WO2011003827A1 - Dispositif d'arrêt pour l'arrêt libérable d'un élément mobile - Google Patents

Dispositif d'arrêt pour l'arrêt libérable d'un élément mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011003827A1
WO2011003827A1 PCT/EP2010/059450 EP2010059450W WO2011003827A1 WO 2011003827 A1 WO2011003827 A1 WO 2011003827A1 EP 2010059450 W EP2010059450 W EP 2010059450W WO 2011003827 A1 WO2011003827 A1 WO 2011003827A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
friction
friction element
locking device
friction surface
contact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/059450
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Scheck
Sebastian Heinze
Alwin Macht
Hartmut Beyersdorfer
Original Assignee
Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Coburg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Coburg filed Critical Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Coburg
Publication of WO2011003827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011003827A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/08—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts
    • E05D11/081—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts with both radial and axial friction, e.g. conical friction surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/02—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together
    • F16F7/06—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the axis of rotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/02—Lubricating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/10—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts
    • E05D11/1028—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts for maintaining the hinge in two or more positions, e.g. intermediate or fully open
    • E05D11/1078—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts for maintaining the hinge in two or more positions, e.g. intermediate or fully open the maintaining means acting parallel to the pivot
    • E05D11/1085—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts for maintaining the hinge in two or more positions, e.g. intermediate or fully open the maintaining means acting parallel to the pivot specially adapted for vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/08—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts
    • E05D2011/088—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts with automatic disengagement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/21—Brakes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/218—Holders
    • E05Y2201/22—Locks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
    • E05Y2201/232—Actuation thereof by automatically acting means
    • E05Y2201/236—Actuation thereof by automatically acting means using force or torque
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/25—Mechanical means for force or torque adjustment therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/252—Type of friction
    • E05Y2201/26—Mechanical friction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/262—Type of motion, e.g. braking
    • E05Y2201/266—Type of motion, e.g. braking rotary
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/47—Springs
    • E05Y2201/488—Traction springs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/10—Additional functions
    • E05Y2800/108—Lubrication
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/205—Combinations of elements forming a unit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/531—Doors

Definitions

  • Locking device for releasably locking an adjustment
  • the invention relates to a locking device for releasably locking an adjustment part, in particular a movable with respect to a motor vehicle structure motor vehicle part, which is locked by means of the locking device within a displacement range in a respective achieved by displacement rest position, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a locking device comprises at least a first friction element and a second friction element rotatable relative to the first friction element, which has a circumferential (outer) friction surface, which is encompassed by an associated friction surface of the first friction element (annular in cross-section), wherein during a (by displacement Relative movement of the two friction elements, ie a rotation of the two friction elements to each other, the second friction element (under Gleitreibungs explain) with its friction surface along the associated friction surface of the first friction element can slide and wherein in a respective rest position of the adjusting the second friction element with its friction surface (Under static friction conditions) rests against the friction surface of the first friction element.
  • an annular in cross-section encompassing the second friction element by the friction surface of the first friction element is not only an annular encompassing understood as a special case, but the cross-sectionally annular contour of the first friction surface can be performed, for example, oval, polygonal or otherwise irregularly circulating ,
  • One of the two friction elements for example the first friction element, is fixedly provided as a structure-side friction element on a structural component with respect to which the adjustment part is displaceable, in particular on a motor vehicle structure; and the other friction element, for example the second friction element, is the adjustment part, e.g. a displaceable motor vehicle part, associated with and coupled thereto in such a way that it is rotated during a displacement of that part. It depends on the function of the locking device on a relative movement of the two friction elements, without the specific assignment of the first and second friction element would be crucial on the one hand to a structural component and on the other hand to an adjustment.
  • one of the friction elements may be coupled to the adjustment part (directly or indirectly via a driver) such that a (rotational) moment is introduced into the locking device as a result of a force or torque action on that part, which (possibly via a driver) on the rotatable (eg second) friction element of the locking device is transferable.
  • the (continuous) lockability of the adjustment by the associated locking device need not necessarily be provided in the entire, maximum possible adjustment of the corresponding part. So it may be sufficient if - depending on the application - the adjustment part, e.g. a displaceable motor vehicle part, can be locked only in a portion of its maximum adjustment range by means of the locking device in a respective displaced position.
  • the area in which the locking device is effective is also referred to herein as a displacement area.
  • a motor vehicle part which can be locked in the displaced state can be a pivotable or foldable motor vehicle part, such as a motor vehicle door (side or rear door) or a closure flap (front or tailgate) of a motor vehicle. But it can also be provided by displaceable by moving motor vehicle part.
  • a motor vehicle part By relocating a motor vehicle part with respect to the vehicle structure, in particular folding down of the motor vehicle part from the vehicle structure, in the case of a motor vehicle part in the form of a vehicle door access to the vehicle interior can be released or in the case of a motor vehicle part in the form of a shutter access to the vehicle engine or a trunk ,
  • This may be important, for example, if third-party vehicles are parked in the vicinity of a motor vehicle, which are not to be damaged when a motor vehicle part is folded down.
  • the corresponding motor vehicle part should be lockable in its partially folded position by means of the locking device so that it is not already folded by a gust of wind or unintentional light touch, which could indeed have a collision with an adjacent vehicle result.
  • the locking device should thus on the one hand ensure sufficient ease of movement of a motor vehicle part, such as a vehicle door, when opening and closing and on the other hand sufficiently secure the corresponding motor vehicle part in a respective displaced state.
  • a locking device of this kind is known for example from WO 2009/007400 A1.
  • a flowable additional medium is provided which can be brought in a relative movement of the friction between the friction surfaces to reduce the sliding friction, and which at a transition of the two friction elements in a rest position and so that static friction conditions from the space between the two friction elements is pressed in order to obtain the greatest possible static friction.
  • the transport of the additional medium can take place via guide channels, which are formed on one of the two friction elements.
  • a generic locking device can also be used for coupling with an adjustment outside a motor vehicle, eg with a folding or tilting window of a building, a shutter, shutters of all kinds, eg on furniture or computers (notebooks), etc.
  • the invention is based on the problem to provide a locking device of the type mentioned above, which is characterized by a reliable, reliable function with a simple structure. This problem is inventively solved by the provision of a locking device with the features of claim 1.
  • the respective active friction surface of the second friction element via which the second friction element in a respective relative position (rotational position) with the friction surface of the first friction element (“first friction surface”) is in contact, forms a part of a along the first friction surface and this opposite circumferential (and the complete second friction surface defining) counter surface of the second friction element, which latter can be composed of convexly curved in cross-section and extending straight friction element sections, wherein the friction element sections are integrally formed in particular and adjoin one another; and in a respective rest position of the second friction element with respect to the first friction element are each only one or more portions of the mating surface (namely the respective active portions of the second friction surface) in contact with the first friction surface.
