Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4291—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from polyester forming components containing monoepoxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
  • C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
  • C08G18/4241—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in combination with polycarboxylic acids and/or polyhydroxy compounds which are at least trifunctional
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
  • C08G18/4261—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups prepared by oxyalkylation of polyesterpolyols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4263—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing carboxylic acid groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
  • C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G63/914—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/916—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
  • C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
  • C08G77/46—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for producing a polyurethane polymer, comprising the step of the reaction of
• polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups with
• polyisocyanates which are selected from the group comprising tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane and / or isophorone diisocyanate.
• the invention further relates to polyurethane polymers prepared by such a process.
• polyester polyols for the production of polyurethane polymers have primary hydroxyl end groups as a consequence of the ⁇ , ⁇ -diols used for their construction.
• diols with fully or partially secondary hydroxyl end groups such as 1,2-propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol leads to polyester polyols which are end-capped as are the diols building them.
• 1,2-propylene glycol about 50% of the hydroxyl end groups would be secondary.
• Diols which have only secondary hydroxyl end groups such as 2,3-butanediol play no role due to the amounts available in the market and the price on an industrial scale.
• To make matters worse in all secondary hydroxyl-containing diols in the polyester synthesis added that the reaction rate with dicarboxylic acids is lower.
• polyester polyols prepared from such polyesters are significantly worse than those of such polyurethanes obtained from ⁇ , ⁇ -diols.
• conventional polyester polyols prepared with the mentioned diols having at least partially secondary hydroxyl end groups are both more expensive in manufacturing costs, more expensive in material costs, and less suitable for producing high quality polyurethanes. Therefore, in contrast to polyether polyols, polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups have hitherto had no relevant technical significance. It would be desirable to have polyester polyols which contain ⁇ , ⁇ -diol units in their interior and a secondary hydroxyl moiety at their chain end.
• Such a structure would result in a reduced reactivity towards polyisocyanates and, for example, in the field of flexible polyurethane foams, it would be possible to use them in addition to Amine catalysts, which mainly drive the water reaction, also use additional urethanization catalysts such as tin salts.
• Amine catalysts which mainly drive the water reaction
• additional urethanization catalysts such as tin salts.
• this opens up the possibility, widely used in the field of polyether polyurethane foams, of better matching these two reactions with one another and thereby, for example, to obtain processing advantages in the production of polyester-polyurethane flexible foams.
• polyester-polyol synthesis The functionalization of carboxyl groups in the polyester-polyol synthesis is disclosed in DE 36 13 875 Al.
• a hydroxyl number of about 20 to about 400 and a functionality of preferably 2 to 3 polycarboxylic acids and / or their anhydrides and polyhydric alcohols are condensed. This is advantageously done in the absence of conventional esterification catalysts at temperatures of 150 ° C to 250 0 C and optionally under reduced pressure.
• the tertiary amine is selected from the group consisting of N-methylimidazole, diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.
• the catalyst is expediently used in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0% by weight, based on the polycondensate weight.
• the esterification mixture is polycondensed to an acid number of 20 to 5. It is stated as essential that the melt condensation is not stopped too early. For example, when alkoxylated at an acid value of 25 or greater, the water content of the esterification mixture is excessively high. However, this would result in undesirable side reactions. If the synthesis of the polyesters is stopped at an acid number of 20 to 5, this means that there is already a comparatively high proportion of terminal, derived from the alcohol component and therefore usually primary hydroxyl groups.
• EP 0 010 805 A1 discloses a powder coating based on carboxyl group-terminated polyesters, an epoxy compound and a choline compound of the formula [Y-CH 2 -CH 2 -N - (- CH 3 ) 3] + "X n - , in which X OR or -OC (O) -R and R is hydrogen or a C ] -4 o group and X n ⁇ is an anion.
• Y is OH or a group -O-C (O) -R.
• epoxy compound has, on average, two or more epoxy groups per molecule.
