WO2011004614A1 - 光90度ハイブリッド回路 - Google Patents
光90度ハイブリッド回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011004614A1 WO2011004614A1 PCT/JP2010/004489 JP2010004489W WO2011004614A1 WO 2011004614 A1 WO2011004614 A1 WO 2011004614A1 JP 2010004489 W JP2010004489 W JP 2010004489W WO 2011004614 A1 WO2011004614 A1 WO 2011004614A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/613—Coherent receivers including phase diversity, e.g., having in-phase and quadrature branches, as in QPSK coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/65—Intradyne, i.e. coherent receivers with a free running local oscillator having a frequency close but not phase-locked to the carrier signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit constituting an optical receiver used for a coherent reception method in an optical transmission system. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that has a function of monitoring a phase difference between an In-phase output and a Quadrature output in addition to the optical 90-degree hybrid function.
- Optical multi-level modulation schemes are attracting attention for the realization of ultra high-speed optical transmission systems of 100 Gbit / s or higher.
- coherent reception methods such as DP-QPSK (Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying) have attracted attention because of their superior optical noise tolerance and superior chromatic dispersion distortion compensation capability through electrical signal processing after photoelectric conversion. Consideration for application is intensifying.
- the optical receiver used for the coherent reception method includes a local oscillation light generator that generates local oscillation light, a polarization splitter that separates signal light and local oscillation light into different output ports according to the polarization state, and signal light 90-degree hybrid circuit for combining optical oscillation and local oscillation light, a photoelectric conversion unit for converting an output signal from the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit into an electrical signal, and an electrical signal output from the photoelectric conversion unit for conversion into a digital signal And a digital arithmetic (DSP: Digital Signal Processing) circuit for calculating a digital signal.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- a planar lightwave circuit composed of an optical waveguide fabricated on a planar substrate is superior to the above-described spatial optical system in terms of mass productivity and reliability.
- PLC planar lightwave circuit
- the adoption of a PLC type optical 90-degree hybrid circuit increases the possibility of integration of, for example, a polarization beam splitter and a photoelectric conversion unit compared to a spatial optical system, and provides a smaller optical receiver. It becomes possible. From such a background, practical application of a PLC type optical 90-degree hybrid circuit is expected.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional PLC type optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- This conventional PLC type optical 90-degree hybrid circuit is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 relates to an optical delay interference circuit used for demodulation of a DQPSK (Differential / Quadrature / Phase-Shift / Keying) signal. This itself does not correspond to the components constituting the optical receiver used in the coherent reception system, but it functions as an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that multiplexes two light waves and separates them into an In-phase component and a Quadrature component. It is included in a part of the circuit.
- the In-phase component is expressed as “I component”
- the Quadrature component is expressed as “Q component”.
- FIG. 1 shows an extracted configuration of only the circuit portion necessary for realizing the optical 90-degree hybrid function in the optical circuit described in Patent Document 1.
- the signal light input from the outside of the PLC is branched into two by the optical splitter 2a through the input waveguide 1a.
- the local oscillation light input from the outside of the PLC is branched into two by the optical splitter 2b through the input waveguide 1b.
- the light branched into two by the optical splitter 2a is input to the two optical couplers 3a and 3b via the arm waveguides 10a and 10b.
- the light branched into two by the optical splitter 2b is input to the two optical couplers 3a and 3b via the arm waveguides 10c and 10d.
- the signal light and the local oscillation light input to the optical coupler 3a and the optical coupler 3b are combined and interfere with each other, and are branched into two so that the phase difference of the interference light is 180 degrees. Is done. Interference light between the signal light and the local oscillation light output from the optical coupler 3a is formed as an external circuit via the output waveguides 4a and 5a, and is output to the differential light receiving unit 6a that functions as a photoelectric conversion unit. Is done. Interference light between the signal light and the local oscillation light output from the optical coupler 3b is formed as an external circuit via the output waveguides 4b and 5b and output to the differential light receiving unit 6b functioning as a photoelectric conversion unit. Is done.
- a 90-degree phase shift unit 7 is provided in any of the four arm waveguides 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d.
