WO2010146888A1 - 光スポット形成素子、光記録ヘッド及び光記録装置 - Google Patents
光スポット形成素子、光記録ヘッド及び光記録装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010146888A1 WO2010146888A1 PCT/JP2010/051948 JP2010051948W WO2010146888A1 WO 2010146888 A1 WO2010146888 A1 WO 2010146888A1 JP 2010051948 W JP2010051948 W JP 2010051948W WO 2010146888 A1 WO2010146888 A1 WO 2010146888A1
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- light
- light spot
- forming element
- layer
- refractive index
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
- G11B5/313—Disposition of layers
- G11B5/3133—Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure
- G11B5/314—Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure where the layers are extra layers normally not provided in the transducing structure, e.g. optical layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
- G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
- G11B7/1387—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector using the near-field effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
- G11B2005/0005—Arrangements, methods or circuits
- G11B2005/0021—Thermally assisted recording using an auxiliary energy source for heating the recording layer locally to assist the magnetization reversal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/60—Fluid-dynamic spacing of heads from record-carriers
- G11B5/6005—Specially adapted for spacing from a rotating disc using a fluid cushion
- G11B5/6088—Optical waveguide in or on flying head
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
- G11B7/122—Flying-type heads, e.g. analogous to Winchester type in magnetic recording
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical spot forming element, an optical recording head, and an optical recording apparatus.
- the heat-assisted magnetic recording method stabilizes the recorded magnetic bit by locally heating during recording, causing magnetic softening, recording in a state where the coercive force is small, and then stopping the heating and naturally cooling. It is a method to guarantee sex.
- the heat-assisted magnetic recording method it is desirable to instantaneously heat the recording medium during recording, and the heating mechanism and the recording medium are not allowed to contact each other. For this reason, heating is generally performed by utilizing absorption of light, and the method of using light for heating is called a light-assisted method.
- the light used is heated. A minute light spot below the wavelength is required.
- the optical recording head described in Patent Document 1 includes a write magnetic pole, and a waveguide having a core layer and a cladding layer adjacent to the write magnetic pole.
- the core layer is provided with a diffraction grating (also referred to as a grating coupler) that introduces light into the core layer.
- a diffraction grating also referred to as a grating coupler
- the laser light is coupled to the core layer.
- the light coupled to the core layer converges on a focal point located near the tip of the core layer, the recording medium is heated by the light emitted from the tip, and writing is performed by the writing magnetic pole.
- the element having a waveguide with a condensing function is called a waveguide type solid immersion mirror (PSIM), and the PSIM described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a diffraction grating. Yes. Considering the ratio of the amount of light collected by the PSIM with respect to the amount of light incident on this diffraction grating (light use efficiency), the angle of light incident on the diffraction grating at the wavelength of the incident light is an appropriate angle. Exists.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a semiconductor laser in which a metal light-shielding body having a coaxial opening is arranged on the end face of a semiconductor laser resonator as a method for forming a minute light spot.
- Patent Document 1 only describes that light from a light source arranged separately from the PSIM is irradiated with being inclined with respect to the diffraction grating, and the light from the light source is changed in the incident angle. There is no description of a specific method for leading to the diffraction grating without the occurrence of. Further, the efficiency of introducing the laser light into the PSIM changes due to the wavelength variation of the light from the light source. For this reason, a stable light spot cannot be formed due to a relative positional shift or wavelength fluctuation between the PSIM and the light source.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light spot forming element that forms a small light spot that is easy to handle, efficiently, and stably, and optical recording using the same.
- a head and an optical recording apparatus are provided.
- a plasmon antenna In the vicinity of the position where the light spot is formed, a plasmon antenna is provided that generates plasmons by irradiating the condensed light, amplifies the plasmons, and takes out as near-field light that becomes the light spots. 2.
- the light spot forming element as described in 1 above.
- the condensing unit has two side surfaces that substantially define the outline of the parabola, and a light exit surface that is defined by the end portions of the two side surfaces and near the position where the light spot is formed.
- An optical waveguide having a core layer provided with a tip portion 3. The light spot formation according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the light emitted from the laser oscillation unit is introduced from an optical entrance defined by end portions of the two side surfaces opposite to the tip portion. element.
- the condensing unit is disposed along an optical path from the end of the laser oscillation unit to a position where the light spot is formed, one end is located away from the end of the laser oscillation unit, and the other An end is located at a position where the light spot is formed, and a core having a smaller cross-sectional area at one end than the other end;
- the light spot forming element according to 1 or 2 wherein a refractive index of the cladding material is smaller than a refractive index of the core material.
- An optical recording head comprising: the optical spot forming element according to any one of 1 to 5; and a slider that moves relative to the recording medium.
- the optical recording head described in 6 above comprising a magnetic recording unit;
- An optical recording apparatus comprising: the recording medium on which information is recorded by the optical recording head.
- a laser oscillation unit that oscillates only light of a specific wavelength on the same substrate and a condensing unit that condenses the light emitted from the laser oscillation unit are provided.
- the laser oscillation unit and the condensing unit can be handled as a single unit, and the positional relationship between the laser oscillation unit and the condensing unit does not shift even during operation, and the laser oscillation unit emits light from the laser oscillation unit.