  • the active second friction surface is thus at a respective relative position of the two friction surfaces each (only) formed by those portions of the mating surface of the second friction element (ie the complete second friction surface), the intended use of the locking device with the first friction surface, ie the friction surface of the first Friction element, can come into contact. That is, while parts of the mating surface of the second friction element are opposed to the first friction surface which is annular in cross-section, they are substantially spaced therefrom so that there is no contact under either sliding friction conditions or under static friction conditions.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible, with a simple design of the friction elements, to create free spaces between the mutually associated friction surfaces of the two Friction elements, without that channels, pockets or other (concave) indentations would be provided on one of the friction elements. Because the mutual friction surfaces are in contact only in partial areas of their friction surfaces, free spaces between the two friction surfaces are automatically formed outside of these partial regions, where the mutual friction surfaces are spaced apart from one another. In addition, despite the reduced contact areas of the two friction surfaces due to the concomitant increased surface pressure at the existing contact areas under static friction conditions (resting state of both friction elements) large holding forces can be achieved.
  • At least a portion of the second friction surface at each rotational position of the second friction element with respect to the first friction element is spaced from the first friction surface, e.g. in that, in each rotational position of the second friction element with respect to the first friction element, the same portion or the same portions of the second friction surface are in contact with the first friction surface.
  • the two friction surfaces in particular the second friction surface, may be configured such that all subregions, via which the second friction surface in a respective rotational position of the second friction element is in contact with the first friction surface with respect to the first friction element, is at most 30%, in particular at most 10 % or at most 5% or 3%, the entire friction surface of the second friction element make or cover, for example by the second friction surface in a respective rotational position of the second friction element with respect to the first friction element in the respective portion each substantially line-like or in cross-section is in contact with the first friction surface.
  • an additional medium located between the two friction surfaces can be particularly effectively and quickly pressed away from the contact regions of the two friction surfaces during the transition to static friction conditions.
  • the mating surface of the second friction element is formed as a second friction surface exclusively from in cross-section convexly curved friction element sections.
  • the mating surface is composed of both in cross-section convexly curved and rectilinearly extending Reibelementabitesen, wherein in particular in cross-section convex curved portions can be connected to each other via a rectilinearly extending portion.
  • the counter surface may be free of concave shaped surface portions, such as channels or pockets. At the transition between two Reibelementabêten with different curvature in cross section each discontinuity points may be formed on the mating surface.
  • the mating surface forms a surface which runs along the first friction surface and which is opposite to it and convexly curved in cross-section, for example in the form of an oval or elliptical surface of annular cross-section.
  • the second friction surface is formed by at least two curved Reibelementabête over which they can each rest simultaneously on the first friction surface, in particular a system can be provided over at least two opposing curved Reibelementabitese. Furthermore, at least two sections of different curvature may also be under the said friction element sections.
  • the spaced-apart Reibelementabitese can be arranged both in a cross-sectional plane, as well as lying in different cross-sectional planes.
  • the second friction element may be multi-part, that is to say at least two parts, wherein the contact of the at least two friction element parts on the friction surface of the first friction element is controlled via elastic means.
  • elastic means may be provided in order to clamp the two friction elements against each other in such a way that they are in contact with one another via their friction surfaces, in particular in such a way that only a part of the second friction surface is in contact with the first friction surface.
  • the locking device according to the invention is particularly advantageous when using a flowable additional medium which can be brought in a relative movement of the friction between their friction surfaces and which can be pushed out of the area between the two friction surfaces when the two friction elements abut each other via their friction surfaces under static friction conditions. As a result, while ensuring a sufficiently large static friction at the same time the sliding friction is minimized.
  • the distance between the first friction surface and the counter surface is at least partially so small that there occurs a capillary effect
  • the an increase of the flowable additional medium causes; such a capillary effect of such a magnitude that the lubricant at typical operating temperature - based on the extension of the second friction element along the axis of rotation - under capillary action by at least 30%, in particular by more than 50%, rises.
  • Figure 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of two cooperating
  • Figure 1 B a first embodiment of the arrangement of Figure 1A;
  • Figure 1 C a second embodiment of the arrangement of Figure 1 A;
  • Figure 2A shows a locking device on the basis of two friction elements of the in FIG.
  • Figure 2B shows a first modification of the locking device of Figure 2A
  • Figure 2C shows a second modification of the locking device of Figure 2A
  • Figure 3A shows another embodiment of two cooperating friction elements of a locking device in cross section
  • FIG. 3B shows a first development of the arrangement from FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 3C shows a second development of the arrangement from FIG. 3A
  • Figure 4A shows a further embodiment of a locking device with two cooperating friction elements in longitudinal section; 4B shows a cross section through the locking device of Figure 4A in the region of
  • Figure 5A is a modification of the locking device of Figure 4A with respect to
  • FIG. 5B shows a cross section through the locking device of FIG. 5A in the region of FIG.
  • FIG. 7A shows a further embodiment of two cooperating friction elements of a locking device in cross-section, namely at a first temperature of a flowable additional medium which can be brought between the two friction elements;
  • Figure 7B shows the arrangement of Figure 7A at a second temperature of the flowable
  • Figure 8A is a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a
  • Locking device with two cooperating friction elements, and that at a first temperature of a bringable between the two friction elements flowable additional medium;
  • Figure 9A is a cross-section through cooperating friction elements of a
  • FIG. 9B shows a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 9A
  • Figure 10 is an illustration of a known construction of a locking device with two cooperating friction elements in longitudinal section;
  • Figure 11A is a perspective view of the lateral vehicle structure of a
  • Figure 11 B is a perspective view of the back of a motor vehicle with an opened rear door.
  • FIG. 11A shows a section of the lateral vehicle structure (body K) of a motor vehicle, which together with the roof area D of the motor vehicle a Door opening O defines and encloses, through which a passenger can enter the interior of the motor vehicle.
  • a displaceable or deflectable motor vehicle part is provided in the form of a hinged side door S, which is shown in FIG. 1A in a partially folded-down position.
  • the folding down of a side door S of a motor vehicle from the vehicle structure K into a partially folded-down position takes place, for example, regularly when a third vehicle is parked next to the motor vehicle, so that the side door S can not be opened arbitrarily wide without colliding with the third vehicle.
  • locking devices are provided with which a side door S can be locked in a partially unfolded position.
  • the aim is to make such a locking device so that on the one hand allows a reliable locking of a motor vehicle door in partially unfolded position, but at the same time does not affect a desired ease of movement of the vehicle door when opening and closing.
  • Different embodiments of locking devices, with which this goal can be achieved, will be described below with reference to Figures 1A to 9B.
  • locking devices of the type mentioned can be provided not only in side doors of a motor vehicle, but also, for example, in a rear door or tailgate H provided on the rear side R of a motor vehicle and serving to close a cargo space L.
