WO2010113738A1 - Elパネル及びそれを用いた照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
Elパネル及びそれを用いた照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010113738A1 WO2010113738A1 PCT/JP2010/055164 JP2010055164W WO2010113738A1 WO 2010113738 A1 WO2010113738 A1 WO 2010113738A1 JP 2010055164 W JP2010055164 W JP 2010055164W WO 2010113738 A1 WO2010113738 A1 WO 2010113738A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- protective sheet
- light emitting
- translucent substrate
- prism
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
- F21S2/005—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction of modular construction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
- G02B27/0961—Lens arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/87—Arrangements for heating or cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/221—Static displays, e.g. displaying permanent logos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8794—Arrangements for heating and cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an EL panel (electroluminescence element) used for a lighting device, electrical decoration, a light source for signage, and the like, and a display device using the EL panel.
- EL panel electroluminescence element
- an EL element has a structure in which a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an interlayer layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are sandwiched between an anode and a cathode on a light-transmitting substrate.
- a DC voltage is applied to the anode and cathode having the structure described above, electrons and holes are injected into the light emitting layer and recombined to generate excitons, and light is emitted when the excitons are deactivated. Utilizes light emission.
- the EL element becomes dark where a heat transfer body such as a finger comes into contact with the microlens array 24, and a bright area and a dark area in the surface of the EL element. Brightness unevenness occurs between areas. In the area where the heat transfer body is in contact, the darkness lasts from several minutes to several tens of minutes. It was an obstacle.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by providing a protective sheet for suppressing heat conduction on the outermost surface of the EL element, an EL panel in which unevenness in luminance does not occur within the surface of the EL element, and An object is to provide an EL lighting device.
- the present invention takes the following measures.
- the invention of claim 1 A translucent substrate; An EL element provided on one surface of the translucent substrate and provided with a light emitting medium layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and a protective sheet on the other surface of the translucent substrate of the EL element.
- the surface of the protective sheet opposite to the translucent substrate has a surface shape including a rounded convex shape and a prism shape, and the shape is As going from the rounded convex bottom to the top, the cross-sectional area parallel to the bottom of the unit convex becomes smaller, and the center point of the cross section farthest from the bottom is the vertex, Let Tc be the height of the vertex, The distance between the vertices of each of the adjacent rounded convex portions is Bc, When the height of the prism shape is Tp, The EL panel is characterized by satisfying the above.
- the invention of claim 2 The EL panel according to claim 1, wherein the prism-shaped regions of the protective sheet are arranged periodically.
- the invention of claim 4 The EL panel according to claim 1, wherein the protective sheet has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the invention of claim 5 5.
- the EL according to claim 1, wherein the protective sheet is made of a copolymer made of any combination of methacrylic resin, styrene resin, ethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, and polyethylene terephthalate resin, or any combination thereof. It is a panel.
- the invention of claim 7 An illumination device using the EL panel according to claim 1.
- the invention of claim 8 A display device using the EL panel according to claim 1.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by providing a protective sheet having a rounded convex shape and a prism shape on the outermost surface of the EL panel, the EL element is suppressed by suppressing heat conduction.
- a protective sheet having a rounded convex shape and a prism shape on the outermost surface of the EL panel, the EL element is suppressed by suppressing heat conduction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL panel 100 according to the present embodiment.
- a light emitting medium layer 2 sandwiched between an anode 3 and a cathode 4 is formed between a transparent substrate 1A and a substrate 1B.
- This is an EL panel 100.
- the EL element 9 is an element having a function of emitting light, and light is emitted from the light emitting medium layer 2 by applying a voltage to the anode 3 and the cathode 4.
- the emitted light passes through the anode 3 (b1), further passes through the transparent substrate 1A (b2), passes through the adhesive / adhesive layer 6 (b3), and then enters the incident surface M of the protective sheet 7.
- the light incident from the incident surface M of the protective sheet 7 passes through the protective sheet 7, and is the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 (b4), in the rounded convex region 5c and the prism-shaped region 5p.
- the light is condensed and diffused and emitted (b5).
- a part of the light becomes light (h6) reflected by the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7.
- the rounded convex region 5c and the prism-shaped region 5p on the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 contribute to the reduction of the reflected light (h6).
- the luminescent medium layer 2 In addition, in the luminescent medium layer 2, about 25% of the input electric energy becomes light and the remaining 75% becomes heat, so a lot of heat is generated.