- the interference light output from the optical coupler 3a and the optical coupler 3b via the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b is differentially detected by the differential photodetectors 6a and 6b. It is possible to separate the I component and Q component of the modulated signal.
- the waveguide lengths of the two arm waveguides 10a and 10b that transmit the signal light branched by the optical splitter 2a are equalized, and the optical splitter 2b
- the waveguide lengths of the two arm waveguides 10c and 10d that transmit the branched local oscillation light need to be equal except for the 90-degree phase shift unit 7.
- light for receiving a differential phase modulation signal such as DQPSK. It can also be used as an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit constituting the delay interference circuit.
- the 90-degree phase shift unit 7 is installed for the purpose of changing the optical path length through which the propagation light passes by ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ 1/4 + m).
- ⁇ represents the wavelength of the signal light or the local oscillation light
- m represents an integer.
- phase difference between the In-phase output and the Quadrature output (hereinafter referred to as “IQ phase difference”) is measured with high accuracy. It is indispensable that the technique to perform is indispensable and it is industrially preferable that the technique is simple.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a method of measuring IQ phase difference of a conventional optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- the optical delay circuit unit 13 including the optical splitter 11, the delay line 12, and the optical waveguide 15 is replaced with the conventional optical 90-degree hybrid circuit 8 shown in FIG. Are coupled to the input waveguides 1a and 1b.
- the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit 8 shown in FIG.
- An object of the present invention is to construct an optical delay interference circuit by inputting the signals into the input waveguides 1a and 1b.
- the optical path length of the delay line 12 and the optical path length of the optical waveguide 15 are designed to be different.
- the circuit configuration shown in FIG. It functions as an optical delay interferometer that receives a DQPSK modulated signal.
- the optical delay interference circuit By using the optical delay interference circuit, the relative phase difference of the light output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b based on the transmission spectrum output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b. Can be calculated.
- the optical delay circuit unit 13 After the IQ phase difference evaluation, the optical delay circuit unit 13 is removed to function as the optical 90 degree hybrid circuit shown in FIG.
- the conventional IQ phase difference evaluation method shown in FIG. It is necessary to remove the optical delay circuit unit 13 after the evaluation. Furthermore, after removing the optical delay circuit unit 13, there arises a problem that the IQ phase difference evaluation of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit cannot be performed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that has an optical 90-degree hybrid function and a function of monitoring an IQ phase difference.
- a circuit configuration suitable for adding an IQ phase difference monitoring function is proposed.
- the present invention provides a first input waveguide, at least two first input ports, and at least two first output ports.
- a first branching optical coupler having a first input waveguide connected to one of the first input ports and branching the light input to the first input waveguide.
- a second demultiplexing optical coupler comprising: a demultiplexing optical coupler; a second input waveguide; at least two second input ports; and at least two second output ports.
- the second input waveguide is connected to one of the second input ports, the second branching optical coupler for branching the light input to the second input waveguide, and the first output port
- Two first arm waveguides connected to two of the two and two connected to two of the second output ports
- the second arm waveguide, two first arm waveguides, and two second arm waveguides are installed in one of the four, and the phase of light is shifted 90 degrees.
- a phase shifter a first optical coupler connected to one of the two first arm waveguides and one of the two second arm waveguides, and two first arm guides
- a second optical coupler connected to the other of the waveguides and the other of the two second arm waveguides, a third input waveguide, and a third input waveguide connected to the third input waveguide
- An optical splitter that splits the light input to the waveguide into two; a first optical waveguide that connects the optical splitter to one of the remaining ports of the first input port; an optical splitter and a second input port;
- a second optical waveguide connected to one of the remaining ports of the optical path, the optical path length of the first optical waveguide and the optical path length of the second optical waveguide Is a light quadrature hybrid circuit, wherein different.
- the first demultiplexing optical coupler has two first input ports, and the input light is polarized.
- a first polarization splitter that branches into two according to a wave state; and a first splitter that is connected to the first polarization splitter and splits the input light into two.
- the demultiplexing optical coupler has two second input ports, and includes a second polarization splitter that splits the input light into two according to the polarization state, and a second polarization splitter.
- An optical 90-degree hybrid circuit comprising a second splitter connected to branch input light into two.