- the collected light is stably condensed without wavelength fluctuation.
- an optical spot forming element that forms a minute light spot that is easy to handle and efficiently, and an optical recording head and an optical recording apparatus using the optical spot forming element.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross section of an optical recording head and its peripheral portion.
- the present invention relates to a light spot forming element that irradiates a minute region with a laser beam.
- This optical spot forming element can be used for, for example, a magneto-optical recording medium or an optical recording head for recording on an optical recording medium.
- an optically assisted magnetic recording head and an optically assisted recording apparatus including the optically assisted magnetic recording head according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
- the same or corresponding parts in the respective embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an optical recording apparatus (for example, a hard disk apparatus) equipped with an optically assisted magnetic recording head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical recording apparatus 100 includes the following (1) to (6) in the housing 101.
- Recording disk (recording medium) 102 (2) Suspension 104 supported by arm 105 that is rotatably provided in the direction of arrow A (tracking direction) with support shaft 106 as a fulcrum.
- Tracking actuator 107 attached to arm 105 and rotationally driving arm 105 (4)
- An optically assisted magnetic recording head (hereinafter referred to as an optical recording head 103) including the suspension 104 and the slider 30 attached to the tip of the suspension 104 via a coupling member 104a.
- the optical recording apparatus 100 is configured such that the slider 30 can move relatively while floating on the disk 102.
- FIG. 2 conceptually shows, in section, the configuration of the optical recording head 103 according to the present invention.
- the optical recording head 103 is an optical recording head that uses light for information recording on the disk 102, and includes a slider 30, a light spot forming element 70 according to the present invention, a magnetic recording unit 35, a magnetic information reproducing unit 36, and the like. Yes.
- the light spot forming element 70 of FIG. 2 when a specific example is described below, another reference numeral is added to the reference numeral 70 to indicate the light spot forming elements 70A, 70A-1, 70B, and 70B-1. .
- the slider 30 moves relative to the disk 102, which is a magnetic recording medium, while flying, and it is desirable to use a hard material with high wear resistance as the material of the slider 30, for example, Al 2 O 3.
- a hard material with high wear resistance as the material of the slider 30, for example, Al 2 O 3.
- a ceramic material containing Al, AlTiC, zirconia, TiN, or the like may be used.
- a surface treatment such as a DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) coating may be performed on the surface of the slider 30 on the disk 102 side in order to increase wear resistance.
- the surface of the slider 30 facing the disk 102 has an air bearing surface 32 (also referred to as an ABS (Air Bearing Surface) surface) for improving the flying characteristics.
- ABS Air Bearing Surface
- the flying of the slider 30 needs to be stabilized in the state of being close to the disk 102, and it is necessary to appropriately apply a pressure for suppressing the flying force to the slider 30. Therefore, the suspension 104 that holds the slider 30 has a function of appropriately applying a pressure that suppresses the flying force of the slider 30 in addition to the function of tracking the slider 30.
- a light spot forming element 70 is provided on the side surface on the inflow side of the disk 102 that is substantially perpendicular to the recording surface of the disk 102.
- the light spot forming element 70 includes a laser oscillating unit that generates laser light and a condensing unit that condenses the light emitted from the laser oscillating unit and guides it to the lower end surface 24.
- the laser oscillation unit will be described below as a semiconductor laser, but can be an organic dye laser in addition to the semiconductor laser.
- a plasmon antenna 24d (see FIG. 3) that generates near-field light is provided on the lower end surface 24 of the condensing part as a preferred form. In FIG. 2, a plasmon antenna 24d, which will be described later, provided at or near the position where the light on the lower end surface 24 is emitted is omitted.
- the temperature of the irradiated portion of the disk 102 is temporarily increased. And the coercive force of the disk 102 decreases. Magnetic information is written by the magnetic recording unit 35 in the portion where the coercive force is reduced.
- the magnetic reproducing unit 36 for reading the magnetic recording information written on the disk 102 is provided immediately after the magnetic recording unit 35 in the moving direction of the rotating disk 102 (in the direction of the arrow 102a). It may be provided immediately before.
- the light spot forming element 70 will be described.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic configuration of a light spot forming element 70A having a semiconductor laser oscillation section (hereinafter referred to as an oscillation section) 51 and a condensing section 52A as a specific example of the light spot forming element 70.
- 3A is a top view of the light spot forming element 70A
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G ′ of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 3B the protective film 9 covering the upper surface side is shown, but in FIG. 3A, this protective film 9 is omitted.
- the oscillator 51 will be described.
- the oscillation unit 51 is formed on the substrate 1, the second cladding layer 2 formed on one main surface of the substrate 1, the active layer 3 formed on the second cladding layer 2, and the active layer 3.
- the semiconductor laminated portion having the first cladding layer 5 and the contact layer 6, the first electrode 7 formed on the contact layer 6, and the other main surface of the substrate 1 opposite to the one main surface are formed.
- the second electrode 8 is provided.
- the oscillating unit 51 has a photonic crystal structure that is preferable for a periodic refractive index distribution used with a laser resonator.
- the substrate 1 is, for example, an n-type GaAs substrate (refractive index: 3.524).
- the second cladding layer 2 is, for example, an n-type semiconductor layer that uses electrons as carriers, and is formed of, for example, n-type Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 As (refractive index: 3.306).