- the heat generated in the luminescent medium layer 2 propagates through the anode 3 (h1), propagates through the translucent substrate 1A (h2), propagates through the adhesive / adhesive layer 6 (h3), and the incident surface M of the protective sheet 7 Propagate to.
- the heat propagated from the incident surface M of the protective sheet 7 propagates to the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 (h4).
- the heat propagated to the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 becomes heat (h5) propagated to the outside of the EL panel 100.
- the heat transfer body Ht such as a finger touches the outermost surface F20
- the heat (h4) propagated through the inside of the protective sheet 7 is transferred from the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 to the above-described heat transfer body surface F10.
- Heat is transferred to the inside of the heat transfer body Ht (h54).
- the light emission efficiency is lowered due to the heat of the light emitting medium layer 2 being deprived and the temperature of the light emitting medium layer 2 being lowered. Therefore, the light (b1) emitted from the light emitting medium layer 2 ) Decreases, and as a result, the light (b5) emitted from the EL panel 100 decreases.
- the light emission efficiency of the light emitting medium layer 2 is not lowered, and thus the same light (b5) as that when the heat transfer body Ht is not touched is emitted. Therefore, when the heat transfer body Ht such as a finger touches the EL panel 100, luminance unevenness occurs in the surface of the EL panel 100.
- the amount of heat that is transferred from the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 to the heat transfer body surface F10 depends on the shape of the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7.
- the region F22 in contact with the heat transfer body surface F10 in the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 is widened. Easy to communicate.
- the region F22 where the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 and the heat transfer body surface F10 are in contact with each other is widened so that heat is transmitted. Cheap.
- the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 has a rounded convex region 5c and a prism-shaped region 5p as shown in FIG. 6, the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 and the heat transfer surface F10 are in contact with each other.
- the region F22 is narrowed. For this reason, heat is less likely to be transmitted than the prism-shaped region 5p and the rounded convex region 5c alone, and accordingly, unevenness in luminance within the surface of the EL panel 100 is less likely to occur.
- the interval Bc for arranging the rounded convex region 5c is Tc when the height of the rounded convex region is Tc, and the height Tp of the prism-shaped region is Tp. It is preferably 2 (Tc-Tp) or more and 10 (Tc-Tp) or less. If the spacing Bc between the rounded convex regions 5c is smaller than 2 (Tc ⁇ Tp) as shown in FIG. 6, the surface F22 in contact with the heat transfer body surface F10 becomes wide, and heat is easily transferred. Uneven brightness is likely to occur. On the other hand, if the interval Bc between the rounded convex regions 5c is larger than 10 (Tc ⁇ Tp) as shown in FIG. 7, the region Rt where the heat transfer body surface F10 is in contact with the prism-shaped region 5p is obtained. The heat is easily transmitted and uneven brightness is likely to occur.
- the shape of the outermost surface F20 of the protective sheet 7 is obtained by three-dimensional shape measurement using a laser microscope.
- FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional shape of the protective sheet 7 obtained by measurement.
- a boundary B0 between the rounded convex region 5c and the prism-shaped region 5p is obtained from the obtained three-dimensional shape.
- the surface close to the bottom of the prism-shaped region 5p is the bottom surface F0 of the outermost surface F20, the inside of the boundary B0 is the bottom surface F1 of the rounded convex region 5c, and the outside of the boundary B0 is the bottom surface of the prism-shaped region 5p. Let it be F2.
- Step 1 the vertex Ct of the rounded convex region 5c is set as a point Ct farthest from the bottom surface F1, and the height Tc of the single rounded convex region 5c is obtained from the distance from the bottom surface F1. Further, the height Tp of the prism-shaped region 5p is obtained from the distance from the bottom surface F2 of the prism-shaped region 5p. Further, the distance Bc between the vertices Ct of the adjacent rounded convex region 5c is obtained and calculated to satisfy (Equation 1). (Step 2) In steps 1 and 2 described above, it is determined whether or not the outermost surface F20 has a region that satisfies the condition.
- the prism-shaped region 5p has a round top Pt as shown in FIG. 9A, an asymmetrical shape as shown in FIG. 9B, or FIG. ).
- a multi-step curved surface as shown in FIG. 10A can be used.
- the contact area can be further reduced by making the upper curved surface portion smaller than the lower curved portion.
- the concave portion does not contact the heat transfer body, so that the contact area can also be reduced in this case.
- the area of the upper curved part is reduced by the straight part of the trapezoidal shape at the lower part of the straight line, thereby similarly reducing the contact area to the heat transfer body. Can be small.
- the contact area can be reduced because it contacts only the higher convex portion.