• the epoxy compound is used here to crosslink polyester molecules with each other and not to build OH-terminated polyester molecules.
• DE 28 49 549 A1 discloses a process for the preparation of polyether-polyester polyols by reacting a polyether polyol with a polycarboxylic acid anhydride to give an acid half ester.
• Acid half ester is in the presence of 50 to 100 ppm, based on the starting
• Polyether polyol a trialkylamine having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain performed. However, the resulting polyol is still based on polyethers rather than on
• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyurethane polymer comprising the step of the reaction of
• polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups which are obtainable from the reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polyester with an epoxide of the general formula (1):
• Rl is an alkyl radical or an aryl radical and wherein the carboxyl-terminated polyester having an acid number of> 25 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 400 mg KOH / g and a hydroxyl value of ⁇ 5 mg KOH / g having
• Bl polyisocyanates which are selected from the group comprising tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (Hi 2 -MDI) and / or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI); B2) prepolymers of the polyisocyanates mentioned in Bl); - A -
• Polyester polyols in the production of polyurethane polymers such as polyurethane foams and in particular polyurethane flexible foams a wider range of catalyst systems can be used.
• tin catalysts can sometimes be used as a replacement for amine catalysts.
• a lower proportion of amine catalysts has a favorable effect on properties such as odor and aging resistance of the polyurethanes.
• 2,4-TDI 2,6-
• the acid number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined from the DIN 53402 standard and can also be> 30 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 300 mg KOH / g or> 50 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 250 mg KOH / g.
• the hydroxyl number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined on the basis of DIN 53240 and can also be ⁇ 3 mg KOH / g or ⁇ 1 rag KOH / g.
• the alcohol component from which the carboxyl-terminated polyester is synthesized is an ⁇ , ⁇ -polyol, in particular an ⁇ , ⁇ -diol or at least 90 mol% of an ⁇ , ⁇ -diol.
• polyesters comprising carboxyl end groups are suitable, provided that they comply with the conditions of the acid and catalyst according to the invention
• Polyester carboxylates can be prepared by polycondensation of low molecular weight polyols and low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids, including their anhydrides, and their alkyl esters. Furthermore, hydroxycarboxylic acids including their internal anhydrides (lactones) can be used or co-used.
• the polyestercarboxylates which can be used according to the invention have predominantly carboxyl end groups.
• the end groups can be present in a proportion of> 90 mol%,> 95 mol% or> 98 mol% of carboxyl groups.
• they have hydroxyl end groups only to a very minor extent, as is apparent from the specification according to the invention of the hydroxyl numbers.
• the number of carboxyl end groups may exceed the number of hydroxyl end groups by> 5-fold or even> 10-fold.
• Suitable polyester carboxylates may have molecular weights in the range from> 400 Da to ⁇ 10000 Da, preferably from> 450 to ⁇ 6000 Da.
• the number of carboxyl end groups in the polyester carboxylate can be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
• the average functionality of the polyester carboxylates may be, for example,> 2 to ⁇ 3.
• Low molecular weight polyols which can be used to prepare the polyestercarboxylates are in particular those having hydroxyl functionalities of> 2 to ⁇ 8. They have, for example,> 2 to ⁇ 36, preferably> 2 to ⁇ 12 C atoms.
• the polyols are .alpha.,. Omega.-polyols, in particular .alpha.,. Omega.-diols or at least 90 mol% of .alpha.,. Omega.-diols.
• polyols from the group comprising ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and their higher homologs, furthermore 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol and their higher homologs, furthermore 2-methylpropanediol-1, 3, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentanediol-1,5 , furthermore glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane and / or carbohydrates having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as isosorbide. Also usable are 1, 2-propanediol,
• mixtures of polyols can be used, said polyols contribute at least 90 mol% of all hydroxyl groups.
• Low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids which can be used to prepare the polyestercarboxylates or their acid equivalents, for example anhydrides, have, in particular, 2 to 36, preferably 2 to
• the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic or aromatic.
