WO2010146698A1 - 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 - Google Patents
太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010146698A1 WO2010146698A1 PCT/JP2009/061135 JP2009061135W WO2010146698A1 WO 2010146698 A1 WO2010146698 A1 WO 2010146698A1 JP 2009061135 W JP2009061135 W JP 2009061135W WO 2010146698 A1 WO2010146698 A1 WO 2010146698A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- structural defect
- solar cell
- defect
- partition
- structural
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 72
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03921—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus, and more particularly to a solar cell manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus capable of detecting and repairing structural defects at low cost.
- a solar cell using a silicon single crystal is excellent in energy conversion efficiency per unit area.
- a solar cell using a silicon single crystal uses a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot, a large amount of energy is consumed for manufacturing the ingot and the manufacturing cost is high.
- a solar cell is manufactured using a silicon single crystal, it is considerably expensive at present.
- solar cells using amorphous (amorphous) silicon thin films that can be manufactured at lower cost are widely used as low-cost solar cells.
- Amorphous silicon solar cells use a semiconductor film having a layer structure called a pin junction in which an amorphous silicon film (i-type) that generates electrons and holes when receiving light is sandwiched between p-type and n-type silicon films. . Electrodes are formed on both sides of the semiconductor film. Electrons and holes generated by sunlight move actively due to the potential difference between the p-type and n-type semiconductors, and this is continuously repeated, causing a potential difference between the electrodes on both sides.
- i-type amorphous silicon film
- a transparent electrode such as TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) is formed on a glass substrate as a lower electrode, and a semiconductor film made of amorphous silicon, an upper electrode, A structure in which an Ag thin film or the like is formed is employed.
- TCO Transparent Conductive Oxide
- an amorphous silicon solar cell having a photoelectric conversion body composed of such upper and lower electrodes and a semiconductor film there is a problem that a potential difference is small and a resistance value is large only by depositing each layer uniformly over a wide area on a substrate. .
- an amorphous silicon solar battery is configured by forming partition elements in which photoelectric conversion bodies are electrically partitioned for each predetermined size and electrically connecting partition elements adjacent to each other.
- a groove called a scribe line (scribe line) is formed on a photoelectric conversion body uniformly formed in a large area on a substrate using a laser beam or the like to obtain a large number of strip-shaped partition elements.
- a structure in which the partition elements are electrically connected in series is employed.
- an amorphous silicon solar cell having such a structure it is known that some structural defects occur in the manufacturing stage. For example, when an amorphous silicon film is formed, particles may be mixed or pinholes may be generated, so that the upper electrode and the lower electrode may be locally short-circuited.
- the metal film constituting the upper electrode melts along the scribe line to reach the lower electrode, There may be a local short circuit with the lower electrode.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a bias voltage is applied to the entire partition elements divided by a scribe line, and a Joule heat generated at a short-circuited portion is detected by an infrared sensor, whereby a partition element having a structural defect exists.
- a method of identifying is disclosed. Further, there is a structural defect by magnifying and observing the surface of all partition elements with a CCD camera or the like, or by irradiating light and measuring and comparing FF (fill factor) for each partition element.
- FF fill factor
- the semiconductor film is removed over a wide range when repairing the defect portion with laser light or the like, and only the characteristics as a solar cell are obtained. There was also a problem that the appearance was not preferable. Further, when only a general defect position is specified and a defect is removed by applying a bias voltage, it is necessary to increase the bias voltage. However, when a bias voltage higher than necessary is applied, there is a problem in that a normal portion where no defect has occurred is damaged.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and accurately identifies the location of occurrence of a structural defect in a short time without damaging the photoelectric conversion body of the solar cell, and reliably identifies the identified structural defect. Another object is to provide a solar cell manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus that can be removed and repaired.
