WO2011006313A1 - 废橡胶或废塑料油化防结焦的工艺及其设备，以及油化设备的除焦机构 - Google Patents

废橡胶或废塑料油化防结焦的工艺及其设备，以及油化设备的除焦机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011006313A1
WO2011006313A1 PCT/CN2009/074341 CN2009074341W WO2011006313A1 WO 2011006313 A1 WO2011006313 A1 WO 2011006313A1 CN 2009074341 W CN2009074341 W CN 2009074341W WO 2011006313 A1 WO2011006313 A1 WO 2011006313A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cracker
hot air
air
arm
inner cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/074341
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛斌
Original Assignee
Niu Bin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2009100167850A external-priority patent/CN101613610B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2009100167831A external-priority patent/CN101608130B/zh
Application filed by Niu Bin filed Critical Niu Bin
Priority to US13/383,458 priority Critical patent/US20120138166A1/en
Priority to CA 2768108 priority patent/CA2768108A1/en
Priority to JP2012519867A priority patent/JP2012532965A/ja
Priority to EP09847238A priority patent/EP2455442A1/en
Publication of WO2011006313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011006313A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4075—Limiting deterioration of equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anti-coking process and apparatus, and in particular to an anti-coking process and apparatus for an oil-based equipment and an automatic defocusing device.
  • the existing treatment methods generally use the cracker heating cracking method to achieve the above oiling purpose.
  • the cracking temperature is generally around 450 °C, but since the heating temperature must be higher than the cracking temperature, the heating temperature condition Underneath, coking will form on the inner wall of the cracker, and as the heating temperature increases, the coking phenomenon will be more serious, and the coking of the inner wall of the cracker will have many harmful effects, such as:
  • the present invention provides an energy-saving anti-coking and automatic decoking technology in the oil-based equipment, and particularly relates to a thermal energy recovery system for reducing the reaction temperature difference and The process and equipment for setting a special clearing device in the cracker, and also providing an automatic clearing device, which specifically mixes the hot air discharged from the cracking process with the high temperature hot air to be sent to the cracker before entering the cracker, reducing The temperature difference inside the cracker is realized. After adopting this process, the waste heat in the cracker is fully utilized, the reaction temperature in the whole cracking process is adjusted, the temperature difference is greatly reduced, and the temperature difference is excessively limited in the reaction process.
  • An anti-coking process is mainly achieved by mixing the hot air discharged from the cracking process with the high-temperature hot air to be sent to the cracker before entering the cracker to reduce the temperature difference in the cracker.
  • the cracker mainly includes a rotatable inner cylinder, and the coking of the inner wall of the inner cylinder has a lowest coking temperature.
  • coking temperature is lower than this coking temperature, coking does not occur, so anti-coking
  • It is mainly used in the cracker or part of the reaction section in the cracker with a temperature higher than the coking temperature; due to the uneven distribution of thermal energy between the raw material inlet of the cracker and the product outlet, a large temperature difference usually occurs during the reaction.
  • the existence of temperature difference is the biggest cause of coking, so solving this problem provides the best conditions for anti-coking.
  • the present invention adopts an automatic clearing mechanism for clearing the focus, and the cleaning mechanism is disposed on the inner wall of the cracker, and realizes automatic continuous Clear focus.
  • the coking caused by other reasons can be removed with the sputum, which solves the problem that the existing process needs to stop the production to stop the defocusing, which seriously affects the production progress, and ensures the cracker or other in the process of continuous defocusing.
  • the non-coking of the inner cavity of the oiling equipment reduces the burden of its operation, improves the efficiency of heat conduction, and avoids the shortening of the inner wall life of the equipment due to coking; its general realization form is:
  • the cracker is set through the inner wall cleaning mechanism
  • the scraper that is automatically adapted to the inner wall of the cracker is used for clearing the focus. Since the scraper can be matched with the inner wall, it can be used to clear the coke with the rotation of the cracker or optimize the rotation of the device.
  • the selected scraper automatically adapts to the inner wall surface and is continuous. And acting on the inner wall, so that when the inner wall of the oiling equipment is deformed or other faults hinder the work of the scraper, the scraper It can be adjusted automatically to avoid damage to the inner wall and better guarantee the service life of the inner wall.
  • the invention is mainly directed to the cracking process of the hot air chamber heating cracker, and the heat energy is recovered by recycling the hot air in the hot air chamber, and the main method for reducing the temperature difference is realized by the following equipment:
  • the cracker includes The outer wall and the rotating inner cylinder, between the outer wall and the rotating inner cylinder are hot air chambers, and at least one hot air outlet is generally disposed on the outer wall of the hot air chamber, and an air volume regulating valve is disposed at the hot air outlet, and the pipeline is disposed through the pipeline After the hot air outlets are connected, the air inlet mixing chamber is connected to the air inlet mixing chamber through a uniform pipeline, and the air inlet mixing chamber is connected to the air inlet of the hot air chamber, and the air inlet mixing chamber can be a separately provided cavity.
  • the hot air at the hot air outlet is sent to the inlet air mixing chamber through the pipeline, mixed with the high temperature gas sent from the heating furnace, and enters the hot air chamber again.
  • the hot air is first reused, and the temperature of the hot air at the outlet is lower than the temperature required for the cracking reaction.
  • its temperature is generally also in the range of 400-420 ° C.
  • the existing method is to discharge it or use it as another heat source.
  • the present invention returns it to the inlet mixing chamber through the pipeline, and the hot air in the heating furnace.
