WO2011013676A1 - 排ガスサンプリング分析システム - Google Patents
排ガスサンプリング分析システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011013676A1 WO2011013676A1 PCT/JP2010/062641 JP2010062641W WO2011013676A1 WO 2011013676 A1 WO2011013676 A1 WO 2011013676A1 JP 2010062641 W JP2010062641 W JP 2010062641W WO 2011013676 A1 WO2011013676 A1 WO 2011013676A1
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- exhaust gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/24—Suction devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N2001/2264—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas with dilution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas sampling analysis system that samples engine exhaust gas and analyzes its components.
- Patent Document 1 As this type of exhaust gas sampling analysis system, as shown in Patent Document 1, diluted exhaust gas that is obtained by diluting the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (engine) with air is circulated in the dilution pipe, and flows in the dilution pipe. Some of them are collected by sampling piping.
- the sampling pipe includes a sampling probe for collecting diluted exhaust gas, a throttle valve for adjusting the flow rate pressure of the collected diluted exhaust gas, an exhaust gas analyzer for analyzing exhaust gas components from the diluted exhaust gas, A critical venturi and a suction pump, which are provided to suck the dilution gas in the sampling pipe in a total amount, are arranged in this order.
- an air passage is connected between the exhaust gas analyzer of the sampling pipe and the critical venturi.
- the exhaust gas analyzer used in the exhaust gas sampling analysis system has the flow rate and pressure of the sampling exhaust gas introduced into the analyzer determined by the specifications, and the flow rate and pressure of the sampling exhaust gas are adjusted so as to be within the specification range. It needs to be adjusted.
- the dilution pipe of the exhaust gas sampling analysis system of Patent Document 1 is provided with a constant displacement pump on the downstream side with respect to the flow of the diluted exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas introduction pipe by this constant displacement pump. Even if the amount changes, the total amount and pressure of the diluted exhaust gas flowing through the dilution pipe are kept substantially constant.
- An air introduction pipe is connected to the dilution pipe, and an air filter is provided at the air intake port.
- the exhaust gas sampling analysis system samples exhaust gas with high pressure, as can be seen from the fact that the diluted exhaust gas flowing through the dilution pipe is maintained at a substantially constant total amount and pressure of the diluted exhaust gas by a constant displacement pump. Not assumed. Also, the dilution pipe is connected to an air introduction pipe and an air filter is disposed at the air intake port. Even if the air filter is clogged and the pressure in the dilution pipe is lowered, it is unlikely that it will rise. .
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems all at once, and its main intended problem is to sample the exhaust gas having a high pressure and analyze the component of the exhaust gas without impairing the measurement accuracy. To do.
- the exhaust gas sampling analysis system includes a main flow path having a proximal end connected to an introduction port for introducing exhaust gas, and a first flow path connected to the main flow path to introduce the exhaust gas into the main flow path.
- a flow rate adjusting mechanism that is provided on the compensation flow path and adjusts the flow rate of the compensation gas supplied to the main flow path, and the first suction pump passes through the throttle mechanism.
- the pressure of the exhaust gas that has been depressurized is further reduced to a predetermined value, and the flow rate adjusting mechanism adjusts the compensation gas supplied to the main flow path so that the pressure of the exhaust gas at the extension point of the measurement flow path becomes a predetermined value. It is characterized by adjusting the flow rate.
- the pressure of the exhaust gas reduced by the throttle mechanism is further reduced, and the compensation gas supplied to the main flow path is adjusted to set the pressure of the exhaust gas at the extension point of the measurement flow path to a predetermined value. Therefore, the pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the measurement channel can be kept within the specification range of the analyzer. Therefore, the exhaust gas flowing at a high pressure in the pipe can be sampled to analyze the exhaust gas without impairing the measurement accuracy.
- the introduction port is provided on the upstream side of the filter device provided in the exhaust pipe.
- Upstream of the filter device for example, DPF
- high pressure for example, 300 kPa (cage pressure)
- the exhaust gas sampling analysis system of the present invention can sample and analyze the exhaust gas upstream of the filter device. . Therefore, the performance of the filter device can be evaluated by separately sampling and analyzing the exhaust gas from the downstream side of the filter device and comparing the analysis results.
- the upstream opening of the pipe constituting the measurement flow path is arranged so as to face the upstream side on the same axis as the main flow path, and the measurement flow path It is desirable to perform constant-speed sampling with the piping that constitutes.
- the constant velocity sampling is to perform sampling so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas in the main flow channel and the flow rate of the exhaust gas in the measurement flow channel are the same, whereby large particles can be sucked without loss.