- the present invention provides the following solar cell manufacturing method. That is, the method for manufacturing a solar cell according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of partition elements, forming a photoelectric conversion body in which the partition elements adjacent to each other are electrically connected, and among the photoelectric conversion bodies, Based on the distribution of resistance values obtained by specifying the partition elements having structural defects (defect partition specifying step) and measuring the resistance values at a plurality of locations between the partition elements adjacent to each other.
- the part where the structural defect exists in the partition element is limited (defect part specifying step), and the part where the structural defect exists is irradiated with a laser beam to remove the structural defect (repair process).
- the measurement density of the resistance value may be changed at least two or more levels. preferable. In addition, it is preferable to use a four-probe type resistance measuring device for measuring the resistance value.
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus is a solar cell manufacturing apparatus having a photoelectric conversion body including a plurality of partition elements, in the partition elements having a structural defect among the photoelectric conversion bodies.
- a resistance measurement unit that measures resistance values at a plurality of locations between adjacent partition elements, and images the region where the narrowed structural defects exist, An image capturing unit that accurately specifies the position of the defect; and a repair unit that irradiates the structural defect with a laser beam to remove the structural defect.
- a solar cell including a partition element having a structural defect is selected in a defect partition specifying step. Then, only the sorted solar cells having defects are sent to the defect site identification process. In the defect site identification process, the site where the defect exists is accurately identified. This makes it possible to efficiently manufacture a solar cell free from structural defects.
- a resistance value distribution between adjacent partition elements is measured to specify a region where a structural defect exists in the longitudinal direction of the partition elements. After that, by further capturing the narrowed area with the image capturing unit, it is possible to pinpoint the position where the structural defect exists in the partition element.
- the conventional defect identification method it takes a lot of time to image a large area inspection object.
- a method using imaging that takes a lot of time is reduced in advance by a resistance value distribution that can be measured in a short time. It is limited to imaging of area area. Therefore, the position of the structural defect can be accurately specified in a very short time. As a result, it is possible to remove only a minimum region including the defect in the repair process, and it is possible to repair the defective portion without greatly degrading the characteristics as a solar cell and without damaging the appearance.
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention in order to specify the position of the structural defect, a resistance measuring unit that measures resistance values at a plurality of locations between the partition elements, and this resistance measurement Since the image capturing unit that captures a small area area narrowed down by the unit is provided, the position where the defect exists in the partition element can be accurately identified in a short time. Furthermore, it is possible to remove only a minimum region including a defect in the repairing process, and it is possible to repair the defective part without greatly deteriorating the characteristics as a solar cell and without damaging the appearance.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a main part of an amorphous silicon type solar cell manufactured by the method for manufacturing a solar cell of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing the layer configuration of the solar cell of FIG.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged cross-sectional view in which a portion indicated by reference numeral B in FIG.
- the solar cell 10 has a photoelectric conversion body 12 formed on a first surface 11a (one surface) of a transparent insulating substrate 11.
- substrate 11 should just be formed with the insulating material which is excellent in the transmittance
- first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13 a semiconductor layer 14, and a second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 are stacked in order from the substrate 11.
- the first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13 may be made of a transparent conductive material, for example, a light-transmitting metal oxide such as TCO or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 only needs to be formed of a conductive metal film such as Ag or Cu.
- the semiconductor layer 14 has a pin junction structure in which an i-type amorphous silicon film 16 is sandwiched between a p-type amorphous silicon film 17 and an n-type amorphous silicon film 18.
- an i-type amorphous silicon film 16 is sandwiched between a p-type amorphous silicon film 17 and an n-type amorphous silicon film 18.
- a potential difference is generated between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15 (photoelectric conversion).
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 is divided by a scribe line (scribe line) 19 into a large number of partition elements 21, 21.
- the partition elements 21, 21,... Are electrically partitioned from each other and electrically connected in series between the partition elements 21 adjacent to each other.
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 has a structure in which the partition elements 21, 21... Are all electrically connected in series. In this structure, a high potential difference current can be extracted.