- the second demultiplexing optical coupler includes an optical attenuator for adjusting the intensity level of the input light, and an optical attenuation
- the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit is composed of an optical splitter connected to the optical device and splitting the input light into two.
- the invention according to claim 4 is a first demultiplexing optical coupler having a first input waveguide, at least two first input ports, and at least two first output ports.
- the first input waveguide is connected to one of the first input ports, and the first input optical coupler for branching the light input to the first input waveguide, and the second input waveguide.
- a second demultiplexing optical coupler having a waveguide, at least two second input ports, and at least two second output ports, wherein the second input waveguide is a second input port.
- a first optical coupler for branching light that is connected to one and splits the light input to the second input waveguide, and two first optical couplers connected to two of the first output ports.
- Arm waveguides, two second arm waveguides connected to two of the second output ports, and two second arms A 90-degree phase shift unit that is installed in any one of the waveguides and shifts the phase of light by 90 degrees; one of the two first arm waveguides; and the two second arm waveguides A first optical coupler connected to one of the two, a second optical coupler connected to the other of the two first arm waveguides and the other of the two second arm waveguides; A third input waveguide, an optical splitter connected to the third input waveguide and splitting the light input to the third input waveguide into two, and the remainder of the optical splitter and the first input port A first optical waveguide connecting one of the first and second optical waveguides connecting the optical splitter and one of the remaining ports of the second input port.
- An optical 90-degree hive characterized in that the optical path length of the waveguide differs from the optical path length of the two second arm waveguides A head circuit.
- an optical coupler including two or more input ports and two or more output ports is used as an optical splitter that branches light input to the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- an optical splitter that splits the IQ phase difference monitoring light into two, an optical waveguide that couples one of the branched lights to the input port of the optical coupler, and another of the branched lights as another An optical waveguide to be coupled to the input port of the optical coupler is disposed.
- the optical path length of the two paths after the light for IQ phase difference monitoring is branched into two is designed to be different from each other up to the optical coupler for causing the signal light and the local oscillation light to interfere with each other.
- a circuit configuration is provided that functions as an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit and also has a function of monitoring the IQ phase difference.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a conventional optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a method of measuring an IQ phase difference of a conventional optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing another optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a circuit in which the PBS function is integrated in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a circuit in which the VOA function is integrated in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a transmission spectrum measurement result of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a transmission spectrum measurement result of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the related art.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result of IQ phase difference of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result of IQ phase difference of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the related art.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result of IQ phase difference of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result of IQ phase difference of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating an evaluation result of IQ phase difference of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the present invention provides an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that has an optical 90-degree hybrid function and a function of monitoring an IQ phase difference.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit to which an IQ phase difference monitoring function according to the present invention is added.
- the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit 8 according to the present invention includes an optical splitter 11 coupled to a monitor light input waveguide 18, a delay line 12 and an optical waveguide 15 connected to the optical splitter 11, and a delay line via an input port.
- a 90-degree phase shift unit 7 installed in the arm waveguide 10d, output waveguides 4a and 5a coupled to the optical coupler 3a, and output waveguides 4b and 5b coupled to the optical coupler 3b. Is provided.
- the signal light input from outside the PLC is input via the optical waveguide 16 to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a coupled to the input waveguide 14b.
- the local oscillation light input from the outside of the PLC is input via the optical waveguide 17 to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b coupled to the input waveguide 14c.
- the signal light input to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a is branched.
- the local oscillation light input to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b is branched.
- One of the lights branched by the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a is input to the optical coupler 3a via the arm waveguide 10a, and the other one is input to the optical coupler 3b via the arm waveguide 10b. Entered.
- One of the lights branched by the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b is input to the optical coupler 3a via the arm waveguide 10c, and the other one is supplied to the arm waveguide 10d via the arm waveguide 10d.
- the phase is shifted 90 degrees by the 90-degree phase shift unit 7 in the middle, and is input to the optical coupler 3b.
- the two lights input to the optical coupler 3a are combined to become interference light.
- the two lights input to the optical coupler 3b are combined to become interference light.
- the interference light output from the optical coupler 3a is output to the differential light receiving unit 6a via the output waveguides 4a and 5a.
- the interference light output from the optical coupler 3b is output to the differential light receiving unit 6b via the output waveguides 4b and 5b.