- the throttle mechanism has a shaft at the center.
- a movable body having a main throttle channel communicating with the main channel along the direction, a sub-throttle channel communicating with one or more main channels along the axial direction around the main throttle channel, and a downstream of the movable body
- a movable portion that is slidably fitted to the outer periphery of the side, and that is provided between the fixed portion and the movable body on the outer periphery of the movable body, and that is disposed between the stationary portion and the movable body on the outer periphery of the movable body.
- Exhaust gas sampling analysis system 201 Filter device (DPF) PT ... introduction port 2 ... main flow path 3 ... throttle mechanism P1 ... first suction pump 4 ... measurement flow path 5 ... analyzer 6 ... compensation flow path MFC3 -Flow rate adjusting mechanism 31 ... Movable body 301 ... Main throttle channel 302 ... Sub-throttle channel 32 ... Fixed portion 33 ... Spring
- the exhaust gas sampling analysis system 100 samples exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust pipe 200 connected to an internal combustion engine (engine) and analyzes the sampled exhaust gas.
- this has a main flow path 2 whose base end is connected to an introduction port PT for introducing exhaust gas, and the main flow path to introduce the exhaust gas into the main flow path 2.
- the first suction pump P1 connected to the main flow path 2, the throttle mechanism 3 provided on the main flow path 2, and the exhaust gas extending from the main flow path 2 downstream of the throttle mechanism 3 and sampling the exhaust gas flowing through the main flow path 2
- the measurement channel 4 that circulates, the analyzer 5 that analyzes the sampled exhaust gas, and extends from the main channel 2 downstream of the extension point of the measurement channel 4,
- a compensation channel 6 for supplying compensation gas to the main channel 2 and a flow rate adjusting mechanism MFC3 provided on the compensation channel 6 for adjusting the flow rate of the compensation gas to be supplied to the main channel 2 are provided. Further, the compensation gas supplied from the compensation channel 6 is prevented from flowing into the measurement channel 4 in the main channel 2 between the extension point of the measurement channel 4 and the extension point of the compensation channel 6.
- a backflow prevention structure is provided.
- the introduction port PT is provided on the upstream side of a filter device 201 such as a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) provided in the exhaust pipe 200.
- a filter device 201 such as a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) provided in the exhaust pipe 200.
- the exhaust gas pressure becomes high (eg, 300 kPa (gauge pressure)) due to factors such as filter clogging.
- the main flow path 2 has a base end connected to the introduction port PT, and from the upstream side, a throttle mechanism 3 consisting of a venturi or an orifice, a buffer space BS for buffering pressure fluctuations of exhaust gas, a first flow rate adjustment mechanism MFC1, and a first One suction pump P1 is provided in this order.
- the first flow rate adjustment mechanism MFC1 includes a flow meter FM1 and a flow rate adjustment valve (for example, a needle valve) V1.
- the flow rate adjustment valve V1 is controlled by a control unit (not shown), and the control unit that receives the flow rate measurement signal from the flow meter FM1 outputs a control signal to the flow rate adjustment valve V1 to adjust the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve V1. .
- the first suction pump P1 is also controlled by the control unit, and sucks exhaust gas so that the pressure downstream of the throttle mechanism 3 (specifically, in the buffer space BS) becomes a predetermined value.
- symbol F in FIG. 1 has shown the filter, and CU has shown the cooler.
- the measurement channel 4 is provided to extend from the main channel 2 downstream of the throttle mechanism 3.
- a second flow rate adjustment mechanism MFC2 including a flow meter FM2 and a flow rate adjustment valve (for example, a needle valve) V2, and the sampled exhaust gas are analyzed.
- the analyzer 5 such as a particle number measuring device (CPC) and the second suction pump P2 are provided in this order.
- the second flow rate adjustment mechanism MFC2 is controlled by the above-described control unit so that the exhaust gas flow rate flowing into the analyzer 5 is constant.
- the compensation channel 6 extends from the main channel 2 downstream of the extension point of the measurement channel 4.
- a third flow rate adjustment mechanism MFC3 including a flow meter FM3 and a pressure control valve V3 is provided on the compensation flow path 6.
- a pump for circulating the compensation gas in the compensation flow path 6 may be provided.
- the buffer space BS is set to a negative pressure by the first suction pump P1
- a compensation gas such as the atmosphere flows into the buffer space BS without providing a pump on the compensation flow path 6. Can do.
