WO2010125734A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの水抜き方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの水抜き方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010125734A1 WO2010125734A1 PCT/JP2010/001678 JP2010001678W WO2010125734A1 WO 2010125734 A1 WO2010125734 A1 WO 2010125734A1 JP 2010001678 W JP2010001678 W JP 2010001678W WO 2010125734 A1 WO2010125734 A1 WO 2010125734A1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 1263
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a replacement device that needs to be replaced periodically such as a water purifier in the water path, a device that is replaced when a failure such as a temperature sensor occurs, and a fuel cell system including the fuel cell system It relates to a draining method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that water in the cooling water path is drained during maintenance, the fuel cell system has a water path other than the cooling water path. However, it is not considered how to drain water from these water paths depending on the situation during maintenance.
- the present invention solves the conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of draining water according to the situation when performing maintenance and a draining method of the fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a water circulation path through which water necessary for operation of the fuel cell system circulates, and the water circulation path in a plurality of blocks when draining water.
- a separation mechanism configured to divide and divide the water in the water circulation path into blocks; a drainage channel connected to each block; and a drainage valve provided in the drainage channel.
- the water draining method of the fuel cell system of the present invention includes a fuel cell, a water circulation path through which water necessary for operation of the fuel cell system circulates, the water circulation path divided into a plurality of blocks when draining, and A method for draining a fuel cell system, comprising: a separation mechanism configured to divide water in the water circulation path into each block; a drainage channel connected to each block; and a drainage valve provided in the drainage channel. And opening the drain valve of the drainage channel connected to the block in which a part requiring maintenance or the block in which an abnormality has been detected is opened, and draining only the block. It is characterized by.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the operating device of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the operating device of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of the first water circulation path of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically showing a drainage abnormality detection sequence of the first water circulation path in the drainage process of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of the second water circulation path of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the operating device of the
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing a drainage abnormality detection sequence of the second water circulation path in the draining process of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process for all the blocks in the water circulation path of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a water drain abnormality detection sequence in the water circulation path in the water draining process of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart schematically showing a draining process of the exhaust heat recovery water path (water path) of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of the hot water storage tank of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a series of flows including the water draining operation of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system of the fourth modification.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a series of flows including the water draining operation of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process for all blocks in the water circulation path of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart schematically showing a water removal abnormality detection sequence in the water circulation path in the water draining process of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system and the method for draining the fuel cell system in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a water circulation path through which water necessary for operation of the fuel cell system circulates, a water circulation path divided into a plurality of blocks when draining water, and water in the water circulation path Is provided with a separation mechanism configured to divide each block into blocks, a drainage channel connected to each block, and a drainage valve provided in the drainage channel.
- the draining operation is performed only for the block that requires draining in the water circulation path according to the draining mode selected by the operator via the instruction acquiring unit, and through the instruction acquiring unit. Including the case where the water draining operation is automatically executed only for the block that needs water draining without selecting the water draining mode.
- drainage means that water in a predetermined block in the water circulation path is discharged out of the fuel cell system from the drainage channel by opening the drainage valve.
- At least one “drain valve” is provided in each block.
- the fuel cell system according to the second aspect is the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, wherein the water circulation path is discharged from the first water circulation path and the first water circulation path through which the cooling water for cooling the fuel cell circulates.
- the second water circulation path that purifies the cooling water and returns it to the first water circulation path, and the separation mechanism is connected to the first water circulation path and the second water circulation path, and stores the cooling water. It is composed of a tank.
- a fuel cell system according to a third aspect is the fuel cell system according to the second aspect, wherein a first drainage channel provided in the first water circulation path, a first drainage valve provided in the first drainage channel, The second drainage channel provided in the second water circulation path and the second drainage valve provided in the second drainage channel are provided.
- a fuel cell system is the first fuel cell system according to the second aspect, wherein the first maintenance component provided in the first water circulation path and an abnormality in the first water circulation path are detected. At least one of the abnormality detectors, and at least one of the second abnormality detector provided in the second water circulation path for detecting an abnormality in the second maintenance component and the second water circulation path, It is characterized by comprising.
- the “first maintenance component” refers to a component that is regularly maintained (inspected / replaced), and is provided in a filter or a first water tank provided in a second water pump that sends cooling water. Examples include filters that capture impurities.
- the “second maintenance part” refers to a part that is regularly maintained (inspected / replaced), and is a purifier for purifying the recovered water recovered from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell, or recovered water for storing the recovered water. Examples thereof include a filter that captures impurities in the tank and a filter that is provided in a first water pump that delivers purified water.
- Examples of the first abnormality detector include a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the cooling water, a water level detector that detects the water level of the first water tank, and a rotation number detector of the second water pump.
- examples of the second abnormality detector include a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the recovered water, a water level detector for the recovered water tank, and a rotational speed detector for the first water pump.
- the fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect is the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, wherein the water circulation path is extracted from the hot water storage tank for storing the water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell system, and the hot water storage tank.
- a water path through which water returning to the hot water tank flows after recovering the exhaust heat of the system, and the separation mechanism is a first opening / closing provided in the water path before recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell system It has a valve and the 2nd on-off valve provided in the water path after collect
- a fuel cell system according to a sixth aspect is the fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect, wherein a third drainage channel provided in the water channel, a third drainage valve provided in the third drainage channel, and a hot water storage tank And a fourth drainage valve provided in the fourth drainage channel, and a fourth drainage valve provided in the fourth drainage channel.
- the fuel cell system according to a seventh aspect is the fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect, wherein the fuel cell system according to the fifth aspect is provided in a hot water storage tank and a third abnormality detector that detects an abnormality in the water path provided in the water path. And a fourth abnormality detector.
- examples of the “third abnormality detector” include a temperature detector that detects the temperature of water flowing through the water path, and a rotation speed detector of a third water pump that sends out water in the water path. Is done.
- examples of the “fourth abnormality detector” include a temperature detector that detects the temperature of water in the hot water storage tank, a water level detector that detects the water level of the hot water storage tank, and the like.
- the fuel cell system according to the eighth aspect is the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, wherein the water circulation path includes a second water tank that stores recovered water recovered from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell, and purified water that purifies the recovered water.
- a first water tank for storing fuel as cooling water for cooling the fuel cell a first connection path connecting the first water tank and the second water tank, a first branch path branched from the first connection path, A fifth drain valve provided in the branch path, a purifier is provided in the first connection path, and the first branch path includes the purifier by opening the fifth drain valve.
- the water is configured to be drained.
- a fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to the eighth aspect, wherein the second water tank is disposed above the purifier and detects the water level in the second water tank. And the fifth drain valve is opened to drain water from the block including the purifier and the second water tank, and in the water filling operation after draining is completed, the purifier is detected by the rise of the water level detected by the water level detector. And a controller for detecting the completion of water filling.
- a fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to the eighth aspect, wherein a water level detector that detects a water level in the first water tank, a purifier and a second water tank by opening the fifth drain valve A controller for detecting that the water filling of the purifier has been completed by the rise of the water level detected by the water level detector in the water filling operation after the water draining is completed.
- controller may be configured by a single controller that performs centralized control, or may be configured by a plurality of controllers that perform distributed control in cooperation with each other.
- controller for example, a microprocessor, a CPU, or the like can be used.
- a fuel cell system is the water pump for delivering the recovered water in the second water tank to the first water tank, provided in the first connection path in the fuel cell system according to the eighth aspect.
- the first branch path is branched from the side where the purifier is provided with reference to the water pump of the first connection path.
- the fuel cell system according to a twelfth aspect is the fuel cell system according to any one of the eighth to eleventh aspects, wherein a second connection path for returning water overflowing from the first water tank to the second water tank is provided.
- the second water tank is open to the atmosphere, and the first water tank is open to the atmosphere through the second connection path and the second water tank.
- the fuel cell system according to the thirteenth aspect is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, which receives an instruction to set a block for executing the draining process in the water circulation path by an operator's manual operation. Control that opens the drainage valve provided in the drainage drainage channel so that it can be discharged from the instruction acquisition unit and the drainage channel (hereinafter referred to as the drainage drainage channel) connected to the block where the drainage process is instructed by the instruction acquisition unit And a vessel.
- the “instruction acquisition device” is constituted by, for example, a remote controller that controls the operation of the fuel cell system by the operation of the operator. Then, when the operator operates a button provided on the remote controller, a signal related to the selected drainage mode (drainage valve control mode) is input to the controller.
- the fuel cell system according to the fourteenth aspect is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to fourth and eighth to twelfth aspects, wherein a water draining process is executed in the water circulation path by an operator's manual operation.
- An instruction acquisition unit that receives an instruction to set a block to be performed; and a controller that starts detection of an abnormality in the water draining process corresponding to the block for which the water draining process is instructed by the instruction acquisition unit.
- the fuel cell system of the fifteenth aspect is the fuel cell system of the fourteenth aspect, wherein a water tank provided in a block instructed to drain water by an instruction acquisition unit, and a water level for detecting the water level of the water tank A controller, and the controller performs abnormality detection based on the water level detected by the water level detector.
- a fuel cell system is the same as the fuel cell system according to the second aspect, wherein a hydrogen generator that generates a hydrogen-containing gas using raw materials and water, and a water supplier that supplies water to the hydrogen generator.
- the water supply unit is operated, and the switch is configured to switch the inflow destination of the water supplied from the water supply unit to the second water tank side.
- a controller In the draining process or the draining process of all the water circulation paths, the water supply unit is operated, and the switch is configured to switch the inflow destination of the water supplied from the water supply unit to the second water tank side.
- a controller In the draining process or the draining process of
- the draining method of the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a water circulation path through which water necessary for operation of the fuel cell system circulates, a water circulation path divided into a plurality of blocks when draining, and
- a drainage method for a fuel cell system comprising: a separation mechanism configured to divide water in a water circulation path into blocks; a drainage channel connected to each block; and a drainage valve provided in the drainage channel. Then, a drain valve of a drainage channel connected to a block in which a part requiring maintenance or a block in which an abnormality is detected is opened, and water is drained only from the block.
- the draining method for the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment is the draining method for the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment, in the case where there is a risk of freezing in the water circulation path and when the fuel cell system is put into a resting state. In at least one of the cases, all drain valves are opened to drain water from all blocks of the water circulation path.