- the monitor light input from the outside of the PLC is input to the optical splitter 11 via the monitor light input waveguide 18 and branched into two.
- One of the monitor lights branched into two is input via the delay line 12 to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a coupled to the input waveguide 14a.
- the other of the monitor light branched into two is input via the optical waveguide 15 to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b coupled to the input waveguide 14c.
- the monitor light input to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a is branched.
- the monitor light input to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b is branched.
- One of the monitor lights branched by the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a is input to the optical coupler 3a via the arm waveguide 10a, and the other one is the optical coupler 3b via the arm waveguide 10b. Is input.
- One of the lights branched by the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b is input to the optical coupler 3a via the arm waveguide 10c, and the other one is supplied to the arm waveguide 10d via the arm waveguide 10d.
- the phase is shifted 90 degrees by the 90-degree phase shift unit 7 in the middle, and is input to the optical coupler 3b.
- the two lights input to the optical coupler 3a are combined to become interference light.
- the two lights input to the optical coupler 3b are combined to become interference light.
- the interference light output from the optical coupler 3a is output to the differential light receiving unit 6a via the output waveguides 4a and 5a.
- the interference light output from the optical coupler 3b is output to the differential light receiving unit 6b via the output waveguides 4b and 5b.
- the delay line 12 delays one of the lights branched by the optical splitter 11 and gives a phase difference to the other branched light.
- the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b have two or more input ports and two or more output ports.
- the differential light receiving units 6a and 6b are formed as external circuits, function as photoelectric conversion units, detect differentially the interference light output from each of the optical coupler 3a and the optical coupler 3b, and input modulation signals The I component and the Q component are separated.
- the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b are provided with two or more input ports in place of the optical splitter for the purpose of branching the signal light and the local oscillation light. It is the point that was introduced.
- the monitor light input waveguide 18, the optical splitter 11, the delay line 12, and the optical waveguide 15 are simultaneously configured in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit 8. Is possible. In the configuration of the present invention, it is necessary to connect the delay line 12 and the optical waveguide 15 to different input ports of the demultiplexing optical couplers.
- the monitor light that does not interfere with the signal light and the local oscillation light By inputting the monitor light that does not interfere with the signal light and the local oscillation light to the monitor light input waveguide 18, it is possible to monitor the IQ phase difference without hindering the optical 90-degree hybrid function. As a matter of course, when the signal light and the local oscillation light are not inputted, the IQ phase difference can be monitored even if the light wave that interferes with the signal light or the local oscillation light is inputted.
- a directional coupler or an MMI (Multi-Mode-Interference) coupler having two or more input ports and two or more output ports may be used as the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b. it can.
- MMI Multi-Mode-Interference
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the present invention.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is that the optical waveguide 16 is connected to the input waveguide 14a of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a, and the optical waveguide 17 is connected to the input waveguide 14d of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b. It is different.
- the delay line 12 is connected to the input port of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a
- the optical waveguide 15 is connected to the input port of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b
- the signal light and the local oscillation light Light waves that do not interfere are input to the monitor light input waveguide 18.
- the optical waveguide 16 and the delay line 12 intersect. However, even if the optical waveguide 16 is detoured so that they do not intersect with each other, the optical waveguide 16 and the delay line 12 are connected. The effect of the invention is not impaired.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical waveguide 16 is connected to the input waveguide 14a of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a, and the optical waveguide 17 is connected to the input waveguide 14c of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b.
- the delay line 12 is connected to the input port of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a
- the optical waveguide 15 is connected to the input port of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9b
- the signal light and the local oscillation light Light waves that do not interfere are input to the monitor light input waveguide 18.
- the optical waveguide 16 and the delay line 12 intersect. However, even if the optical waveguide 16 is detoured so that they do not intersect with each other and connected to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a, The effect of the invention is not impaired.
- the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 includes two optical splitters 2a and 2b for branching the signal light and the local oscillation light used in the prior art of FIG.
- the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b having the above input ports are replaced.
- an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that can realize IQ phase difference evaluation simultaneously with the optical hybrid function has been realized.