  • Further possible fields of use are trunk flaps, engine flaps, sliding doors, adjustable loading floors, roller blinds and other vehicle parts which are displaceable (deflectable) relative to a structural subassembly of the motor vehicle.
  • deflectable motor vehicle parts wherein in particular pivotable (hinged) but also displaceable motor vehicle parts are to be included.
  • FIG. 10 shows in a longitudinal section the basic structure (eg known from WO 2009/007400 A1) of a locking device by means of which a deflectable motor vehicle part, such as a side door according to FIG. 1A or a rear door according to FIG. 11B or a sliding door, or another adjustment in a partially deflected position can be locked.
  • a deflectable motor vehicle part such as a side door according to FIG. 1A or a rear door according to FIG. 11B or a sliding door, or another adjustment in a partially deflected position can be locked.
  • the locking device comprises a housing 5 with a housing lower part 51 and a housing upper part 52, which are fastened to each other by suitable fastening means, for example in the form of screws or rivets.
  • two friction elements 1, 2 are arranged, the mutually facing friction surfaces 10, 20 are engageable with each other to be able to lock by the thereby acting (static) static friction a deflectable motor vehicle part continuously in partially deflected position.
  • the first friction element 1 is formed by a portion of the inner wall of the housing 5, more precisely a portion of the inner wall of the housing base 51, which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a housing axis A and the one to the housing bottom of the housing base 51 conically tapered friction surface 10 of the first friction element first defines or forms.
  • the first friction element 1 is fixed to the housing by its with respect to the housing axis
  • a rotationally symmetrical, conically tapered friction surface 10 forms an immediate part of an annular circumferential inner side wall of the housing 5.
  • a housing-fixed first friction element for example, also be realized in that a separate from the inner wall of the housing friction element is fixed in the interior of the housing.
  • the (disk-shaped) second friction element 2 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 3, which is rotatably mounted at its two ends 31, 32 in an associated bearing 53 and 54 of the housing 5 and the axis of rotation A coincides with the housing axis, with respect to the first friction element 1 is rotationally symmetrical.
  • the second friction element 2 is also (apart from structuring its friction surface) substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to that axis A and tapers - as well as the first friction element 1 - to the (bottom of the housing 51 provided) housing bottom.
  • the second friction element 2 defines on its outer circumference a conical friction surface 20 which lies opposite the conical friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 and can be brought into frictional engagement therewith.
  • an elastic element 4 in the form of a spring, more precisely designed as a compression spring coil spring is provided, which surrounds the shaft 3 and on the one hand to a widened end portion 32 of the shaft 3 and on the other hand on the second friction element 2 is supported, in such a way that it has the tendency to clamp the second friction element 2 against the first friction element 1 and thereby bring the two friction surfaces 10, 20 with each other.
  • the effective direction Ri of the prestressed elastic element 4 applied forces or bias is such that it extends along the shaft 3 and the axis A and the second friction element 2 along that direction Ri against the first friction element. 1 braced.
  • Frictional element 1 is engageable, the rotationally fixed mounting of the second takes place
  • Friction element 2 on the associated shaft 3 by means of interlocking
  • Positive locking areas F2, F3 of the friction element 2 and the shaft 3 which allow axial mobility of the second friction element 2 along the axis A of the shaft 3 (and thus also coincides with the housing axis).
  • Form-fitting regions F2, F3 here by way of example a tongue and groove connection with a provided on the second friction element 2 groove F2, which extends along the shaft axis A, and with an associated, projecting from the shaft 3 outwardly into the groove F2 in spring F3 in Form of a projection.
  • the form-locking region F3 which protrudes outwards from the shaft 3 in the form of a spring, engages in the assigned form-fit region F2 in the form of a groove of the second friction element 2 such that the second friction element 2-with the exception of an optionally present rotation angle play-is substantially non-rotatably mounted on the shaft 3 is supported, but can - under the action of the bias of the elastic element 4 - along the axis A limited shift, the (maximum) possible extent of displacement is limited by the fact that the second friction element 2 under the effect of the bias of the elastic Element 4 is pressed with its friction surface 20 against the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1.
  • the second friction element 2 can be tracked (automatically) under the action of the prestressing of the elastic element 4 so that it is always defined with the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, even after a long period of operation of the locking device and associated wear is in an attack.
  • the tracking takes place automatically under the action of the bias of the elastic element 4 and taking advantage of the axial displaceability of the second friction element 2 along the shaft.
  • the material for the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 is to be chosen so that the two friction surfaces 10, 20, when they are under the action of the bias of the elastic member 4 with each other engaged, a sufficiently large static
  • Suitable material combinations for the two friction surfaces 10, 20 are for example steel / plastic. In the present example, it should be assumed that of the two friction surfaces 10, 20, the one (outer friction surface 10)
  • the parking brake should also allow the smoothest possible deflection of the corresponding motor vehicle part; that is, the frictional forces acting between the two friction surfaces 10, 20 of the friction elements 1, 2 should be as small as possible relative to each other during a relative movement of the two friction surfaces 10, 20.
  • the sliding friction acting between the two friction surfaces 10, 20 during a relative movement should be significantly lower, if possible many times less than the (static) static friction acting between the two friction surfaces 10, 20, when the second Friction element 2 is clamped in rest position by the elastic member 4 against the first friction element 1.
  • the shaft 3 on the one hand attack directly on a pivot axis about which a deflectable motor vehicle part pivots is, or it may be upstream of the shaft 3, a transmission over which a deflection of the corresponding motor vehicle part is converted into a rotational movement of the shaft.
  • a transmission can then cause, for example, a defined ratio (for increased speeds of the second friction element) or also a directional deflection, for example, to be able to arrange the shaft 3 in a specific spatial direction.
  • first friction element 1 is then to be fixed in such a way with respect to the vehicle structure, that it is not taken in a deflection of the motor vehicle part to be detected.
  • This can be achieved, in particular, by the fact that the housing 5, on the inner wall of which the first friction element 1 is formed with its friction surface 10, is arranged structurally on the vehicle, for example on the frame of a vehicle door associated with the locking device.
  • a deflection movement of the deflectable motor vehicle part associated with the locking device results in the second friction element 2 being rotated about the axis A relative to the first friction element 1 by means of the shaft 3, wherein the two conical friction surfaces 10, 20 slide against one another.
  • the aim now is to limit the sliding friction forces occurring while at the same time ensuring the greatest possible static static frictional forces in such a way that no deflection of the said motor vehicle part is counteracted by excessive frictional forces.
  • on the one hand contribute a suitable selection of the materials used for the two cooperating friction surfaces 10, 20, in particular by using such material pairings in which the static static friction is substantially greater, in particular by a multiple greater than the sliding friction.