- the draining method for the fuel cell system according to the third aspect is the draining method for the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, wherein the water circulation path is a first water circulation path through which cooling water for cooling the fuel cell circulates. And a second water circulation path that purifies the cooling water discharged from the first water circulation path and returns it to the first water circulation path, and the separation mechanism is connected to the first water circulation path and the second water circulation path.
- the cooling water tank is configured to store cooling water
- the drainage channel has a first drainage channel provided in the first water circulation path and a second drainage channel provided in the second water circulation path;
- the drainage valve has a first drainage valve provided in the first drainage channel and a second drainage valve provided in the second drainage channel, the first maintenance component provided in the first water circulation path, At least one of the first abnormality detectors for detecting an abnormality in the first water circulation path
- the fuel cell system further includes at least one of a second maintenance component and a second abnormality detector that is provided in the second water circulation path and detects an abnormality in the second water circulation path.
- the drainage is executed only in the first water circulation path, and the maintenance of the second maintenance part or the second When an abnormality in the water circulation path is detected, drainage is executed only in the second water circulation path.
- the draining method of the fuel cell system according to the fourth aspect is the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, wherein the water circulation path is taken out of the hot water storage tank for storing the water recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, and the hot water storage tank. And a water path through which water returning to the hot water storage tank flows after recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, and the separation mechanism is provided in the water path before recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell.
- An on-off valve and a second on-off valve provided in the water path after recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, and the drainage path is provided in the third drainage path provided in the water path and the hot water storage tank.
- the drainage valve has a third drainage valve provided in the third drainage channel and a fourth drainage valve provided in the fourth drainage channel, and is provided in the water channel.
- a third abnormality detector for detecting an abnormality in the water path and an abnormality in the hot water storage tank provided in the hot water storage tank provided in the hot water storage tank.
- the fuel cell system further includes a fourth abnormality detector for detecting, and when an abnormality in the water path is detected, the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve are closed, the third drain valve is opened, Only draining water in the path, and if a hot water storage tank abnormality is detected, the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve are closed, the fourth drain valve is opened, and only the water in the hot water storage tank is drained. It is characterized by.
- Embodiment 1 The fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention exemplifies a form in which the water circulation path has a first water circulation path and a second water circulation path.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 2 and 3 are schematic views showing a schematic configuration of the operating device of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- a fuel cell system 100 includes a housing 70 having an intake port and an exhaust port and a hot water storage tank 9. Inside the housing 70 are a fuel cell 1, an oxidant gas supplier 2 that supplies oxidant gas (air), a hydrogen generator 101 that generates fuel gas by reforming the raw material and water, and heat exchange.
- the vessel 6, the cooling water tank 12, the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A, and the controller 30 are disposed.
- the fuel cell 1 is supplied with fuel gas (hydrogen gas) generated by the hydrogen generator 101, and is supplied with oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply unit 2.
- fuel gas hydrogen gas
- oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply unit 2.
- Unused fuel gas (off fuel gas) in the fuel cell 1 flows through the fuel gas discharge path 32, and unused oxidant gas (off oxidant gas) in the fuel cell 1 passes through the oxidant gas discharge path 31. And discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100, respectively.
- the water liquefied while the water vapor in the off-oxidant gas flows through the oxidant gas discharge path 31 is recovered in the first recovered water tank 14A.
- cooling water for recovering and cooling the heat generated in the fuel cell 1 is supplied to the fuel cell 1 through the cooling water passage 11.
- a cooling water tank 12 is provided in the cooling water path 11, and the cooling water is stored in the cooling water tank 12.
- the cooling water path 11 is provided with a second water pump 10, a first temperature detector 33, and a heater 36.
- the second water pump 10 is configured to send out the cooling water in the cooling water passage 11, and the second water pump 10 includes a rotation speed detector that detects the rotation speed of the filter and the second water pump 10. Is provided.
- the first temperature detector 33 is configured to detect the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water path 11 and transmit the detected temperature to the controller 30.
- the heater 36 is configured to heat the cooling water flowing through the cooling water passage 11, and an electric heater can be used. In addition, it is preferable that the heater 36 is comprised so that the surplus electric energy of the fuel cell 1 may be consumed.
- a heat exchanger 6 is provided in the cooling water passage 11.
- the heat exchanger 6 exchanges heat between the cooling water having the exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell 1 and the water (hot water) taken out from the hot water storage tank 9 and flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8. It is configured as follows. Water (hot water) that has recovered the heat held by the cooling water in the heat exchanger 6 flows through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and is supplied to the hot water storage tank 9.
- the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is provided with a third water pump 7.
- the third water pump 7 is configured to send out water (hot water storage water) in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8, and the third water pump 7 detects the rotation speed of the filter and the third water pump 7.
- a rotational speed detector is provided.
- a first drainage channel 18 whose downstream end is opened to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 (housing 70) is connected to the cooling water channel 11.
- a first drain valve 20 is provided on the outer side of the casing 70 of the first drain channel 18.
- the first drain valve 20 opens the valve body so that the water in the cooling water passage 11 and the cooling water tank 12 flows through the first drain passage 18 and is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100. It is configured.
- the 1st drain valve 20 may be comprised by the automatic on-off valve by which the controller 30 controls the opening / closing, and may be comprised by the manual on-off valve opened and closed by a user or a maintenance worker. .
- the reforming water path 50 for supplying water to the hydrogen generator 101 is connected to the cooling water path 11.
- the reforming water path 50 is provided with a fourth water pump 45 for sending water in the reforming water path 50.
- the upstream end of the branch passage 48 is connected to a portion of the reforming water passage 50 on the downstream side of the fourth water pump 45, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the first recovered water tank 14A.
- a fourth open / close valve 47 is provided in the branch path 48.
- a third on-off valve 46 is provided on the downstream side of the part of the reforming water path 50 where the branch path 48 is connected.
- the third on-off valve 46 and the fourth on-off valve 47 constitute a switching device, and the controller 30 controls the opening / closing of the third on-off valve 46 and the fourth on-off valve 47, thereby cooling the cooling water tank 12.
- the inflow destination of water can be switched between the hydrogen generator 101 and the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the switch is constituted by the third on-off valve 46 and the fourth on-off valve 47, but is not limited to this.
- the controller 30 controls the switching port of the three-way valve so that the inflow destination of the cooling water from the cooling water tank 12 is between the hydrogen generator 101 and the first recovered water tank 14A. Switching control may be performed.
- the connection location of the reforming water flow path 50 is not limited to this example,
- the water tank 12 may be sufficient. That is, the reforming water channel 50 may be connected to any location on the cooling water path 11.
- the cooling water tank 12 is provided with a water level detector 13 for detecting the water level of the cooling water tank 12.
- the water level detector 13 may be in any form as long as it can detect the water level of the cooling water tank 12 and output the detected water level to the controller 30, for example, a float type water level detector or a hydraulic pressure type. Water level detector.
- the cooling water tank 12 is connected to a second connection path 28 for returning the water overflowed from the cooling water tank 12 to the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the first recovery water tank 14A is provided with a water level detector 15A and a filter 51.
- the water level detector 15A may have any form as long as it can detect the water level in the first recovered water tank 14A and output the detected water level to the controller 30, for example, a float type water level detector. And a hydraulic water level detector.
- the filter 51 is configured to capture impurities in the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the upstream end of the first connection path 21 is connected to the first recovered water tank 14A, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the cooling water tank 12.
- a first water pump 16 and a purifier 17 are provided in the middle of the first connection path 21.
- the first water pump 16 is configured to send out water in the first connection path 21, and the first water pump 16 includes a rotation speed detector that detects the rotation speed of the filter and the first water pump 16. Is provided.
- the purifier 17 is configured to purify the water in the first recovered water tank 14A.
- a container filled with an ion exchange resin is used.
- the purifier 17 is not limited to this example, and may be a member that purifies the recovered water supplied to the cooling water tank 12 such as activated carbon.
- a first branch path 24 branched from the first connection path 21 is connected in the middle of the first connection path 21.
- the downstream end of the first branch path 24 is opened to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 (housing 70), and the second drain valve 26 is provided at a portion of the first branch path 24 on the downstream side of the casing 70. Is provided.
- the first recovery water tank 14A, the purifier 17 and the first branch path 24 are configured so that the water in the purifier 17 and the first recovery water tank 14A is released by the second drain valve 26 opening the valve body. Flows through the first branch passage 24 and is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100, and the purifier 17 and the first recovered water tank 14A are drained. After the completion of draining, the purifier 17 and the first recovery water tank 14A are filled with water. When the water level detector 15A detects that the filling of the first recovered water tank 14A is completed, the purification is performed. It is comprised so that the water filling of the vessel 17 is completed.
- the upper end of the purifier 17A is configured to be lower than the water level at the completion of the filling of the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the first branch path 24 is the “second drain path” and the “first branch path”
- the second drain valve 26 is the “second drain valve” and the “fifth drain valve”. " In the first embodiment, this is because the first connection path 21 is configured to be connected to the bottom surface of the first recovered water tank 14A, and thus the first branch path opened outside the fuel cell system 100. This is because it is possible to drain water from both the purifier 17 and the first recovered water tank 14A only by providing the second drain valve 26 that opens and closes the first branch passage 24 and the first branch passage 24.
- the arrangement of the first recovered water tank 14A, the purifier 17 and the first branch path 24 is an example, and the water in the purifier 17 and the first recovered water tank 14A passes through the first branch path 24.
- the 2nd drain valve 26 may be comprised with the automatic on-off valve by which the controller 30 controls the opening / closing, and may be comprised with the manual on-off valve opened and closed by a user or a maintenance worker. .
- the purifier 17 and the first recovery water tank 14A may be filled by supplying water (for example, tap water) from the outside of the fuel cell system 100 to the first recovery water tank 14A. You may carry out by supplying the water of the tank 9 to the 1st collection
- water for example, tap water
- first recovered water tank 14A is open to the atmosphere
- cooling water tank 12 is open to the atmosphere through the second connection path 28 and the first recovered water tank 14A.
- an exhaust device 19 for exhausting gas (for example, air or fuel gas) in the housing 70 to the outside is provided near the exhaust port of the housing 70.
- gas for example, air or fuel gas
- fans such as a blower and a sirocco fan can be used.