- the pressure control valve V3 of the third flow rate adjusting mechanism MFC3 is controlled by the above-described control unit so that the exhaust gas flow rate downstream of the throttle mechanism 3 (specifically, in the buffer space BS) becomes a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value is a pressure and flow rate at which the sampled exhaust gas pressure and flow rate satisfy the measurement specifications of the analyzer 5 when the exhaust gas is sampled by the measurement channel 4.
- the pressure (eg, 280 [kPa] (gauge pressure)) downstream of the throttle mechanism 3 is set to a predetermined value within a predetermined range (eg, ⁇ 35 kPa to 35 kPa (gauge pressure)) by the first suction pump P1. Suction.
- a predetermined range eg, ⁇ 35 kPa to 35 kPa (gauge pressure)
- the pressure of the exhaust gas at the extension point is set to a predetermined value within a predetermined range (for example, ⁇ 35 kPa to 35 kPa (gauge pressure)).
- the sampling result of the high-pressure exhaust gas using the exhaust gas sampling analysis system of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the diluted exhaust gas flow rate (exhaust gas flow rate diluted with compensation gas) by the first suction pump P1 is Q ma
- the compensation gas flow rate supplied to the main flow channel 2 is Q mu
- the exhaust gas flow rate flowing through the measurement flow channel 4 is Qana
- the exhaust gas flow rate flowing through the throttle mechanism 3 (CFV) is Q v
- the exhaust gas pressure downstream of the throttle mechanism 3 is P v .
- a CFV having a flow rate of 5.0 [lpm] was used.
- both the pressures shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are gauge pressures.
- the exhaust gas flow rate Q ana in the measurement channel 4 can be set to about 4.00 [lpm] (FIG. 4 reference), can fit the exhaust gas pressure P v in the range of -10.60 ⁇ -8.20 [kPa (gauge pressure) (see FIG. 5).
- the measurement channel 4 can be used without causing the analyzer 5 to malfunction due to the exhaust gas sucked by the second suction pump P2 on the measurement channel 4.
- the flow rate accuracy of the exhaust gas to be sampled can be improved and the dilution rate can be calculated with high accuracy, and the measurement accuracy in the analyzer 5 can be improved.
- the throttle mechanism 3 of the present embodiment is a flow rate variable venturi, and this venturi 3 is accommodated in a housing 8 that forms a buffer space BS as shown in FIG.
- the flow rate variable venturi 3 has a channel cross-sectional area that changes depending on the pressure of the input exhaust gas, and includes a movable body 31 having a rotating body shape in which a main throttle channel 301 and a sub throttle channel 302 are formed, A fixed portion 32 that is slidably fitted to the outer periphery on the downstream side of the movable body 31 and closes or opens the sub-throttle channel 302, and is provided between the fixed portion 32 and the movable body 31 on the outer periphery of the movable body 31. And a spring 33 that urges the movable body 31 in a direction in which the movable body 31 is separated from the fixed portion 32.
- the movable body 31 has a main throttle channel 301 communicating with the main channel 2 along the axial direction at the center thereof, and a sub-throttling channel communicating with one or a plurality of main channels 2 along the axial direction around it.
- a path 302 is formed.
- the sub-throttle channels 302 of this embodiment have the same channel cross-sectional area, and the channel cross-sectional area is smaller than the channel cross-sectional area of the main throttle channel 301.
- the fixed portion 32 is provided fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 8, and includes a recess 321 in which the downstream side of the movable body 31 is slidably fitted, and a through hole 322 provided in the bottom wall of the recess 321. ing.
- the opening diameter of the recess 321 is substantially the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the outer periphery on the downstream side of the movable body 31.
- the bottom surface of the recess 321 has a taper shape corresponding to the tip surface (in the present embodiment, the taper shape) where the downstream opening of the sub-throttle channel 302 is formed.
- the through hole 322 is provided on the bottom wall of the recess 321 in substantially the same direction as the flow direction of the main throttle channel 301 of the movable body 31.
- the sub-throttle channel 302 is closed and the main throttle is closed in the state where the movable unit 31 is seated (the closed position where the movable body 31 moves in the axial direction and contacts the fixed portion 32 and closes the sub-throttle channel 302). Exhaust gas flowing through the flow path 301 passes through the through hole 322 and flows downstream. On the other hand, in the state where the movable body 31 is separated (the open position where the movable body 31 moves in the axial direction and is separated from the fixed portion 32 and the sub-throttle channel 302 is opened), the sub-throttle channel 302 is opened, and the main throttle Exhaust gas flowing through the channel 301 and the sub-throttle channel 302 passes through the through hole 322 and flows downstream. As the movable body 31 moves between the seating position and the separation position, the channel cross-sectional area of the sub-throttle channel 302 increases or decreases.