- the scribe line 19 is formed, for example, by forming the photoelectric conversion body 12 uniformly on the first surface 11a of the substrate 11 and then forming grooves in the photoelectric conversion body 12 at a predetermined interval by a laser beam or the like.
- a protective layer made of an insulating resin or the like on the second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 constituting the photoelectric converter 12.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing stepwise the manufacturing method of the first embodiment of the solar cell of the present invention. Among these, the process from detection of structural defects to repair will be described in detail.
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 is formed on the first surface 11a of the transparent substrate 11 (photoelectric conversion body forming step: P1).
- a first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13 As a structure of the photoelectric converter 12, for example, a first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13, a semiconductor layer 14, and a second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 are stacked in order from the first surface 11 a of the substrate 11. I just need it.
- the structural defect A ⁇ b> 1 caused by impurities (contamination) mixed into the semiconductor layer 14 or fine pins on the semiconductor layer 14.
- defects such as a structural defect A2 in which holes are generated may occur.
- Such structural defects A1 and A2 locally short-circuit (leak) between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15 to reduce power generation efficiency.
- a laser beam or the like is irradiated toward the photoelectric converter 12 to form a scribe line (scribe line) 19 and divided into a large number of strip-shaped partition elements 21, 21. : P2).
- the metal constituting the second electrode layer 15 is melted by the deviation of the laser irradiation position and flows down into the groove of the scribe line 19.
- defects such as structural defects A3 may occur.
- Such a structural defect A3 locally short-circuits (leaks) between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15 to reduce power generation efficiency.
- the partition elements 21, 21,... Having the structural defects represented by the above-described A1 to A3 are specified (defect partition specifying step: P3).
- specific methods for specifying the partition elements 21, 21... In which a structural defect exists include, for example, measurement of resistance value, measurement of FF (fill factor), and the like.
- the partition element 21 in which a structural defect exists is specified by measuring the resistance value, as shown in FIG. 5, several measurement points are set along the longitudinal direction L of the strip-shaped partition element 21 and are adjacent to each other. A resistance value is measured between the partition elements 21 and 21, and a partition element 21s (defective partition element) in which a structural defect exists can be identified from the distribution of the measured values.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the resistance value of the adjacent partition elements is measured in a solar cell composed of 120 partition elements.
- the resistance value of the 35th partition element is clearly reduced. That is, it is predicted that a structural defect that causes a short circuit exists in the 35th partition element. Similarly, it is predicted that a structural defect also exists in the 109th partition element.
- a defect section specifying step when a section element having a structural defect is specified by measuring a resistance value, there are several methods as a measuring method. For example, using a measuring device in which a large number of probes are arranged at a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction L of the partition element 21, a method of completing the resistance value between the partition elements with a single vertical movement of the probe, Alternatively, any method may be used as long as the probe is scanned along the longitudinal direction L of the partition element 21 and the probe is repeatedly moved up and down at a predetermined measurement point.
- a method of applying a bias voltage of a predetermined value and a method of a two-probe method performed by a set of two probes that serves both as a current value measurement Alternatively, any of the four-probe-type methods comprising two sets of four probes, which are performed by differentiating the probe used for applying a predetermined bias current and the probe used for measuring the voltage value, may be used. .
- the resistance value is calculated from these voltage value and current value.
- FF fill factor
- the solar cell in which the partition element in which the structural defect exists is found through the defect partition specifying process as described above is sent to the defect site specifying process described below.
- a solar cell in which a partition element having a structural defect cannot be found is commercialized as a non-defective product through a protective layer formation step P6 and the like.
- the solar cell in which the partition element in which the structural defect exists is found in the defect partition specifying step described above is further sent to a step (defect portion specifying step: P4) for limiting the portion in which the structural defect exists in the partition element.
- a step defect portion specifying step: P4 for limiting the portion in which the structural defect exists in the partition element.