- the present invention is not limited to the above configuration example, and the optical splitter for branching the light input from the outside of the PLC in the light propagation path may be replaced with a demultiplexing optical coupler. An effect can be expressed.
- a specific example thereof will be described.
- PBS Polarization Beam Splitter
- a circuit in which PBS is integrated in an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit becomes an important component of an optical receiver, particularly in a polarization multiplexing coherent reception system represented by the DP-QPSK modulation system.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a circuit in which the PBS function is integrated in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the present invention.
- the PBS function developing unit 24a includes a PBS input optical coupler 19a, a waveguide birefringence control mechanism 20a, a PBS optical coupler 21a, and PBS output waveguides 22a and 22b.
- the PBS function developing unit 24b includes a PBS input optical coupler 19b, a waveguide birefringence control mechanism 20b, a PBS optical coupler 21b, and PBS output waveguides 22c and 22d.
- the optical waveguide 16 is connected to the PBS input optical coupler 19a
- the optical waveguide 17 is connected to the PBS input optical coupler 19b
- the optical splitter 2a is connected to the PBS output waveguide 22b
- the optical splitter 2b is connected to the PBS output waveguide 22d.
- connection method between the PBS output waveguides 22a and 22b and the optical splitter 2a and the connection method between the PBS output waveguides 22c and 22d and the optical splitter 2b the same polarization is input to the optical splitters 2a and 2b. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection points.
- the first important point for realizing the effect of the present invention is that the PBS input optical couplers 19a and 19b, in which input light from outside the PLC is branched in the propagation path, are provided with two or more input ports. It is that you are.
- the second point is that the delay line 12 and the optical waveguide 15 are connected to the ports to which the signal light and the local oscillation light are not input at the input ports of the PBS input optical couplers 19a and 19b.
- the optical propagation path is not connected after the PBS output waveguides 22a and 22c, but the input waveguide and the PBS output waveguide 22a constituting another optical 90-degree hybrid circuit are optically connected. It is possible to optically connect the input waveguide and the PBS output waveguide 22c that are connected and constitute another optical 90-degree hybrid circuit. Thereby, it is possible to simultaneously monitor IQ phase differences of other optical 90-degree hybrid circuits.
- an optical 90-degree hybrid is provided.
- a method for producing the effect of the present invention in an optical circuit in which a variable optical attenuator (VOA) is integrated in the circuit will be described.
- VOA variable optical attenuator
- the integration of the VOA function with respect to the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit is an important function particularly for the purpose of protecting electronic circuits connected after the photoelectric conversion section in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit to which high intensity local oscillation light is input. It is addition.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a circuit in which the VOA function is integrated in the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit according to the present invention.
- the VOA function expression unit 29 includes a VOA input optical coupler 25, an output light intensity adjustment mechanism 26, a VOA optical coupler 27, and VOA output waveguides 28a and 28b.
- the operation principle of the VOA function manifesting part is irrelevant to the effect of the present invention, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the operation principle of the VOA function expression unit is described in Non-Patent Document 3, for example.
- the VOA function and the optical 90-degree hybrid function are achieved.
- An integrated optical circuit is realized.
- the first important point for realizing the effect of the present invention is that the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a and the VOA input optical coupler 25 are provided with two or more input ports.
- the second point is that the delay line 12 and the optical waveguide 15 are connected to the ports to which the signal light and the local oscillation light are not input at the input ports of the demultiplexing optical coupler 9a and the VOA input optical coupler 25, respectively. It is a point that has been.
- the delay line 12 it is necessary to connect the delay line 12 to the demultiplexing optical coupler 9 a and connect the optical waveguide 15 to the VOA input optical coupler 25.
- the IQ phase difference can be monitored without hindering the VOA function and the optical 90-degree hybrid function.
- the input positions of the signal light and the local oscillation light are defined.
- the I component and Q that are orthogonal to each other It is clear that the function of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit for separating the components is fulfilled, and the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit having an IQ phase difference monitoring function according to Example 1 actually manufactured.
- an MMI coupler having two input ports and two output ports is used as the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b.