• They can be selected from the group comprising succinic acid, fumaric acid,
• hydroxycarboxylic acids including their internal anhydrides (lactones), are used or co-used, they are preferably derived from the group of caprolactone or 6-hydroxycaproic acid.
• the polycondensation is preferably carried out without catalyst, but can also be catalyzed by the catalysts known in the art.
• the polycondensation can be carried out by conventional methods, for example at elevated temperature, in vacuo, as azeotropic esterification and after the nitrogen blowing process.
• the polycondensation is not stopped at a certain stage, but with removal of the water formed to a very complete conversion of the OH groups of the alcohol to form carboxyl
• the epoxide of the general formula (1) is a terminal epoxide having a substituent R 1 which may be an alkyl group or an aryl group.
• R 1 which may be an alkyl group or an aryl group.
• alkyl generally in the context of the entire invention comprises substituents from the group n-alkyl, branched alkyl and / or cycloalkyl.
• aryl generally includes, in the context of the entire invention, substituents from the group of mononuclear carbo- or heteroaryl substituents and / or polynuclear carbo- or heteroaryl substituents.
• the molar ratio of epoxide to carboxyl end group in the process according to the invention can be, for example, in a range from> 0.9: 1 to ⁇ 10: 1, preferably from> 0.95: 1 to ⁇ 5: 1, and more preferably from> 0, 98: 1 to ⁇ 3: 1.
• the reaction of the polyester carboxylates with the epoxide takes place in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one nitrogen atom in the molecule.
• the amount of this nitrogen-containing catalyst based on the total mass of the reaction mixture, for example,> 10 ppm to ⁇ 10,000 ppm, preferably> 50 ppm to ⁇ 5000 ppm and more preferably> 100 ppm to ⁇ 2000 ppm.
• the reaction of the carboxyl groups of the polyester with the epoxide results in ring opening, depending on the location of the attack on the epoxy ring primary or secondary alcohols.
• >80%,> 90% or> 95% of the carboxyl groups react with the epoxide and it is preferably a proportion of secondary hydroxyl groups of> 50 mol% to ⁇ 100 mol% or> 60 mol% to ⁇ 85 mol%.
• the polyisocyanates of group Bl) are initially not further limited in terms of the isomers of individual members of the group. For example, 2,4-TDI or 2,6-TDI and, in the case of MDI, the 2,2'-, 2,4'- and 4,4'-isomers can be used.
• polymeric MDI may contain 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 MDI monomers.
• the prepolymers mentioned in group B2) can be, for example, reaction products of the polyisocyanates B1) with polyester polyols A) or else any other polyols.
• the allophanates, ureas, biurets, isocyanurates, uretdiones and / or carbodiimides of the polyisocyanates B1) mentioned in group B3) can be derivatives of the individual polyisocyanates or else any desired mixed derivatives of the polyisocyanates with one another and with one another.
• the carbodiimide / uretonimine derivatives of the polyisocyanates B1) mentioned in group B4) are obtained with elimination of carbon dioxide by heating the isocyanates with suitable catalysts.
• catalysts from the phospholine oxide series are used.
• carbodiimides / Uretonimines of 4,4'-MDI (Desmodur CD-S ® from Bayer MaterialScience AG).
• the preparation of the polyurethane polymers by the process according to the invention can be carried out with the aid of auxiliaries and additives known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, water, blowing agents, emulsifiers, foam stabilizers, fillers, etc. Furthermore, the usual ratios for the ratio between NCO and OH groups such as 95, 100 or 105 can be adjusted.
• the polyester comprising polyesters A) of the carboxyl end groups is prepared by using per mole of hydroxyl groups of an alcohol> 1.03 mol to ⁇ 1.90 mol of carboxyl groups or carboxyl group equivalents of an acid component.