- the first cladding layer 5 is a p-type semiconductor layer having, for example, holes (holes) as carriers, for example, p-type Al x Ga (1-x) As (generally, x is 0.0 to 0.6).
- the contact layer 6 is a p-type semiconductor layer having, for example, holes (holes) as carriers, and is made of, for example, p + -type GaAs.
- each semiconductor layer in the first cladding layer 5 and the second cladding layer 2 is not limited to the above.
- a structure having p-type and n-type semiconductor layers having different conductivity types on the upper layer (on the first cladding layer 5 side) of the active layer 3 may be used, such as a buried tunnel junction (BTJ) type. .
- BTJ buried tunnel junction
- the active layer 3 is sandwiched between the second cladding layer 2 and the semiconductor layer composed of the contact layer 6 and the first cladding layer 5, and generates (emits) light by carrier injection.
- the active layer 3 can employ known general materials and structures, and the materials, structures, and the like are selected so as to emit light having a wavelength corresponding to the intended use.
- the active layer 3 may have a strained quantum well structure including, for example, a three-period InGaAs well layer, a GaAs barrier layer, and a separation confinement layer (SCH (Separate Confinement Heterostructure) layer).
- SCH Separatate Confinement Heterostructure
- the first cladding layer 5 and the second cladding layer 2 are formed of a material having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the active layer 3 (for example, 3.54 in the case of the above-described strained quantum well structure). It also has the function of confining light.
- the refractive index of the first cladding layer 5 is preferably higher than the refractive index of the second cladding layer 2. Even if a photonic crystal structure is formed by increasing the refractive index of the first cladding layer 5, the average refractive index of the first cladding layer 5 does not decrease too much. This prevents a decrease in the proportion of light distributed in the layer in which the photonic crystal structure is formed, and thus prevents a decrease in the proportion of light coupled to the photonic crystal structure (referred to as an optical coupling coefficient). .
- the first cladding layer 5 and the second cladding layer 2 form a double heterojunction with the active layer 3 interposed therebetween, confine carriers, and concentrate carriers contributing to light emission in the active layer 3.
- the contact layer 6 is disposed between the first electrode 7 and the first clad layer 5 and electrically connects them.
- a carrier stop layer (for example, Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 As) that functions as a potential barrier against electrons traveling from the active layer 3 to the first cladding layer 5 due to carrier overflow between the first cladding layer 5 and the active layer 3.
- Other layers such as refractive index: 3.195 may be interposed.
- the photonic crystal structure preferably has a two-dimensional refractive index period.
- the periodic structure for example, when the concave portion has a stripe groove shape extending in the x direction and has a one-dimensional refractive index period having a period in the y direction, the wavelength is stable as compared with a Fabry-Perot (FP) type laser.
- FP Fabry-Perot
- the width of the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 is increased in accordance with the width Wm of the light entrance of the condensing unit 52A described later, the light intensity distribution / oscillation wavelength in the lateral (width) direction becomes multimode. End up. For this reason, it is preferable that the periodic structure has a refractive index period in two dimensions in the x direction and the y direction.
- the oscillating unit 51 has a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure that spreads in the x direction and the y direction, so that it is wide enough to efficiently introduce light into the light collecting unit 52A, and is coherent in a single mode. Laser light can be oscillated.
- substances having a refractive index different from those of the substances forming the first cladding layer 5 and the contact layer 6 are orthogonal to each other as lattice points. It is formed by arranging in two directions x and y with a predetermined period (lattice interval, lattice constant).
- the lattice point is a square lattice of a preferable form configured by the cylindrical recesses 10 formed in the first cladding layer 5 and the contact layer 6, but is not limited thereto.
- a rectangular lattice may be used.
- the shape of the recess 10 is a cylindrical shape, but is not limited to this shape, and may be a quadrangular prism, a triangular prism, a conical shape, or the like.
- the inside of the recess of the recess 10 may be filled with a material having a refractive index different from the refractive index of the material forming the first cladding layer 5.
- the material of the first cladding layer 5 may be Al x Ga (1-x).
- x 0.0 to 0.6
- wavelength 980 nm the material filling the recess 10 Is SiO 2 (refractive index 1.5), SiN (refractive index 2.0), or the like.
- the inside of the recess of the recess 10 may be air from the viewpoint of the refractive index, but the first electrode 7 is made to fill by filling the above-described SiO 2 (refractive index 1.5), SiN (refractive index 2.0), or the like. This is preferable because it can be provided flat and oxidation inside the recess 10 can be prevented.
- the recess 10 depends on the manufacturing method, when it is formed by etching from the contact layer 6 side, it is formed at least on the surface in contact with the first electrode 7, and this photonic crystal structure is laser-oscillated in the active layer 3. Select the wavelength of light to be used. As shown in FIG. 3A, when viewed from the contact layer 6 side, the region where the recess 10 is formed is a strip shape having a length Lp and a width Wp, leaking from the active layer 3, and a two-dimensional photonic crystal Of the light incident on the structure, light whose wavelength matches the periodic interval of the recesses 10 in the strip shape resonates.