  • the temperature in the furnace is usually about 1300 ° C or higher after being heated, if it directly enters the hot air chamber of the cracker, it will cause the temperature of the inner cylinder of the cracker to rise sharply, and the cracking of the cracking section
  • the required heating temperature is only 500-550 ° C, which causes a large amount of coking due to high temperature during the process of the material, and adheres to the inner wall of the cracker, and the process of the present invention is used at the exit of the cracker.
  • the air swirl is formed in the cavity, so that the wind of two temperatures can realize the heat transfer in the short turn, so that the hot wind can be effectively cooled before entering the hot air cavity, and generally can be reduced to cracking.
  • the required temperature so that the temperature difference between the raw material inlet of the cracker and the oil and gas outlet of the product is greatly reduced, generally the temperature difference can be reduced by 400-500 ° C, thereby solving the coking phenomenon of the material due to the large temperature difference, thereby preventing the coking effect. Rather than the way in which post-coking is handled.
  • the hot air discharged from the cracker needs to be adjusted with the high-temperature hot air by adjusting the air volume.
  • the specific settings are as follows: In order to prevent the temperature of the cracker from falling due to the discharge of hot air from the outlet, each hot air
  • the air volume adjusting cylinder of the outlet is provided with a temperature control device. When the temperature of the cracking section is too low, the regulating valve is closed to increase the temperature in the cracker. Otherwise, the regulating valve is opened to release the hot air and return to the heating furnace, thereby ensuring the entire cracking process.
  • the temperature in the furnace is generally about 1300 ° C or higher, in order to reduce the temperature of the furnace wind, a large number of The outlet is mixed with low-temperature hot air, so an air volume adjusting device is arranged on the hot air regenerative line, and it is generally preferred to use a regenerative fan (cum air pump or hot air fan), which can increase the flow rate of the low-temperature hot air, thereby realizing the heating furnace.
  • a regenerative fan cum air pump or hot air fan
  • the cracker rotating inner cylinder is mounted on a fixed head at both ends thereof, wherein the inner cylinder is provided with an arm fixedly connected with the head and a rocker arm connected to the arm at the middle, and a weight is arranged at one end of the rocker arm
  • the other end of the block is provided with a scraper capable of moving relative to and cooperating with the circular inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker.
  • the arm and the rocker arm can be connected by a shaft or other connections.
  • the blade due to the weight of the weight, the blade can always adhere to the inner surface of the inner cylinder under the action of the lever principle.
  • the inner cylinder rotates continuously during the production process, the inner wall moves relative to the scraper, thereby The doctor blade is attached to the inner wall of the inner cylinder for coking and sputum removal. Due to the presence of the counterweight, when the cylinder is deformed, the scraper will not disengage from the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and its position will be adjusted with the deformation to achieve the purpose of uninterrupted clearing.
  • the weights are mounted on the rocker arm through the shaft, and can also be connected by other means, so that when the inner cylinder body is deformed or the inner cylinder wall is attached with a scraper that cannot be removed by the scraper, the weight can be quickly Adjust the position of the scraper to adjust the position of the scraper, especially when there is a coke body that cannot be removed by the scraper, the scraper can automatically retreat to avoid the coke body, prevent the scraper from being damaged and damage the cylinder.
  • the scraper passes through the char It can also be automatically attached to the inner wall by the weight of the weight, and the focusing operation can be continued.
  • the cracker is fixed in the inner cavity of the cracker, and the support arm is mounted on the support by means of a movable connection.
  • the support is spoke-shaped, and the support arm is mounted on the center of the support.
  • the fixed bracket is the general design of the cracker so that It is ensured that the length of the cylinder in the cracker is provided, and the strength is increased to achieve continuous production.
  • the brackets support the rotating inner cylinder, and the above-mentioned clearing device is generally mounted on the bracket by the movable connection.
  • the bracket is spoke-shaped, the arm is mounted on the center of the bracket, which can better make the arm avoid the bracket, and is convenient
  • the clearing mechanism used is also intermittently arranged.
  • the length of the scraper can be extended in the axial direction of the cracker to It can achieve the clearing of the inner wall of the inner cylinder between the two sets of brackets, and can also be realized by setting multiple sets of clearing mechanisms between the two sets of brackets, which can be determined according to the specific production process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anti-coking device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a clearing device in a cracker according to the present invention.
  • heating furnace, 2 and 4 return air line, 3, regenerative fan, 5, hot air outlet, 6, exhaust line, 7, cracker, 8, cracker head, 9 , the cracker rotates the inner cylinder, 10, the bracket, 11, the counterweight, 12, the rocker arm, 13, the scraper, 14, the arm;
  • the hot air discharged from the cracker and the high temperature hot air to be sent to the cracker The air volume ratio is 2-2.5 : 1 and after mixing, the hot air temperature acting on the inner wall of the cracker is 500-530 ° C, and the cracker oil and gas outlet temperature is 380-400 ° C.
  • the coking phenomenon on the inner wall of the cracker is reduced by 55% compared to the absence of this process.
  • the hot air temperature discharged from the cracker is 400-410 ° C, and the hot air temperature at the heater outlet is 1350 ° C.
  • the hot air temperature acting on the inner wall of the cracker is 530-550 ° C.
  • the outlet temperature is 380-400 °C.
  • the coking phenomenon on the inner wall of the cracker is reduced by 60% compared to the absence of this process.
  • the process also uses a cleaning mechanism disposed on the inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker for continuous defocusing, and the cleaning mechanism is cleaned by cooperating with the inner wall of the cracker.
  • the squeegee automatically adapts to the inner wall surface and continuously acts on the inner wall. This squeegee can focus the inner wall without damaging the inner wall.
  • the hot air temperature discharged from the cracker is 400-410 ° C, and the hot air temperature at the heater outlet is 1350 ° C.