• the excess of the carboxyl groups or their equivalents such as anhydrides makes it possible to achieve that a predominant part of the end groups or even all end groups of the polyester are carboxyl groups. In the subsequent reaction with the epoxide, these can then be converted further to the corresponding alcohols.
• the excess of carboxyl groups may also be> 1.04 moles to ⁇ 1.85 moles or> 1.05 moles to ⁇ 1.5 moles per mole of hydroxyl groups.
• the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups is prepared immediately before the reaction with the epoxide of the general formula (1).
• the reaction with the epoxide is carried out using a catalyst having at least one nitrogen atom per molecule.
• the reaction is carried out by adding the epoxide to the reaction mixture from the polyester synthesis. This is advantageously done in the same production plant. This saves production time.
• the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be obtained from the reaction of
• Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and their higher homologues 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 2-
• Succinic acid fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid,
• Phthalic anhydride isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid and / or caprolactone.
• R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert Butyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl. It is preferred here that R 1 is methyl.
• the epoxide used is propylene oxide.
• the reaction with the epoxide of the general formula (1) takes place in the production of the polyester A) at a temperature of> 70 0 C to ⁇ 150 0 C.
• the reaction temperature may preferably be> 80 0 C to ⁇ 130 0 C.
• the molar fraction of secondary hydroxyl groups is> 50 mol% to ⁇ 100 mol%. This is understood to mean the molar fraction in the polyester polyol as a whole, that is to say not related to a single molecule. It can be determined, for example, by ⁇ -NMR spectroscopy. The proportion can also be> 60 mol% to ⁇ 99 mol%. The greater the proportion of secondary hydroxyl groups in the polyester polyol, the slower the reaction rate in polyurethane production and the more opportunities arise in the variation of the catalysts.
• the reaction of the carboxyl-terminated polyester with the epoxide of the general formula (1) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one nitrogen atom per molecule.
• a catalyst comprising at least one nitrogen atom per molecule.
• R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• R 2 and R 3 together with the N atom carrying them form an aliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle
• n is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• R4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• R4 stands for - (CH 2) x -N (R41) (R42), where:
• R41 and R42 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; or R41 and R42, together with the N atom carrying them, form an aliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle;
• x is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• R5 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• n and o are independently an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
• Amines of the general formula (2) can be described in the broadest sense as amino alcohols or their ethers.
• R4 is hydrogen
• the catalysts can be incorporated into a polyurethane matrix when the polyester polyol is reacted with a polyisocyanate. This is advantageous in order to prevent the escape of the catalyst, which in the case of amines may be accompanied by disadvantageous odor problems, to the polyurethane surface, the so-called "fogging" or VOC (volatile organic compounds) problem.
• Amines of the general formula (3) can be described in the broadest sense as amino (bis) alcohols or their ethers. If R6 or R7 are hydrogen, then these catalysts can also be incorporated in a polyurethane matrix.
• R5 is methyl
• R6 and R7 are hydrogen
• m is 2
• o is 2.
• Such compounds can also be used in certain variants as so-called blowing catalysts, that is to say they preferably catalyze the reaction of the isocyanate groups with water to form carbon dioxide, to a lesser extent also their reaction with hydroxyl groups to form urethane groups. Therefore, this composition can be used immediately further in the production of polyurethanes.
• the amount of said catalyst compounds relative to the polyol according to the invention for example,> 10 ppm to ⁇ 10,000 ppm, preferably> 50 ppm to ⁇ 5000 ppm and more preferably> 100 ppm to ⁇ 2000 ppm.
• catalysts comprising tin which comprise a proportion of the total amount of catalyst used in the preparation of the polyurethane polymer of> 5 are used in the preparation of the polyurethane polymer
• urethanization catalysts In addition to sulfur-containing compounds such as di-n-octyl-tin mercaptide are preferably tin (II) - salts of carboxylic acids such as stannous acetate, stannous octoate, stannous ethylhexanoate and stannous laurate and the tin (IV) compounds such as dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate.