- the oscillation unit 51 carriers are injected into the active layer 3 by applying a voltage between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 that cover the recess 10, and the active layer 3 emits light at a voltage value greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
- the light generated in the active layer 3 leaks into the photonic crystal structure and oscillates.
- the condensing part 52A can be provided at one end of the oscillation part 51.
- the oscillation wavelength is stabilized by the photonic crystal structure, and there is no concern that the light converging characteristic varies due to the wavelength variation due to the mode hop in the FP type laser due to the stabilization of the oscillation wavelength, thereby affecting the formed light spot. .
- the length Lp is preferably equal to or longer than the length at which the laser oscillation and the oscillation wavelength are stable.
- the width Wp is preferably determined based on the width Wm of the light entrance that can be conceptually determined by the distance between the two parabolic sides of the outer peripheral contour of the condensing unit 52A described later.
- the light entrance is an entrance where the condensing unit 52A receives the laser light emitted from the oscillation unit 51, and light entering from the light entrance of the condensing unit 52A with a substantially width Wp is a condensing function of the condensing unit 52A. Is condensed to form a light spot. It is preferable that the width Wp be such that light emitted from the oscillating unit 51 can be introduced from the introduction port of the light collecting unit 52A without leakage and a light spot having a desired light density can be formed.
- the condensing part 52A will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the condensing part 52A has a core part 521 and a protective film 9 functioning as a cladding on the substrate 1 on which the oscillation part 51 is formed.
- the second cladding layer 2, the core portion 521, and the protective film 9 constitute an optical waveguide.
- the core part 521 has the same semiconductor laminated part as the oscillation part 51 in the thickness direction, and the active layer 3, the first cladding layer 5 and the contact layer 6 in the semiconductor laminated part are arranged on the outer sides of the side surfaces 521a and 521b. The shape is such that the outer part is removed so that the contour is parabolic.
- the condensing section 52A, the side surface 521a, a second cladding layer 2 outside the 521b, parabolic sides 521a, 521b and the upper surface of the first electrode 7 side of the contact layer 6 has a refractive index lower than SiO 2 of the core portion 521
- the protective film 9 is covered.
- the protective film 9 functions as a clad because its refractive index is smaller than that of the core portion 521, and constitutes a waveguide together with the second clad layer 2 and the core portion 521.
- the laser light that oscillates in a substantially width Wp and travels in the + y direction due to the photonic crystal structure of the oscillating unit 51 is confined inside the core unit 521 and travels in the direction of the arrow 25.
- the side surfaces 521a and 521b of the core portion 521 constitute a substantially parabolic outline that reflects toward the focal point F so that light traveling in the + y direction (in the direction of the arrow 25) having a substantially width Wp is collected at the focal point F. It is formed as follows. In FIG. 3, the center axis whose contour is symmetrical to the parabola is indicated by an axis C (a line perpendicular to the quasi-line (not shown) and passing through the focal point F), and the focal point of the parabola is indicated as the focal point F. Since the thickness (z direction) of the side surfaces 521a and 521b is very thin, for example, about 1 ⁇ m, the outline of the core portion 521 is substantially defined.
- the two end portions on the oscillating portion 51 side are on the light incident side, and an optical entrance having a conceptual width Wm that accepts a laser beam having a substantially width Wp from the oscillating portion 51. Is specified. Further, the two end portions on the light exit side located on the side opposite to the light entrance are on the lower end surface 24 having a planar shape such that the tip of the parabola is cut in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis C, Define the light exit surface.
- the focal point F can be arranged closer to the disk 102, and the condensed light diverges greatly. This is preferable because it is incident on the disk 102 before the recording.
- the focal point F may be formed on the lower end surface 24, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the focal point F may be formed outside the lower end surface 24.
- the lower end surface 24 is a flat surface, but it is not necessarily a flat surface.
- a plasmon antenna 24d for generating near-field light is generated at or near the focal point F of the core portion 521 to generate plasmons by irradiating light, amplify the plasmons, and extract the plasmons as near-field light.
- a specific example of the plasmon antenna 24d is shown in FIG.
- (a) is a plasmon antenna 24d made of a triangular flat metal thin film
- (b) is a plasmon antenna 24d made of a bow-tie flat metal thin film, each having a vertex P with a radius of curvature of 20 nm or less. It consists of an antenna.
- (c) is a plasmon antenna 24d made of a flat metal thin film having an opening, and is made of an antenna having a vertex P with a curvature radius of 20 nm or less.
- Examples of the material for the metal thin film of any plasmon antenna 24d include aluminum, gold, and silver.
- the position in the z direction (thickness direction) where the plasmon antenna 24d is disposed on the lower end surface 24 is that the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 travels in the + y direction through the condensing unit 52A.
- the light intensity distribution when reaching it is preferably determined based on the position with the highest light intensity.
- FIG. 4 shows a light spot forming element 70B having a condensing part 52B as an example different from the condensing method of the condensing part 52A shown in FIG.
- the oscillating unit 51 is the same as the light spot forming element 70A shown and described in FIG. 4A is a top view of the light spot forming element 70B
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G ′ of FIG. 4A.
- the condensing part 52B has a core part 522 and a clad part 523 on the substrate 1 on which the oscillation part 51 is formed.
- the core portion 522 has a portion of the active layer 3, the first cladding layer 5 and the contact layer 6 separated from the oscillating portion 51.