- the controller 30 may be in any form as long as it is a device that controls each device constituting the fuel cell system 100, such as the second water pump 10, and may be configured by, for example, a microprocessor, a CPU, or the like. it can. Note that the controller 30 is not only configured as a single controller, but also configured as a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell system 100. I do not care. Further, the controller 30 may include not only an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, but also a storage unit including a memory and a timing unit.
- the operation device (instruction acquisition device) 29 includes a control unit (not shown) configured by a microprocessor, a communication unit (not shown), a display unit 29a, and an input unit 29b. And the control unit controls the communication unit and the like.
- the operating device 29 is constituted by a panel computer.
- the operation device 29 receives the control signal by the communication unit, and the control unit processes this and transmits it to the display unit 29a.
- the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 receives a setting instruction for a block for performing a drainage process in the water circulation path by a manual operation of an operator (a user of the fuel cell system 100 or a maintenance worker), and the input unit 29b.
- the operation signal input to the controller 30 is transmitted to the controller 30 via the control unit and the communication unit of the controller 29 and received by the communication unit of the controller 30.
- the exchange of signals between the controller 30 and the operation device 29 is described by omitting communication by both communication units and processing of the control unit in the operation device 29. To do.
- the “first maintenance component” refers to, for example, a filter (not shown) provided in the second water pump 10 or the cooling water path of the cooling water tank 12.
- a filter (not shown) that captures impurities in the cooling water tank 12 provided at the outlet to be sent to 11 is exemplified.
- the “second maintenance component” include the purifier 17 and the filter 51.
- examples of the “first abnormality detector” include a water level detector 13, a first temperature detector 33, and a rotation number detector (not shown) that detects the rotation number of the second water pump 10.
- the “second abnormality detector” is a temperature detector (not shown) that detects the temperature of recovered water, a water level detector 15A, and a rotation speed detector that detects the rotation speed of the first water pump 16 (see FIG. (Not shown).
- the “first water circulation path” includes the cooling water path 11 and the cooling water tank 12
- the “second water circulation path” includes the cooling water tank 12 and the first connection path. 21, the second connection path 28, and the first recovered water tank 14A, and the cooling water tank 12 functions as a separation mechanism.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of the first water circulation path of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 is an abnormality (failure) of the first temperature detector 33 that is the first abnormality detector or a first maintenance component. It is assumed that it is detected that it is time to replace a filter (not shown) provided in the cooling water tank 12. Then, the controller 30 informs the display unit 29a of the operating device 29 that the first temperature detector 33 is out of order and that it is time to replace the filter with an error code or the like, and the maintenance company is out of order. Notify that it is time to replace the filter. Next, the controller 30 abnormally stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 is in the power generation operation.
- the maintenance worker of the maintenance company that has received the notification that there is a failure or the like performs the drainage process of the first water circulation path as shown below.
- the maintenance worker manually opens the first drain valve 20 (step S101), and selects the water draining mode of the first water circulation path (step S102).
- the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the water draining mode 1 shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed.
- the controller 30 maintains the stopped state of the first water pump 16, the second water pump 10, and the fourth water pump 45, and the third on-off valve 46 and the fourth on-off valve.
- the closed state of 47 is maintained.
- the cooling water tank 12 functions as a separation mechanism, and is divided into a block composed of the first water circulation path and a block composed of the second water circulation path, and the water between the blocks is separated.
- the water in the 1st water circulation path which has the cooling water path 11 and the cooling water tank 12 is discharged
- step S102 the controller 30 executes the draining abnormality detection sequence of the first water circulation path (step S103).
- the drainage abnormality detection sequence of the first water circulation path will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically showing a water removal abnormality detection sequence of the first water circulation path in the water draining process of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S11 when the elapsed time after the water draining mode 1 is selected in step S102 becomes equal to or longer than T1 (step S11), the controller 30 causes the water level detector 13 in the cooling water tank 12 to cool water. It is determined whether water remains in the tank 12 (step S12).
- T1 is a time longer than the time required for the cooling water remaining in the cooling water passage 11 and the cooling water tank 12 to be discharged out of the fuel cell system 100, and is obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
- whether or not water remains in the cooling water tank 12 by the water level detector 13 is determined by whether or not a water level equal to or higher than the detection lower limit of the water level detector 13 is detected.
- step S12 When the water level detector 13 detects that water remains in the cooling water tank 12 (Yes in step S12), the controller 30 notifies the display unit 29a of the operation device 29 of the abnormality (step). S13) This sequence is finished. On the other hand, if the water level detector 13 does not detect that water remains in the cooling water tank 12 (No in step S12), the controller 30 does not notify the display unit 29a of an abnormality (step S14). This sequence ends.
- the controller 30 confirms that there is no abnormality in draining the first water circulation path in the drainage abnormality detection sequence (step S104), and confirms that draining is completed.
- the input unit 29b is informed that the drainage mode of the first water circulation path has ended (see FIG. 3), and the maintenance worker presses the confirmation button of the input unit 29b to confirm the end of the drainage mode (step) S105).
- step S106 the maintenance worker manually closes the first drain valve 20 (step S106), and replaces the first temperature detector 33 and the filter.
- step S106 the maintenance worker manually closes the first drain valve 20
- the first temperature detector 33 and the filter replaces the first temperature detector 33 and the filter.
- water filling is performed in the first water circulation path.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of the second water circulation path of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 performs the second operation.
- an abnormality (failure) of a temperature detector (not shown) that detects the temperature of recovered water, which is an abnormality detector, or when the filter 51 provided in the first recovered water tank 14A, which is a second maintenance component, is replaced.
- the controller 30 informs the display unit 29a of the operation device 29 that the temperature detector has failed or that it is time to replace the filter 51 with an error code or the like, and also notifies the maintenance company that it has failed. And informs that it is time to replace the filter.
- the controller 30 abnormally stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 is in the power generation operation.
- the maintenance worker of the maintenance company that has received the notification that there is a failure or the like performs the draining process of the second water circulation path as shown below.
- the maintenance worker manually opens the second drain valve 26 (step S201), and selects the water draining mode of the second water circulation path (step S202).
- the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the water draining mode 2 shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed.
- the controller 30 maintains the stopped state of the first water pump 16, the second water pump 10, and the fourth water pump 45, and the third on-off valve 46 and the fourth on-off valve.
- the closed state of 47 is maintained.
- the cooling water tank 12 functions as a separation mechanism, and is divided into a block composed of the second water circulation path and a block composed of the first water circulation path, and the water between the blocks is separated.
- step S202 When the drainage mode of the second water circulation path is selected in step S202, the controller 30 executes the water drainage abnormality detection sequence of the second water circulation path (step S203).
- the drainage abnormality detection sequence of the second water circulation path will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing a drainage abnormality detection sequence of the second water circulation path in the draining process of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S21 when the elapsed time after the water draining mode 2 is selected in step S202 becomes T2 or longer (step S21), the controller 30 causes the water level detector 15A in the first recovered water tank 14A to perform. It is determined whether or not water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A (step S22). T2 is a time longer than the time required for the recovered water remaining in the second water circulation path to be discharged out of the fuel cell system 100, and is obtained in advance through experiments or the like. In the present embodiment, whether or not water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A by the water level detector 15A is determined by whether or not a water level equal to or higher than the detection lower limit of the water level detector 15A is detected.
- step S22 When the water level detector 15A detects that water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A (Yes in step S22), the controller 30 notifies the display unit 29a of the operation device 29 of the abnormality. (Step S23), this sequence is completed. On the other hand, when the water level detector 15A detects that water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A, the controller 30 does not notify the display unit 29a of the abnormality (step S24) and performs this sequence. finish.
- the controller 30 confirms that there is no abnormality in the drainage of the second water circulation path in the drainage abnormality detection sequence (step S204), and confirms that the drainage is completed.
- the input unit 29b is informed that the drainage mode of the second water circulation path has ended (see FIG. 3), and the maintenance worker presses the confirm button on the input unit 29b to confirm the end of the drainage mode (step S205).
- step S206 the maintenance worker manually closes the second drain valve 26 (step S206), and replaces the temperature detector and the filter 51.
- the controller 30 can detect that the water filling of the purifier 17 has been completed by the water level detector 15A detecting the water level.
- the block that needs to be drained is drained from the water circulation path.
- the water draining operation can be performed earlier than draining all the water in the path, and the water filling operation time after the water draining operation is shortened, so that the maintenance is completed earlier.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process of all the blocks in the water circulation path of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 100 is not used for a long period of time.
- the water draining process of all the blocks in the water circulation path shown below is performed.
- the user manually opens the first drain valve 20 and the second drain valve 26 (step S301), and selects the drain mode of all the blocks in the water circulation path (step S302).
- the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the all drainage mode shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed.
- the controller 30 maintains the stopped state of the first water pump 16 and the second water pump 10, maintains the closed state of the third on-off valve 46, and the fourth on-off valve 47. Is opened, and the fourth water pump 45 is operated (step S303).
- the water in the first water circulation path and the second water circulation path is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100, all the blocks of the water circulation path are drained, and the reforming water path 50 and the branch path 48 are also removed. Drained. Specifically, the water in the first water circulation path having the cooling water path 11 and the cooling water tank 12 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 via the first drainage path 18, and the first water circulation path is water. It is pulled out. Further, the fourth water pump 45 is operated, the closed state of the third on-off valve 46 is maintained, and the fourth on-off valve 47 is opened, so that the first water pump 50 is connected to the first water via the branch passage 48. It is supplied to the recovered water tank 14A.
- the cooling water supplied to the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 via the first branch path 24. That is, draining of the reforming water path 50 and the branch path 48 is executed by the operation of step S303. Furthermore, the water in the second water circulation path having the first connection path 21, the second connection path 28, and the first recovered water tank 14A is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 via the first branch path 24, The inside of the second water circulation path is drained. At this time, the water in the purifier 17 is also drained.
- step S302 the controller 30 executes a water drain abnormality detection sequence for all blocks in the water circulation path (step S304).
- a water drain abnormality detection sequence for all blocks in the water circulation path will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a water removal abnormality detection sequence of all blocks in the water circulation path in the water draining process of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S302 when the elapsed time after the all water draining mode is selected in step S302 becomes T3 or more (step S31), the controller 30 causes the water level detector 13 and the water level detector 15A to perform the cooling water tank. 12 determines whether water remains and whether water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A (step S32).