- the height Tc is the average value of the adjacent rounded convex regions 5c. Can do.
- the arrangement of the rounded convex regions 5c is preferably as follows.
- the arrangement of the rounded convex regions 5c may be, for example, periodic as shown in FIG. 11 (a) or random as shown in FIG. 11 (n). It is preferable that the arrangement of the rounded convex regions 5c is random because moire does not occur.
- the logo as shown in FIG. 12A or FIG. 12B is obtained due to the density of the arrangement of the convex regions 5c rounded in order to add design. ), A pattern as shown in FIG. 12C, and the like.
- the rounded convex region 5c does not need to be a single region, and may have different shapes as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) to (d).
- the arrangement of the prism-shaped regions 5p is preferably as follows. A shape extending in one direction as shown in FIG. 14A or a shape extending in two directions as shown in FIG. By periodically arranging the prism-shaped regions 5p, the prism-shaped regions 5p without gaps can be disposed.
- the protective sheet 7 50 micrometers or more and 500 micrometers or less are preferable. If it is thinner than 50 ⁇ m, the heat of the light emitting medium layer 2 is easily transferred to the heat transfer body Ht, and uneven brightness tends to occur. If it is thicker than 500 ⁇ m, the heat dissipation is not sufficient, and a sufficient current cannot flow through the light emitting medium layer 2. Therefore, the brightness required for illumination cannot be obtained.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- acrylonitrile styrene copolymer acrylonitrile polystyrene copolymer
- Polymers acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, melamine resins, thiourethane resins, episulfide resins, and the like can be used.
- the traditional heat rates (W / (m ⁇ K)) of these resins are 0.3 to 0.4 for melamine resin, about 0.2 for polycarbonate resin, and 0.2 for acrylonitrile styrene copolymer.
- 0.29 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer is 0.2 to 0.29
- polyethylene resin is 0.25 to 0.34
- methacrylate resin is about 0.21
- styrene resin is 0.08 to 0 .12, which is smaller than 0.55 to 0.75 of soda glass and is preferable because it is difficult to conduct heat.
- the material include (a-) PET, polycarbonate, (poly) urethane resin, epoxy resin, (poly) ethylene resin, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile (poly) styrene resin, ABS resin, and the like.
- a protective sheet can be obtained by irradiating and curing ultraviolet rays from 500 mJ / m 2 to 3000 mJ / m 2.
- an acrylic resin a monofunctional acrylic resin and a polyfunctional acrylic resin can be mixed in a timely manner to achieve both the surface enhancement performance of the surface and the light extraction effect.
- Such a protective sheet 7 can be produced by embossing a resin film.
- the shaping rate at this time may be 70% or more, and when it is preferably 85% or more, it is often at a level that hardly causes a difference in optical characteristics.
- the embossing pressure condition at this time is usually a linear pressure of 5 to 500 kg / cm, preferably 5 to 300 kg / cm, more preferably 10 to 150 kg / cm.
- the linear pressure is smaller than 5 kg / cm, the shaping rate is less than 70%, and the uneven shape cannot be shaped sufficiently. If it is greater than 10 kg / cm, a shaping rate of 85% or more is obtained, which is more preferable.
- a linear pressure of 500 kg / cm the load on the machine is too large to be practical.
- it is 300 kg / cm or less even if a film width exceeds 1 m, the load to a machine is not too large.
- the shaping rate is 99% to 100%, and the shaping rate cannot be increased any further.
- the EL element is used in various environments, and for example, it is considered to be used outdoors such as being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet rays. In such a case, deterioration damage occurs by irradiating the inside of the EL element with ultraviolet rays. Therefore, by mixing an ultraviolet absorber in the protective sheet 7 or in the adhesive / adhesive or diffusion plate, irradiation of ultraviolet rays from the outside to the inside of the EL element is suppressed, and this deterioration damage can be alleviated. It becomes possible.
- the substrate 1B is made of a plate-shaped material such as glass, metal, or resin.
- the cathode 3 is formed on the surface of the substrate 1B on the light emitting medium layer 2 side.
- the cathode 3 is a layer having electrical conductivity, and applies a voltage to the light emitting layer 2. What constitutes the cathode 3 is one obtained by vapor-depositing aluminum on a substrate 1A made of aluminum or the like.
- the material having electrical conductivity is not limited to the above-described aluminum, and various metals such as gold, silver, and copper, and conductive carbon can also be used.
- the transparent substrate 1 ⁇ / b> A has a function of transmitting light emitted from the light emitting layer 2.