- the oscillating portion 51 side is sharp and the opposite side is flat on the same surface as the lower end surface 24. It is an elongated island.
- the clad portion 523 is a space between the lower end surface 24 and the oscillating portion 51 and is a portion in which a material having a lower refractive index than the core portion 522 is buried so as to cover the core portion 522.
- the second cladding layer 2, the core portion 522, and the cladding portion 523 constitute an optical waveguide.
- the + y direction is the light propagation direction
- a clad part 523 (for example, SiO 2 ) having a refractive index lower than that of the core part 522 is provided in the light incident side part of the core part 522.
- Laser light from the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 enters the cladding unit 523, and gradually converges on the core unit 522 having a higher refractive index as the entering light advances in the light propagation direction. For this reason, the light spot size at the beginning of the penetration of the clad portion 523 is reduced and reaches the lower end surface 24 which is the end surface of the core portion 522.
- the laser beam having a substantially width Wp emitted from the oscillating unit 51 can be optically coupled so as to gradually concentrate on the core unit 522 as it travels to the lower end surface 24, and can be reduced to about the width of the core unit 522.
- the core portion 522 has a sharpened portion 522a that gradually changes from the light emission (lower end surface 24) side toward the light incident side (oscillation unit 51 side), and a lower end surface. It is preferable to provide a columnar portion 522b whose cross-sectional shape does not change between the end surface on the 24th side and the sharpened portion 522a.
- the mode field diameter is efficiently converted by the smooth change in the core width of the sharpened portion 522a. That is, the light spot having a substantially width Wp emitted from the oscillating unit 51 is converted into a light spot having a width of about the width of the core unit 522 while the width is reduced. During this conversion, light spot conversion is efficiently performed by a smooth change in the core width Ws of the sharpened portion 522a (the width of the core portion 522 in the x direction).
- the waveguide mode is stabilized and the loss can be suppressed.
- the distance from the tip position of the sharpened portion 522a to the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 is preferably determined based on the width Wp, and the laser beam guided through the condensing unit 52B is set to a single mode by appropriately setting the distance. be able to.
- a sub-core portion having a refractive index between the refractive index of the core portion 522 and the refractive index of the cladding portion 523 may be provided between the core portion 522 and the cladding portion 523.
- the position in the z direction at which the plasmon antenna 24d is arranged on the lower end surface 24 is the same as the condensing unit 52A, and the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 is guided through the condensing unit 52B in the + y direction.
- the light intensity distribution when reaching the lower end surface 24 may be determined based on the position with the highest light intensity.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B show each process.
- the oscillating unit 51 and the condensing unit 52A having a 980 nm band photonic crystal structure using InGaAs as an active layer on a GaAs substrate will be described. It should be noted that other wavelength band material systems such as InGaAsP-based materials on InP substrates, InGaN on GaN substrates, and AlGaN-based materials may be manufactured in the same manner.
- FIGS. 6A1 and 6A2 a semiconductor laser structure is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 1 made of n-type GaAs.
- 6A1 is a top view of the formed semiconductor laser structure
- FIG. 6A2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G ′ in FIG. 6A1.
- a semiconductor laser structure is sequentially grown on a substrate 1 made of n-type GaAs by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, or the like.
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- a second cladding layer 2 (thickness 2.0 ⁇ m) formed of n-type Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 As on the substrate 1, an additive-free InGaAs / GaAs quantum well active layer 3, p A carrier stop layer 4 (thickness 40 nm) formed of type Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 As, a first cladding layer 5 (thickness 0.5 ⁇ m) formed of p-type GaAs, and p + -type GaAs.
- the contact layers 6 (thickness 20 nm) are sequentially stacked.
- the active layer 3 has a strained quantum well structure composed of three periods of an InGaAs well layer (thickness 8 nm), a GaAs barrier layer (thickness 20 nm), and a separation confinement layer (SCH layer) (thickness 20 nm).
- the quantum well emission wavelength is designed to be 980 nm.
- SiO 2 which may be SiN or metal (Ni, Cr, Ti, etc.)
- etching mask layer not shown
- a resist layer electron beam resist, imprint material, etc. is formed by a method such as spin coating.
- a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure pattern and a waveguide pattern having a parabolic outer periphery are formed on the resist layer using an electron beam drawing method or a nanoimprint method, and the pattern formed on the resist layer is formed by RIE (reactive ion etching): reaction Transfer etching to the etching mask layer by dry etching such as ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma).
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the period of the two-dimensional photonic crystal structure pattern is about 290 nm, and the diameter of the opening pattern for forming the recess 10 is about 50 to 200 nm.
- the opening pattern may be matched to the desired shape of the recess 10, and may be square, rectangular, circular, or the like. In this embodiment, the opening pattern is circular according to the shape of the recess 10.
- the concave portion 10 and the condensing portion 52A are formed by etching by dry etching such as ICP or RIE using the etching mask layer 11 to which the pattern is transferred as a mask.
- the outer peripheral contour forms a core part 521 having a parabolic shape.
- the region of the condensing part 52A needs to be etched (deeper) by the carrier stop layer 4 and the active layer 3 than the region of the oscillation part 51.
- FIGS. 6B1 and 6B2 show the state before the etching mask layer 11 is removed.