- T3 is a time longer than the time required for the water remaining in all the blocks of the water circulation path to be discharged out of the fuel cell system 100, and is obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
- a method for determining whether or not water remains in the cooling water tank 12 by the water level detector 13 and a method for determining whether or not water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A by the water level detector 15A are as follows. Since it is the same as the draining process of the first water circulation path and the draining process of the second water circulation path, the description thereof is omitted.
- step S32 When the water level detector 13 or the water level detector 15A detects that water remains in the cooling water tank 12 or the first recovered water tank 14A (Yes in step S32), the controller 30 operates. The display unit 29a of the device 29 is notified of the abnormality (step S33), and this sequence is terminated. On the other hand, when the water level detector 13 and the water level detector 15A detect that no water remains in the cooling water tank 13 and the first recovered water tank, the controller 30 does not notify the display unit 29a of the abnormality. (Step S34), this sequence is completed.
- the controller 30 confirms that there is no abnormality in all the blocks of the water circulation path in the drainage abnormality detection sequence (step S305), and confirms that the drainage is completed, and then inputs the input unit 29b of the operation device 29.
- the controller 30 stops the fourth water pump 45 and closes the fourth on-off valve 47.
- step S307 the maintenance worker manually closes the first drain valve 20 and the second drain valve 26 (step S307).
- the heat exchanger 6 for recovering the heat stored in the cooling water by the hot water is provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the form in which the water liquefied from the water vapor in the unused oxidant gas is recovered in the first recovered water tank 14A is not limited to this, but the unused fuel gas is used.
- recovery water tank 14A may be employ
- a form in which a maintenance worker manually opens and closes the first drain valve 20 and the second drain valve 26 is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the controller 30 controls the opening / closing of at least one of the first drain valve 20 and the second drain valve 26 may be adopted.
- an operation of opening at least one of the first drain valve 20 and the second drain valve 26 is executed by the controller 30.
- Embodiment 2 The fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention exemplifies a form in which the water circulation path is constituted by a hot water storage tank and a water path.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the exhaust heat recovery water path (water path) ) 8 and hot water storage tank 9 are different in that they constitute a water circulation path.
- the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is provided with a second temperature detector 35 that detects the temperature of the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 before recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 is provided with a first on-off valve 52, and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 after recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 is provided in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- a second on-off valve 53 is provided. That is, the first on-off valve 52 is provided upstream of the heat exchanger 6 that recovers the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8, and the second on-off valve 53 is the exhaust heat recovery water. It is provided downstream of the heat exchanger 6 in the path 8.
- the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 close the respective valve bodies, thereby the hot water storage tank 9 (more precisely, the hot water storage tank 9 and the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8). And a block having a portion upstream of the second opening / closing valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 (more precisely, exhaust heat recovery). And a block having a portion downstream of the first on-off valve 52 and an upstream side of the second on-off valve 53) of the water path 8 and functions as a separation mechanism that separates water into each block.
- a third drainage passage 41 is connected between the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water passage 8, and the third drainage valve 27 is connected to the third drainage passage 41.
- the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 are configured to pass / block water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- the third drain valve 27 is configured such that the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 via the third drain path 41 by opening the valve body. .
- the 1st on-off valve 52, the 2nd on-off valve 53, and the 3rd drain valve 27 may be comprised by the automatic on-off valve by which the controller 30 controls the opening / closing, and it is a user or a maintenance worker. You may be comprised with the manual on-off valve opened and closed.
- a degasser 37 is provided between the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- the degasser 37 is configured to communicate the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 with the atmosphere by operating the degasser 37.
- the degasser 37 may be configured by, for example, a degassing pipe connected to a pipe constituting the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and an opening / closing valve provided in the degassing pipe.
- this on-off valve may be comprised with the automatic on-off valve by which the controller 30 controls the opening / closing, and may be comprised with the manual on-off valve opened and closed by a user or a maintenance worker.
- a degasser 38 for communicating the hot water storage tank 9 with the atmosphere is provided at the upper part (here, the upper end) of the hot water tank 9, and the fourth drainage channel 42 is provided at the lower part (here, the lower end). Are connected, and the fourth drainage passage 42 is provided with a fourth drainage valve 39.
- the fourth drain valve 39 is configured such that the water in the hot water storage tank 9 is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 via the fourth drain path 42 by opening the valve body.
- the fourth drain valve 39 may be configured as an automatic on / off valve whose opening / closing is controlled by the controller 30, or may be configured as a manual on / off valve opened / closed by a user or a maintenance worker. .
- the “third abnormality detector” is a rotation of the second temperature detector 35 for detecting the temperature of the water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water passage 8 and the third water pump 7.
- a rotation speed detector or the like (not shown) for detecting the number is exemplified.
- the “fourth abnormality detector” includes a temperature detector (not shown) that detects the temperature of water in the hot water tank 9, a water level detector that detects the water level in the hot water tank 9, and the like (not shown). Is exemplified.
- heat is recovered from the cooling water that cools the fuel cell 1 through the heat exchanger 6 with water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the fuel gas discharge path 32 and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 may be provided, and the oxidant gas discharge path 31 and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart schematically showing a draining process of the exhaust heat recovery water path (water path) 8 of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 detects an abnormality (failure) of the second temperature detector 35 as the third abnormality detector during the fuel cell system 100 power generation operation or during the operation stop. Then, the controller 30 informs the display unit 29a of the operating device 29 that the second temperature detector 35 is malfunctioning, and also informs the maintenance company that it is malfunctioning. Next, the controller 30 abnormally stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 is in the power generation operation.
- the maintenance worker of the maintenance company that has received the notification that the failure has occurred performs drainage processing of the exhaust heat recovery water path (water path) 8 as shown below.
- the maintenance worker manually closes the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 (step S401), and manually opens the third drain valve 27 and the degasser 37 (step S401).
- Step S402 the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 function as a separation mechanism, and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 (more precisely, the downstream side of the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and A block having a part upstream of the second on-off valve 53), a hot water storage tank 9 (more precisely, a part on the upstream side of the hot water storage tank 9 and the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8) And the block having the portion downstream of the second on-off valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8), and the water between the blocks is separated.
- the maintenance worker selects the water draining mode of the water path (step S403). Specifically, the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the water draining mode 3 shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed. When the water draining mode 3 is selected, the controller 30 starts measuring the processing time of the water draining process.
- the controller 30 confirms that the drainage mode of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 has been terminated at the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 when the measured processing time has passed the time when the drainage process is completed. Inform (see FIG. 3).
- the maintenance worker displays a screen indicating that the water draining mode has ended on the display unit 29a of the operation device 29, the maintenance worker visually confirms that the water draining process has been completed via the third drainage channel 41, The third drain valve 27 and the degasser 37 are manually closed (step S404).
- the end of drainage of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 can be determined by acquiring the time during which the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is drained in advance through experiments or the like and lapse of the time.
- the maintenance worker replaces the second temperature detector 35.
- the exhaust heat recovery water path (water path) 8 is filled with water.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing the draining process of the hot water storage tank 9 of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 detects an abnormality (failure) in a temperature detector (not shown) provided in the hot water storage tank 9 that is the fourth abnormality detector. ) Is detected. Then, the controller 30 informs the display unit 29a of the operation device 29 that the temperature detector has failed, and also notifies the maintenance company that it has failed. Next, the controller 30 abnormally stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 is in the power generation operation.
- the maintenance worker of the maintenance company that has received the notification that the failure has occurred performs the draining process of the hot water storage tank 9 as shown below.
- the maintenance worker manually closes the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 (step S501) and manually opens the fourth drain valve 39 and the degasser 38 (step S501).
- Step S502 the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 function as a separation mechanism, and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 (more precisely, the downstream side of the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and A block having a part upstream of the second on-off valve 53), a hot water storage tank 9 (more precisely, a part on the upstream side of the hot water storage tank 9 and the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8) And the block having the portion downstream of the second on-off valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8), and the water between the blocks is separated.
- the maintenance worker selects the water draining mode of the hot water storage tank 9 (step S503). Specifically, the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the water draining mode 4 shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed. When the water draining mode 4 is selected, the controller 30 starts measuring the processing time of the water draining process.
- the controller 30 will alert
- the maintenance worker displays a screen indicating that the water draining mode has ended on the display unit 29a of the operation device 29, the maintenance worker visually confirms that the water draining process has been completed via the fourth drainage channel 42, The fourth drain valve 39 and the degasser 38 are manually closed manually (step S504).
- the maintenance worker presses the confirmation button on the input unit 29b to confirm the end of the water draining mode (step S505).
- the end of draining of the hot water storage tank 9 can be determined by acquiring the time during which the water in the hot water storage tank 9 is drained in advance through experiments or the like, and lapse of the time.
- the maintenance worker replaces the temperature detector.
- the hot water storage tank 9 is filled with water.
- the water circulation is performed by draining only the block (the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 or the hot water storage tank 9) that needs to be drained from the water circulation path.
- the draining operation can be performed earlier than draining all the blocks in the route, and the water filling operation time after the draining operation is shortened, so that the maintenance is completed earlier.
- the third drainage valve is used when the draining process is performed on all the blocks of the water circulation path as in the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- 27 and the fourth drain valve 39 may be opened, and the degasser 37 and the degasser 38 may be operated (opened).
- the maintenance worker opens and closes the first on-off valve 52, the second on-off valve 53, the third drain valve 27, the fourth drain valve 39, the gas vent 37, and the gas vent 38.
- the form which controls is employ
- the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 are closed (steps S401 and S501), and the third The operation of opening the drain valve 27 and the degasser 37 (steps S402 and S502) is executed by the controller 30.
- Embodiment 3 The fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described in detail.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment includes a fuel cell 1 that generates power using fuel gas and oxidant gas, and an oxidant gas supplier that supplies oxidant gas to the fuel cell 1.