  • a (flowable) 1925 is provided, which is to bring during a movement of the second friction element 2 relative to the first friction element 1 between the mutually facing friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 and reduces the frictional forces acting.
  • a suitable oil for example, fluorosilicone base oil with ester Additives are used, specifically in combination with friction surfaces 10, 20, one of which consists of metal (steel) and the other of (thermoplastic) plastic (eg PA / polyamide or POM / polyoxymethylene).
  • the additional or intermediate medium Z in the form of a lubricant, ie consisting of a flowable material, is provided in the lower housing part 51, with a filling height such that it reaches at least as far as the underside of the second friction element 2 facing the housing bottom, but preferably the second friction element 2 surrounds total.
  • a sufficient portion of the flowable additive or intermediate medium Z between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 can pass and thereby reduces the sliding friction accordingly can be provided along the friction surface 20 of the second friction element 2 guide channels, as described in WO 2009/007400 A1, in which the additional or intermediate medium Z is received and from which it during a rotational movement of the second friction element 2 between the two friction surfaces 10, 20 can pass.
  • These channels are e.g. formed as depressions (grooves or grooves) in the friction surface 20 of the second friction element 2, which extend substantially along the shaft 3 and its axis A, but - are inclined to that direction - according to the inclination of the friction surface 20.
  • the additional or intermediate medium Z under the action of the biasing force of the elastic member 4 from the area between the abutting friction surfaces 10, 20 pushed out, so that the stiction is not affected.
  • the type and amount of the additional medium Z to be provided is advantageously to be selected so that the second friction element 2 does not float under static friction conditions (resting state), ie the additional medium Z from the area of the mutually associated friction surfaces of the friction elements 1, 2, as described above. can be displaced to ensure reliable stiction at rest.
  • the static friction between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the locking device must first be overcome for this purpose.
  • the second friction element 2 is moved with its friction surface 20 again with respect to the first friction element 1 and its friction surface 10, that is, is rotated is - possibly by means of guide channels, which gradually during the rotational movement of the second friction element 2 all areas of Sweep over the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 - ensures that the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 is continuously wetted with intermediate medium Z, then the friction surface 20 of the second friction element 2 can slide with reduced sliding friction.
  • This embodiment of a locking device is based on the recognition that a defined static friction between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2, which for secure locking of a movable motor vehicle part, such as
  • Example of a motor vehicle door leads is also achievable if the two
  • Friction elements 1, 2 are only about portions of their friction surfaces 10, 20 in contact with each other. In this case, in particular, a surface pressure increased at the contact areas of the two friction surfaces 10, 20, and possibly one in the cross-sectional plane of the
  • Friction elements occurring wedge effect are used, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1A shows, in a cross section perpendicular to the housing axis or rotational axis A, D of a locking device, as shown in FIG. 10, a first exemplary embodiment of an arrangement of two friction elements 1, 2 which, in the said cross-sectional plane, each have only partial areas T of their friction surfaces 10, 20 are in contact.
  • the arrangement of Figure 1A starts - as well as the previously described with reference to Figure 10 known locking device - of two friction elements 1, 2, of which one friction element 1 as an outer (in the example fixed to the housing) friction element, the second, inner (rotatable in the embodiment mounted) friction element 2 in cross-section annularly encloses, so that the radially inner surface of the first
  • Friction element 1 serves as its friction surface 10 and the outer in the radial direction
  • the second friction surface of the second friction element 2 serves as a second friction surface 20, which faces the first friction surface 10 as a counter surface or opposite.
  • the second friction surface 20 forms a circumferential lateral surface of the second friction element 2.
  • both friction surfaces 10, 20 extend in cross section along a circular line, wherein the diameter of the first friction surface 10 is greater than the diameter of the second friction surface 20 (counter surface), so that between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements. 1 2, a free space F is formed, which preferably extends in the axial direction (perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane of FIG. 1A) along the entire length of the second friction element (2).
  • the two friction surfaces 10, 20 may, for example, cylindrical surfaces or conically tapered surfaces in the axial direction, corresponding to the arrangement of Figure 10, form.
  • the second, inner friction element 2 in the case of FIG. 1A with its friction surface 20 is not arranged concentrically with respect to the first, outer friction element 1 and its friction surface 10, but rather off-center (eccentric).
  • the housing axis A which defines the center of the circle, on the circular line in the cross-sectional view, the first friction surface 10 extends, and the axis of rotation D of the second friction element 2, which in the embodiment forms the center of the limited by the second friction surface 20 circle from each other spaced, so that there is an eccentricity e corresponding to this distance in the storage of the second friction element 2 with respect to the first friction element 1.
  • the said distance or the associated eccentricity e is selected such that the second inner friction element 2 in each friction layer bears in each case with a portion T of its friction surface 20 (as an active friction surface) against the associated friction surface 10 of the outer, first friction element 1 shown in Figure 1A.
  • Figures 1A to 7B references to circles, circular sections, arcs, punctual installations, etc. in each case the cross-section of the friction elements 1, 2 such.
  • Figures 1A to 1C and 3A to 3C respectively.
  • the respective second friction element is provided with an extension in the axial direction (perpendicular to the plane of the figures);
  • cross-sectional representations as in Figures 1A to 1C, 3A to 3C, 4B, 5B, 6, 7A and 7B, not always expressly noted that the description of the respective geometry of the second friction element 2 relates specifically to its two-dimensional cross-sectional design and not to its actual three-dimensional shape.
  • the free space F formed between the two friction elements 1, 2 or their friction surfaces 10, 20 outside the partial area T is available for the transport of an additional medium Z, as shown in FIG. 10, so that the additional medium, on the one hand, during a rotational movement (sliding friction conditions) can be selectively brought between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 and on the other hand in the presence of static friction conditions (rest position of the friction elements 1, 2) from the portion T, in which the two friction surfaces 10, 20 abut each other, can be pushed out.
  • the free space F between the two friction elements 1, 2 or their friction surfaces 10, 20 (for a liquid transport in the circumferential direction U, to bring the additional medium between the contacting (active) areas of the friction surfaces 10, 20 and of There away) is present here without the formation of guide channels or other special receiving areas on one of the two friction surfaces 10, 20 created. Rather, the second, inner friction surface 20 in the cross section is continuously convexly curved and the associated first, outer friction surface 10 in the cross section consistently curved concave.
  • an elastic element 41 here in the form of a tension spring, which braces the two friction elements 1, 2 against one another in such a way that they abut each other over a portion T of their friction surfaces 10, 20.
  • the elastic element 41 in the form of a tension spring acts for this purpose between the two friction elements 1, 2 and engages in the embodiment with a first spring end 41a on one of the first friction element 1 associated (housing-side) abutment W1 and with a second spring end 41 b at a second friction element 2 associated abutment W2, which is arranged here concentrically with respect to the axis of rotation D of the second friction element 2.