- various glass materials can be used as an inorganic material.
- plastic materials such as PMMA, polycarbonate, and polystyrene can be used.
- a cycloolefin-based polymer particularly preferred is a cycloolefin-based polymer, and this polymer material is suitable because it has excellent processability of the resin and properties such as heat resistance, water resistance and optical translucency.
- the translucent substrate 1A is preferably formed of a material having a total light transmittance of 50% or more.
- the anode 4 is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1B on the light emitting medium layer 2 side.
- the anode 4 is a layer having electrical conductivity, and applies a voltage to the light emitting layer 2.
- a material obtained by depositing a transparent conductor such as ITO or ZnO is used.
- the adhesive / adhesive layer 6 is formed on the emission surface G side of the transparent substrate 1A, and fixes the protective sheet 7 and the transparent substrate 1B.
- the adhesive / adhesive constituting the adhesive / adhesive layer 6 include acrylic, urethane, rubber, and silicone adhesives.
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ is 1.0E + 04 (Pa) or more at 100 ° C.
- transparent fine particles such as beads may be mixed in the adhesive / adhesive layer 6.
- double-sided tape may be used as the adhesive.
- the luminescent medium layer 2 preferably has a structure including a hole transport layer 2h and a luminescent layer 21. Further, if necessary, the light emitting medium layer 2 may be provided with an electron injection layer (not shown), an electron block layer (not shown), and a layer (not shown) functioning as an electron transport layer in the light emitting medium layer. good. What is laminated between the anode 3 and the light emitting layer 21 is a hole injection layer (not shown), an electron block layer (not shown), and a hole transport layer 2h, and between the light emitting layer 21 and the cathode 4. What is formed is a hole blocking layer (not shown), an electron injection layer (not shown), and an electron transport layer (not shown).
- a plurality of these layers may be laminated, or one layer may have two or more functions.
- the electron injection layer, the electron block layer, and the electron transport layer can be appropriately selected in accordance with the material, but by selecting an inorganic material, it is excellent in thermal stability and resistance. In addition, a more stable EL element 9 can be obtained.
- Examples of the hole transport material constituting the hole transport layer 2h include polyaniline derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) derivatives, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). However, it is not limited to these. These materials can be dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and can be applied all at once using a spin coating method, a protruding coating method, or a dip coating method. Further, by using the relief printing method, it is possible to obtain a uniform line pattern with no pixel defects at a pixel pitch.
- PVK polyvinylcarbazole
- PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- the inorganic material is chromium (Cr), Tungsten (W), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), oxides such as cadmium (Cd), nitriding And oxynitride can be formed by vacuum deposition. At this time, it is possible to obtain a batch formation or a line pattern by using an arbitrary shadow mask. By providing the hole transport layer made of an inorganic material, a more stable EL element 9 having excellent thermal stability and resistance can be obtained.
- an interlayer (not shown) having hole injection and electron blocking functions can be formed between the anode 3 and the light emitting layer as a hole transport layer after formation.
- the material used for the interlayer include polymers containing aromatic amines such as polyvinyl carbazole or derivatives thereof, polyarylene derivatives having aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain, arylamine derivatives, and triphenyldiamine derivatives.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- the interlayer material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and formed by various coating methods using a spin coater or the like, printing methods such as letterpress printing, gravure printing, and screen printing.
- the inorganic material may be chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti). , Zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) Further, oxides such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), nitrides, and oxynitrides can be formed using a vacuum deposition method. At this time, it is possible to obtain a batch formation or a line pattern by using an arbitrary shadow mask. By providing an interlayer made of an inorganic material, a more stable EL element 9 having excellent thermal stability and durability can be obtained.
- the light emitting layer 21 may be a white light emitting layer or a monochromatic light emitting layer such as blue, red, yellow, or green.
- the structure of the anode 3 / the light emitting medium layer 2 / the cathode 4 is, for example, ITO / CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) / ⁇ -NPD doped with 1% rubrene / It may be configured such that diactylanthracene is doped with 1% perylene / Alq 3 / lithium fluoride / Al as the cathode 4.
- the light emitting layer 21 is formed after the formation of the interlayer.
- the light emitting layer 21 is a layer that emits light when an electric current is applied.
- the organic light emitting material that forms the light emitting layer 21 include coumarin, perylene, pyran, anthrone, porphyrene, quinacridone, N, N′— Dialkyl-substituted quinacridone-based, naphthalimide-based, N, N'-diaryl-substituted pyrrolopyrrole-based, iridium complex-based luminescent dyes dispersed in polymers such as polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylcarbazole, Examples include arylene-based, polyarylene vinylene-based, and polyfluorene-based polymer materials, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- organic light emitting materials are dissolved or stably dispersed in a solvent to form an organic light emitting ink.