- a fuel gas supplier 3 for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell 1
- a first condenser for condensing moisture contained in the off-oxidant gas discharged from the cathode gas flow path in the fuel cell 1
- the second condenser 5 for condensing moisture contained in the off-fuel gas discharged from the anode gas flow path in the fuel cell 1
- the recovered water condensed and recovered by the first condenser 4 A first recovered water tank 14A for storing recovered water containing water, a water level detector 15A for detecting the water level in the first recovered water tank 14A, a filter 51 for capturing impurities in the first recovered water tank 14A, Condensed in the second condenser 5
- a second recovered water tank 14B for storing the recovered recovered water
- a water level detector 15B for detecting
- a cooling water tank 12 for storing cooling water
- a water level detector 13 for detecting the water level in the cooling water tank 12
- a first water pump 16 for sending water to the cooling water tank 12 via the path 21, the first connection path 21, and water for overflowing the cooling water tank 12 to be returned to the first recovered water tank 14A.
- a second purifier 17 for purifying the water in the first recovery water tank 14A, and a second for sending the cooling water in the cooling water path 11 provided in the second connection path 28 and the first connection path 21.
- a water pump 10 Heater 36 for heating the cooling water in the rejection water path 11, a first temperature detector 33 for detecting the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water path 11, and the retained heat from the cooling water that has cooled the fuel cell 1. And a heat exchanger 6 for exchanging heat between the cooling water in the cooling water passage 11 and the water in the exhaust heat recovery water passage 8.
- the second temperature detector 35 for detecting the temperature of the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8, the third water pump 7 for sending the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8, and the heat exchanger 6
- a hot water storage tank 9 for storing hot water;
- the “first water tank” that is an example of the water supply source corresponds to a cooling water tank.
- the “second water tank” which is an example of the water supply source is configured by the first recovered water tank 14A and the second recovered water tank 14B, but is not limited to this example, and any one of these. One may be sufficient.
- a configuration may be adopted in which one of the recovered water recovered from the off-fuel gas or the off-oxidant gas is supplied to the water utilization device (for example, the cooling water tank 12).
- the second recovered water tank 14B does not release off-fuel gas to the outside air, it is necessary to be configured not to be released to the atmosphere.
- the second recovered water tank 14B is similar to the first recovered water tank 14A.
- a mode is adopted in which water is moved to a water tank that is open to the atmosphere and water is indirectly supplied to the water-using device.
- a “hot water storage tank” as an example of a water supply source corresponds to the hot water storage tank 9.
- the “first maintenance component” is provided at, for example, a filter (not shown) provided in the second water pump 10 or an outlet for sending the cooling water from the cooling water tank 12 to the cooling water passage 11.
- a filter (not shown) that captures impurities in the cooling water tank 12 is exemplified.
- the “second maintenance component” include the purifier 17 and the filter 51.
- the purifier 17 is a container filled with an ion exchange resin.
- the purifier 17 is a container filled with an ion exchange resin.
- What is necessary is just a member which purifies the recovered water supplied to water utilization apparatuses like activated carbon.
- the filter 51 is provided in the second recovered water tank 14B, but may be disposed at any location as long as the inflow of impurities to the first water pump 16 can be suppressed. For example, you may arrange
- the “heater” corresponds to the heater 36, and an electric heater or the like is used as the heater 36, and in particular, a surplus power heater that consumes surplus power of the fuel cell 1 is more preferable.
- this "heater” is provided in the cooling water path 11, it is not limited to this example, The form provided in the waste heat recovery water path 8 may be adopted.
- the “first abnormality detector” includes a water level detector 13 that detects the water level in the cooling water tank 12, a first temperature detector 33 that detects the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water passage 11, and A rotational speed detector (not shown) for detecting the rotational speed of the second water pump 10 is exemplified.
- the “second abnormality detector” includes, for example, a temperature detector (not shown) that detects the temperature of the recovered water, a water level detector 15A that detects the water level of the first recovered water tank 14A, A rotation speed detector (not shown) for detecting the rotation speed of the water pump 16 is exemplified.
- the “third abnormality detector” includes a second temperature detector 35 that detects the temperature of the water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8, and a rotation number detector that detects the rotation number of the third water pump 7. (Not shown) etc. are illustrated. Further, the “fourth abnormality detector” includes a temperature detector (not shown) for detecting the temperature of the water in the hot water tank 9, a water level detector (not shown) for detecting the water level in the hot water tank 9, and the like. Is exemplified.
- route and the 1st branch path 24 are open
- the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is provided with a first on-off valve 52 and a second on-off valve 53.
- the first on-off valve 52 is provided in the exhaust heat recovery water passage 8 through which water before recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 flows, and the second on-off valve 53 removes the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1.
- An exhaust heat recovery water path 8 through which the recovered water flows is provided. That is, the first on-off valve 52 is provided on the upstream side of the condenser or heat exchanger that recovers the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 such as the first condenser 4 in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- the on-off valve 53 is provided downstream of the first condenser 4 and the like in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8.
- the cooling water path 11 and the cooling water tank 12 comprise a 1st water circulation path, the 1st connection path 21, the 2nd connection path 28, the cooling water tank 12, the 1st collection
- the tank 14A constitutes a second water circulation path, and these paths constitute one water circulation path.
- the cooling water tank 12 constitutes a separation mechanism. Specifically, the water in the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A flows through the first connection path 21 and is supplied to the cooling water tank 12 by the operation of the first water pump 16, and overflows from the cooling water tank 12. The water thus passed flows through the second connection path 28 and is supplied to the first recovered water tank 14A. Further, when the first water pump 16 is stopped, the cooling water tank 12 functions as a separation mechanism.
- the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 constitutes another water circulation path
- the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 constitute a separation mechanism. That is, by closing the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53, the hot water storage tank 9 (more precisely, the hot water storage tank 9 and the portion of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 upstream of the first on-off valve 52). And a block having a portion downstream of the second opening / closing valve 53 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 (more precisely, the first of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8) And a block having a portion downstream of the on-off valve 52 and upstream of the second on-off valve 53), and water is separated into each block.
- the water path to be drained is opened to the atmosphere.
- the first connection path 21 is opened to the atmosphere through the cooling water tank 12, the second connection path 28, and the first recovered water tank 14A opened to the atmosphere.
- the cooling water path 11 is also opened to the atmosphere through the cooling water tank 12, the second connection path 28, and the first recovered water tank 14A opened to the atmosphere.
- the atmosphere is released by opening the degasser 37.
- the open air is secured by the open air structure of the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the hot water storage tank 9 is opened to the atmosphere by opening the degasser 38.
- the cooling water tank 12 is disposed above the first recovered water tank 14A, and is disposed so as to rise upward from the first recovered water tank 14A toward the cooling water tank 12, By opening the 5 drain valve 23, the water in the first connection path 21 and thus the water in the purifier 17 are discharged from the first branch path 24 by their own weight.
- the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes a casing 70 having an intake port and an exhaust port, and houses the fuel cell 1, the water path, and the water tank.
- an exhaust device 19 is provided for exhausting gas (for example, air or fuel gas) in the housing 70 to the outside.
- gas for example, air or fuel gas
- the exhaust device 19 for example, fans such as a blower and a sirocco fan can be used.
- the first to fifth drain valves and the degasifiers 37 and 38 are configured to be disposed outside the housing 70.
- the controller 30 is configured to determine the failure of each detector and the failure of the heater 36 based on signals from the first temperature detector 33 and the second temperature detector 35. Further, the controller 30 is configured to notify the failure of each abnormality detector to the outside via a display unit (not shown in FIG. 12) of the operation device (instruction acquisition device) 29. Further, it is also configured to determine when the purifier 17 and the filter 51 need to be replaced. Specifically, when a timer (not shown) is built in, and the accumulated value of the power generation operation time of the fuel cell system measured by this timer is equal to or greater than the time threshold that requires the purifier 17 or the filter 51 to be replaced. In addition, it is configured to notify the outside through the display unit (not shown in FIG. 12) of the operation device 29 that the purifier 17 or the filter 51 needs to be replaced.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a series of flows including the water draining operation of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S601 when the controller 30 detects an abnormality by any one of the first to fourth abnormality detectors (step S601), the controller 30 displays the display unit (not shown) of the operation device 29. ) That the abnormality is detected by an error code or the like, and also notifies the maintenance company that the abnormality has occurred, and abnormally stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 (step S602). After the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 is abnormally stopped, the maintenance worker specifies a block in the water circulation path that needs to be drained from the abnormal message displayed on the display unit (not shown). Then, according to the drainage of the water in the specified block, the first drainage valve to the fifth drainage valve, the degasser, etc.
- step S603 When a signal related to the selected drainage mode is output to the controller 30 via the operation unit 29, the controller 30 controls the first water pump 16, the second water pump 10, etc., and selects the selected water. A water draining operation corresponding to the draining mode is executed (step S604).
- the controller 30 displays the main part on the display unit 29 a of the operation device 29. While displaying an error display corresponding to the failure, the maintenance company is informed that the first temperature detector 33 has failed. Then, the maintenance worker of the maintenance company that has received the notification that there is a failure manually opens the first drain valve 20 in response to this error display, and the water drain mode (for example, the water drain shown in FIG. 2). Select mode 1) and confirm. Then, the controller 30 controls to maintain the stopped state of the first water pump 16 and the second water pump 10.
- the cooling water tank 12 has a first block having the cooling water path 11 and the cooling water tank 12 as a water circulation path, a first connection path 21, a second connection path 28, and a first recovery water tank 14A. Only the cooling water of the cooling water path 11 having the first temperature detector 33 that functions as a separation mechanism that divides the block into water and separates the water into each block and that needs to be replaced is supplied from the first drainage path 18 to the fuel cell. It is discharged outside the system.
- step S605 After completion of the water draining operation, the maintenance worker replaces the failed device (step S605), and then operates the operating device 29 to release the abnormal stop state (step S606). Further operation is performed to perform a water filling operation of the water path from which water has been discharged by the water draining operation (step S607).
- step S607 since draining is performed only in the water path having the malfunctioning device in step S604, the water filling operation time is shortened and maintenance is performed earlier compared to the case where water is drained from all blocks of the water circulation path. Complete.
- the fuel cell system shifts to a standby state for waiting for the next activation.
- the “abnormally stopped state” is a state in which the controller 30 does not permit the start of the fuel cell system 100 even when an activation request is generated
- the “standby state” is the controller when the activation request is generated.
- Reference numeral 30 denotes a state in which the startup process of the fuel cell system 100 is started.
- the “start-up request is generated” means that an operation start command is input by operating the operation unit 29, the time set as the start time of the fuel cell system 100 is reached, the power load When the power demand of the fuel cell system 100 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined power threshold required for the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100, etc.