- the spring 33 is externally fitted to the movable body 31, and is provided between the flange portion 311 formed on the entire circumference of the base end portion of the movable body 31 and the recessed peripheral edge portion 321 ⁇ / b> R of the fixed portion 32.
- the flange 311 is slidably fitted on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 8. That is, the spring 33 is configured to be accommodated in a space formed by the outer surface of the movable body 31, the side surface of the flange portion 311, the peripheral edge of the recessed portion of the fixed portion 32, and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 8, and the spring 33 flows. Avoid contact with exhaust gas. Thereby, the loss by components, such as PM contained in waste gas, adhering to the spring 33 can be prevented.
- the spring 33 expands and contracts in accordance with the pressure of the exhaust gas received by the movable body 31, and determines the channel cross-sectional area of the sub-throttle channel 302 according to the pressure of the exhaust gas.
- Measurement pipe 4 ⁇ / b> T In the buffer space BS formed downstream of the venturi 3 by the housing 8, piping (hereinafter referred to as “measurement piping 4 ⁇ / b> T”) constituting the measurement flow path 4 and piping (hereinafter referred to as “measurement pipe 4 ⁇ / b> T”). "Compensation pipe 6T”) is connected.
- This buffer space BS can buffer the pressure fluctuation caused by the pulsation of the exhaust gas pressure and the pulsation of the first suction pump P1.
- Reference numeral 2T in FIG. 2 is a pipe constituting the main flow path 2.
- the measurement pipe 4T is connected to the upstream side of the compensation pipe 6T, and the upstream opening of the measurement pipe 4T is directed in the substantially same direction as the flow path direction of the main flow path 2. Is arranged. Specifically, the upstream side opening of the measurement pipe 4T is disposed so as to face substantially the same direction as the flow direction of the main throttle flow path 301 of the venturi. In the present embodiment, the flow path (through hole 322) formed in the fixed portion 32 is disposed close to the downstream opening. Thereby, the exhaust gas sampled from the exhaust pipe 200 can be directly guided to the measurement flow path 4.
- the compensation gas supplied from the compensation channel 6 to the main channel 2 flows into the measurement channel 4 by arranging the upstream side opening of the measurement pipe 4T and the downstream side opening of the through hole 322 in close proximity.
- the backflow prevention structure which prevents this is comprised.
- the pressure of the exhaust gas decompressed by the throttling mechanism 3 is further reduced, and the compensation gas supplied to the main flow path 2 is adjusted to measure the flow rate. Since the pressure of the exhaust gas at the extension point of the path 4 is set to a predetermined value, the flow path flowing through the measurement flow path 4 can be kept within the specification range of the analyzer 5. Therefore, the exhaust gas can be analyzed without sampling the high-pressure exhaust gas and impairing the measurement accuracy.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the throttle mechanism 3 is provided in the housing 8 that forms the buffer space BS, but may be provided separately on the main flow path 2.
- the buffer space BS is provided in the embodiment, it may be one without the buffer space BS.
- the backflow prevention structure is configured by disposing the upstream opening of the measurement pipe close to the downstream opening of the venturi (throttle mechanism 3), but in addition, by the inner surface of the pipe constituting the main flow path 2 You may comprise by resistance.