  • the hot air temperature entering the cracking is 520 ° C, and the oil and gas outlet temperature of the cracker is 380- 400 ° C.
  • the internal temperature difference of the cracker is 120 °C, and the coking phenomenon on the inner wall of the cracker is significantly reduced, which is 70% lower than that without the process.
  • the process also adopts a cleaning mechanism disposed on the inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker for continuous defocusing, and the cleaning mechanism adopts a scraper with the inner wall of the cracker for clearing
  • the scraper automatically adapts to the inner wall surface and acts continuously on the inner wall. This scraper can focus the inner wall without damaging the inner wall.
  • An apparatus for designing the process comprising a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, wherein a hot air outlet is disposed on the outer wall of the chamber of the cracker hot air chamber, and the hot air outlet passes through the return air
  • the pipeline is connected to the inlet air mixing chamber, and the inlet air mixing chamber is split into a heat source of the heat exchanger--a part of the pipeline of the heating furnace, and is connected to the hot air chamber in the cracker through the pipeline.
  • a process design apparatus for the process embodiment 1 comprising a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, wherein three hot air outlets are arranged on the outer wall of the cracker hot air chamber, and each hot air outlet is arranged
  • the air volume adjustment pottery, each hot air outlet is connected through a pipeline and connected to the regenerative fan through a return air duct, and then connected to the inlet air mixing chamber through a pipeline, and the inlet air mixing chamber has a heating furnace air inlet at one end, and is cracked
  • the hot air chamber inside the device is connected.
  • An anti-coking device using the process design including a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, and four hot air outlets are disposed on the outer wall of the cracker hot air chamber, each hot air An air volume adjusting cylinder is arranged at the exit, and each hot air outlet is connected through a pipeline and passes through a return air duct and a cracker hot air chamber.
  • the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet is connected the inlet air mixing chamber has a heating furnace air inlet at one end, the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, and the hot air recovered at the cracker outlet and the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace are in the air inlet.
  • the mixing chamber is mixed, and a return air fan is connected to the return air line.
  • an anti-coking device using the process design thereof including a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, and two hot air outlets are disposed on the outer wall of the cracker hot air chamber, each An air volume regulating valve is arranged at the hot air outlet, and each hot air outlet is connected through a pipeline and connected to the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet of the cracker hot air chamber through the return air pipeline, and the inlet air mixing chamber has a heating furnace air inlet at one end thereof.
  • the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, and the hot air recovered at the cracker outlet and the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace are mixed in the air inlet mixing chamber, and a return air fan is connected to the return air line, and an exhaust air is also arranged on the return air fan. tube.
  • An apparatus for applying process design and automatic focus removal is provided for Process Examples 4 and 5, including a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, and two hot air outlets are disposed on the outer wall of the chamber of the cracker hot air chamber.
  • Each hot air outlet is provided with a large air volume adjustment, and each hot air outlet is connected through a pipeline and connected to the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet of the cracker hot air chamber through the return air pipeline, and the inlet air mixing chamber is provided with a heating furnace.
  • the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, the hot air recovered at the cracker outlet and the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace are mixed in the air inlet mixing chamber, and the return air line is connected with a regenerative fan, and the return air line is passed back.
  • the air heater is connected to the exhaust duct.
  • the cracker rotating inner cylinder is mounted on a fixed head at both ends thereof, the inner cylinder is provided with an arm fixedly connected with the head, and the rocker arm of the middle portion and the arm connected through the shaft, the rocker arm is disposed at one end There is a weight, and the other end is provided with a scraper capable of moving relative to and cooperating with the circular inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker.
  • An apparatus for applying process design and automatic focus removal is provided for Process Examples 4 and 5, including a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, and two hot air outlets are provided on the outer wall of the chamber of the cracker hot air chamber. Each of the hot air outlets is provided with an air volume regulating valve, and the hot air outlets are connected through a pipeline and connected to the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet of the hot air chamber of the cracker through the return air duct, and the inlet air mixing chamber is provided with a heating furnace.
  • the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, the hot air recovered at the cracker outlet and the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace are mixed in the air inlet mixing chamber, and the return air line is connected with a regenerative fan, and the return air line is passed back.
  • Hot air blower An exhaust duct is connected.
  • the cracker is fixed in the inner cavity of the cracker, and the bracket is in the shape of a spoke; the cracker rotates the inner cylinder to be mounted on the fixed heads at both ends thereof, and the inner cylinder is provided with an arm fixedly connected with the head, the arm
  • the movable arm is mounted on the bracket; the middle of the arm has a rocker arm connected by a shaft, the rocker arm is provided with a weight block at one end, and the other end is provided with a relative movement with the circular inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker and cooperates therewith
  • the scraper, the counterweight is mounted on the rocker arm through the shaft.
  • An apparatus for applying process design and automatic defocusing is provided for Process Examples 4 and 5, including a cracker with a rotating inner cylinder, and four hot air outlets are disposed on the outer wall of the chamber of the cracker hot air chamber.
  • Each hot air outlet is provided with a large air volume adjustment, and each hot air outlet is connected through a pipeline and connected to the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet of the cracker hot air chamber through the return air pipeline, and the inlet air mixing chamber is provided with a heating furnace.
  • the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, the hot air recovered at the cracker outlet and the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace are mixed in the air inlet mixing chamber, and the return air line is connected with a regenerative fan, and the return air line is passed back.
  • the air heater is connected to the exhaust duct.