- the solvent for dissolving or dispersing the organic light emitting material include toluene, xylene, acetone, anisole, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, or a mixed solvent thereof.
- aromatic organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and anisole are preferable from the viewpoint of the solubility of the organic light emitting material.
- surfactant, antioxidant, a viscosity modifier, a ultraviolet absorber, etc. may be added to organic luminescent ink as needed.
- 9,10-diarylanthracene derivatives pyrene, coronene, perylene, rubrene, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutadiene, tris (8-quinolato) aluminum complex, tris (4-methyl) -8-quinolate) aluminum complex, bis (8-quinolate) zinc complex, tris (4-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-8-quinolate) aluminum complex, tris (4-methyl-5-cyano-8-quinolate) Aluminum complex, bis (2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-8-quinolinolato) [4- (4-cyanophenyl) phenolate] aluminum complex, bis (2-methyl-5-cyano-8-quinolinolato) [4- ( 4-cyanophenyl) phenolate] aluminum complex, tris (8-quino) Norato) scandium complex, bis [8- (para-tosyl) aminoquinoline] zinc complex and cadmium complex, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclopen
- the formation method of the light emitting medium layer 2 existing methods such as a vacuum coating method, a dry coating method such as a CVD method, and a wet coating method such as an ink jet printing method, a relief printing method, a gravure printing method, and a screen printing method are used depending on the material.
- a vacuum coating method a dry coating method such as a CVD method
- a wet coating method such as an ink jet printing method, a relief printing method, a gravure printing method, and a screen printing method are used depending on the material.
- the film forming method can be used.
- Example 1 Cylinder gold coated with UV curable resin mainly composed of urethane acrylate that forms the pattern of the protective sheet 7 on an optically biaxially stretchable PET film (film thickness 125 ⁇ m) and cut into the shape of the protective sheet 7
- the ultraviolet curable resin was cured by exposing the ultraviolet ray from the PET film side while conveying the film coated with the ultraviolet curable resin using a mold. After curing, by releasing the mold from the PET film, a protective sheet 7 having a rounded convex region 5c having a diameter of 140 ⁇ m and a prism-shaped region 5p could be produced.
- Example 2 A polycarbonate resin, which is a thermoplastic resin, is heated to about 300 ° C. and formed into a film having a thickness of 0.3 mm while being stretched along a roll, and then a concave rounded convex region 5c is etched into the cylinder.
- a cylinder mold in which the prism-shaped region 5p was cut with a cutting tool was used, and the heated film was cooled while being pressurized (cylinder mold temperature was 120 ° C.) to form a convex region 5c.
- a film was obtained. Thereby, the protective sheet 7 which has the unit convex part 5 whose diameter is 50 micrometers was able to be produced.
- Table 1 Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 of FIG. 16 show the height Tc of the rounded convex shape, the interval Bc of the rounded convex shape, and the height of the prism shape in the protective sheet of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result when Tp is changed. As shown in FIG. 16, under the condition satisfying (Equation 1), there is no shadow of the finger prints, and hence no luminance unevenness occurs. On the other hand, under the condition that does not satisfy (Equation 1), there is a shadow of a finger print, and thus uneven brightness occurs.
- the present invention can be used for EL panels (electroluminescence elements) used for lighting devices, electrical decorations, light sources for signs, and the like, and display devices using EL panels.
- EL panels electroluminescence elements
- SYMBOLS 1A Translucent substrate, 1B ... Substrate, 2 ... Light emitting medium layer, 2l ... Light emitting layer, 2c ... Hole transport layer, 3 ... Anode, 4 ... Cathode, 5 ... Structure layer, 5c ... Rounded convex shape 5 ... Prism-shaped region, 6 ... viscous / adhesive layer, 7 ... protective sheet, 10 ... translucent substrate, 150 ... emission surface, 151 ... incident surface, b1 ...