- exhaust gas having a high pressure can be sampled and components of the exhaust gas can be analyzed without impairing measurement accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
201 ・・・フィルタ装置(DPF)
PT ・・・導入ポート
2 ・・・メイン流路
3 ・・・絞り機構
P1 ・・・第1吸引ポンプ
4 ・・・測定流路
5 ・・・分析装置
6 ・・・補償流路
MFC3・・・流量調整機構
31 ・・・可動体
301 ・・・主絞り流路
302 ・・・副絞り流路
32 ・・・固定部
33 ・・・スプリング
導入ポートPTは、排気管200に設けられた例えばDPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)等のフィルタ装置201の上流側に設けられている。このフィルタ装置201の上流においては、フィルタの目詰まり等の要因によって排ガスの圧力が高圧(例えば300kPa(ゲージ圧))になる。
排気管200のDPF201上流の圧力が高圧力(例えば300[kPa](ゲージ圧))の場合において、導入ポートPTから排ガスをサンプリングした場合、絞り機構3のベンチュリ(例えば流量性能6[lpm(リットル毎分)])により排ガスの圧力が低くなる(例えば280[kPa](ゲージ圧))。ここで、臨界ベンチュリの圧力-流量特性を図3に示す。なお、図3の横軸の圧力はゲージ圧である。この図3から分かるように、絞り機構3下流の排ガスの圧力が-15[kPa](ゲージ圧)で一定の場合に、排気管200の排ガスの圧力が高くなればなるほど、ベンチュリによる降圧効果が小さくなり、ベンチュリを流れる排ガスの流量を一定に調整することができず、流量が大きくなってしまう。具体的には、排ガスの入力圧力が300[kPa](ゲージ圧)の場合には、流量性能6[lpm]のCFVでは、20[lpm]の排ガスが流れ、24[lpm]のCFVでは、100[lpm]の排ガスが流れる。つまり、CFVは、排気管200の排ガスの圧力が上昇するに連れて流れる流量も大きくなってしまう。
このように構成した本実施形態に係る排ガスサンプリング装置100によれば、絞り機構3により減圧された排ガスの圧力をさらに減圧するとともに、メイン流路2に供給される補償ガスを調整して測定流路4の延出点における排ガスの圧力を所定値としているので、測定流路4を流れる流路を分析装置5の仕様の範囲内の収めることができる。したがって、高圧の排ガスをサンプリングして測定精度を損なうことなく、排ガスを分析することができる。
Claims (4)
- 排ガスを導入するための導入ポートに基端が接続されたメイン流路と、
前記メイン流路に排ガスを導入すべく当該メイン流路に接続された第1吸引ポンプと、
前記メイン流路上に設けられた絞り機構と、
前記絞り機構の下流においてメイン流路から延出し、当該メイン流路を流れる排ガスをサンプリングして流通する測定流路と、
前記測定流路上に設けられ、サンプリングされた排ガスを分析する分析装置と、
前記測定流路の延出点の下流においてメイン流路から延出し、当該メイン流路に補償ガスを供給する補償流路と、
前記補償流路上に設けられ、前記メイン流路に供給する補償ガスの流量を調整する流量調整機構と、を備え、
前記第1吸引ポンプが、前記絞り機構を通過して減圧された排ガスの圧力を所定値までさらに減圧するとともに、
前記流量調整機構が、前記測定流路の延出点における排ガスの圧力が所定値となるようにメイン流路に供給される補償ガスの流量を調整する排ガスサンプリング分析システム。 - 前記導入ポートが排気管に設けられたフィルタ装置の上流側に設けられている請求項1記載の排ガスサンプリング分析システム。
- 前記測定流路を構成する配管の上流側開口が、前記メイン流路と同軸上において上流側を向くように配置され、
前記測定流路を構成する配管によって等速サンプリングを行う請求項1記載の排ガスサンプリング分析システム。 - 前記絞り機構が、
中央部に軸方向に沿ってメイン流路に連通する主絞り流路、その周囲に軸方向に沿って1又は複数のメイン流路に連通する副絞り流路が形成された可動体と、
前記可動体の下流側の外周にスライド可能に嵌合し、前記副内部流路を閉塞又は開成する固定部と、
前記可動体の外周において前記固定部及び前記可動体の間に介在して設けられ、前記可動部を前記固定部から離間させる方向に付勢するスプリングと、を備え、
前記可動体が受ける排ガスの圧力に応じて前記可動体が軸方向にスライド移動することにより、通過する排ガスの流量を調整するものである請求項1記載の排ガスサンプリング分析システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10804422.3A EP2461149B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-27 | Exhaust gas sampling and analysis system |
US13/388,198 US8789406B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-27 | Exhaust gas sampling and analysis system |
JP2011524798A JP5752037B2 (ja) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-27 | 排ガスサンプリング分析システム |
CN201080034099.7A CN102472694B (zh) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-27 | 废气采样分析系统 |
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JP2009-178832 | 2009-07-31 | ||
JP2009178832 | 2009-07-31 |
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WO2011013676A1 true WO2011013676A1 (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
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PCT/JP2010/062641 WO2011013676A1 (ja) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-07-27 | 排ガスサンプリング分析システム |
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US (1) | US8789406B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2461149B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5752037B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102472694B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011013676A1 (ja) |
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US20130312487A1 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Horiba, Ltd. | Exhaust gas analyzing system |
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JP2015179055A (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-10-08 | 株式会社Ihi | 排気ガスサンプリング装置 |
JP2015232559A (ja) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-12-24 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | 排ガス採取機構及び排ガス分析装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8789406B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
JPWO2011013676A1 (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2461149A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20120125080A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
JP5752037B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2461149A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
CN102472694A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102472694B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2461149B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
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