  • the cracker is fixed in the inner cavity of the cracker, and the bracket is spoke-shaped; the cracker rotates the inner cylinder to be mounted on the fixed heads at both ends thereof, and the inner cylinder is provided with an arm fixedly connected with the head, the arm The arm is mounted on the bracket by the movable connection, and the arm is mounted on the center of the bracket, and an arm is mounted on the front end of each bracket; a rocker arm connected through the shaft is arranged in the middle of the arm, and a weight is arranged at one end of the rocker arm, One end is provided with a scraper capable of moving relative to the circular inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker, and the counterweight is mounted on the rocker arm through the shaft, and the length of the scraper axial direction of the scraper is between the adjacent two brackets The distance is the same.
  • An apparatus for applying process design and automatic clearing is provided for Process Examples 4 and 5, including a cracker 7 having a rotating inner cylinder 9, and four chambers are provided on the outer wall of the cracker hot air chamber.
  • the hot air outlet 5 is provided with an air volume regulating valve at each hot air outlet, and each hot air outlet 5 is connected through a pipeline and connected to the inlet air mixing chamber before the hot air inlet of the cracker hot air chamber through the return air ducts 2 and 4, and the air inlet
  • One end of the mixing chamber is provided with an air inlet of the heating furnace 1, and the inlet air mixing chamber is connected with the hot air chamber in the cracker, and the hot air recovered at the outlet of the cracker is mixed with the high temperature hot air of the heating furnace in the inlet air mixing chamber, and the return air line is connected back.
  • the hot air blower 3 is connected to the air return line 6 through a regenerative fan.
  • the holder 10 is fixed in the inner cavity of the cracker inner cylinder 9, and the bracket 10 is in the shape of a spoke; the cracker rotating inner cylinder 9 is mounted on the fixed heads at both ends thereof, and the inner cylinder 9 is provided with a branch fixedly connected with the head 8.
  • the arm 14 and the arm 14 are mounted on the bracket 10 by means of a movable connection, and the arm is mounted on the center of the bracket 10, and three arms are installed between the two brackets; the rocker arm connected through the shaft is provided in the middle of the arm 14 12, one end of the rocker arm 12 is provided with a weight 11 and the other end is provided with a scraper 13 which can move relative to and cooperate with the circular inner wall of the inner cylinder of the cracker, and the weight 11 is mounted on the rocker arm 12 through the shaft , the scraper on the three arms, the length of the axial length of the cracker is the same as the distance between the two adjacent brackets.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