- the outer sides of the side surfaces 521a and 521b of the outer peripheral contour of the parabolic shape of the core part 521 are 2 The cladding layer 2 is exposed.
- Etching gas may be methane / hydrogen gas, chlorine gas, iodine gas, bromine gas or the like generally used for dry etching of III-V semiconductors.
- the cross section of the two-dimensional photonic crystal structure may be tapered.
- An etching method in this case will be described.
- a hole having a small diameter is formed as an etching mask pattern at the beginning of etching, and the diameter of the mask opening is gradually increased by using the receding of the mask as the etching proceeds.
- an etching condition that strengthens the side wall protection of the recess 10 formed by etching. That is, an etching condition may be used in which a protective film is deposited on the side wall with etching and the hole diameter is reduced.
- the carrier stop layer 4 can be used as an etch stop layer by utilizing the property that the etching rate varies greatly with the Al composition depending on the etching gas.
- FIG. 7A1 is a top view showing a state in which the embedded material 10a is provided on the contact layer 6 of the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51, the recess 10 and the second cladding layer 2 of the condensing unit 52A.
- 7 (a2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG ′ of FIG. 7 (a1).
- the embedding material 10a is a material that is transparent and electrically insulating at the oscillation wavelength of the laser, such as SiO 2 , SiN, SOG (spin on glass), polyimide, BCB (benzocyclobutene), etc. What is necessary is just to use a heat-resistant material that can withstand the heating in the electrode alloying process.
- a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method such as plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition), a sputtering method, a spin coating method, or the like can be used.
- the embedding material 10a is a material that can be used as a protective film with a lower refractive index than the core portion 521 such as SiO 2 .
- the parabolic outer periphery and upper surface of the condensing part 52 ⁇ / b> A and the upper surface of the oscillation part 51 are simultaneously covered with the embedding material 10 a.
- the protective film 9 formed on the light condensing part 52A functions as a clad and, like the protective film 9 formed on the oscillating part 51, the semiconductor laminated part can be prevented from being exposed to the air, and an element caused by oxidation It can be made difficult to deteriorate.
- an opening is provided in the photonic crystal structure region portion of the embedding material 10a by photolithography and etching, the contact layer 6 is exposed, and the opening One electrode 7 is formed. Then, the second electrode 8 is formed on the bottom surface of the substrate 1.
- a metal plasmon antenna 24d described below is formed at the light emission position on the lower end surface 24.
- Cr or the like is deposited as a mask material on the tip surface at the light emission position of the light condensing part 52A, and an inverted mask of the plasmon antenna 24d is formed by EB (Electron Beam) irradiation or the like.
- EB Electro Beam
- gold is deposited as a material for the plasmon antenna 24d, and the mask is lifted off and removed.
- the plasmon antenna 24d may be formed on the tip surface at the light exit position of the condensing unit 52, but is preferably embedded in the tip surface of the condensing unit 52A as shown in FIG.
- etching may be performed before the gold is vapor-deposited to form a mask-shaped depression.
- FIG. 7B1 is a top view of the completed light spot forming element 70A
- FIG. 7B2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G ′ in FIG. 7B1.
- the light spot forming element 70A is provided on the side surface of the slider 30 as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to arrange a portion for emitting the light spot of the light spot forming element 70A near the magnetic recording portion 35.
- the first electrode 7 side of the light spot forming element 70 ⁇ / b> A is fixed toward the slider 30.
- the insulating property of the first electrode 7 of the light spot forming element 70A is secured, and a film for protecting the entire surface of the light spot forming element 70A on the first electrode 7 side is covered. Further, it may be provided.
- the light condensing part 52A uses the semiconductor stacked part above the active layer 3 including the active layer 3 as the core part 521 constituting the waveguide, but the light collecting part 52 does not use the semiconductor laminated part.
- FIG. 8 shows a light spot forming element 70A-1.
- a condensing part 52C that does not use a semiconductor stacked part is formed as a constitution of the condensing part 52.
- 8A1 and 8B1 are top views of the light spot forming element 70A-1, and FIGS. 8A2 and 8B2 are GG ′ of FIGS. 8A1 and 8B1, respectively.
- a lower cladding layer 525, a core layer 526, and an upper cladding layer 527 are provided on the second clad layer 2 remaining after etching at the position where the light condensing part 52C is formed.
- the lower clad layer 525 constituting the waveguide is formed with a thickness such that the upper surface is the same level as the lower surface of the active layer 3 To do.
- an outer peripheral contour is formed in a parabolic shape by photolithography, etching, or the like to form a core layer 526.
- FIG. 8 (b1) two side surfaces whose outer peripheral contours are parabolic are indicated by side surfaces 526a and 526b.
- an upper clad layer 527 is laminated so as to cover a lower clad layer 525 provided with a core layer 526 whose outer peripheral contour is formed in a parabolic shape.
- the refractive index of the core layer 526 is about 1.45 to 4.0, and the refractive indexes of the lower cladding layer 525 and the upper cladding layer 527 are smaller than the refractive index of the core layer 526, about 1.0 to 2.0. Although it is desirable, it is not limited to this range.