- this defect site specifying process first, only the partition elements that are considered to have a structural defect in the defect partition specifying process of the previous process, and between adjacent partition elements 21 along the longitudinal direction L of the partition elements. Measure the resistance value. At this time, the resistance value is measured by making the measurement interval (measurement density) of the resistance value in the longitudinal direction L finer than the measurement interval of the resistance value in the defect section specifying step of the previous step.
- the adjacent partition elements 21 and the adjacent partition elements 21 are measured at predetermined measurement intervals T1 (measurement density) over the entire area in the longitudinal direction L of the partition elements 21s where the structural defects R are considered to exist. Measure the resistance value between. By measuring the resistance value, the approximate position of the structural defect R in the longitudinal direction L of the partition element 21s is specified.
- the measurement interval T1 may be about 20 mm, for example.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of measuring the resistance value between adjacent partition elements in a strip-shaped partition element having a length of 1400 mm in the longitudinal direction L (one defect exists).
- the resistance value decreases as the distance from one end of the partition terminal approaches 250 mm.
- a tendency is observed in which the resistance value gradually decreases as the position of the defect is approached. Therefore, if the resistance value is measured at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction L of the partition element 21s and the change in the resistance value is observed, the approximate position of the structural defect R can be known in the partition element 21s. .
- the measurement interval T2 that is finer than the above-described measurement interval T1 is about 100 mm before and after this position. It is preferable to measure a resistance value between adjacent partition elements (see FIG. 7B).
- the measurement interval T2 is set to about 2 mm, for example, and narrows down the region Z in which the structural defect R exists with an accuracy about 10 times finer than the above-described step of specifying the approximate defect position.
- a method of applying a bias voltage of a predetermined value and a method of a two-probe method performed by a set of two probes that serve both as a current value measurement may be used.
- any of the four-probe-type methods comprising two sets of four probes, which are performed by differentiating the probe used for applying a predetermined bias current and the probe used for measuring the voltage value, may be used. .
- the resistance value is calculated from these voltage value and current value.
- the position of the defect is specified by changing the measurement interval of the resistance value in two stages.
- the structure in the partition element is changed by changing the measurement interval in three stages or more.
- the region Z where the defect R exists may be narrowed down more finely.
- a bias current (voltage) is intermittently applied only to the probe X1 intermittently at a predetermined wide measurement interval T1, and the approximate position of the structural defect R is specified.
- the bias current is applied to the probe X2 in the section in which the structural defect R is considered to exist, that is, the section having the lowest resistance value between the probes to which the bias current (voltage) is applied. (Voltage) is applied.
- the position of the structural defect R in the partition element is specified more accurately.
- the probe unit U in which the probes are densely arranged at the interval T2 along the longitudinal direction L of the partitioning element 21s the probe to which the bias current (voltage) is applied is appropriately changed to thereby change the probe.
- the position of the structural defect R can be quickly detected simply by selecting a probe that supplies a bias current without moving the needle in the longitudinal direction L.
- a method of changing the interval between terminals to be measured during measurement may be adopted.
- the resistance value is initially measured by setting the terminal interval to be relatively large, and the resistance value lower than the threshold value is detected or constant.
- the distance between the terminals is narrowed to measure each terminal.
- the measurement is performed by returning to the original interval.
- a method may be adopted in which a plurality of threshold values are determined and the terminal measurement interval is changed for each threshold value. For example, resistance thresholds A, B, and C (A> B> C) are determined. When the resistance value is greater than or equal to the threshold A, measurement is performed with an interval of 10 terminals, and when the threshold value is less than or equal to the threshold A, measurement is performed with 5 terminals available. Measure at each terminal. When the resistance value increases, the measurement interval is increased every time the threshold value is exceeded. When there is a defect, the resistance value gradually changes (see FIG. 8), and thus the defect position can be detected quickly and accurately by changing the measurement interval for each threshold.