说明书
Title of Invention- 废 ^^废 ¾^由^: 结焦、 1^；：¾^
' 设备， 以及油化设备的除焦机构 一种油化装备的防结焦工艺和设备及自动清焦设备
[I] 技术领域
[2] 本发明涉及一种防结焦工艺及设备， 具体涉及一种油化装备的防结焦工艺和设 备及自动清焦设备。
[3] 背景技术
[4] 众所周知， 将废旧橡胶和塑料裂解后能够通过进一步加工生产出汽油、 柴油等 产品， 这不仅为现代社会大量产生的废旧轮胎等橡胶、 塑料等工业垃圾的处理 找到了良好的解决方法， 而且对资源减少、 能源紧张情况的改善提供了新的方 案。
[5] 现有处理方式一般采用裂解器加热裂解的方式来实现上述的油化目的， 其裂解 温度一般都在 450°C左右， 但是由于供热温度必须高于裂解温度， 在供热温度条 件下， 会在裂解器内壁形成结焦， 而且随供热温度的提高会导致结焦现象更加 严重， 裂解器内壁的结焦会带来很多有害的影响， 例如：
[6] 1.结焦会阻止热量向裂解器内的物料传递， 降低热效率；
[7] 2.由于热量传递受到阻碍， 为了保证裂解器内物料的裂解温度， 必须提高热风 的温度保证裂解温度， 这样不但燃料消耗增大， 并且由于供热温度的提高大大 降低了裂解器的使用寿命；
[8] 3.裂解器内形成的结焦会在内壁不断增长， 从而阻碍了物料的流动并导致料流 压差增大， 从而影响物料在裂解器内的运动并消耗更多的能量；
[9] 4.结焦后会影响物料在裂解器内的裂解反应， 产生不需要的副反应， 从而影响 最终产品的收率， 这样， 要获得同样的目标产物必须消耗更多的原料和能源。
[10] 由于上述原因， 结焦的存在会导致裂解的工业化生产无法连续进行， 而且使得 生产及设备存在严重的安全隐患。
[I I] 发明内容 [12] 针对现有油化装备生产过程中出现结焦问题， 本发明提供了一种油化装备中的 节能防结焦及自动除焦技术， 具体涉及一种釆用热能回收系统降低反应温差并 在裂解器内设置特殊清焦装置的工艺和设备， 同时还提供了一种自动清焦设备 ， 具体釆用将裂解过程排出的热风与即将送入裂解器的高温热风在进入裂解器 前混合， 降低裂解器内温差的方式实现， 采用这种工艺后， 充分的利用了裂解 器内的余热， 调节了整个裂解过程中的反应温度， 大大降低了温差， 从而限制 了反应过程中由于温差过大而产生的结焦现象的出现， 辅以设备内的特殊清焦 装置， 彻底解决了裂解反应器内结焦问题的出现， 从而提高了反应的效率， 减 轻了设备的负荷， 提高了设备的使用寿命， 降低了生产成本， 降低了能耗。
[13] 本发明的清焦工艺是通过如下手段实现的：
[14] 一种防结焦工艺， 主要采用将裂解过程排出的热风与即将送入裂解器的高温热 风在进入裂解器前混合， 降低裂解器内温差的方式实现。
[15] 众所周知， 裂解器主要包括可以转动的内筒体， 而内筒体内壁的结焦均有一个 最低的结焦温度， 当低于这个结焦温度时， 是不会发生结焦现象的， 因此防结 焦主要应用于温度高于结焦温度的裂解器或裂解器中的部分反应段； 裂解器原 料进口和产品出口之间由于热能的分布不均， 一般在反应过程中会出现较大的 温差， 而这种温差的存在是结焦现象发生的最大原因， 因此解决了这个问题就 为防结焦提供了最佳的条件。
[16] 同吋为了防止由于其他原因在裂解器内部， 特别是内腔体内壁上产生结焦， 本 发明采用自动清焦机构进行清焦， 该清理机构设置在裂解器内壁上， 并实现自 动连续清焦。 这样可以将由于其他原因产生的结焦随吋进行清除， 解决了现有 的工艺中需要停车停产才能进行清焦， 严重影响生产进度的问题， 在连续清焦 的过程中， 保证了裂解器或其他油化装备内腔体的无结焦， 降低了其运行的负 担， 提高了导热的效率也避免了由于结焦而造成的设备内壁寿命缩短； 其一般 的实现形式是： 裂解器通过内壁清理机构中设置的与裂解器内壁自动适应的刮 刀进行清焦， 由于刮刀可以与内壁配合， 可以实现伴随裂解器转动或优化设备 转动进行清焦， 为了提高其清焦效率， 选用的刮刀自动适应内壁表面且连续且 作用于内壁， 这样当油化装备内壁出现形变或其他故障阻碍刮刀工作吋， 刮刀 可以自动调节， 避免对于内壁的损坏， 更好的保证内壁的使用寿命。
[17] 本发明主要针对釆用热风腔加热裂解器的裂解工艺， 釆用将热风腔内的热风回 收再利用的方式实现热能的回收， 主要降低温差的方式采用如下的设备实现： 裂解器包括外壁和转动内筒， 外壁和转动内筒之间是热风腔， 在热风腔的腔体 外壁一般均设置有至少一个的热风出口， 在该热风出口处设置有风量调节阀， 并通过管路将各个热风出口连接之后通过统一的管路与进风混合腔连接， 该进 风混合腔带有加热炉进风口并与热风腔进风口相连， 所述的进风混合腔可以为 单独设置的腔体， 也可以是加热炉出风管路的一部分， 采用这种结构后， 热风 出口处的热风通过管路送到进风混合腔中， 与加热炉送出的高温气体混合， 并 再次进入热风腔中作为裂解反应的热源， 这样首先实现了热风的回用， 出口处 热风的温度虽然低于裂解反应所需的温度， 但是其温度一般也在 400-420°C, 现 有的方式是将其排放或用作其他的热源， 本发明通过管路将其送回到进风混合 腔中， 与加热炉中的热风混合， 由于加热炉中的风在被加热后温度一般在 1300°C 左右甚至更高， 如果直接进入裂解器的热风腔后， 会导致裂解器内筒的温度急 剧上升， 而该裂解段的裂解所需的供热温度仅为 500-550°C， 这样就造成物料在 行进的过程中由于高温出现大量的结焦， 并附着于裂解器内壁， 而采用本发明 所述的工艺， 裂解器出口处的热风通过管路送入进风混合腔后， 与加热炉中的 风混合后， 可以有效的对加热炉中的风降温， 同吋由于两种风存在较大的温差 ， 会在进风混合腔内形成空气旋流， 这样使得两种温度的风可以再在短吋间内 实现热量的传递， 从而使热风在进入热风腔前得到有效的降温， 一般可以降至 裂解所需的温度， 这样就使得裂解器原料入口和产品油气出口的温差大大下降 ， 一般可将温差缩小 400-500°C， 从而解决了由于大温差而导致的物料结焦现象 ， 起到了预防结焦的效果而非出现结焦后处理的方式。
[18] 而为了达到工艺的要求， 裂解器排出的热风需通过调节装置调节风量后与高温 热风混合， 具体的设置如下： 为了防止由于出口热风被排出而导致的裂解器温 度下降， 每个热风出口的风量调节筒均设置有温控装置， 当所处裂解段的温度 过低吋则关闭调节阀以提高裂解器内的温度， 反之则打开调节阀放出热风返回 加热炉， 这样可以保证整个裂解过程中的温度均衡， 减少了瞬间增温降温而导 致的结焦现象， 同吋最大程度的利用了热风所携带的热量； 如上所述由于加热 炉内的风其温度一般为 1300°C左右甚至更高， 为了降低加热炉的风的温度， 需要 大量的出口低温热风来混合， 因此在热风回热管路上设置有风量调节装置， 一 般优选釆用回热风机 （暨风泵或热风机） ， 这样可以提高低温热风的流量， 从 而实现对加热炉中的风的有效降温， 并达到工艺所需的温度； 同样的问题， 当 出口热风量过大时会造成过度降温， 这样可以在回热风机上设置单独的排风管 路， 当裂解器产品出口处的热风过量吋， 可以再通过回热风机时将过量的热风 排出以作他用， 从而实现热能的彻底回用， 不会出现能源的浪费。