- PLC technology was used to fabricate the optical 90 degree hybrid circuit. Specifically, a quartz glass waveguide was produced on a silicon substrate by using a flame deposition method and reactive ion etching. The cross-sectional shape of the core is a 4.5 ⁇ m square, and the relative refractive index difference is 1.5%. The core was embedded with overclad glass having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- monitor light was input to the monitor light input waveguide, and transmission spectra output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b were measured. Based on the measured transmission spectrum output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b, the relative phase difference of the light output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b can be calculated. Become.
- FIG. 9A shows a transmission spectrum measurement result of the produced optical 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit (FIG. 2) having an optical circuit delay circuit of the prior art is fabricated by the same fabrication process as that of the first embodiment of the present invention, and the phase difference between the outputs. Evaluated. The results are also shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- the delay line 12 and the optical waveguide 15 are set so that the output spectrum FSR (Free Spectral Range) of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit with the optical delay circuit section is about 120 GHz in both the first embodiment of the present invention and the configuration of the conventional technology.
- the optical path length difference was designed.
- FIG. 9A shows the transmission spectrum measurement result of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit in Example 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 9B shows the transmission spectrum measurement result of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit in the prior art.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are plots of the phase difference between the outputs calculated from the transmission spectrum measurement results shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, respectively, as a function of the input light wavelength.
- FIG. 10A shows an IQ phase difference evaluation result in Example 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 10B shows an IQ phase difference evaluation result in the configuration of the prior art.
- the IQ phase difference evaluation result in the first embodiment of the present invention and the IQ phase difference evaluation result in the configuration of the prior art coincide with each other, and the IQ phase difference is monitored without inhibiting the function of the optical 90-degree hybrid.
- the effect of the circuit configuration of the invention was also confirmed experimentally.
- the demultiplexing optical couplers 9a and 9b constituting the present invention are not limited to the MMI coupler, and two input ports, two output ports, It is also possible to use a directional coupler with
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit having an IQ phase difference monitoring function and a PBS function according to Example 2 actually manufactured.
- This configuration includes two optical 90-degree hybrid circuits 8 and 8 ', and by integrating with PBS, the output light is separated according to the polarization state of the input light, and each polarization light It is possible to separate the I component and the Q component.
- the configuration of the second embodiment is an optical circuit particularly suitable as a component constituting an optical receiver in a polarization multiplexing coherent reception system typified by the DP-QPSK modulation system.
- the optical path length difference between the delay line 12 and the optical waveguide 15 was designed so that the FSR of the output spectrum of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit with the optical delay circuit unit was about 120 GHz.
- PLC technology was used to fabricate the optical 90 degree hybrid circuit. Specifically, a quartz glass waveguide was produced on a silicon substrate by using a flame deposition method and reactive ion etching. The cross-sectional shape of the core is a 4.5 ⁇ m square, and the relative refractive index difference is 1.5%. The core was embedded with overclad glass having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- monitor light is input to the monitor light input waveguide and output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuits 8, 8 ′. Measured transmission spectrum. Based on the transmission spectrum output from each output waveguide 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, the relative phase difference of the light output from each output waveguide 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b can be calculated. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 12A and 12B show the phase difference between the outputs from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuits 8 and 8 ′ in FIG. 11 calculated from the transmission spectrum measurement results.
- FIG. 6 is a plot plotted as a function of wavelength.
- 12A shows the phase difference between the outputs from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b of the optical 90-degree hybrid circuit 8 ′
- FIG. 12B shows the output waveguides 4a, 4b, The phase difference between the outputs from 5a and 5b is shown.
- the effect of the circuit configuration of the present invention to monitor the IQ phase difference without inhibiting the function of the optical 90-degree hybrid was also confirmed experimentally.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that simultaneous evaluation of IQ phase difference of two optical 90-degree hybrid circuits is realized by introducing one optical delay circuit unit.
- FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of Example 3 according to the present invention.
- the optical path lengths of the optical waveguide 15 and the delay line 12 are the same, the optical path lengths of the two first arm waveguides 10a and 10b and the two second arm waveguides 10c and 10d.
- the optical path length is different.
- the monitor light input from the monitor light input waveguide 18 is branched into two by the optical splitter 11.
- the circuit from which the light extends from the input waveguide 18 to the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b functions as a delay interferometer. That is, by measuring the transmission spectrum output from the output waveguides 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b, the phase difference between the outputs can be evaluated. Therefore, by using this embodiment, it is possible to realize the same effects of the invention as in the above-described embodiment.