- the range in which the structural defect R exists in the longitudinal direction L of the partition element 21s can be limited, but the structural defect R exists in the width direction W of the partition element 21s. It is difficult to specify the existing position. Therefore, the region Z where the structural defect R exists, which is narrowed down to a narrow range in the partition element by measuring the resistance value, is captured by the image capturing unit (see FIG. 9A).
- the image capturing unit for example, a device in which a CCD camera 24 is combined with a high-power lens is employed.
- the position in the region Z where the structural defect R exists in the width direction W of the partition element 21s is accurately specified.
- a method of determining the position of the structural defect R from the image captured in this way human-made visual determination, image data of a partition element to be inspected using a computer, and a defect-free partition captured in advance. Determination by comparing with image data of the element is adopted.
- the defect identification method In the conventional defect identification method, it takes a lot of time to image a large area inspection object. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the defect identification method is limited to imaging of a small-area region Z that is narrowed down in advance by a distribution of resistance values that can be measured in a short time. Therefore, it becomes possible to specify the exact position of the structural defect R in a very short time.
- the structural defect R of the solar cell is repaired (repair process: P5).
- the laser beam Q is irradiated from the laser device 25 in the minimum range toward the structural defect R pinpointed by measuring the resistance value and capturing the image (see FIG. 9B). ).
- the semiconductor layer and the electrode where the structural defect R exists are evaporated and removed (see FIG. 9C and FIG. 4B).
- each of the structural defects A1 to A3 shown in FIG. 4A is removed as shown by reference numerals E1 to E3 in FIG. 4B.
- the structural defects existing in the partition elements in the solar cell are identified and removed through the defect partition identification step (P3), the defect site identification step (P4), and the repair step (P5).
- the solar cell from which the structural defects have been removed is sent to the protective layer forming step (P6), and the subsequent process is performed.
- a solar cell including a partition element having a structural defect is selected in a defect partition specifying step. Then, only the selected solar cells having structural defects are sent to the defect site identification process.
- the defect site specifying step the existence site of the structural defect is accurately specified by measuring the resistance value and imaging the region narrowed down by this. This makes it possible to efficiently manufacture a solar cell free from structural defects.
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus of the present invention A resistance measurement unit that measures resistance values at a plurality of locations between 21 and an image imaging unit (CCD camera 24) that captures only the region Z where the structural defect R narrowed down by the resistance measurement unit exists are provided. That's fine.
- the resistance measurement unit may be configured by a two-probe or four-probe resistance measurement device and a moving device that relatively moves the partition element 21 and the probe along the length direction L.
- Examples of the image capturing unit include an optical camera and a CCD camera.
- the position of the structural defect R is accurately specified by the image capturing unit.
- a laser device 25 is used as a repairing unit for irradiating the laser beam Q toward the structural defect R that is accurately specified.