[19] 在釆用上述的设备有效的预防裂解器内出现结焦之后， 为了防止由于其他原因 在裂解器内部， 特别是内腔体内壁上产生结焦， 在裂解器内设置专门的清焦机 构， 用以除去因其他原因而在裂解器转动内筒内腔壁上产生的结焦， 具体采用 的结构如下：
[20] 所述的裂解器转动内筒安装在其两端的固定封头上， 内筒中设置有与封头固定 连接的支臂以及中部与支臂连接的摇臂， 摇臂一端设置有配重块， 另一端设置 有能够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮刀。 支臂与摇臂可 以采用轴连接， 也可采用其他的连接方式。
[21] 这样， 由于配重块的原因， 在杠杆原理的作用下， 刮刀可以一直附着于内筒体 的内表面， 当内筒体在生产过程中不断转动吋， 内壁与刮刀相对运动， 从而实 现刮刀将附着在内筒体内壁的结焦及吋除去。 同吋由于配重块的存在， 当筒体 发生变形吋， 刮刀也不会脱离内筒体的内壁， 会随变形而调整自身的位置以起 到不间断清焦的目的。
[22] 所述的配重块通过轴安装在摇臂上， 也可通过其他方式连接， 这样当内筒体出 现变形或内筒体内壁附着刮刀无法去除的焦体吋， 配重块可以快速的调整自身 位置来调节刮刀的位置， 特别是当出现刮刀无法去除的焦体吋， 刮刀可以自动 退回避开该焦体， 防止刮刀的损坏及对筒体的损伤， 当刮刀通过该焦体后又可 以在配重块的作用下自动附着于内壁， 继续清焦作业。
[23] 裂解器转动内筒内腔中固定有支架， 支臂通过活动连接的方式装于支架上， 支 架呈轮辐状， 支臂装于支架的圆心。 固定支架为裂解器的一般设计， 这样可以 保证在裂解器内筒体长度的同时， 提供更大的强度以实现连续生产， 这些支架 起到对转动内筒的支撑作用， 而上述的清焦装置一般通过活动连接的方式装于 支架上这样即可以保证两者间不会相互的影响， 又保证了裂解器转动内筒的强 度； 支架呈轮辐状， 支臂装于支架的圆心， 这样可以更好的使支臂避开支架， 且方便刮刀的运动； 由于支架在裂解器中是间断设置的， 因此， 所采用的清焦 机构也是间断设置的， 为了保证刮刀清焦的效果， 可以使刮刀的长度延裂解器 的轴向延长， 以起到对两套支架间内筒体内壁的清焦， 也可以采用在两套支架 间设置多套清焦机构的方式实现， 可视具体生产工艺而定。
[24] 采用这种工艺及设备后， 充分的利用了裂解器内的余热， 调节了整个裂解过程 中的反应温度， 大大降低了温差， 从而限制了反应过程中由于温差过大而产生 的结焦现象的出现， 辅以设备内的特殊清焦装置， 彻底解决了裂解反应器内结 焦问题的出现， 从而提高了反应的效率， 减轻了设备的负荷， 提高了设备的使 用寿命， 降低了生产成本， 降低了能耗。
[25] 附图说明
[26] 图 1为本发明所述防结焦设备的结构示意图；
[27] 图 2为本发明所述裂解器内清焦设备的结构示意图。
[28] 图中 1、 加热炉， 2和 4、 回风管路， 3、 回热风机， 5、 热风出口， 6、 排风管路 ， 7、 裂解器， 8、 裂解器封头， 9、 裂解器转动内筒， 10、 支架， 11、 配重块， 12、 摇臂， 13、 刮刀， 14、 支臂；
[29] 图 2中箭头为裂解器内腔的转动方向。
[30] 具体实施方式
[31] 工艺实施例 1
[32] 一种防结焦工艺， 将裂解器排出的热风通过管路直接输送至裂解器热风进口， 与即将送入裂解器的高温热风在进入裂解器前混合， 之后进入裂解器热风腔。 经测量， 裂解器排出的热风温度为 410-420°C， 加热器出风口处 （混合前） 温度 为 1200°C, 经混合后， 作用于裂解器内壁的热风温度为 500-550°C， 裂解器油气 出口温度为 380-400°C。 裂解器内壁结焦现象有所改善。
[33] 工艺实施例 2 [34] 一种防结焦工艺， 将裂解器排出的热风通过管路直接输送至回热风机， 通过回 热风机提高风量后送至裂解器热风进口， 与即将送入裂解器的高温热风在进入 裂解器前混合， 之后进入裂解器热风腔。 经测量， 裂解器排出的热风温度为 415- 420°C, 加热器出风口处热风温度为 1300°C， 经回热风机提髙风量后， 再经混合 后， 作用于裂解器内壁的热风温度为 520-540°C , 裂解器油气出口温度为 380-400 。C。 裂解器内壁结焦现象有所改善。
[35] 工艺实施例 3
[36] 一种防结焦工艺， 通过温控装置测量裂解器各热风出口的温度， 通过风控阀调 节个出风口风量， 将个出风口排出的热风通过管路混合后直接输送至回热风机 ， 通过回热风机提高风量后送至裂解器热风进口， 与即将送入裂解器的高温热 风在进入裂解器前在混风室内混合， 之后进入裂解器热风腔。 经测量， 裂解器 排出的热风温度为 400-410°C , 加热器出风口处热风温度为 1270°C， 经回热风机 提高风量后， 裂解器排出的热风与即将送入裂解器的高温热风风量比为 2-2.5 : 1 再经混合后， 作用于裂解器内壁的热风温度为 500-530°C , 裂解器油气出口温度 为 380-400°C。 裂解器内壁结焦现象较未采用该工艺吋降低 55%。
[37] 工艺实施例 4
[38] 一种防结焦工艺， 通过温控装置测量裂解器各热风出口的温度， 通过风控阀调 节个出风口风量， 将个出风口排出的热风通过管路混合后直接输送至回热风机 ， 通过回热风机提高风量后送至裂解器热风进口， 与即将送入裂解器的高温热 风在进入裂解器前混合， 根据回热风机送入的裂解器排出的热风量， 调节高温 热风输入阀， 是二者风量比为 2.5-3 : 1， 之后进入裂解器热风腔。 经测量， 裂解 器排出的热风温度为 400-410°C， 加热器出风口处热风温度为 1350°C， 经混合后 ， 作用于裂解器内壁的热风温度为 530-550°C， 裂解器油气出口温度为 380-400°C 。 裂解器内壁结焦现象较未采用该工艺吋降低 60%。
[39] 为防止其他原因在裂解器转动内筒内壁产生结焦， 本工艺还采用设置在裂解器 转动内筒内壁的清理机构进行连续清焦， 该清理机构釆用与裂解器内壁配合刮 刀进行清焦， 该刮刀自动适应内壁表面且连续且作用于内壁， 这种刮刀可以在 不损伤内壁的情况下对内壁进行清焦。 [40] 工艺实施例 5