- the core layer 526 is formed of Ta 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , ZnSe or the like, and the thickness is preferably in the range of about 20 nm to 500 nm, but is not limited to this range.
- the lower cladding layer 525 and the upper cladding layer 527 are formed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3, etc., and the thickness is preferably in the range of about 200 nm to 2000 nm, but is not limited to this range.
- Examples of a method for forming the core layer 526, the lower cladding layer 525, and the upper cladding layer 527 include plasma CVD, sputtering, vapor deposition, and the like.
- the recess 10 When forming the upper clad layer 527, the recess 10 may be filled with the material for forming the upper clad layer 527 in common with the embedding material 10a, and the contact layer 6 may be covered so as to be the protective film 9. It may be. Thereafter, as in the case of the light spot forming element 70A, the first electrode 7, the second electrode 8, and the plasmon antenna 24d are provided to complete the light spot forming element 70A-1.
- FIGS. 9A, 10A, and 10B are process diagrams. Since the semiconductor laser structure formed on the substrate 1 and the oscillating portion 51 in the light spot forming element 70B are the same as the light spot forming element 70A, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 9A1 shows a state in which the core portion 522 is formed in an island shape on the second cladding layer 2 where the condensing portion 52B is formed in the substrate 1 on which the oscillation portion 51 is formed.
- FIG. 9A2 is a top view, and FIG. 9A2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG ′ in FIG. 9A1.
- FIGS. 10A1 and 10A2 a clad portion 523 is formed so as to cover the entire island-shaped core portion 522.
- the recess 10 may be filled with the material for forming the cladding 523 in common with the filling material 10 a, and the contact layer 6 of the oscillation unit 51 may be covered as the protective film 9.
- FIG. 10A1 is a top view showing a state in which the clad portion 523 is formed so as to cover the core portion 522 of the light collecting portion 52B in the substrate 1 on which the oscillation portion 51 is formed.
- (A2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG ′ of FIG. 10 (a1).
- FIGS. 10B1 and 10B2 similarly to the case of the light spot forming element 70A, by providing the first electrode 7, the second electrode 8, and the plasmon antenna 24d, the light spot forming element 70B is formed.
- Complete. 10B1 is a top view of the completed light spot forming element 70B
- FIG. 10B2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G ′ in FIG. 10B1.
- the condensing unit 52B uses the semiconductor stacked portion above the active layer 3 including the active layer 3 as the core portion 522 constituting the waveguide, but the condensing unit 52 does not use the semiconductor stacked portion.
- FIG. 11 shows a light spot forming element 70B-1.
- FIG. 11A is a top view of the light spot forming element 70B-1
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G ′ of FIG. Since the semiconductor laser structure formed on the substrate 1 and the oscillating portion 51 in the light spot forming element 70B-1 are the same as those in the light spot forming element 70A, description thereof is omitted.
- a lower cladding layer 525, a core layer 528, and an upper cladding layer 529 are provided on the second clad layer 2 remaining after etching at the position where the light condensing part 52D is formed.
- the lower clad layer 525 constituting the waveguide is formed with a thickness such that the upper surface is approximately the same as the lower surface of the active layer 3 To do.
- the oscillating portion 51 side is sharp and the opposite side is flat with the lower end surface 24 by photolithography, etching, etc.
- An island-shaped core layer 528 is formed.
- an upper clad layer 529 is laminated so as to cover a lower clad layer 525 having a core layer 528 formed in an island shape.
- the refractive index of the core layer 528 is about 1.45 to 4.0, and the refractive indexes of the lower cladding layer 525 and the upper cladding layer 529 are smaller than the refractive index of the core layer 528, about 1.0 to 2.0. Although it is desirable, it is not limited to this range.
- the core layer 528 is formed of Ta 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , ZnSe or the like, and the thickness is preferably in the range of about 20 nm to 500 nm, but is not limited to this range.
- the lower cladding layer 525 and the upper cladding layer 529 are formed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or the like, and the thickness is preferably in the range of about 200 nm to 2000 nm, but is not limited to this range.
- Examples of methods for forming the core layer 528, the lower cladding layer 525, and the upper cladding layer 529 include plasma CVD, sputtering, and vapor deposition.
- the recess 10 When forming the upper clad layer 529, the recess 10 may be filled with the material for forming the upper clad layer 529 in common with the embedding material 10a, and the contact layer 6 may be covered so as to be the protective film 9. It may be. Thereafter, as in the case of the light spot forming element 70A, the first electrode 7, the second electrode 8, and the plasmon antenna 24d are provided to complete the light spot forming element 70B-1.
- both the condensing unit 52 and the semiconductor laser oscillation unit 51 can be integrated on the same substrate 1, as a conventional light source, for example, an individual condensing unit such as a semiconductor laser and a PSIM Compared to the case where the components are combined and fixed, the handling is easy, and the problem that the positional relationship between the two is shifted during operation can be avoided. Further, the oscillating unit 51 can oscillate only light of a specific wavelength.
- the light spot forming element 70 according to the present invention is easy to handle and can form a stable light spot efficiently.
- the oscillation unit 51 and the light collecting unit 52 are manufactured on the substrate 1 in the same process as the semiconductor process. For this reason, the arrangement accuracy of the integrated oscillating unit 51 and the light collecting unit 52 is greatly improved as compared with the conventional mechanical arrangement.