- a repairing unit may further include a scanning mechanism that scans the laser beam within a predetermined range, or may include a moving table on which a solar cell that is a repaired object is placed and moved horizontally.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell in which damage to a photoelectric conversion body is suppressed, the occurrence location of a structural defect is accurately identified, and the specific structural defect is reliably removed and repaired. Useful for equipment.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
このような上下電極と半導体膜からなる光電変換体を備えたアモルファスシリコン太陽電池においては、基板上に広い面積で均一に各層を成膜しただけでは電位差が小さく、抵抗値が大きくなる問題がある。そのため、例えば、光電変換体を所定のサイズごとに電気的に区画した区画素子を形成し、互いに隣接する区画素子どうしを電気的に接続することにより、アモルファスシリコン太陽電池が構成されている。
具体的には、基板上に広い面積で均一に形成した光電変換体にレーザー光などを用いてスクライブ線(スクライブライン)と称される溝を形成し、多数の短冊状の区画素子を得て、この区画素子どうしを電気的に直列に接続した構造が採用される。
また、欠陥箇所が発熱する程度にバイアス電圧を印加するため、半導体膜にダメージを与える虞もあった。
光を照射して区画素子ごとのFFを測定する方法では、欠陥が存在する区画素子自体は検出できるが、区画素子内のどこに欠陥が存在するかを特定することは困難であった。
また、大よその欠陥位置しか特定しないで、バイアス電圧を印加して欠陥を除去する場合、バイアス電圧を高くする必要があった。しかし、必要以上に高いバイアス電圧を印加すると、欠陥が生じていない正常な部分にダメージを与えるという問題があった。
即ち、本発明の第2態様の太陽電池の製造装置は、複数の区画素子を含む光電変換体を有する太陽電池の製造装置であって、前記光電変換体のうち、構造欠陥を有する区画素子内で構造欠陥の存在する領域を絞り込むために、互いに隣接する区画素子どうしの間で複数個所の抵抗値を測定する抵抗測定部と、前記絞り込まれた構造欠陥が存在する領域内を撮像し、構造欠陥の位置を正確に特定する画像撮像部と、前記構造欠陥に向けてレーザー光線を照射し前記構造欠陥を除去する修復部と、を含む。
従来の欠陥特定方法においては、大面積の被検査物を撮像する場合には、多大な時間が掛かっていた。これに対し、本発明においては、欠陥特定の手法として、被検査物が大面積の場合には多大な時間の掛かる撮像による方法を、短時間で測定可能な抵抗値の分布によって予め絞り込んだ小面積の領域の撮像だけに限定している。従って、極めて短時間で迅速に構造欠陥の位置を正確に特定することが可能になる。これにより、修復工程で欠陥を含む最小限の領域だけを除去することが可能となり、太陽電池としての特性を大きく低下させず、かつ外観も損なうことなく欠陥箇所を修復することができる。
まず、図1に示すように、透明な基板11の第1面11aに上に光電変換体12を形成する(光電変換体の形成工程:P1)。光電変換体12の構造としては、例えば、基板11の第1面11aから順に第一電極層(下部電極)13,半導体層14,及び第二電極層(上部電極)15が積層された構造であればよい。
11 基板
12 光電変換体
13 第一電極
14 半導体層
15 第二電極
19 スクライブ線
21 区画素子
25 レーザー装置
Claims (4)
- 太陽電池の製造方法であって、
複数の区画素子を含み、互いに隣接する前記区画素子どうしが電気的に接続された光電変換体を形成し、
前記光電変換体のうち、構造欠陥を有する前記区画素子を特定し、
互いに隣接する前記区画素子どうしの間で複数個所の抵抗値を測定して得られる抵抗値の分布に基づき、前記区画素子内で前記構造欠陥の存在する領域を絞り込み、この絞り込まれた前記構造欠陥が存在する前記領域内を画像撮像部によって撮像し、得られた画像から前記構造欠陥の位置を正確に特定することにより、前記区画素子内で前記構造欠陥が存在する部位を限定し、
前記構造欠陥が存在する部位にレーザー光線を照射し前記構造欠陥を除去することを特徴とする太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記構造欠陥が存在する部位を限定する際に、抵抗値の測定密度を少なくとも2段階以上変えて測定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
- 前記構造欠陥が存在する部位を限定する際に、抵抗値の測定には4探針式の抵抗測定装置が用いられることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
- 複数の区画素子を含む光電変換体を有する太陽電池の製造装置であって、
前記光電変換体のうち、構造欠陥を有する区画素子内で構造欠陥の存在する領域を絞り込むために、互いに隣接する区画素子どうしの間で複数個所の抵抗値を測定する抵抗測定部と、
前記絞り込まれた構造欠陥が存在する領域内を撮像し、構造欠陥の位置を正確に特定する画像撮像部と、
前記構造欠陥に向けてレーザー光線を照射し前記構造欠陥を除去する修復部と、
を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池の製造装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020117029776A KR20120011889A (ko) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 태양 전지의 제조 방법 및 태양 전지의 제조 장치 |
US13/378,749 US20120094399A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Photovoltaic cell manufacturing method and photovoltaic cell manufacturing apparatus |
PCT/JP2009/061135 WO2010146698A1 (ja) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 |
CN2009801597676A CN102460719A (zh) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 太阳能电池的制造方法以及太阳能电池的制造装置 |
EP09846191A EP2445014A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Solar cell manufacturing method and solar cell manufacturing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/061135 WO2010146698A1 (ja) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010146698A1 true WO2010146698A1 (ja) | 2010-12-23 |
Family
ID=43356036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/061135 WO2010146698A1 (ja) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120094399A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2445014A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120011889A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102460719A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010146698A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6154681A (ja) * | 1984-08-25 | 1986-03-18 | Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd | 薄膜光起電力素子の製造方法 |