  • the elastic element 41 a spring with temperature-dependent spring constant or in any other way with respect to its spring characteristic temperature-controllable spring element is used, it can be ensured that temperature dependencies in the properties of an additional medium used (lubricant), z. B. of its viscosity can be compensated.
  • an additional medium used lubricant
  • z. B. of its viscosity it may be desirable to brace the two friction elements 1, 2 at lower temperatures with a comparatively greater spring force against each other, since with decreasing temperatures, the viscosity of the additional medium used, for. B. in the form of oil tends to increase and thus for a rapid displacement of the located between the friction surfaces 10, 20 in the subregion T additional medium in the transition from Gleitreibungs- to static friction conditions, a correspondingly greater spring force is advantageous.
  • the two friction elements 1, 2 are braced against each other by means of a torsion spring 42, whose at least one spring coil on the the second friction element 2 facing away from the outside of the first friction element 1 and the corresponding housing 5 rotates and which acts between the two friction elements 1, 2.
  • the elastic element 42 engages (with one spring end 42a, 42b) on the one hand on the first friction element 1 associated (fixed to the housing) abutment W1 and on the other hand on a second friction element 2 associated and rotatable together with this about the axis of rotation D abutment W2.
  • the second, inner friction element 2 associated abutment W2 is arranged on a lever arm 29 which is connected to a stationary, z. B.
  • the first friction element 1 associated bearing point L1 is pivotally mounted and which is connected via further bearing means L2 with the second, inner friction element 2, so that the force acting on the lever-side abutment W2 spring force tends to have the second friction element 2 with a portion of his T To press friction surface 20 against the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1.
  • an elastic element 42 for. B. in the form of a torsion spring, the two friction elements 1, 2 via a lever arm 29 against each other, so that they rest in a portion T of their friction surfaces 10, 20 against each other.
  • the lever arm 29 can thereby achieve a corresponding gain of the clamping torque.
  • FIG. 2A shows a longitudinal section through a locking device with a first friction element 1 formed by the inner surface of a housing 5, which defines a friction surface 10 that conically tapers in the axial direction, and a second friction element 2 rotatably mounted therein (on a shaft 3) on its outer surface a likewise conically tapering, annular circumferential friction surface 20 defined.
  • Both friction surfaces are each formed in a circular cross-section perpendicular to the housing axis A circular, so are each rotationally symmetrical.
  • an elastic element 4 here in the form of a compression spring, which acts between the two friction elements 1, 2 - more precisely between the housing 5 and the second friction element 2 - and braces the two friction elements 1, 2 against each other.
  • a significant difference between the locking device of Figure 10 and the locking device of Figure 2A is that according to Figure 10, the housing axis A, with respect to which the first friction element 1 is rotationally symmetrical coincides with the axis of rotation of the second friction element 2, with respect to which in turn the second Friction element 2 and its friction surface 20 is rotationally symmetrical, while in the embodiment of Figure 2A, the second friction element 2 eccentrically with respect to the housing axis A is mounted.
  • the axis of rotation D to which the rotationally symmetrical second friction element 2 or its likewise rotationally symmetric friction surface 20 with respect to the first friction element 1 and its rotationally symmetric friction surface 10, outside the housing axis A; but it runs in the embodiment parallel to the latter.
  • the two friction elements 1, 2 are pressed under the action of the elastic element 4 with their friction surfaces 10, 20 only in a portion T against each other, so that there contact between the two friction surfaces 10, 20 and outside of that portion T at least one space F (in the axial direction along the entire length of the second friction element 2).
  • the eccentric mounting of the second friction element 2 with respect to the first friction element 1 or more precisely the (rotationally symmetric) second friction surface 20 with respect to the (rotationally symmetric) first friction surface 10 is achieved in that the second friction element 2 - by means of the shaft 3 and over the Shaft ends 31, 32 associated housing-side bearings 53, 54 - is mounted so that its axis of symmetry, which here simultaneously forms the axis of rotation D, outside (And parallel to) the axis of symmetry (housing axis A) of the first friction element 1 and the associated friction surface 10 is located.
  • the housing 5 of the locking device which is filled with a flowable additive or intermediate medium Z, consists of two housing parts 51, 52 (lower housing part and upper housing part), each of which has a bearing 53, 54 for the shaft 3 or more precisely a respective shaft end 31, 32 defined.
  • the second friction element 2 is axially fixed (and not axially displaceable) to the shaft 3.
  • a tracking of the second friction element 2 under the action of the elastic element 4, so that this presses with a portion T of its friction surface 20 against the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, is achieved here by the fact that the shaft 3 in the axial direction limited slidably in the housing-side bearings 53, 54 is mounted.
  • a certain clearance between the housing bottom 50 and the recorded in the local bearing 53 first shaft end 31 is provided.
  • the spring element 4 which is provided for tracking the second friction element 2 with respect to the first friction element 1 in the axial direction, in addition, that the two friction elements 1, 2 in one Cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the housing axis A and rotational axis D are braced against each other.
  • wedge forces which reinforce the braking or holding force of the locking device at rest considered both because of the conical design of the friction surfaces 10, 20 in the axial direction and because of the system of the two friction surfaces 10, 20 only in a partial area T in the Cross-sectional plane of the arrangement.
  • FIG. 2B shows a further development of the locking device from FIG. 2A, according to which the second friction element 2 consists of a plurality in the axial direction one behind the other arranged friction elements parts 2a, 2b, 2c, which are each rotatably mounted with respect to the first friction element 1 and its friction surface 10, in the embodiment on a common shaft 3.
  • Friction element 1 in different spatial directions. This makes it possible to achieve a symmetrical introduction of force from the second friction element parts 2a, 2b, 2c into the first friction element 1, whereby one of the bearing points of the shaft 3 can be omitted on the one hand compared to the arrangement of FIG. 2B and, on the other hand, the still remaining bearing point 54 of the shaft 3 is relieved.
  • the respective second friction element 2 may be designed as a sintered part.
  • the second friction element 2 is concretely configured such that its friction element parts 2a, 2b, 2c form a unitary component (continuous in the axial direction).
  • the individual friction element parts 2a, 2b, 2c can also be spaced apart in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 2C shows a modification of the locking device from FIG. 2B, according to which the friction element parts 2a, 2b, 2c of a second friction element 2 arranged one behind the other in the axial direction are rotationally symmetrical with respect to a common axis of rotation D defined by a shaft 3 on which the second friction element 2 is mounted , are executed.
  • the (housing-side) friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 is eccentric with respect to that axis of rotation D executed, in such a way that the Friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 is not rotationally symmetrical but eccentric with respect to that axis of rotation D is configured.
  • the design of the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, which is eccentric in cross-section, is realized in the exemplary embodiment such that in the circumferential direction (ie along the direction of rotation) spaced-apart, in particular mutually opposite, regions of the first friction surface 10 each have different distances a1, a2, b1, b2, d ⁇ c2 from the axis of rotation D have.
  • three housing regions of different eccentricity are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction, to each of which a friction element part 2a, 2b, 2c of the second friction element 2 is assigned.
  • Each of these Reibelementenmaschine 2a, 2b, 2c is due to the eccentric design of the first friction surface 10 (as a result of different distances of the first friction surface 10 of the rotation axis D of the second friction element 2) each with only a portion T of its respective friction surface 20 in contact with the This results in turn a mutual support along different spatial directions, which leads to a defined support of the second friction element 2 on the first friction element 1 and to a uniform force from the second friction element 2 in the first friction element 1.
  • FIG. 3A shows in a cross-section a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 1A, the essential difference being that the second, internal friction element 2 is not mounted eccentrically relative to the friction surface 10 of the first, outer friction element 1, as in the case of FIG. 1A is rather, but non-rotationally symmetrical in such a way that only portions T of the friction surface 20 of the second friction element 2 (as an active friction surface) with the friction surface 10 of the first, outer friction element 1 in contact.
  • the axis of symmetry of the first friction surface 10 (housing axis A) and the axis of rotation D of the second friction element 2 coincide.
  • the second friction element 2 present along one direction in the cross-sectional plane (perpendicular to the rotational or housing axis D, A) to such an extent that opposing portions T of the defined by the second friction member 2 friction surface 20 each with the friction surface 10 of first friction element 1 are in contact.
  • the Friction surface 20 of the second friction element 2 by a plurality of (on the friction surface 20 convex curved) Reibelementabête 21, 22 in the form of circular segments or - sections of different diameters formed in the circumferential direction U are arranged one behind the other or alternate.
  • the exemplary embodiment involves two first friction element sections 21 with a comparatively smaller radius of curvature K1 (and thus comparatively greater curvature) and two intermediate second friction element sections 22 with a comparatively larger radius of curvature K2 (and correspondingly smaller curvature).
  • Reibelementabitese 21 or 22 with the same radius of curvature K1 or K2 are each arranged opposite one another.
  • first friction element sections 21 Only the first friction element sections 21 (with the comparatively small radius of curvature K1 and the correspondingly greater curvature) are in each case over a partial region T of the friction surface 20 against the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1.
  • the part of the friction surface 20 assigned to a respective first friction element section 21 forms a circular arc in each case (circular line section).
  • the second friction element sections 22 are each spaced from the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, so that free spaces F are formed, in which the mutually associated friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 are spaced from each other.
  • each individual friction element section 21, 22, here in each case in the form of a circular section, is in each case convexly curved in each case.
  • an elliptical or oval configuration of the second friction element 2 may be provided in cross-section.
  • FIG. 3B shows a development of the arrangement from FIG. 3A with a plurality of first and second friction element sections 21, 22 in the form of circular sections, which form a have different radius of curvature K1 or K2 and are arranged in the circumferential direction U one behind the other.
  • first and second friction element sections 21, 22 in the form of circular sections, which form a have different radius of curvature K1 or K2 and are arranged in the circumferential direction U one behind the other.
  • the free spaces F between the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 are configured so that they have a so-called Form capillary gap in which a flowable additional medium Z provided on the bottom 50 of the corresponding housing 5 (see, for example, Figure 10) can rise under the action of the so-called capillary effect (capillarity).
  • a flowable additional medium Z provided on the bottom 50 of the corresponding housing 5 (see, for example, Figure 10) can rise under the action of the so-called capillary effect (capillarity).
  • the size of the space formed as a gap F is to be chosen so that the flowable additional medium used at typical operating temperatures of the locking device due to the capillary effect by at least 30%, in particular by at least 50% or at least 80%, based on the axial extent of the second friction element 2 (expansion along the housing axis A, see Figure 10) rises.
  • FIG. 3C shows a further development of the arrangement of FIG. 3B, according to which, in addition to first and second friction element or circular sections 21, 22 with different (convex) curvature, additional third friction element sections / connecting sections 23 are provided, each between the first and second friction element sections 21, 22 and in the exemplary embodiment in each case define a section of the friction surface 20 that is straight in cross section.
  • the second friction element 2 in contrast, each of the friction surface 10th spaced apart from the first friction element 1, so that here again corresponding free spaces F, possibly in the form of capillary gaps, are formed.
  • Such an arrangement can in particular also be used to selectively control the subregions T1, T2, via which the two friction surfaces 10, 20 abut one another, depending on the temperature, as will be explained below.
  • the indicated in dashed lines in Figure 3C consisting of a different material than the main body of the second friction element 2 depositors 200 of the second friction element 2 be of importance, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • portions TA of the second friction surface 20 eg, formed by the second friction element portions 22 in the case of FIGS. 3A and 3B and by the connection portions 23 in the case of FIG.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B a locking device is shown in longitudinal section (FIG. 4A) and in cross section (FIG. 4B), which is similar in construction and function to the arrangement of FIG. 3B.
  • a rotationally symmetrical friction element 2 tapering conically along its axis of rotation D (which coincides with the housing axis A) is formed by a base body with a defined radius K2 (equal radius of curvature of the main body).
  • a free space F extends between two sliding blocks 21 ', since the basic body of the second friction element 2, which is circular in cross-section, extends radially in each case
  • Free spaces F can in turn optionally form capillary gaps.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B A modification of the locking device of FIGS. 4A and 4B is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the difference being that the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2 are inclined more strongly with respect to the axis of rotation D or housing axis A. Accordingly, the friction surfaces 10, 20 in the embodiment of Figures 4A and 4B are steeper than in the locking device of Figures 5A and 5B.
  • Figure 6 shows a further modification of the locking device of Figures 4A and 4B, according to which a plurality of sliding blocks 21 "are arranged not only circumferentially spaced from one another, but are also arranged one above the other in two directions in the axial direction 3C related arrangement, according to which the second friction element 2 with Reibelement- or circular sections 21, 22 different Curvature, ie here with different radius of curvature K1 or K2, in each case with the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 can be brought into contact.
  • Frictional element sections 21 and 22 of the same curvature lie opposite each other - viewed in the cross-sectional plane.
  • a special feature of the arrangement of Figure 7A is that the second friction element 2 in the cross-sectional plane, as shown in Figure 7A, has an anisotropy in the coefficient of thermal expansion. This can be achieved, for example, by introducing additives into the body of the second friction element 2 that justify anisotropy with regard to thermal expansion.
  • additives in the form along a certain spatial direction aligned fibers, z.
  • glass carbon or Kevlar fibers, use, which are embedded in the plastic.
  • the friction element 2 when heated along a spatial direction perpendicular to the direction of extension of the fibers 210 schematically indicated in FIG.
  • Figure 7A expands comparatively strongly and conversely contracts comparatively strongly when cooled along that direction.
  • Figure 7A shows the two friction elements 1, 2 at temperatures in a lower range of the usual operating temperatures, in particular by the temperature of the additional medium contained in the housing 5, z.
  • the two friction element sections 21 located opposite the direction of extension of the fibers 210 abut each other over a partial area T of the second friction surface 20 on the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, while the friction element sections 22 (smaller Curvature) each completely (but only slightly) from the first friction member 1 and its friction surface 10 are spaced.
  • Now increases the temperature of the second friction element 2, z. B.
  • the second friction element 2 expands, especially along the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the fibers 210, so that the two perpendicular to Extension direction of the fibers 210 opposite Reibelement- or circular sections 22 according to Figure 7B in each case over a portion T of their friction surface 20 with the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 come into abutment. Due to the concomitant deformation of the second friction element 2 as a whole and because of the simultaneous expansion of the first friction surface 10 defining housing 5 also along the direction of extension of the fibers 210 opposite Reibelement- or circular sections 21 each (slightly) from the friction surface 10 of the first Raised friction element 1.
  • a temperature-dependent installation of different (differently curved) Reibelement- or circular sections 21, 22 of the second friction element 2 on the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 can be achieved in a corresponding manner in the embodiment of Figure 3C, in particular by there anisotropy in terms of thermal expansion is provided.
  • the insert 200 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3C can serve, which consists for example of metal (steel) and which can be encapsulated by the material (plastic) of the second friction element 2.
  • the insert 200 in the local cross-sectional plane of the first Reibelementabroughen 21 (with a relatively small radius of curvature K1 and correspondingly large curvature) further spaced than by the second Reibelementabroughen 22 (with relatively larger radius of curvature K2 and correspondingly smaller curvature).
  • a temperature-related change in the extent of the insert 200 (expansion with increasing temperature or contraction with decreasing temperature) therefore has a greater effect on the second friction element sections 22 than on the first friction element sections 21.
  • the second friction element 2 can then be specifically configured, for example, so that at low temperatures, the first Reibelementabête 21 (with large curvature) abut the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 and with increasing temperature due to the associated increasing expansion of the insert 200 and its Exposing to the second friction element sections 22 the latter come into contact with the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1.
  • an insert 200 can be used, which has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the remaining regions of the second friction element 2.
  • FIG. 8A shows a further exemplary embodiment of a locking device, in which the friction surfaces 10, 20 of the first and second friction elements 1, 2 are each rotationally symmetrical (circular in cross section) and tapering conically in the axial direction (towards the housing bottom 50).
  • the second friction element 2 consists of two friction elements 2a, 2b, which are spaced apart in the axial direction.
  • Example made of different plastics or on the basis of the same plastic (such as POM), but with different additives (such as fibers or inserts), can be achieved that the two friction element parts 2a, 2b a show different dependence of their respective extent, in particular in the radial direction R, of the temperature.
  • the two friction element parts 2a, 2b of the second friction element 2 also have a substantially different expansion in the radial direction R, namely the one (bottom closer) friction element part 2a a much smaller diameter than the other friction element part 2b.
  • the housing 5 forming the first friction surface 10 does not taper conically towards its base 50, but additionally has a step 11 between the two friction element parts 2a, 2b, so that there is a step between the two friction element parts 2a, 2b a sudden change of the inner cross section of the housing 5 takes place, in such a way that the distance of opposing portions of the first friction surface 10 (inner diameter of the housing) in the region of a friction element part 2a is significantly lower than in the region of the other friction element part 2b.
  • the two friction element parts 2 a, 2 b are designed so that the friction element part 2 b with a larger extent in the radial direction R (ie larger diameter) has a greater temperature dependence of its extent than the other, smaller cross-section friction element part 2 a, which is e.g. can be achieved that the friction element part 2b greater (radial) extent has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the friction element part 2a smaller (radial) extent.
  • this is realized concretely, for example, in that the friction element part 2b of greater extent has an insert 200 with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, so that this friction element part 2b undergoes relatively larger expansion fluctuations in the radial direction R when the temperature changes than the other friction element part 2a of smaller extent.
  • the two friction element parts 2a, 2b can also be produced selectively from materials (in particular plastics) with different coefficients of thermal expansion, which also results from the introduction of additives, eg fibers, in at least one of the friction element parts 2a, 2b is possible;
  • additives eg fibers
  • a friction element part 2a a material (eg plastic, such as PA or POM, with carbon additives of suitable composition) whose thermal expansion is almost zero over the entire range of relevant operating temperatures, ie a material whose dimensions are in said range of operating temperatures are substantially constant
  • the arrangement can also be configured so that that friction element part 2a is always applied to the first friction surface 10 independent of temperature.
  • the other friction element part 2b the dimensions of which are temperature-dependent, on the other hand, is only in a sub-range of the operating temperatures, e.g. at temperatures above a reference temperature, with the first friction surface 10 in contact.
  • the effect can be utilized that - even when using the same materials for both Reibelementenmaschine 2a, 2b - the cross section of the Reibelementeners 2b with greater expansion in the radial direction R varies more strongly with temperature changes than that of the Reibelementeners 2a smaller extent, so that also In this way, a temperature dependence in the system of one or the other friction element part 2a or 2b on the first friction surface 10 can be generated.
  • the friction member parts 2a, 2b are dimensioned and arranged with respect to the associated first friction member 1 so that at relatively low temperatures, the friction member part 2a smaller radial expansion rests with its friction surface 20 on the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, while the friction element part 2b of greater radial extent with its friction surface 20 is slightly spaced from the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1, compare FIG. 8A.
  • the friction element part 2b of greater radial extent in the radial direction R expands so strongly that it comes into contact with the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 via its friction surface 20.
  • the temperature-induced expansion change of the said friction element part 2b in the radial direction R is greater than that of the housing 5, which defines the first friction surface 10 on its inside.
  • the friction element part 2a smaller extent effective by it is on its friction surface 20 with the friction surface 10 of the first Reibelementeners 1 in contact, as shown in Figure 8A.
  • This smaller friction element part 2a with a correspondingly larger (convex) curvature of its friction surface 20 is particularly suitable for displacing the additional medium Z during the transition from sliding to static friction conditions when the additional medium Z has a comparatively high viscosity at lower temperatures.
  • the friction element part 2b of greater radial extent is effective in that it is in contact with the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 via its friction surface 20.
  • the two Reibelementenmaschine 2a, 2b can be selectively configured, for example, that the Reibelemententeil 2a of smaller radial extension at operating temperatures below a mean operating temperature of for example 20 0 C and the Reibelemententeil 2b greater radial expansion at operating temperatures above thereof respectively by bearing against the friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 is effective. In a transition region around the average operating temperature, both friction element parts 2a, 2b can be effective at the same time.
  • the second friction element 2 consists of two separate components 102a, 102b arranged side by side in the cross-sectional plane of FIG. 9A, ie perpendicular to the axis of rotation D of the second friction element 2 and the axis of symmetry A of the first friction element 1 Gap L are separated from each other.
  • the shaft 3 of the locking device via which a drive torque in the second friction element 2 can be introduced, so that the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 are arranged on both sides of the shaft 3 and the rotational axis D defined thereby.
  • the opposite boundary surfaces 24 of the two components 102a, 102b are in this case in each case formed in a straight line in cross section.
  • Both components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 are each formed by two friction element sections 21 with curved (designed as a circular arc) outer contour, which are connected to each other via a rectilinear friction element portion / connecting portion 23.
  • the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 can each be brought into contact with the associated friction surface 10 of the first friction element 1 via their (circular arc-like) curved friction element sections 2 in each case in a partial area T of their friction surface. Outside these subregions T there is in each case a free space F between mutually opposite friction surfaces 10, 20 of the two friction elements 1, 2.
  • the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 via (two) elastic elements 42, here in the form of one each Compression spring, so braced against each other that they each have the tendency to apply with a portion T of each curved friction element section 21 to the first friction surface 10.
  • the elastic elements 42 are arranged on both sides of the shaft 3 or the axis of rotation D defined thereby and respectively act between the mutually opposite boundary lines 24 of the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2.
  • the second friction element 2 is not connected directly to the shaft 3 initiating a drive torque, but rather via a driver 6, the displacement part associated with a displacement of one of the locking devices, for example in the form of a motor vehicle door, and a rotational movement of the shaft 3 connected thereto is taken around the axis of rotation D.
  • the driver 6 has an elongated (rectangular) basic body which extends along the gap extending between the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 and has a recess 62 in the region of the spring elements 42 as well as (on its front sides) Actuating portions 65 is provided, via which the driver 6 can each act on an associated friction element-side stop 25 of the second friction element 2 in order to initiate the introduced upon displacement of an associated adjustment part drive torque in the friction element 2, more precisely, both components 102a, 102b.
  • FIG. 9B shows a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 9A, the difference being essentially in the configuration of the driver 6, which according to FIG. 9B is arranged on one side with respect to the shaft 3 or the rotation axis D defined thereby.
  • the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 are braced against each other here only via a spring element 42, which acts in each case in a recess 24a of the boundary surfaces 24 of the components 102a, 102b facing one another.
  • the two components 102a, 102b are abutted against each other via a substantially rigid (ie non-elastic) support bridge 26, which serves as an abutment for the elastic element 42.
  • the driver 6 is operatively connected to each of the two components 102a, 102b of the second friction element 2 via only one actuating portion 65 and associated friction-element-side portion 25 so that a torque transmission is possible when the driver 6 is rotated together with the shaft 3 , Depending on the direction of rotation of the shaft 3 and thus of the driver 6, the latter thus acts via in each case only one actuating section 65 and a downstream friction element-side stop 25 on respectively only one of the two components 102a, 102b.
  • the torque transmission between the two components 102a, 102b takes place via the support bridge 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'arrêt permettant l'arrêt libérable d'un élément mobile, en particulier d'un élément de véhicule automobile déplaçable par rapport à une structure du véhicule automobile, qui peut être arrêté au moyen du dispositif d'arrêt dans une position de repos respective atteinte par déplacement à l'intérieur d'une plage de déplacement. Le dispositif d'arrêt selon l'invention comprend au moins un premier élément de friction (1) et au moins un deuxième élément de friction (2) qui peut tourner par rapport au premier élément de friction (1) et qui présente une surface de friction tournante (20) enveloppée annulairement dans la section transversale par une surface de friction (10) du premier élément de friction (1). Lors d'un mouvement relatif des deux éléments de friction (1, 2) déclenché par le déplacement de l'élément mobile, la surface de friction (20) du deuxième élément de friction (2) peut glisser le long de la surface de friction associée (10) du premier élément de friction (1) dans des conditions de glissement et, dans une position de repos respective de l'élément mobile, la surface de friction (20) du deuxième élément de friction (2) s'appuie contre la surface de friction (10) du premier élément de friction (1) dans des conditions d'adhérence. Le dispositif d'arrêt selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la deuxième surface de friction (20) est définie par une surface antagoniste du deuxième élément de friction (2), qui tourne le long de la première surface de friction (10) et qui se compose de segments d'élément de friction (21, 21', 21", 22, 23) convexes ou rectilignes en section transversale et en ce que, dans une position de rotation respective du deuxième élément de friction (2) par rapport au premier élément de friction (1), seules des zones partielles (T) de la deuxième surface de friction (20) sont respectivement en contact avec la première surface de friction (10) de sorte qu'au moins un espace libre (F) est formé entre les deux surfaces de friction (10, 20) en dehors de ces zones partielles (T), les deux surfaces de friction (10, 20) étant écartées l'une de l'autre à cet endroit.
PCT/EP2010/059450 2009-07-10 2010-07-02 Dispositif d'arrêt pour l'arrêt libérable d'un élément mobile WO2011003827A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009033468.8 2009-07-10
DE102009033468A DE102009033468B3 (de) 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 Feststellvorrichtung zum lösbaren Arretieren eines Verstellteils

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WO2011003827A1 true WO2011003827A1 (fr) 2011-01-13

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019185081A1 (fr) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 Edscha Engineering Gmbh Système de freinage pour dispositif d'entraînement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202011105322U1 (de) * 2011-09-03 2012-12-10 Kiekert Aktiengesellschaft Feststellvorrichtung für eine Tür, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugtür

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1457630A2 (fr) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-15 Stabilus GmbH Dispositif d'arrêt à blocage continue
WO2009007400A1 (fr) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Coburg Dispositif de fixation d'un véhicule automobile pour bloquer une pièce de véhicule automobile déplaçable

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1457630A2 (fr) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-15 Stabilus GmbH Dispositif d'arrêt à blocage continue
WO2009007400A1 (fr) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Coburg Dispositif de fixation d'un véhicule automobile pour bloquer une pièce de véhicule automobile déplaçable

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019185081A1 (fr) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 Edscha Engineering Gmbh Système de freinage pour dispositif d'entraînement
CN112088237A (zh) * 2018-03-28 2020-12-15 埃德沙工程有限公司 用于驱动设备的制动装置
CN112088237B (zh) * 2018-03-28 2022-06-03 埃德沙工程有限公司 用于驱动设备的制动装置
US11971074B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2024-04-30 Edscha Engineering Gmbh Brake arrangement for a drive apparatus

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