- the light condensing part 52A becomes an absorption region because no current is injected, and the laser is formed. A part of the light emitted from the light is lost. Therefore, quantum well disordering (QWI) may be used in order to shorten the band gap of the resonator region of the semiconductor laser oscillator 51 and eliminate the absorption loss.
- QWI quantum well disordering
- the driving method may be a method based on photoexcitation in addition to the current injection described above.
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Abstract
Description
前記レーザ発振部から発せられる光を導入し、導入した光を集光して光スポットを形成する集光部と、が同一基板に形成されていることを特徴とする光スポット形成素子。
前記レーザ発振部から発せられる光は、前記先端部と反対側の前記2つの側面の端部で規定される光導入口から導入されることを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の光スポット形成素子。
前記コアを包み込む様に、前記レーザ発振部の端部から前記光スポットが形成される位置までの空間を埋めているクラッドと、を有する光導波路を備え、
前記クラッドの材料の屈折率は、前記コアの材料の屈折率より小さいことを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の光スポット形成素子。
前記1から5の何れか1項の前記光スポット形成素子を備え、前記記録媒体に対して相対移動するスライダを有することを特徴とする光記録ヘッド。
前記光記録ヘッドによって情報が記録される前記記録媒体と、を備えていることを特徴とする光記録装置。
(1)記録用のディスク(記録媒体)102
(2)支軸106を支点として矢印Aの方向(トラッキング方向)に回転可能に設けられたアーム105に支持されたサスペンション104
(3)アーム105に取り付けられ、アーム105を回転駆動するトラッキング用アクチュエータ107
(4)サスペンション104及びその先端部に結合部材104aを介して取り付けられているスライダ30を含む光アシスト式磁気記録ヘッド(以下、光記録ヘッド103と称する。)
(5)ディスク102を矢印Bの方向に回転させるモータ(図示しない)
(6)トラッキング用アクチュエータ107、モータ及びディスク102に記録するために書き込み情報に応じて照射する光、磁界の発生等の光記録ヘッド103を用いてディスク102に光記録を行う制御を行う制御部108
光記録装置100においては、スライダ30がディスク102上で浮上しながら相対的に移動しうるように構成されている。
2 第2クラッド層
3 活性層
4 キャリアストップ層
5 第1クラッド層
6 コンタクト層
7 第1電極
8 第2電極
10 凹部
10a 埋め込み材料
24 下端面
24d プラズモンアンテナ
30 スライダ
50 光
51 半導体レーザ発振部
52、52A、52B、52C、52D 集光部
521、522 コア部
523 クラッド部
526、528 コア層
525 下クラッド層
527、529 上クラッド層
521a、521b、526a、526b 側面
70、70A、70A-1、70B、70B-1 光スポット形成素子
101 筐体
102 ディスク
103 光記録ヘッド
104 サスペンション
105 アーム
100 光記録装置
Lp 長さ
Wm、Wp 幅
F 焦点
C 軸
Claims (7)
- レーザ共振器として用いる周期的な屈折率分布を有するレーザ発振部と、
前記レーザ発振部から発せられる光を導入し、導入した光を集光して光スポットを形成する集光部と、が同一基板に形成されていることを特徴とする光スポット形成素子。 - 前記光スポットが形成される位置の近傍には、集光された光の照射によりプラズモンを発生させ、プラズモンを増幅して、前記光スポットとなる近接場光として取り出すプラズモンアンテナが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光スポット形成素子。
- 前記集光部は、実質的に放物線の輪郭を規定する2つの側面と、光が射出され、前記2つの側面の端部で規定される光射出面を前記光スポットが形成される位置の近傍に有する先端部とを備えているコア層を有する光導波路であり、
前記レーザ発振部から発せられる光は、前記先端部と反対側の前記2つの側面の端部で規定される光導入口から導入されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光スポット形成素子。 - 前記集光部は、前記レーザ発振部の端部から前記光スポットが形成される位置までの光路に沿って配置され、一方の端は前記レーザ発振部の端部から離れて位置し、他方の端は前記光スポットが形成される位置にあり、前記他方の端より一方の端の断面積が小さいコアと、
前記コアを包み込む様に、前記レーザ発振部の端部から前記光スポットが形成される位置までの空間を埋めているクラッドと、を有する光導波路を備え、
前記クラッドの材料の屈折率は、前記コアの材料の屈折率より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光スポット形成素子。 - 前記周期的な屈折率分布は、互いに直交する方向に屈折率が周期的に変化する構造であることを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の光スポット形成素子。
- 記録媒体に光を用いて情報記録を行う光記録ヘッドにおいて、
請求項1から5の何れか1項の前記光スポット形成素子を備え、前記記録媒体に対して相対移動するスライダを有することを特徴とする光記録ヘッド。 - 磁気記録部を備えている請求項6に記載の光記録ヘッドと、
前記光記録ヘッドによって情報が記録される前記記録媒体と、を備えていることを特徴とする光記録装置。
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US13/378,298 US20120092973A1 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-02-10 | Light spot forming element, optical recording head, and optical recording device |
JP2011519620A JPWO2010146888A1 (ja) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-02-10 | 光スポット形成素子、光記録ヘッド及び光記録装置 |
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