JPH06275856A (ja) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-30 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JPH0837317A (ja) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Sharp Corp | 薄膜太陽電池および薄膜太陽電池の欠陥検出方法およびその方法を用いた薄膜太陽電池の欠陥検出除去装置 |
JPH09186351A (ja) * | 1996-01-05 | 1997-07-15 | Canon Inc | 光起電力素子及びその製造方法 |
JPH09266322A (ja) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-07 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 光電変換素子のリーク箇所検出リペア装置 |
JP2001135835A (ja) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-18 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜光電変換セルの欠陥修復方法、薄膜光電変換モジュールの製造方法、及び薄膜光電変換モジュールの欠陥修復装置 |
JP2002203978A (ja) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Canon Inc | 光起電力素子モジュールの短絡欠陥検出方法及び短絡欠陥修復方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-06-18 CN CN2009801597676A patent/CN102460719A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-18 EP EP09846191A patent/EP2445014A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-18 KR KR1020117029776A patent/KR20120011889A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-06-18 WO PCT/JP2009/061135 patent/WO2010146698A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-06-18 US US13/378,749 patent/US20120094399A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6154681A (ja) * | 1984-08-25 | 1986-03-18 | Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd | 薄膜光起電力素子の製造方法 |
JPH06275856A (ja) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-30 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JPH0837317A (ja) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Sharp Corp | 薄膜太陽電池および薄膜太陽電池の欠陥検出方法およびその方法を用いた薄膜太陽電池の欠陥検出除去装置 |
JPH09186351A (ja) * | 1996-01-05 | 1997-07-15 | Canon Inc | 光起電力素子及びその製造方法 |
JPH09266322A (ja) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-07 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 光電変換素子のリーク箇所検出リペア装置 |
JP2001135835A (ja) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-18 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜光電変換セルの欠陥修復方法、薄膜光電変換モジュールの製造方法、及び薄膜光電変換モジュールの欠陥修復装置 |
JP2002203978A (ja) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Canon Inc | 光起電力素子モジュールの短絡欠陥検出方法及び短絡欠陥修復方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102460719A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
US20120094399A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
EP2445014A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
KR20120011889A (ko) | 2012-02-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5048843B2 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法 | |
TWI404223B (zh) | 太陽電池之製造方法 | |
JP5144747B2 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法,太陽電池の製造装置,及び太陽電池 | |
WO2010018869A1 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法及び製造装置 | |
JP5186552B2 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 | |
JP2009246122A (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法および製造装置 | |
JP5193309B2 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法及び製造装置 | |
WO2009123070A1 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 | |
JP2010021437A (ja) | 太陽電池の製造装置およびその製造方法 | |
WO2010146698A1 (ja) | 太陽電池の製造方法および太陽電池の製造装置 | |
KR101169455B1 (ko) | 태양전지의 제조방법 | |
JPWO2011024750A1 (ja) | 太陽電池の評価方法及び評価装置 | |
JP2012043870A (ja) | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 | |
JP2012114229A (ja) | 電気特性測定装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980159767.6 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09846191 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 9592/DELNP/2011 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009846191 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20117029776 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13378749 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |