WO2010128238A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible de grande longueur - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible de grande longueur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010128238A1 WO2010128238A1 PCT/FR2010/050840 FR2010050840W WO2010128238A1 WO 2010128238 A1 WO2010128238 A1 WO 2010128238A1 FR 2010050840 W FR2010050840 W FR 2010050840W WO 2010128238 A1 WO2010128238 A1 WO 2010128238A1
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- stainless steel
- ferritic stainless
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- sheath
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
- F16L11/082—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an underwater flexible pipe intended for the transport of hydrocarbons and in particular for exploiting deposits having a high content of corrosive gases, and mainly hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S and carbon dioxide CO2.
- the invention also relates to a pipe obtained according to the manufacturing method.
- the present invention is aimed primarily at flexible conduits of the unbound type or "unbonded” in English, as described in the normative documents API 17J "Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe” and API RB 17B “Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe” published by the American Petroleum Institute. It could, however, also apply to bonded or “bonded” pipes as well as to umbilicals.
- the flexible pipes usually comprise, from the inside to the outside, an internal carcass, an internal sealing sheath, a pressure vault, a plurality of tensile armor plies and an outer protective sheath.
- the main function of the internal carcass is the recovery of the radial forces of crushing, for example those related to the hydrostatic pressure. It is made from a profiled strip and wound to staple together contiguous turns of said strip.
- the inner sealing sheath that covers it is usually extruded plastic directly on the carcass. This sheath has the function of confining the fluid flowing in the pipe.
- the pressure vault it is generally formed of a metal wire wound at short pitch in contiguous turns around the inner sealing sheath. It thus makes it possible to take up the radial forces related to the pressure of the fluid flowing in the pipe.
- the traction armor plies have the function of resuming the traction forces exerted on the pipe.
- These plies are made of armor son wound helically with a long pitch around the pressure vault. In order to balance the torsional structure, the total number of tensile armor plies is generally even and the tablecloths are crossed in them. These armor wires are usually of rectangular section, but they can also have a cylindrical section or a complex geometry of type T, C or Z.
- the term "long-pitch winding” designates a helical winding of which the helix angle, expressed in absolute value, is less than 60 °, typically between 20 ° and 55 ° in the case of traction armor plies.
- short-pitch winding refers to a winding whose helix angle is close to 90 ° in practice between 70 ° and 85 °.
- the metal reinforcements or tensile armor responsible for taking up the longitudinal forces have high mechanical characteristics, otherwise the structure weighed down by its great length, proves difficult to install and requires a Oversized production floating support compared to traditional supports, which generates very significant extra costs.
- these reinforcements are made of steel, carbon steel or low alloy, the increase in mechanical characteristics is at the expense of corrosion resistance, which makes it difficult to develop a pipe flexible designed to operate at very great depth, 2000m and more, and can withstand highly corrosive hydrocarbons.
- the corrosive hydrocarbons referred to are especially multiphase hydrocarbons having high partial pressures in H 2 S, typically 0.5 bar to 5 bar, and / or CO 2 , typically at least 5 bar.
- Such fluids are generally very acidic, typically their pH is less than 4.5. In addition, their temperature may exceed 90 ° C.
- the document WO91 / 16461 describes a flexible pipe for the transport of corrosive hydrocarbons comprising H 2 S.
- the pressure vault and the tensile armor are made of a carbon steel hardened then softened by a restoration heat treatment.
- these steels have insufficient mechanical characteristics for applications at great depth, since their elastic limit Re, and their ultimate limit Rm are respectively of the order of 700 and 850 MPa.
- the terms "elastic limit”, “elastic limit” and “Re” denote equally the stress value at the elastic / plastic transition point.
- H 2 S corrosion refers to any phenomenon of physical degradation in the presence of h 2 S in an aqueous medium, including generalized corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress cracking and embrittlement by hydrogen. It is disclosed in WO96 / 28575 a similar solution for environments even more corrosive than those referred to in the aforementioned document.
- the pressure vault and the tensile armor are then made with a quenched and tempered low alloy carbon steel, which gives the pipe a better corrosion resistance compared to the hardened and softened carbon steels.
- WO 03/074206 discloses a flexible pipe with plated steel armor.
- the core of the armor yarns consists of a low carbon or unalloyed carbon steel with high mechanical properties, typically Rm greater than 1400 MPa, and low corrosion resistance.
- the anti-corrosion coating is made of titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, nickel or nickel alloys.
- WO02 / 095281 and US2009 / 0000683 disclose solutions in which the tensile armor is made of composite material, in particular based on fiberglass or carbon. These very light materials have both good corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties. However, these materials are either very expensive or sensitive to chemical aging phenomena, especially hydrolysis in the case of glass fibers.
- WO99 / 42754 a flexible pipe for use in corrosive medium comprising on the one hand a pressure vault in corrosion-resistant steel H 2 S but with medium mechanical properties, and on the other hand tensile armors which are not resistant to HfeS corrosion but which have high mechanical properties.
- a sealed polymeric sheath is inserted between the pressure vault and the armor so as to prevent TH 2 S from reaching the tensile armor.
- the purpose of document WO2005 / 028198 also aims to perfect this idea of a screen. The latter consists of a metal strip wound with overlap and then glued and sheathed by a polymeric sheath. This screen stops the diffusion of gases more effectively than the simple sheath disclosed in WO99 / 42754.
- EP0844429 can be placed directly on the pressure sheath so as to protect both the pressure vault and the tensile armor.
- the purpose of EP0844429 is to improve this screen idea.
- the latter consists of a polymeric sheath comprising a charge of chemically active product, for example zinc oxide, which can react with the corrosive gases and thus consume them to prevent their diffusion through the sheath.
- duplex stainless steels it has also been imagined to use duplex stainless steels.
- the document WO2006 / 097112 describes a flexible pipe comprising a duplex steel metal layer having a low nickel content of less than 3%. This is particularly the case of a Duplex steel marketed by Outokumpu and referenced LDX 2101. This solution reduces the weight and cost of driving while ensuring good resistance to corrosion.
- This document also cites another reference, Duplex 2205.
- the metal layer concerned is primarily the internal carcass, but the document also discloses the application of son of this material to other layers of reinforcements and in particular to the tensile armor. This document does not teach anything about the process of mechanical characteristics of Duplex armor.
- Table 2 and the associated comments are limited to showing that, in the case of an internal carcass where a steel wire is wound with a short pitch, the resistance to "collapse" or crushing of the pipe, is clearly improved when Duplex LDX 2101 steel is used instead of a simple 316L austenitic stainless steel, and goes from 165 bar to 210 bar.
- This gain in collapse resistance is not surprising, as duplex stainless steels are known to have significantly higher mechanical properties than austenitic stainless steels.
- the elastic limit of a 316L stainless steel strip in the raw state, before profiling is about 300 MPa, while the elastic limit of a steel strip LDX 2101 in the raw state, before profiling is about 650 MPa.
- WO 00/00650 discloses a flexible pipe whose inner casing is made of hardened stainless steel before profiling.
- the work hardening makes up the mechanical characteristics of the strip which allows to lighten the structure and / or increase its resistance to "collapse".
- the materials targeted are mainly austenitic stainless steel type 301, 304 and 316, but this document also mentions Duplex steels. This document details examples using strips of 301 and 316L steel hardened to levels C850 and C1000 according to standard EN 10088-2.
- WO 00/00650 In the state C1000, the breaking limit of these materials, specified in Table 17 of this standard, is of the order of 1000 to 1150 MPa.
- WO 00/00650 also mentions in its table I an example of an internal carcass made with a hardened duplex strip in state 2B having an elastic limit of only 720 MPa. Reference may also be made to Table 6 of EN 10088-2, which defines the meaning of "state 2B". It will be noted that the range of manufacture of such hardened blanks comprises a heat treatment step after the cold rolling step.
- WO 00/00650 provides no teaching on the corrosion resistance of hardened stainless steels, and in particular how their corrosion resistance degrades with work hardening.
- a problem that arises and that aims to solve the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a flexible pipe whose stainless steel armor son are not only resistant in traction, but also resistant to corrosion .
- the present invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a method of manufacturing a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of hydrocarbons, of the type in which: a tight pressure sheath and metal wires are provided austeno-ferritic stainless steel; said ferrite-austenitic-ferritic stainless steel wire is pressed and said strained metal wires wound around said pressure sheath at a long pitch to form a tensile armor ply; and then forming an outer sheath around said traction armor ply; according to the invention, said austenitic-ferritic stainless steel wires supplied are reduced by reducing their cross-section by at least 35% so as to obtain work-hardened metal wires having a breaking stress greater than 1300 MPa, and winding up directly said metal son hardened after the
- the austenitic-ferritic stainless steel wires are strongly reduced by reducing their cross-section by at least 35% so as to greatly increase their breaking stress so that it reaches at least 1300 MPa at the expense of their ability to resist corrosion.
- these metal wires can be used to form tensile armor for flexible tubular conduits of great length, which can then be suspended over the seabed of the sea. great depth.
- the tensile armor is actually protected inside the ring of the flexible pipe, between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath.
- the pressure sheath allows to spread through its wall a small portion of corrosive gases circulating inside, as will be explained below in more detail.
- the outer sheath preserves the tensile armor of the seawater and thus allows to limit the chloride content and oxygen in the armor. Chlorides generally accentuate local corrosion by pitting, while oxygen generally promotes corrosion of stainless steel wires.
- said cold armor threads are cold-pressed and not subjected to any subsequent heat-softening treatment, before being cold-rolled to produce armor plies.
- said cold armor threads avoids the relaxation of crystalline networks of steel, which would drop its mechanical characteristics.
- austenitic ferritic stainless steel wire comprising between 21 and 25% of chromium and between 1.5 and 7% of nickel is provided so as to obtain, without risk of degradation, steel wire whose breaking stress is greater than 1300 MPa, provided that their hardening rate corresponds to a reduction of their cross-section by at least 35%.
- austenitic ferritic stainless steel wire comprising 0.1 to 0.3% nitrogen is preferably provided, which makes it possible to increase the yield strength and the breaking strength of the steel wires while maintaining their toughness. .
- the austenitic ferritic stainless steel wire comprising 21 to 23% chromium, 4.5 to 6.5% nickel and 0.1 to 0.2% nitrogen is provided.
- son can be hardened with a work hardening rate of about 36% and give them a breaking stress of 1300 MPa.
- these austenitic-ferritic stainless steel wires have a Rockwell hardness of between 40 and 48 HRc, for example 40.
- said austenitic ferritic stainless steel wire is reduced by reducing their cross-sectional area. at least 45% so as to obtain hardened metal wires having a breaking stress greater than or equal to 1400 MPa.
- said austenitic ferritic stainless steel wires have a substantially rectangular section, of width between 5mm and 25mm, and thickness between 2mm and 7mm preferably between 3mm and 6mm.
- At least one carbon steel wire is also wound around said inner pressure sheath to form a pressure vault between said inner pressure sheath and said traction armor ply.
- the H 2 S which diffuses through the wall of the internal pressure sheath is consumed to form in particular iron sulphides, and thus does not cause corrosion.
- stainless steels of the armor ply a polymeric intermediate layer is advantageously formed around said pressure vault before winding said hardened metal wires in a long pitch to prevent galvanic coupling between said pressure vault and said tensile armor ply. This intermediate layer is either made by helical winding of a strip, or by extrusion of a sheath directly on the pressure vault.
- a duplex stainless steel wire which is wound around the inner pressure sheath.
- the present invention relates to a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of hydrocarbons obtained by the manufacturing method as described above.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible pipe whose tensile armor is made of highly hardened duplex stainless steel. It also relates to a conduct carried out according to such a method.
- Duplex stainless steels also known as "austenitic-ferritic stainless steels", are named after their double-phase structure with substantially equal proportions of austenite and ferrite. This type of stainless steel combines the qualities of these two phases: the ductility and high resilience of austenite on the one hand, and the high tenacity and corrosion resistance of ferrite on the other. Duplex stainless steels therefore have good mechanical properties as well as good resistance to corrosion, in particular localized corrosion and stress corrosion.
- Duplex steel first solidifies in the ferritic range and then during cooling a part of the ferrite turns into austenite. The ferrite content in the metal is then directly related to the cooling rate. Too high a cooling rate results in a microstructure with too much ferrite content. Excess ferrite lowers resiliency and ductility. It is advisable to choose a ferrite content between 30 and 60% for Duplex steels and between 35 and 65% for Super Duplex steels.
- a slow cooling rate causes grain enlargement, formation of the Sigma phase, and precipitation of nitrites and carbides, which can significantly reduce mechanical characteristics as well as corrosion resistance.
- a suitable microstructure is obtained by a heat treatment called “annealing” or “annealing / annealing” or “annealing” in the English language and which comprises two successive steps: a step of heating the product to a temperature of the order of 1000 0 C to 1300 0 C and a controlled rapid cooling step, or hypertrempe.
- This treatment is applied after hot rolling and / or after cold forming whether rolling, drawing or stretching.
- the structural hardening of the steel is favored by a mechanism of fine interstitial dispersion, which makes it possible to increase the yield strength and the resistance to breaking without degrading toughness.
- duplex steels are also known for their good resistance to stress corrosion in aqueous media with high concentrations of H 2 S and chlorides. Table II below shows the minimum mechanical properties of annealed duplex steel annealed in the English language.
- the annealing treatment is usually applied in the end after cold forming, whether for flat products of the sheet or strip type, or for long products such as wires or profiles. Table II above corresponds to this case.
- the term "hardened duplex” designates a duplex stainless steel product which has been hot rolled after cold rolling of the rolling and / or drawing and / or drawing type, and having not undergone any annealing treatment. This corresponds to state 2H of the above standard or "cold worked condition".
- This rate of work hardening T is measured by the difference of the straight sections of the steel wire before Sr and after Sf the final step of cold forming and reported to the cross section of the wire with a high rate.
- T (Sr-Sf) / Sr.
- Sr denotes the straight section of the annealing treatment output wire ("annealing" in English) and before cold forming.
- Sf is the cross-section of the finished wire after cold forming.
- the calculation of T therefore takes into account only the work-hardening performed after the annealing.
- Table III below shows two examples of duplex hardened stainless steel wires: Board
- duplex stainless steel 2205 presented in the last row of Table III and also in Table II, a cold rolling with a T work hardening rate of the order of 36% can greatly increase the stress at rupture Rm of the steel wire because it is increased from 750 MPa after annealing at 1300 MPa after cold rolling, a gain of 80%.
- the gain exceeds 100%, since the breaking stress is increased from 670 MPa to 1400 MPa.
- the work hardening rates of these two examples of duplex steel wires are greater than or equal to the minimum work hardening rate required to produce a flexible tubular pipe according to the invention, since their breaking stress value is 1300 respectively. MPa and 1400 MPa.
- Rm is a known practice and listed in the normative documents EN 10088-2 and EN 10088-3.
- EN 10088-2 relating to sheets, strips and strips, does not cite any hardened Duplex, this method of production seems to be mainly reserved for austenitic stainless steels (see Table 18).
- such strongly hardened son are intended for the realization of the springs and have never been planned or even envisaged to make son underwater flexible pipe armor.
- duplex steels the corrosion resistance of duplex steels is degraded when they are subjected to a cold hardening important, and this is also the reason why these materials are usually used at home. annealed state. Also, the invention lies in the implementation of these hardened stainless steel son, at a rate greater than 35%, to form tensile armor son.
- these yarns are sufficiently resistant to corrosion to be used as tensile armor wires of flexible pipes carrying very corrosive hydrocarbons.
- the natural solution for increasing the mechanical properties of stainless steel wires without degrading the corrosion resistance is rather to choose higher-grade steels in the Duplex family of steel, that is to say to choose Super or Hyper Duplex.
- the reference standard used by a person skilled in the art namely the NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard referred to in API RP 17B in the "Materials - Unbonded Pipe - Pressure and Tensile Armor Layers" section, recommends, in particular in the table A.25, not to exceed a hardness of 36 HRc for hardened duplexes to be used in a corrosive medium.
- a hardness of 36 HRc corresponds approximately to a breaking stress value Rm of 1200 MPa. Therefore, those skilled in the art had to overcome a technical prejudice to consider using hardened duplexes having a breaking stress value Rm greater than 1400 MPa and a hardness higher than 43HRc.
- a carcass 10 is formed consisting of a stapled metal winding to prevent collapse ("collapse" in English) of the pipe under the effect of the external pressure.
- an internal pressure-tight sealing sheath 12 made of plastic material is extruded around the carcass 10. This internal pressure-tight sheath 12 is particularly resistant to the chemical action of the hydrocarbon transported.
- a shaped wire around the inner sheath 12 is then wound in a short pitch helix to form a pressure vault 14 capable of withstanding mainly at the pressure of the fluid circulating inside the internal pressure sheath 12.
- austenitic ferritic stainless steel wires comprising for example between 21 and 23% chromium, between 4.5 and 6.5% nickel and between 0.1 and 0.2% nitrogen. These metal wires are cold-worked with a work hardening rate greater than 35%. Such a work hardening rate gives them a breaking stress value of greater than 1300 MPa.
- Said plurality of metal wires is divided into two substantially equal groups of metal wires.
- the threads of a first group are wound at a long pitch and side by side around said pressure sheath, for example at an angle of between 25 ° and 35 ° with the axis of the pipe to form a first layer of armor.
- the yarns of the second group are also wound at long pitch and side by side at a substantially equal angle but in opposite directions to form a second ply of traction armor 18 crossed with the first.
- an outer protective and sealing sheath 20 is formed around said second traction armor ply 18, for example by extrusion of a polymer so as to obtain a flexible tubular conduit 22.
- the traction armors are reality housed in the annular of the flexible pipe 22, between the inner pressure sheath 12 and the outer sheath 20 and are therefore relatively protected.
- a first surprising effect is the importance of the protection provided by the pressure sheath 12. Indeed, even if the internal pressure sheath 12 allows to diffuse a portion of the corrosive gases, it turns out that it strongly limits their passage. Thus, for example, when the partial pressure H 2 S at the center of the pipe is 2 bar, it is less than 0.2 bar in the ring.
- a second unexpected effect is that of the outer sheath 20. It turns out that the outer sheath 20 has both a favorable effect and an adverse effect, but that surprisingly the favorable effect prevails. .
- the favorable effect is to limit / prevent contact with seawater and thus limit the chloride content and oxygen in the armor.
- the adverse effect is to curb the evacuation to seawater of corrosive gases having diffused through the pressure sheath 12, so that part of these remain trapped in the ring finger.
- the flexible tubular pipe 22 comprises, as is the case in the aforementioned figure, a pressure vault 14 made of unalloyed carbon steel or low-alloy steel, coiled helically at short pitch between the inner pressure sheath 12 and secondly the tensile armor plies 16, 18 in highly hardened duplex steel.
- This surprising effect which results from the strong confinement in the annular space and from the consumption of a large part of the H 2 S by reaction with carbon steel, strongly reduces the hydrogen embrittlement phenomena which the hardened steel tensile steel armor. Many studies have been necessary to highlight this phenomenon.
- the terms "carbon steel” and "low alloy steel” are defined in particular in the European standard EN 10027.
- Examples of carbon steels and of low alloy steel suitable for making the pressure vault 14 are described in WO91 / 16461 and WO96 / 28575. We can particularly cite the examples of unalloyed steel FM35 and low alloy steels 32C1 and 30CD4, all three defined according to the French standardization AFNOR.
- the annular space is mainly filled with metal wires with a very large confinement. There is therefore in the annular a very large surface of metal compared to the low interstitial volume.
- the phenomenon of diffusion of corrosive gases through the pressure sheath 12 is slow and the flow rates concerned low.
- the low flow of H 2 S diffused is at the level of the pressure vault 14 in the presence of a very large active surface of carbon steel, so much of the H2S is consumed by reaction with this steel to form corrosion products of the iron sulphide type.
- the flow rate of residual H 2 S reaching the tensile steel tensile armor yarns strongly hardened armor plies 16, 18 is extremely low, almost 100 times lower than that corresponding to the case where the annular does not include any metal layer of carbon steel.
- This favorable effect which avoids excessive acidity, that is to say a low pH in the annular space, makes it possible in practice to use hardened low or medium range Duplex steels, for example of the "Lean Duplex" type such as listed in Table II above, or in more severe cases Duplex 2205 steel, which reduces the cost of pipe construction.
- the phenomenon of galvanic corrosion between on the one hand the pressure vault 14 made of carbon steel, and on the other hand the duplex steel armor is negligible in most applications. In the most severe cases, to avoid this problem, a polymeric intermediate layer of the sheath or coiled strip type can be inserted between the pressure vault 14 and the armor ply 16, 18.
- the pipe 22 does not include any pressure vault, and the tensile armor wires are then generally wound at an angle close to 55 ° so as to be able to properly take up the constraints related to the pressure. of the transported fluid.
- the tensile armor wires are then generally wound at an angle close to 55 ° so as to be able to properly take up the constraints related to the pressure. of the transported fluid.
- the strain hardening ratio T of the tensile armor wires is less than 75%, otherwise the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement becomes too weak and the elongation at break becomes also insufficient. The latter must remain greater than 5% to allow the operation of helical winding son.
- the mode of work hardening is of great importance. Stress hardening in pure tension parallel to the axis of the wire does not allow to increase sufficiently mechanical characteristics.
- the best mode of hardening is the flattening by rolling between two rollers. At equal rate of hardening, it is the mode that seems to provide the best gain of mechanical characteristics.
- the degree of hardening T varies between 35% and 75%, advantageously between
- the ultimate tensile stress Rm of the finished yarn varies between 1300 MPa and 1600 MPa, and more preferably is 1400 MPa.
- the hardness of the finished wire varies between 40 HRc and 48 HRc, advantageously 44 HRc.
- the Lean Duplex with the reference LDX 2101 and listed in Table II although very economical because containing very little nickel, has the disadvantage of being sensitive enough to corrosion. by crevice that can be initiated in case of flooding of the ring finger with seawater following an accidental tearing of the outer sheath of the flexible pipe. The same is true for Lean Duplex with reference 2304 and listed in Table II. These materials are therefore reserved for applications in which this risk of tearing can be avoided by other means, in particular by means of reinforcing or protecting the outer sheath.
- the grade of steel bearing reference 2205 in Table 11 satisfactorily withstands this type of corrosion. It becomes sensitive to crevice corrosion only when the temperature exceeds 50 0 C, which is rare in the ring of a flexible pipe. Also, this grade of steel is a good choice for making hardened armor son according to the invention.
- Traction armor yarns could also be made with other grades of highly hardened stainless steel, especially with austenitic, super-austenitic or nickel-based stainless steels.
- austenitic, super-austenitic or nickel-based stainless steels are significantly less efficient or more expensive than Duplex steels.
- the austenitic stainless steels have significantly lower mechanical characteristics than the duplexes, and must therefore be much more work hardened than the duplexes to reach a Rm greater than 1300 MPa, which reduces their ductility and their resistance to embrittlement. hydrogen.
- super-austenitic stainless steels in particular those comprising about 6% molybdenum, and nickel base stainless steels having more than 30% nickel have the disadvantage of being very expensive mainly because of their high nickel content.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BRPI1014605A BRPI1014605B1 (pt) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-05-03 | “processo de fabricação de um conduto tubular flexível, e, conduto tubular flexível para o transporte dos hidrocarbonetos” |
GB1118078.3A GB2481175B (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-05-03 | Method for making a flexible tubular pipe having a long length |
DKPA201170657A DK179251B1 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2011-11-29 | Method for making a flexible tubular pipe having a long length |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0902149 | 2009-05-04 | ||
FR0902149A FR2945099B1 (fr) | 2009-05-04 | 2009-05-04 | Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible de grande longueur |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2010128238A1 true WO2010128238A1 (fr) | 2010-11-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2010/050840 WO2010128238A1 (fr) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-05-03 | Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible de grande longueur |
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Country | Link |
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BR (1) | BRPI1014605B1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK179251B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2945099B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2481175B (fr) |
MY (1) | MY154445A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010128238A1 (fr) |
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WO2013128097A1 (fr) | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-06 | Technip France | Conduite tubulaire flexible pour le transport d'hydrocarbures corrosifs |
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BR112016013525B1 (pt) | 2013-12-13 | 2021-03-30 | Outokumpu Oyj | Método para produção de aço inoxidável duplex de alta resistência |
CN104318990B (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | 用于水下脐带缆充油式贯穿密封方法及装置 |
DE102015226795A1 (de) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-06-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Komponente einer hydraulischen Einrichtung, insbesondere einer Brennstoffeinspritzanlage für Brennkraftmaschinen |
FR3079360B1 (fr) | 2018-03-22 | 2020-04-24 | Technip France | Ligne destinee a etre immergee dans une etendue d'eau et procede de fabrication associe |
WO2021104914A1 (fr) | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Conduite flexible non collée |
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- 2010-05-03 BR BRPI1014605A patent/BRPI1014605B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013128097A1 (fr) | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-06 | Technip France | Conduite tubulaire flexible pour le transport d'hydrocarbures corrosifs |
CN113330124A (zh) * | 2018-12-31 | 2021-08-31 | 贝克休斯能源科技英国有限公司 | 钢丝 |
CN111853385A (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏领嘉科技有限公司 | 一种钝齿环、高耐压压接连接金属管的管件及其加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB2481175A (en) | 2011-12-14 |
GB2481175B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
FR2945099B1 (fr) | 2011-06-03 |
DK179251B1 (en) | 2018-03-05 |
GB201118078D0 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
BRPI1014605B1 (pt) | 2020-04-07 |
FR2945099A1 (fr) | 2010-11-05 |
DK201170657A (en) | 2011-11-29 |
MY154445A (en) | 2015-06-15 |
BRPI1014605A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
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