- the controller 30 performs control so that the stopped state of the first water pump 16 is maintained.
- the first connecting path 21 and the first branch path 24 of the upward slope are composed of the second block of the water circulation path composed of the first connecting path 21, and blocks other than the first connecting path 21.
- Only the water in the block (first connection path 21) having the purifier 17 that needs to be replaced is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100. Accordingly, the water filling operation after replacing the purifier 17 is performed by using the water in the water tanks (the cooling water tank 12, the first recovered water tank 14A, and the second recovered water tank 14B) communicating with the first connection path 21.
- the water filling operation time is shortened and the maintenance is completed earlier.
- the maintenance worker manually closes the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 and manually The third drain valve 27 is opened and the degasser 37 is opened. Then, the maintenance worker selects / determines a draining mode (for example, draining mode 3) of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 via the operation unit 29. Then, the controller 30 performs control so as to maintain the stopped state of the third water pump 7.
- the first on-off valve 52 and the second on-off valve 53 are connected to the hot water storage tank 9 (more precisely, the hot water storage tank 9 and the portion of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 upstream of the first on-off valve 52, A block having a portion downstream of the second on-off valve 53 of the heat recovery water path 8 and the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 (more precisely, the first on-off valve 52 of the exhaust heat recovery water path 8).
- a second temperature detector that functions as a separation mechanism that separates water into each block and needs to be replaced. Only the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 having 35 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100.
- the water filling operation after the replacement of the second temperature detector 35 has a longer water filling operation time than when water in the water tank (hot water storage tank 9) communicating with the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is also discharged simultaneously. It is shortened and maintenance is completed earlier.
- the fuel cell system 100 not only selects the drain mode corresponding to the replacement of the equipment provided in the water circulation path and executes the drain operation, but also allows the user to perform the water circulation path. If the information in the weather forecast or the like is known in advance that there is a risk of the water in the water being frozen or if the fuel cell system 100 is not used for a long time due to the absence of long-term water, When there is a risk of water freezing, a water draining mode for discharging water in all blocks of the water circulation path out of the fuel cell system 100 in advance is provided.
- the user manually opens the first to fifth drain valves and the degasifiers 37 and 38 and operates the operation device 29 to select the all drainage mode. ,Determine. Thereby, draining of all the blocks of the water circulation path is executed. In this way, it is possible to avoid in advance freezing of water in the water path and water rot.
- Modification 1 In the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment, a maintenance worker operates the replacement device (filter 51, purifier 17, temperature detectors 33, 35, heater 36) provided in the water circulation path. The water draining mode corresponding to the device to be replaced by operating the vessel 29 is selected. However, in the fuel cell system 100 of the first modification, the controller 30 automatically performs the water draining operation according to the replaced device without selecting the water draining mode via the operation unit 29 by the maintenance worker. It is comprised so that it may be performed to. Specifically, a device that performs a water drain operation corresponding to a device in which a failure has been detected or a device that has come to be replaced is stored in a memory (not shown), and the device has failed or has been replaced.
- the water draining operation corresponding to the device to be replaced is executed in accordance with this program.
- exchanged since the specific content of the draining operation performed according to the apparatus replaced
- the fuel cell system 100 of the first modified example since the water draining has progressed to some extent until the arrival of the maintenance worker, the waiting time of the maintenance worker until the draining operation is completed is shortened. And maintenance is completed earlier.
- Modification 2 In the fuel cell system 100 of Embodiment 3 and Modification 1 described above, when the purifier 17 needs to be replaced, the fifth drain valve 23 is opened and only water in the water path having the purifier 17 is drained. In the fuel cell system of the second modification, the water in the cooling water tank 12 is also discharged out of the fuel cell system 100. In other words, the second modification is configured not only to open the fifth drain valve 23 but also to open the first drain valve 20.
- the 1st drain valve 20 is open
- emit only the water in the cooling water tank 12 (It is not shown) and a drain valve (not shown) may be provided, and the drain of the cooling water 12 tank may be removed by opening the drain valve.
- the purifier 17 when the purifier 17 is replaced, not only the first connection path 21 but also the water in the cooling water tank 12 is discarded because the first water pump 16 is operated after the purifier 17 is replaced.
- the first connection path 21 is detected by the water level detected by the water level detector 13. This is because it can be determined whether or not the water filling operation has been executed without any problem. That is, during the water filling operation of the first connection path 21, it is determined that the water filling of the first connection path 21 has been executed without any problem by the water level detector 13 detecting an increase in the water level from the water level at the completion of the water draining operation. be able to.
- Modification 3 The fuel cell system of Modification 3 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system of the third modification.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present modification generates hydrogen by a reforming reaction using a raw material and steam instead of the fuel gas supplier 3 of the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment.
- a branch path 48 connected to the tank 14A, a fourth water pump 45 provided in the reforming water path 50, and an inflow destination of water from the cooling water tank 12 are connected to the hydrogen generator 101 and the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the third on-off valve 46 is provided in the reforming water path 50 downstream from the branch point with the branch path 48
- the fourth on-off valve 47 is provided in the branch path 48.
- the first branch path 24 is characterized in that the first branch path 24 joins at a portion upstream of the second drain valve 26 of the second drain path 22.
- a three-way valve may be provided at the branch point from the reforming water passage 50 to the branch passage 48.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a series of flows including the water draining operation of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 determines that the life of the purifier 17 is approaching, it displays that the purifier 17 needs to be replaced on the display unit of the operating device 29 as in the third embodiment (step S701), and notifies the maintenance company. In addition, the fact that a failure has occurred is notified, and the fuel cell system 100 is abnormally stopped. Then, the maintenance worker manually opens the second drain valve 26 (step S702). When the maintenance worker operates the operation unit 29 to select and confirm the water draining mode (for example, the water draining mode 2) corresponding to the replacement of the purifier 17 (step S703), the controller 30 performs the third operation.
- the water draining mode for example, the water draining mode 2
- the on-off valve 46 and the fifth on-off valve 43 are closed, the fourth on-off valve 47 is opened, and the fourth water pump 45 is operated (step S704).
- the recovered water in the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A is drained out of the fuel cell system 100 via the second drainage path 22, and the cooling water in the cooling water tank 12 is changed to the reforming water path 50 and the branch path 48.
- the water is drained outside the fuel cell system 100 through the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A and the second drainage channel 22.
- the controller 30 closes the fourth on-off valve 47.
- step S705 the operation of the fourth water pump 45 is stopped, and the operation of draining the first recovered water tank 14A and the cooling water tank 12 is completed (step S705).
- the fifth drain valve 23 is opened by the controller 30, and water is drained from the water path (first connection path 21) having the purifier 17 (step S706).
- the fifth drain valve 23 is closed by the controller 30 (step S707), and the maintenance worker replaces the purifier 17 (step S708).
- step S709 the second drain valve 26 is manually closed (step S709) and the operating device 29 is operated to release the abnormal stop state (step S710).
- the operation device 29 is operated to execute a water filling operation (step S711). When the water filling operation is completed, it shifts to a standby state.
- the water in the cooling water tank 12 is discharged by the water level detector 13 that the water filling operation of the first connection path 21 is completed as in the fuel cell system of the second modification. This is to confirm by the water level.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3 and Modification 1-3 is configured to manually perform opening / closing control of the first to fifth drain valves and the degasifiers 37 and 38 by a maintenance worker.
- the fuel cell system 100 of Modification 4 is characterized in that any of the first to fifth drain valves and the degasifiers 37 and 38 can be opened and closed by the controller 30.
- the maintenance worker selects and confirms the water in the block of the water circulation path that needs to be drained in accordance with the draining mode that has been determined.
- appropriate drain valves and vents are opened so that only the fuel cell system 100 is discharged.
- the drain valve and the degasser that the controller 30 opens for the device that needs to be replaced are the same as those in the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment and the first to third modifications, and will be described. Omitted.
- the controller 30 opens all of the first to fifth drain valves and the degasifiers 37 and 38, thereby draining all the blocks of the total water circulation path, and water in the water circulation path. Freezing and water rot can be prevented.
- Embodiment 4 The fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention exemplifies a mode in which the water circulation path includes a first water circulation path and a second water circulation path, a hot water storage tank, and a water path.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and hot water storage.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes the first condenser 4 and the second condenser 5, and the fuel cell system 100 includes the fourth drainage path 42, the second water circulation path further includes the second recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> B and the communication path 49. It differs from the point which further comprises.
- the first on-off valve 52, the second on-off valve 53, the gas vent 37, the gas vent 38, the third drain valve 27, the third drain passage 41, the fourth drain valve 39, and the fourth drain passage 42 are: Since the configuration is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment has a third abnormality detector (for example, the second temperature detector 35 provided in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8) as in the second embodiment.
- a fourth abnormality detector for example, a temperature detector (not shown) provided in the hot water storage tank 9).
- the first condenser 4 exchanges heat with the water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 to condense the moisture contained in the off-oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas discharge path 31. Is configured to do.
- the second condenser 5 is configured to condense moisture contained in the off-fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas discharge path 32 by exchanging heat with the water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery water path 8. ing.
- the water condensed in the first condenser 4 (recovered water) is stored in the first recovered water tank 14A
- the water condensed in the second condenser 5 (recovered water) is stored in the second recovered water tank 14B. It is done.
- the second recovered water tank 14B is disposed above the first recovered water tank 14A, and the recovered water stored in the second recovered water tank 14B flows through the communication passage 49. Then, it is supplied to the first recovered water tank 14A.
- the second recovery water tank 14B is provided with a water level detector 15B for detecting the water level of the second recovery water tank 14B.
- the water level detector 15B may have any form as long as it can detect the water level in the second recovered water tank 14B and output the detected water level to the controller 30, for example, a float type water level detector. And a hydraulic water level detector.
- the communication passage 49 is provided with a fifth on-off valve 43 for flowing / blocking water in the communication passage 49.
- the fifth on-off valve 43 may be constituted by an automatic on-off valve whose opening / closing is controlled by the controller 30, or may be constituted by a manual on-off valve opened / closed by a user or a maintenance worker.
- the downstream end of the branch path 48 is connected to the upstream side (the second recovered water tank 14B side) of the communication path 49 relative to the fifth on-off valve 43.
- the draining operation of the second water circulation path is also processed in the same manner as in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the case where the water in the second recovery water tank 14B is drained and the second recovery The treatment differs depending on the case where the water in the water tank 14B is not drained.
- the controller 30 opens the fifth on-off valve 43 to allow the water in the second recovered water tank 14B to enter the communication passage 49. It is made to flow and is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 from the first branch path 24 via the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A and the first connection path 21.
- the controller 30 maintains the state where the fifth on-off valve 43 is closed.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart schematically showing the water draining process for all the blocks in the water circulation path of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes, as the water circulation path, the water circulation path including the first water circulation path and the second water circulation path, the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 and the hot water storage tank 9. A water circulation path. For this reason, when draining all the blocks of the water circulation path, all the blocks of the two water circulation paths are drained.
- the draining process for all the blocks in the water circulation path of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the user manually opens the first drain valve 20, the second drain valve 26, the third drain valve 27, and the fourth drain valve 39 (step S801), and all the blocks in the water circulation path. Is selected (step S802). Specifically, the input unit 29b of the operation device 29 is operated to select the all drainage mode shown in FIG. 2, and the confirm button is pressed. When the all water draining mode is selected, the controller 30 maintains the stopped state of the first water pump 16 and the second water pump 10, maintains the closed state of the third on-off valve 46, and the fourth on-off valve 47. And the 5th on-off valve 43 is open
- water in the first water circulation path is discharged from the first drainage path 18, and water in the second water circulation path is discharged from the first branch path 24.
- the water in the exhaust heat recovery water path 8 is discharged from the third drainage channel 41, and the water in the hot water storage tank 9 is discharged from the fourth drainage channel 42.
- the water in the branch channel 48 is also drained through the first recovered water tank 14 ⁇ / b> A and the first branch channel 24 by the operation of the fourth water pump 45. In this way, all blocks in the water circulation path are drained.
- step S802 the controller 30 executes a water drain abnormality detection sequence for all blocks in the water circulation path (step S804).
- a water drain abnormality detection sequence for all blocks in the water circulation path will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart schematically showing a water removal abnormality detection sequence for all blocks in the water circulation path in the water draining process of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S802 when the elapsed time since the all water draining mode is selected in step S802 becomes T4 or more (step S81), the controller 30 detects the water level detector 13, the water level detector 15A, and the water level detection. Whether or not water remains in the cooling water tank 12, the first recovered water tank 14A, and the second recovered water tank 14B is determined by the vessel 15B (step S82).
- T4 is a time longer than the time required for the water remaining in all the blocks of the water circulation path to be discharged out of the fuel cell system 100, and is obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
- a method for determining whether or not water remains in the cooling water tank 12 by the water level detector 13 and a method for determining whether or not water remains in the first recovered water tank 14A by the water level detector 15A are as follows. Since this is the same as the all-block draining process of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted. Further, as to whether or not water remains in the second recovered water tank 14B by the water level detector 13B, the second level is detected if a water level equal to or higher than the detection lower limit of the water level detector 13B is detected. If it is determined that water remains in the recovered water tank 14B and a water level equal to or higher than the detection lower limit of the water level detector 13B is not detected, it is determined that no water remains in the second recovered water tank 14B. .
- the controller 30 is the cooling water tank 12, the 1st recovery water tank 14A, or the 2nd recovery water tank by at least any one water level detector of the water level detector 13, the water level detector 15A, and the water level detector 15B. If it is determined that water remains in 14B (Yes in step S82), the display unit 29a of the controller 29 is notified of the abnormality (step S83), and this sequence is terminated. On the other hand, in the controller 30, the water remains in the cooling water tank 12, the first recovered water tank 14A, and the second recovered water tank 14B by any of the water level detector 13, the water level detector 15A, and the water level detector 15B. If it is determined that the error has not occurred, the display unit 29a is not notified of the abnormality (step S84), and this sequence is terminated.
- the controller 30 confirms that there is no abnormality in all the blocks of the water circulation path in the water draining abnormality detection sequence (step S805), and confirms that the water draining is completed, and then inputs the input unit 29b of the operation device 29.
- the controller 30 stops the fourth water pump 45 and closes the fourth on-off valve 47 and the fifth on-off valve 43.
- the fourth on-off valve 47 and the fifth on-off valve 43 do not have to be closed.
- the maintenance worker manually closes the first drain valve 20, the second drain valve 26, the third drain valve 27, and the fourth drain valve 39 (step S807).
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as those of the first embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムは、水循環経路が第1の水循環経路と第2の水循環経路を有する形態を例示するものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。図2及び図3は、図1に示す燃料電池システムの操作器の概略構成を示す模式図である。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の動作について説明する。なお、ここでは、燃料電池システム100の水抜き動作について説明し、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の発電運転動作については、一般的な燃料電池システム100の発電運転動作と同様に行われるため、その説明は省略する。
図4は、図1に示す燃料電池システム100の第1の水循環経路の水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
図6は、図1に示す燃料電池システム100の第2の水循環経路の水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
図8は、図1に示す燃料電池システム100の水循環経路の全ブロックの水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムは、水循環経路が貯湯タンクと水経路により構成される形態を例示するものである。
図10は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システム100の水抜き動作について説明する。
図11は、図10に示す燃料電池システム100の排熱回収水経路(水経路)8の水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
図12は、図10に示す燃料電池システム100の貯湯タンク9の水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態3の燃料電池システムについて、詳細に説明する。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施の形態の燃料電池システムの特徴である水循環経路に設けられた第1のメンテナンス部品及び/又は第2のメンテナンス部品の交換、又は制御器30が第1乃至第4の異常検知器の異常を検知した際の水抜き動作を含む一連の動作について説明する。図14は、図13に示す燃料電池システム100の水抜き動作を含む一連のフローを示すフローチャートである。
上記実施の形態3の燃料電池システム100では、水循環経路に設けられた交換機器(フィルター51、浄化器17、温度検知器33、35、加熱器36)の交換の際に、メンテナンス作業員が操作器29を操作して交換する機器に対応した水抜きモードを選択するよう構成されている。しかしながら、本変形例1の燃料電池システム100においては、メンテナンス作業員による操作器29を介した水抜きモードの選択なしに、制御器30が、交換される機器に応じた水抜き動作を自動的に実行するよう構成されていることを特徴とする。具体的には、故障が検知された機器、あるいは交換時期が来た機器に応じた水抜き動作が実行されるプログラムが図示されない記憶器内に記憶され、機器の故障や交換時期が来たことを検知すると、本プログラムに従い、交換される機器に応じた水抜き動作が実行される。なお、交換される機器に応じて実行される水抜き動作の具体的な内容については実施の形態3と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。以上により、本変形例1の燃料電池システム100によれば、メンテナンス作業員が到着するまでにある程度水抜きが進行しているため、水抜き動作が完了するまでのメンテナンス作業員の待機時間が短縮され、メンテナンの完了がより早期化される。