• tin (II) - salts of carboxylic acids such as stannous acetate, stannous octoate, stannous ethylhexanoate and stannous laurate
• tin (IV) compounds such as dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin dia
• the amount of catalyst in% by weight refers to the catalyst as such and not to a catalyst composition used, for example a solution of the catalyst in a solvent.
• the proportions lacking 100% by weight of the amount of catalyst can be, for example, in the preparation of amine catalysts used in such polyurethanes. It is preferred that the content of amine catalysts is as low as possible.
• the proportion can also be in a range from> 6% by weight to ⁇ 80% by weight or from> 7% by weight to ⁇ 50% by weight.
• a combination with amine catalysts which mainly drive the water reaction, also opens up the possibility, which is widely used in the field of polyether polyurethane foams, for polyester polyurethane foams, of better harmonizing the urethanization and the water reactions.
• the polyisocyanate B) is tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) with a proportion of the 2,4-isomer of> 75% by weight to ⁇ 100% by weight. It is preferably the commercially available low-cost isomer mixture under the technical name T80, ie 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in a ratio of 80% by weight to 20% by weight.
• T80 the technical name
• ie 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in a ratio of 80% by weight to 20% by weight.
• Another object of the present invention is a polyurethane polymer, which is obtainable by a method according to the invention. Above all, it can be obtained by a erf ⁇ ndungswashes method.
• the case where the polyol used for the production is derived from the reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polyester with propylene oxide can be analyzed by means of isocyanatolyne of the polyurethane.
• the characteristic signal of the originating from the propylene oxide methyl group at the chain end of the polyol, which is in the immediate vicinity of the urethane group after isocyanato, in the ⁇ -NMR spectrum can be recognized (JT flour, R. Murgasova, X. Dong, DM Hercules and H. Nefzger, Analytical Chemistry (2000), 72 (11), 2490-2498).
• polyesters obtained by ethoxylation of carboxyl end groups can be recognized in most cases. The only exception is those polyesters that have been used or co-used with ethylene glycol.
• polyurethane flexible foam In one embodiment of the polyurethane polymer according to the invention, this is present as polyurethane flexible foam.
• Flexible polyurethane foams for the purposes of the present invention are those polyurethane polymers and in particular foams whose density in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98 in the range of> 10 kg / m 3 to ⁇ 150 kg / m 3 Hegt and their compression hardness according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98 in the range of> 0.5 kPa to ⁇ 20 kPa (at 40 % Deformation).
• DEG diethylene glycol
• TMP 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
• Adipic acid ex BASF
• Desmophen VP-PU 60WB01 Polyester polyol with only primary OH end groups; ex Bayer MaterialScience
• RCA 117 N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, sold as RC-PUR Activator 117 / Addocat 117 ex
• Niax A30 about 50% by weight solution of bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether in isononylphenol ethoxylate; ex Momentive Performance Materials
• Niax Al 70% by weight solution of bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether in dipropylene glycol; ex
• Dabco 33 LV 33% by weight solution of 2,2,2-diazabicyclooctane in propylene glycol; ex Aldrich
• Desmodur T80 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the ratio of 80:20; ex Bayer
• Ratio of the primary and secondary OH groups by means of 1 H-NMR (Bruker DPX 400, deuterochloroform)
• Viscosity 1750 mPas (75 0 C)
• polyestercarboxylate PESC-I used in Example 1, practically all carboxyl end groups and no hydroxyl end groups are present. This can be read on the basis of the hydroxyl numbers after the reaction to the polyester, which are below 1 mg KOH / g.
• the reaction of the polyester carboxylates with the epoxide also proceeds virtually quantitatively on all carboxyl groups of the polyester carboxylate. The conversion is recognized by the low acid number and the hydroxyl number, which corresponds well to the original acid number of the polyester carboxylate PESC-I. So per carboxyl group an OH group was formed.
• the catalyst MDEA makes it possible to obtain desired secondary OH end groups in a proportion of 68%.

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