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Abstract
Description
上述の構造の陽極と陰極に直流電圧を印加し、発光層に電子および正孔を注入して再結合させることにより、励起子を生成し、この励起子の失活する際の光の放出を利用して発光に至る。
この場合の光取り出し効率は、一般的には20%程度と言われている。そのため、高輝度の表示や照明が必要となればなるほど投入電力を大きくする必要があるという問題がある。また、この場合、素子に大電流が流れることから、素子の負荷が増大し、輝度低下や低寿命化を招来し、素子自体の信頼性が低下する。
このような光取り出し効率を向上させるものとして、例えば、図17に示すように、特許文献1に提案の透光性基板20の一方の面に、複数のマイクロレンズエレメントを平面的に配置したマイクロレンズアレイ24を用いることができる。
本発明はこのような事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、EL素子の最表面に熱の伝導を抑制する保護シートを設けることにより、EL素子の面内で輝度のムラが生じないELパネル及びEL照明装置を提供することを目的とする。
透光性基板と、
前記透光性基板の一方の面に設けられ、陽極と陰極に挟まれた発光媒体層とを備えたEL素子と、前記EL素子の前記透光性基板の他方の面に保護シートとを備えたELパネルであって、
前記保護シートは、前記透光性基板とは反対側の面は、丸みをおびた凸形状とプリズム形状を含んだ表面形状を有し、前記形状は、
前記丸みをおびた凸形状の底面から頂部にいくに従い、前記単位凸部の前記底面と平行な断面積が小さくなり底面から最も離れた断面の中心点を頂点とし、
前記頂点の高さをTcとし、
隣接する前記丸みをおびた凸部の各々の前記頂点間の距離をBcとし、
前記プリズム形状の高さをTpとした場合に、
前記保護シートのプリズム形状の領域が周期的な配置であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のELパネルである。
請求項3の発明は、
前記保護シートの丸みをおびた凸形状の領域がランダムな配置であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2に記載のELパネルである。
請求項4の発明は、
前記保護シートの厚みが50μm以上、500μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3に記載のELパネルである。
請求項5の発明は、
前記保護シートの熱伝導率が0.08W/(m・K)以上、0.5W/(m・K)以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4に記載のELパネルである。
請求項6の発明は、
前記保護シートがメタクリル樹脂、スチレン樹脂、エチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂の何れかまたは、何れの組み合わせからなる共重合体からなることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5に記載のELパネルである。
請求項7の発明は、
請求項1から請求項6に記載のELパネルを用いたことを特徴とする照明装置である。
請求項8の発明は、
請求項1から請求項6に記載のELパネルを用いたことを特徴とする表示装置である。
図1は本実施の形態のELパネル100の構成を示す図である。
図1に示すように、本願発明のELパネル100は、透光基板1Aと基板1Bとの間に陽極3及び陰極4に挟まれた発光媒体層2が形成されている。次にEL素子9の発光面側、すなわち、透明基板1Bの陽極3が積層された面の反対側の射出面Gに粘・接着層6を介して保護シート7を設けた構成が本発明のELパネル100である。
尚、保護シート7の最表面F20に、丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5c及びプリズム形状の領域5pは、上述の反射する光(h6)の低減に寄与する。
発光媒体層2で発生した熱は、陽極3を伝播し(h1)、透光性基板1Aを伝播し(h2)、粘・接着層6を伝播し(h3)、保護シート7の入射面Mに伝播する。次に保護シート7の入射面Mから伝播した熱は、保護シート7の最表面F20に伝播する(h4)。さらに、保護シート7の最表面F20に伝播した熱は、ELパネル100の外部へ伝播する熱(h5)となる。
図3のよう保護シート7の最表面F20が丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cのみ有する場合、保護シート7の最表面F20のうち伝熱体表面F10に接する領域F22が広くなるため、熱が伝わりやすい。
また図4のような保護シート7の最表面F20にプリズム形状の領域5pのみ有する場合も、保護シート7の最表面F20と伝熱体表面F10とが接する領域F22が広くなるため、熱が伝わりやすい。
一方、図6のように保護シート7の最表面F20に丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cとプリズム形状の領域5pを有する場合、保護シート7の最表面F20と伝熱体表面F10とが接する領域F22が狭くなる。そのため、プリズム形状の領域5p、丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5c単体よりも熱が伝わりにくく、したがってELパネル100の面内での輝度のムラが生じにくい。
上述の丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの配置する間隔Bcが図6のように2(Tc-Tp)より狭いと、伝熱体表面F10に接する表面F22が広くなり、熱が伝わりやすく、輝度ムラが生じやすい。
一方、上述の丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの配置する間隔Bcが図7のように10(Tc-Tp)より広いと、伝熱体表面F10がプリズム形状の領域5pに接する領域Rtが生じ、熱が伝わりやすく、輝度ムラが生じやすい。
プリズム形状の領域5pの底部に近接する面を最表面F20の底面F0とし、境界B0の内部を丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの底面F1、境界B0の外部をプリズム形状の領域5pの底面F2とする。(ステップ1)
次に、丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの頂点Ctを底面F1よりもっとも離れた点Ctとし、底面F1との距離から、単丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの高さTcを求める。さらに、プリズム形状の領域5pの底面F2との距離からプリズム形状の領域5pの高さTpを求める。
また、隣接する丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cの頂点Ct間の距離Bcを求め、(式1)を満たすか計算する。(ステップ2)
上述のステップ1から2により、上述の最表面F20が条件を満たす領域を有するか否かを判断する。
図14(a)のように一方向に延在した形状や、図14(b)のように二方向に延在した形状とすることができる。これらプリズム形状の領域5pを周期的に配置することによって隙間のないプリズム形状の領域5pを配置することができる。
50μmより薄いと発光媒体層2の熱が伝熱体Htに伝わりやすく、輝度ムラが生じやすい。500μmより厚いと、放熱が十分でなく、十分な電流を発光媒体層2に流せない。そのため、照明として必要な輝度が得られない。
これらの樹脂の熱伝統率( W/(m・K) )は、メラミン樹脂は、0.3~0.4、ポリカーボネート樹脂は、0.2程度、アクリルニトリルスチレン共重合体は、0.2~0.29、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体が、0.2から0.29、ポリエチレン樹脂が0.25~0.34、メタクリレート樹脂が0.21程度、スチレン樹脂が0.08~0.12、であり、ソーダーガラスの0.55~0.75より小さくより熱を伝えにくいため好ましい。
また基材層10を有していても良く、このような基材層10としては、脆性の低い樹脂を用いることが望ましい。材料としては、(a―)PETまたは、ポリカーボネート、(ポリ)ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、(ポリ)エチレン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリロニトリル(ポリ)スチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂等が挙げられる。
このようなアクリル樹脂としては、単官能のアクリル樹脂と多官能のアクリル樹脂を適時混合することによって、表面の表面強化性能と光取り出しの効果を両立することができる。
10kg/cmより大きい場合には、85%以上の賦形率が得られるため、より好ましい。500kg/cmの線圧では、機械への負荷が大きすぎ実用的でない。また、300kg/cm以下であれば、フィルム幅が1mを超えても、機械への負荷が大きすぎない。150kg/cm あれば、賦形率は99%~100%得られそれ以上賦形率を上げることができない。
陰極3は電気伝導性を有する層であり、発光層2に電圧を印加するものである。
陰極3を構成するものはアルミニウム等からなる基板1Aにアルミニウムを蒸着したものを用いる。また、電気伝導性を有する材料としては、上述のアルミニウムに限らず、金、銀、銅などの各種金属や、導電性を有するカーボンなども用いることができる。
透光基板1Aの材料としては、無機材料として、種々のガラス材料を用いることができる。有機材料としては、PMMA、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン等のプラスチック材料を用いることもできる。ここで、特に好ましいのは、シクロオレフィン系のポリマーであり、このポリマー材料は、樹脂の加工性及び、耐熱性、耐水性、光学透光性等の特性が優れており好適である。
また、透光性基板1Aは、発光層2からの光をできるだけ透過させるため、全光線透過率を50%以上とする材料で形成することが好ましい。
陽極4は電気伝導性を有する層であり、発光層2に電圧を印加するものである。
陽極4を構成するものは、ITOや、ZnO等の透明導電体を蒸着したものを用いる。
ここで、粘・接着層6を構成する粘・接着剤としては、例えば、アクリル系、ウレタン系、ゴム系、シリコーン系の粘・接着剤が挙げられる。いずれの場合も高温のバックライト内で使用されるため、100℃で貯蔵弾性率G’が1.0E+04(Pa)以上であることが望ましい。また均一な光を射出するために粘・接着層6の中に透明の微粒子、例えば、ビーズ等を混ぜても良い。さらに、粘接着剤としては、両面テープでも良い。
タングステン(W)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)、モリブデン(Mo)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、スカンジウム(Sc)、イットリウム(Y)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、ルテニウム(Ru)、オスミウム(Os)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、カドミウム(Cd)などの酸化物、窒化物、酸窒化物を真空蒸着法を用いて形成することができる。この際、任意のシャドーマスクを用いることで一括形成若しくはラインパターンを得ることができる。無機物からなる正孔輸送層を設けることで、熱安定性や耐性に優れたより安定したEL素子9を得ることが出来る。
ここで、発光媒体層2を白色発光層とする場合には、陽極3/発光媒体層2/陰極4の構成を、例えば、ITO/CuPc(銅フタロシアニン)/α-NPDにルブレン1%ドープ/ジナクチルアントラセンにペリレン1%ドープ/Alq3/フッ化リチウム/陰極4としてAl、という構成とすればよい。
発光層2lは、インターレイヤ形成後、発光層2lを形成する。発光層2lは電流を流すことにより発光する層であり、発光層2lを形成する有機発光材料は、例えばクマリン系、ペリレン系、ピラン系、アンスロン系、ポルフィレン系、キナクリドン系、N,N’-ジアルキル置換キナクリドン系、ナフタルイミド系、N,N’-ジアリール置換ピロロピロール系、イリジウム錯体系などの発光性色素をポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリビニルカルバゾール等の高分子中に分散させたものや、ポリアリーレン系、ポリアリーレンビニレン系やポリフルオレン系の高分子材料が挙げられるが本発明ではこれらに限定されるわけではない。
次に保護シート7の作製方法の実施例について説明する。
(実施例1)
光学用2軸延伸易接着PETフィルム(膜厚125μm)上に、保護シート7のパターンを形成させるウレタンアクリレートを主成分とする紫外線硬化型樹脂を塗布し、保護シート7の形状に切削したシリンダー金型を使用して紫外線硬化型樹脂が塗布されたフィルムを搬送しながら紫外線をPETフィルム側から露光することにより、紫外線硬化型樹脂が硬化した。硬化後、PETフィルムから金型を離型することにより、直径が140μmの丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cとプリズム形状の領域5pを有する保護シート7を作製できた。
熱可塑性樹脂であるポリカーボネート樹脂を約300℃に加熱し、ロールに沿わせ延伸しながら厚さ0.3mmのフィルムを成形した後に、凹型の丸みをおびた凸形状の領域5cがシリンダーにエッチングにより加工され、プリズム形状の領域5pがバイトにより切削されたシリンダー金型を使用し、加熱されたフィルムを加圧しながら冷却(シリンダー金型温度は120℃)し、凸形状の領域5cが成形されたフィルムを得た。
これにより直径が50μmの単位凸部5を有する保護シート7を作製できた。
図16の表1、表2、表3、表4は、本発明の保護シートにおいて、丸みをおびた凸形状の高さTc、丸みをおびた凸形状の領域間隔Bc、プリズム形状の高さTpを変えたときの評価結果を示す図である。
図16のように、(式1)を満たす条件において、指跡の影が無く、したがって輝度のムラが生じてない。一方(式1)を満たさない条件において、指跡の影があり、したがって輝度のムラが生じている。
Ht…伝熱体、F10…伝熱体の表面、F20…保護シート7の最表面、F22…伝熱体の表面と保護シート7の最表面とが接する領域、Ct…丸みをおびた凸形状の領域の頂点、Pt…プリズム形状の領域の頂点、F0…最表面の底面、F1…丸みをおびた凸形状の領域の底面、F2…プリズム形状の領域の底面、20…透光性基板、24…マイクロレンズエレメント。
Claims (8)
- 前記プリズム部は、周期的に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のELパネル。
- 前記凸部がランダムに配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2に記載のELパネル
- 前記保護シートの厚みが50μm以上、500μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3に記載のELパネル
- 前記保護シートの熱伝導率が0.08W/(m・K)以上、0.5W/(m・K)以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4に記載のELパネル
- 前記保護シートがメタクリル樹脂、スチレン樹脂、エチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂の何れかまたは、何れの組み合わせからなる共重合体からなることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5に記載のELパネル。
- 請求項1から請求項6に記載のELパネルを用いたことを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項1から請求項6に記載のELパネルを用いたことを特徴とする表示装置。
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- 2010-03-25 CN CN201080015100.1A patent/CN102379155B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-25 US US13/262,100 patent/US9112185B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-25 WO PCT/JP2010/055164 patent/WO2010113738A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-25 EP EP10758511.9A patent/EP2416622B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-03-30 TW TW099109594A patent/TWI501689B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120104946A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
EP2416622B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
TW201044898A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US9112185B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
EP2416622A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2416622A4 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
JP4873099B2 (ja) | 2012-02-08 |
KR101747978B1 (ko) | 2017-06-15 |
US20150312973A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
CN102379155B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
CN102379155A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
KR20120023605A (ko) | 2012-03-13 |
TWI501689B (zh) | 2015-09-21 |
US9763288B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
JPWO2010113738A1 (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
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