[41] 一种防结焦工艺， 通过温控装置测量裂解器各热风出口的温度， 通过风控阔调 节个出风口风量， 将个出风口排出的热风通过管路混合后直接输送至回热风机 ， 通过回热风机提高风量后送至裂解器热风进口， 与即将送入裂解器的高温热 风在进入裂解器前混合， 根据回热风机送入的裂解器排出的热风量， 调节高温 热风输入阀， 是二者风量比为 6-7: 1， 之后进入裂解器热风腔。 经测量， 裂解器 排出的热风温度为 400-410°C, 加热器出风口处热风温度为 1350°C， 经混合后， 进入裂解的热风温度为 520°C， 裂解器油气出口温度为 380-400°C。 裂解器内温差 为 120°C， 裂解器内壁结焦现象明显降低， 较未采用该工艺吋降低 70%。
[42] 为防止其他原因在裂解器转动内筒内壁产生结焦， 本工艺还采用设置在裂解器 转动内筒内壁的清理机构进行连续清焦， 该清理机构采用与裂解器内壁配合刮 刀进行清焦， 该刮刀自动适应内壁表面且连续且作用于内壁， 这种刮刀可以在 不损伤内壁的情况下对内壁进行清焦。
[43] 设备实施例 1
[44] 针对工艺实施例 1提供一种应用该工艺设计的设备， 包括带有转动内筒的裂解 器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有一个的热风出口， 该热风出口通过回风 管路与进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔裂为解器热源 --加热炉的一部分管路， 并通 过管路与裂解器内的热风腔连接。
[45] 设备实施例 2
[46] 针对工艺实施例 1提供一种应用该工艺设计设备， 包括带有转动内筒的裂解器 ， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 3个的热风出口， 每个热风出口处设置有风 量调节陶， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与回热风机连接， 之后通 过管路与进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 并与裂解器内 的热风腔连接。
[47] 设备实施例 3
[48] 针对工艺实施例 2提供一种应用该工艺设计的防结焦设备， 包括带有转动内筒 的裂解器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 4个的热风出口， 每个热风出口处 设置有风量调节筒， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与裂解器热风腔 热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 进风混合 腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热炉的高温热风在进 风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机。
[49] 设备实施例 4
[50] 针对工艺实施例 2和 3提供一种应用其工艺设计的防结焦设备， 包括带有转动内 筒的裂解器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 2个的热风出口， 每个热风出口 处设置有风量调节阀， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与裂解器热风 腔热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 进风混 合腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热炉的高温热风在 进风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机， 回热风机上还设置有排风管。
[51] 设备实施例 5
[52] 针对工艺实施例 4和 5提供一种应用其工艺设计及自动清焦的设备， 包括带有转 动内筒的裂解器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 2个的热风出口， 每个热风 出口处设置有风量调节阔， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与裂解器 热风腔热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 进 风混合腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热炉的高温热 风在进风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机， 回风管路上通过回热风机 连接有排风管。
[53] 所述的裂解器转动内筒安装在其两端的固定封头上， 内筒中设置有与封头固定 连接的支臂， 以及中部与支臂通过轴连接的摇臂， 摇臂一端设置有配重块， 另 一端设置有能够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮刀。
[54] 设备实施例 6
[55] 针对工艺实施例 4和 5提供一种应用其工艺设计及自动清焦的设备， 包括带有转 动内筒的裂解器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 2个的热风出口， 每个热风 出口处设置有风量调节阀， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与裂解器 热风腔热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 进 风混合腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热炉的高温热 风在进风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机， 回风管路上通过回热风机 连接有排风管。
[56] 裂解器转动内筒内腔中固定有支架， 支架呈轮辐状； 裂解器转动内筒安装在其 两端的固定封头上， 内筒中设置有与封头固定连接的支臂， 支臂通过活动连接 的方式装于支架上； 支臂中部有通过轴连接的摇臂， 摇臂一端设置有配重块， 另一端设置有能够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮刀， 配 重块通过轴安装在摇臂上。
[57] 设备实施例 7
[58] 针对工艺实施例 4和 5提供一种应用其工艺设计及自动清焦的设备， 包括带有转 动内筒的裂解器， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 4个的热风出口， 每个热风 出口处设置有风量调节阔， 各热风出口通过管路连接并通过回风管路与裂解器 热风腔热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉进风口， 进 风混合腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热炉的高温热 风在进风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机， 回风管路上通过回热风机 连接有排风管。
[59] 裂解器转动内筒内腔中固定有支架， 支架呈轮辐状； 裂解器转动内筒安装在其 两端的固定封头上， 内筒中设置有与封头固定连接的支臂， 支臂通过活动连接 的方式装于支架上且支臂装于支架的圆心， 每个支架前端均安装有一个支臂； 支臂中部有通过轴连接的摇臂， 摇臂一端设置有配重块， 另一端设置有能够与 裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮刀， 配重块通过轴安装在摇 臂上， 刮刀的延裂解器轴向的长度与相邻两个支架间的距离相同。
[60] 设备实施例 8
[61] 针对工艺实施例 4和 5提供一种应用其工艺设计及自动清焦的设备， 包括带有转 动内筒 9的裂解器 7， 在裂解器热风腔的腔体外壁设置有 4个的热风出口 5， 每个 热风出口处设置有风量调节阀， 各热风出口 5通过管路连接并通过回风管路 2和 4 与与裂解器热风腔热风进口前的进风混合腔连接， 进风混合腔一端带有加热炉 1 进风口， 进风混合腔与裂解器内的热风腔连接， 裂解器出口回收的热风与加热 炉的高温热风在进风混合腔混合， 回风管路上连接有回热风机 3 , 回风管路上通 过回热风机连接有排风管路 6。 裂解器转动内筒 9内腔中固定有支架 10， 支架 10呈轮辐状； 裂解器转动内筒 9安 装在其两端的固定封头上， 内筒 9中设置有与封头 8固定连接的支臂 14， 支臂 14 通过活动连接的方式装于支架 10上且支臂装于支架 10的圆心， 相邻两个支架间 安装有 3个支臂； 支臂 14中部有通过轴连接的摇臂 12， 摇臂 12的一端设置有配重 块 11， 另一端设置有能够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮 刀 13， 配重块 11通过轴安装在摇臂 12上， 3个支臂上的刮刀， 其延裂解器轴向的 长度之和与相邻两个支架间的距离相同。

Claims

权利要求书
[Claim 1] 1 . 一种油化装备防结焦工艺， 其特征在于： 釆用将裂解过程排出 的热风与即将送入裂解器的高温热风在进入裂解器前混合， 降低 裂解器内温差的方式实现。
[Claim 2] 2.根据权利要求 1所述的防结焦工艺， 其特征在于： 裂解过程排出 的热风通过调节风量后与高温热风混合。
[Claim 3] 3. 根据权利要求 1所述的防结焦工艺， 其特征在于： 裂解过程中 通过清理机构对裂解器内壁进行清焦。
[Claim 4] 4. 根据权利要求 3所述的防结焦工艺， 其特征在于： 所述清焦过 程为自动连续清焦。
[Claim 5] 5. 根据权利要求 4所述的防结焦工艺， 其特征是： 所述自动连续 清焦通过自动适应裂解器内壁表面的刮刀实现。
[Claim 6] 6.—种应用权利要求 1所述油化装备防结焦工艺的设备， 包括带有 转动内筒的裂解器 （7) , 其特征在于： 在裂解器 （7) 热风腔的 腔体外壁设置有至少一个的热风出口 （5) , 热风出口 （5) 通过 回风管路 （4) 与进风混合腔连通， 进风混合腔带有加热炉进风口 并与热风腔进风口相连。
[Claim 7] 7.根据权利要求 6所述的设备， 其特征在于： 热风出口 （5) 处设置 有风量调节阀。
[Claim 8] 8.根据权利要求 6或 7所述的设备， 其特征在于： 所述的回风管路 （
4) 上设置有风量调节装置。
[Claim 9] 9.根据权利要求 6或 7或 8所述的设备， 其特征在于： 所述的回风管 路 （4) 上通过风量调节装置连接排风管路 （6) 。
10.根据权利要求 6所述的设备， 其特征在于： 所述的裂解器转动内 筒 （9) 安装在其两端的固定封头上， 内筒 （9) 中设置有与封头
(8) 固定连接的支臂 （14) 以及中部与支臂 （14) 连接的摇臂 （ 12) , 摇臂 （12) 的一端设置有配重块 （11) , 另一端设置有能 够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相对运动并与之配合的刮刀 （13)
[Claim 11] 11、 根据权利要求 10所述的设备， 其特征在于： 所述的配重块 （1 1) 通过轴安装在摇臂 （12) 上。
[Claim 12] 12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的设备， 其特征在于： 裂解器转动 内筒 （9) 内腔中固定有支架 （10) ， 支臂 （14) 通过活动连接的 方式装于支架 （10) 上。
[Claim 13] 13、 根据权利要求 12所述的设备， 其特征是： 支架 （10) 呈轮辐 状， 支臂 （14) 装于支架 （10) 的圆心。
[Claim 14] 14、一种油化装备中的自动清焦设备， 其特征在于： 它包括设置在 裂解器转动内筒 （9) 中与封头 （8) 固定连接的支臂 （14) 以及 中部与支臂 （14) 连接的摇臂 （12) ， 摇臂 （12) 的一端设置有 配重块 （11) ， 另一端设置有能够与裂解器转动内筒圆形内壁相 对运动并与之配合的刮刀 （13) 。
[Claim 15] 15、 根据权利要求 14所述的自动清焦设备， 其特征在于： 所述的 配重块 （11) 通过轴安装在摇臂 （12) 上。
[Claim 16] 16、 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的自动清焦设备， 其特征在于： 所 述的裂解器转动内筒 （9) 安装在其两端的固定封头上， 裂解器转 动内筒 （9) 内腔中固定有支架 （10) , 支臂 （14) 通过活动连接 的方式装于支架 （10) 上。
[Claim 17] 17、 根据权利要求 16所述的自动清焦设备， 其特征是： 支架 （10
) 呈轮辐状， 支臂 （14) 装于支架 （10) 的圆心。
PCT/CN2009/074341 2009-07-15 2009-09-30 废橡胶或废塑料油化防结焦的工艺及其设备，以及油化设备的除焦机构 WO2011006313A1 (zh)

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