上記実施の形態3および変形例1の燃料電池システム100では、浄化器17の交換が必要である場合、第5排水弁23を開放し、浄化器17を有する水経路の水のみを排水したが、本変形例2の燃料電池システムでは、冷却水タンク12内の水も燃料電池システム100外に排出するよう構成されている。すなわち、本変形例2では、第5排水弁23を開放するだけでなく、第1排水弁20も開放するように構成されている。なお、冷却水タンク12の水を排出するために、本変形例2では、第1排水弁20を開放させるが、本例に限定されず冷却水タンク12内の水のみを排出可能な排水路(図示せず)及び排水弁(図示せず)を設け、この排水弁を開放することで冷却水12タンク内の水抜きを実行する形態を採用しても構わない。
本変形例3の燃料電池システムについて詳細に説明する。
図15は、本変形例3の燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。図15に示されるように、本変形例の燃料電池システム100は、実施の形態3の燃料電池システム100の燃料ガス供給器3に代えて原料と水蒸気を用いて改質反応により水素を生成する水素生成器101と、この水素生成器101に冷却水タンク12から上記水蒸気用の水(改質水)を供給する改質水経路50と、改質水経路50より分岐し、第1回収水タンク14Aと接続する分岐路48と、改質水経路50に設けられた第4水ポンプ45と、冷却水タンク12からの水の流入先を水素生成器101と第1回収水タンク14Aとの間で切替えるために設けられた第3開閉弁46及び第4開閉弁47と、第1回収水タンク14Aと第2回収水タンク14Bとの間の連通路49に設けられた第5開閉弁43とを備える。図15に示す通り、第3開閉弁46は、分岐路48との分岐点よりも下流の改質水経路50に設けられ、第4開閉弁47は分岐路48に設けられている。また、第1分岐路24は、第2排水路22の第2排水弁26よりも上流側部分において合流していることを特徴とする。なお、第3開閉弁46及び第4開閉弁47に代えて、改質水経路50から分岐路48への分岐点に三方弁を設ける形態としてもよい。
次に、本変形例3の燃料電池システムにおいて浄化器17の交換の際の水抜き動作を含む一連の動作について説明する。図16は、図15に示す燃料電池システム100の水抜き動作を含む一連のフローを示すフローチャートである。
(変形例4)
上記実施の形態3及び変形例1-3の燃料電池システム100では、メンテナンス作業員により手動で第1~5排水弁及びガス抜き器37、38の開閉制御を実施するよう構成されているが、本変形例4の燃料電池システム100は、第1~5排水弁及びガス抜き器37、38のいずれも、制御器30によって開閉可能に構成されていることを特徴とする。従って、機器が故障した場合もしくは浄化器17が交換時期を迎えた場合は、メンテナンス作業員が選択し、確定した水抜きモードに従って、制御器30が、水抜きが必要な水循環経路のブロックの水のみが燃料電池システム100外に排出されるよう第1~第5排水弁及びガス抜き器37、38のうち適切な排水弁、ガス抜き器を開放する。なお、交換が必要な機器に対していずれの排水弁、ガス抜き器を制御器30が開放させるかは実施の形態3及び変形例1~3の燃料電池システム100と同様であるのでその説明を省略する。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムは、水循環経路が、第1の水循環経路及び第2の水循環経路と、貯湯タンク及び水経路と、を備える形態を例示するものである。
図17は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システム100の水抜き動作について説明する。
図18は、図17に示す燃料電池システム100の水循環経路の全ブロックの水抜き処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
2 酸化剤ガス供給器
3 燃料ガス供給器
4 第1凝縮器
5 第2凝縮器
6 熱交換器
7 第3水ポンプ
8 排熱回収水経路
9 貯湯タンク
10 第2水ポンプ
11 冷却水経路
12 冷却水タンク
13 水位検知器
14A 第1回収水タンク
14B 第2回収水タンク
15A 水位検知器
15B 水位検知器
16 第1水ポンプ
17 浄化器
18 第1排水路
19 排気器
20 第1排水弁
21 第1接続路
21a 上流部
21b 中流部
21c 下流部
22 第2排水路
23 第5排水弁
24 第1分岐路
25 第2排水路
26 第2排水弁
27 第3排水弁
28 第2接続路
29 指示取得器
29a 表示部
29b 入力部
30 制御器
31 酸化剤ガス排出経路
32 燃料ガス排出経路
33 第1温度検知器
35 第2温度検知器
36 加熱器
37 ガス抜き器
38 ガス抜き器
39 第4排水弁
41 第3排水路
42 第4排水路
43 第5開閉弁
45 第4水ポンプ
46 第3開閉弁
47 第4開閉弁
48 分岐路
49 連通路
50 改質水経路
51 フィルター
52 第1開閉弁
53 第2開閉弁
70 筐体
100 燃料電池システム
101 水素生成器
Claims (20)
- 燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの運転に必要な水が循環する水循環経路と、
水抜き時に前記水循環経路を複数のブロックに分割し、かつ、前記水循環経路中の水を各ブロックに分けるように構成された分離機構と、
各ブロックに接続された排水路と、
前記排水路に設けられた排水弁と、を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 前記水循環経路は、前記燃料電池を冷却する冷却水が循環する第1の水循環経路と前記第1の水循環経路から排出された冷却水を浄化して前記第1の水循環経路に戻す第2の水循環経路を有し、
前記分離機構は、前記第1の水循環経路及び前記第2の水循環経路が接続され、前記冷却水が貯えられる第1水タンクで構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1の水循環経路に設けられた第1排水路と、
前記第1排水路に設けられた第1排水弁と、
前記第2の水循環経路に設けられた第2排水路と、
前記第2排水路に設けられた第2排水弁と、を備える、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1の水循環経路に設けられた、第1のメンテナンス部品及び前記第1の水循環経路の異常を検知する第1の異常検知器の少なくともいずれか一方と、
前記第2の水循環経路に設けられた、第2のメンテナンス部品及び前記第2の水循環経路の異常を検知する第2の異常検知器の少なくともいずれか一方と、を備える、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記水循環経路は、前記燃料電池システムの排熱を回収した水を貯える貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンクより取り出され、前記燃料電池システムの排熱を回収した後、前記貯湯タンクに戻る水が通流する水経路と、を有し、
前記分離機構は、前記燃料電池システムの排熱を回収する前の前記水経路に設けられた第1開閉弁と、前記燃料電池システムの排熱を回収した後の前記水経路に設けられた第2開閉弁と、を有する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記水経路に設けられた第3排水路と、
前記第3排水路に設けられた第3排水弁と、
前記貯湯タンクに設けられた第4排水路と、
前記第4排水路に設けられた第4排水弁と、を備える、請求項5記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記水経路に設けられた該水経路の異常を検知する第3の異常検知器と、前記貯湯タンクに設けられた第4の異常検知器とを備える、請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記水循環経路は、前記燃料電池の排ガスから回収した回収水を貯える第2水タンクと、前記回収水を浄化した浄化水を前記燃料電池を冷却する冷却水として貯える第1水タンクと、前記第1水タンクと前記第2水タンクを接続する第1接続路と、前記第1接続路より分岐された第1分岐路と、前記第1分岐路に設けられた第5排水弁と、を有し、
前記第1接続路には、浄化器が設けられ、
前記第1分岐路は、前記第5排水弁を開放することにより、前記浄化器及び前記第2水タンクを含むブロックの水が水抜きされるように構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第2水タンクは、前記浄化器よりも上方に配設され、
前記第2水タンク内の水位を検知する水位検知器と、
前記第5排水弁を開放して前記浄化器及び前記第2水タンクを含むブロックの水を水抜きさせ、前記水抜き完了後の水張り動作において、前記水位検知器で検知される水位の上昇により前記浄化器の水張りが完了したことを検知する制御器と、を備える、請求項8に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1水タンク内の水位を検知する水位検知器と、
前記第5排水弁を開放して前記浄化器及び前記第2水タンクを含むブロックの水を水抜きさせ、前記水抜き完了後の水張り動作において、前記水位検知器で検知される水位の上昇により前記浄化器の水張りが完了したことを検知する制御器と、を備える、請求項8に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1接続路に設けられ、前記第2水タンク内の回収水を前記第1水タンクに送出するための水ポンプを備え、
前記第1分岐路は、前記第1接続路の前記水ポンプを基準にして前記浄化器が設けられている側より分岐されている、請求項8に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1水タンクよりオーバーフローした水を前記第2水タンクに戻すための第2接続路を備え、
前記第2水タンクは大気開放されており、
前記第1水タンクは、前記第2接続路及び前記第2水タンクを通じて大気開放されている、請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 操作者の手動操作により前記水循環経路のうち水抜き処理を実行するブロックの設定指示を受け付ける指示取得器と、
前記指示取得器により水抜き処理が指示されたブロックに接続された排水路(以下、水抜き排水路)から排出できるよう、前記水抜き排水路に設けられた前記排水弁を開放する制御器と、を備える、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 操作者の手動操作により前記水循環経路のうち水抜き処理を実行するブロックの設定指示を受け付ける指示取得器と、
前記指示取得器により水抜き処理が指示されたブロックに応じた水抜き処理の異常検知を開始する制御器と、を備える、請求項1~4、8~12のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ブロックに設けられた水タンクと、
前記水タンクの水位を検知する水位検知器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記水位検知器により検知された水位に基づき、前記異常検知を実行する、請求項14に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 原料及び水を用いて水素含有ガスを生成する水素生成器と、
前記水素生成器に前記水を供給する水供給器と、
前記水供給器から前記水素生成器に供給される水が通流する水供給路と、
前記第2の水循環経路に設けられた第2水タンクと、
前記水供給路より分岐して、前記第2水タンクに供給される水が通流する第2分岐経路と、
前記水供給器より供給される前記水の流入先を前記水素生成器と前記第2水タンクとの間で切替える切替器と、
前記第2の水循環経路の水抜き処理又は前記水循環経路の全ての経路の水抜き処理において、前記水供給器を作動させるとともに、前記切替器を前記水供給器より供給される前記水の流入先を前記第2水タンク側に切替えるように構成された制御器と、を備える、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池と、燃料電池システムの運転に必要な水が循環する水循環経路と、水抜き時に前記水循環経路を複数のブロックに分割し、かつ、前記水循環経路中の水を各ブロックに分けるように構成された分離機構と、各ブロックに接続された排水路と、前記排水路に設けられた排水弁と、を備える燃料電池システムの水抜き方法であって、
メンテナンスが必要な部品が設けられた前記ブロックもしくは異常が検知された前記ブロックに接続された前記排水路の前記排水弁を開放して、前記ブロックのみの水抜きを実行する、燃料電池システムの水抜き方法。 - 前記水循環経路内が凍結のおそれがある場合及び前記燃料電池システムを休止状態にする場合の少なくともいずれか一方の場合において、
全ての前記排水弁を開放して、前記水循環経路の全てのブロックの水抜きを実行する、請求項17に記載の燃料電池システムの水抜き方法。 - 前記水循環経路は、前記燃料電池を冷却する冷却水が循環する第1の水循環経路と前記第1の水循環経路から排出された冷却水を浄化して前記第1の水循環経路に戻す第2の水循環経路とを有し、
前記分離機構は、前記第1の水循環経路及び前記第2の水循環経路が接続され、前記冷却水が貯えられる冷却水タンクで構成され、
前記排水路は、前記第1の水循環経路に設けられた第1排水路と前記第2の水循経路に設けられた第2排水路とを有し、
前記排水弁は、前記第1排水路に設けられた第1排水弁と前記第2排水路に設けられた第2排水弁とを有し、
前記第1の水循環経路に設けられた、第1のメンテナンス部品及び前記第1の水循環経路の異常を検知する第1の異常検知器の少なくともいずれか一方と、
前記第2の水循環経路に設けられた、第2のメンテナンス部品及び前記第2の水循環経路の異常を検知する第1の異常検知器の少なくともいずれか一方と、を前記燃料電池システムは、さらに備え、
前記第1のメンテナンス部品に対するメンテナンス時又は前記第1の水循環経路の異常検知時の少なくともいずれか一方において、前記第1の水循環経路のみ水抜きを実行し、
前記第2のメンテナンス部品に対するメンテナンス時又は前記第2の水循環経路の異常が検知されると、前記第2の水循環経路のみ水抜きを実行する、請求項17に記載の燃料電池システムの水抜き方法。 - 前記水循環経路は、前記燃料電池の排熱を回収した水を貯える貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンクより取り出され、前記燃料電池の排熱を回収した後、前記貯湯タンクに戻る水が通流する水経路と、を有し、
前記分離機構は、前記燃料電池の排熱を回収する前の前記水経路に設けられた第1開閉弁と、前記燃料電池の排熱を回収した後の前記水経路に設けられた第2開閉弁と、を有し、
前記排水路は、前記水経路に設けられた第3排水路と前記貯湯タンクに設けられた第4排水路とを有し、
前記排水弁は、前記第3排水路に設けられた第3排水弁と前記第4排水路に設けられた第4排水弁とを有し、
前記水経路に設けられた、該水経路の異常を検知する第3の異常検知器と、
前記貯湯タンクに設けられた、前記貯湯タンクの異常を検知する第4の異常検知器と、を前記燃料電池システムはさらに備え、
前記水経路の異常が検知されると、前記第1開閉弁及び前記第2開閉弁を閉止し、前記第3排水弁を開放し、前記水経路内の水抜きのみを実行し、
前記貯湯タンクの異常が検知されると、前記第1開閉弁及び前記第2開閉弁を閉止し、前記第4排水弁を開放し、前記貯湯タンク内の水抜きのみを実行する、請求項17に記載の燃料電池システムの水抜き方法。
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JP4913262B2 (ja) | 2012-04-11 |
CA2759411A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
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US20120040260A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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