- the present invention can be used as an optical 90-degree hybrid circuit that is a component of an optical receiver used in a coherent reception system in an optical transmission system.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 第1の入力導波路と、
少なくとも2つの第1の入力ポートと、少なくとも2つの第1の出力ポートとを有する第1の分波用光結合器であって、前記第1の入力導波路が前記第1の入力ポートの1つに接続され、前記第1の入力導波路に入力された光を分岐する第1の分波用光結合器と、
第2の入力導波路と、
少なくとも2つの第2の入力ポートと、少なくとも2つの第2の出力ポートとを有する第2の分波用光結合器であって、前記第2の入力導波路が前記第2の入力ポートの1つに接続され、前記第2の入力導波路に入力された光を分岐する第2の分波用光結合器と、
前記第1の出力ポートのうちの2つに接続された2本の第1のアーム導波路と、
前記第2の出力ポートのうちの2つに接続された2本の第2のアーム導波路と、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路との4本のうちの1本に設置され、光の位相を90度シフトする90度位相シフト部と、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路の一方と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路の一方とに接続された第1の光結合器と、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路の他方と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路の他方とに接続された第2の光結合器と、
第3の入力導波路と、
前記第3の入力導波路に接続され、前記第3の入力導波路に入力された光を2つに分岐する光スプリッタと、
前記光スプリッタと前記第1の入力ポートの残りのポートの1つとを接続する第1の光導波路と、
前記光スプリッタと前記第2の入力ポートの残りのポートの1つとを接続する第2の光導波路とを備え、
前記第1の光導波路の光路長と前記第2の光導波路の光路長とが異なることを特徴とする光90度ハイブリッド回路。 - 前記第1の分波用光結合器は、2つの前記第1の入力ポートを有し、入力された光を偏波状態に応じて2つに分岐する第1の偏波スプリッタと、前記第1の偏波スプリッタに接続され、入力された光を2つに分岐する第1のスプリッタとから構成され、
前記第2の分波用光結合器は、2つの前記第2の入力ポートを有し、入力された光を偏波状態に応じて2つに分岐する第2の偏波スプリッタと、前記第2の偏波スプリッタに接続され、入力された光を2つに分岐する第2のスプリッタとから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光90度ハイブリッド回路。 - 前記第2の分波用光結合器は、入力された光の強度レベルを調整する光減衰器と、前記光減衰器に接続され、入力された光を2つに分岐する光スプリッタとから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光90度ハイブリッド回路。
- 第1の入力導波路と、
少なくとも2つの第1の入力ポートと、少なくとも2つの第1の出力ポートとを有する第1の分波用光結合器であって、前記第1の入力導波路が前記第1の入力ポートの1つに接続され、前記第1の入力導波路に入力された光を分岐する第1の分波用光結合器と、
第2の入力導波路と、
少なくとも2つの第2の入力ポートと、少なくとも2つの第2の出力ポートとを有する第2の分波用光結合器であって、前記第2の入力導波路が前記第2の入力ポートの1つに接続され、前記第2の入力導波路に入力された光を分岐する第2の分波用光結合器と、
前記第1の出力ポートのうちの2つに接続された2本の第1のアーム導波路と、
前記第2の出力ポートのうちの2つに接続された2本の第2のアーム導波路と、
前記2本の第2のアーム導波路のうちのいずれか一方に設置され、光の位相を90度シフトする90度位相シフト部と、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路の一方と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路の一方とに接続された第1の光結合器と、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路の他方と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路の他方とに接続された第2の光結合器と、
第3の入力導波路と、
前記第3の入力導波路に接続され、前記第3の入力導波路に入力された光を2つに分岐する光スプリッタと、
前記光スプリッタと前記第1の入力ポートの残りのポートの1つとを接続する第1の光導波路と、
前記光スプリッタと前記第2の入力ポートの残りのポートの1つとを接続する第2の光導波路とを備え、
前記2本の第1のアーム導波路の光路長と前記2本の第2のアーム導波路の光路長とが異なることを特徴とする光90度ハイブリッド回路。
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