WO2010100915A1 - 測距装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
測距装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010100915A1 WO2010100915A1 PCT/JP2010/001454 JP2010001454W WO2010100915A1 WO 2010100915 A1 WO2010100915 A1 WO 2010100915A1 JP 2010001454 W JP2010001454 W JP 2010001454W WO 2010100915 A1 WO2010100915 A1 WO 2010100915A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/32—Means for focusing
- G03B13/34—Power focusing
- G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/02—Details
- G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
- G01C3/08—Use of electric radiation detectors
- G01C3/085—Use of electric radiation detectors with electronic parallax measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/18—Focusing aids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/18—Focusing aids
- G03B13/20—Rangefinders coupled with focusing arrangements, e.g. adjustment of rangefinder automatically focusing camera
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distance measuring device that measures a distance to an object by parallax generated between a plurality of optical systems.
- Such a distance measuring device is provided with a pair of lenses arranged in a horizontal direction (left and right) or a vertical (up and down) direction, and an image pickup device having a pair of image pickup areas provided corresponding to the respective lenses. ing. An image of the subject is formed in each of the imaging regions by the pair of lenses, and the distance to the subject is detected by triangulation from the parallax of the image including the image of the subject obtained by the imaging element.
- FIG. 21 shows the principle of triangulation performed in the distance measuring device.
- FIG. 21 shows a first optical system having an imaging lens La and a second optical system having an imaging lens Lb. Each optical system is arranged such that the optical axis Aa of the first optical system and the optical axis Ab of the second optical system are parallel to each other with a predetermined distance B.
- a line segment connecting the point where the optical axis Ab of the second optical system intersects with the imaging surface Nb and the point where the optical axis Aa of the first optical system intersects with the imaging surface Na is called a base line.
- the base line is a line segment that does not change depending on the position of the object and serves as a reference for triangulation.
- the baseline length which is the length of this baseline, is equal to the interval B.
- the base line length is B.
- the image of the distance measuring object U is formed on the imaging surface Na by the imaging lens La and on the imaging surface Nb by the imaging lens Lb.
- a point P on the distance measuring object U is a measurement point.
- the point P is imaged at a point that intersects the optical axis Aa of the first optical system on the imaging surface Na.
- the point P is imaged at a position that is separated by a distance ⁇ from the point where the imaging surface Nb and the optical axis Ab of the second optical system intersect. This is called parallax, and its length is called parallax amount ⁇ .
- the focal lengths of the imaging lenses La and Lb of the first and second optical systems are f, the following approximate expression holds.
- the image formed on the imaging surfaces Na and Nb is subjected to processing such as correction and division to make it easy to perform arithmetic processing.
- the parallax amount ⁇ is obtained by pattern matching between the image formed on the imaging surface Na and the image formed on the imaging surface Nb.
- the distance Z can be obtained by substituting the calculated parallax amount ⁇ , the base line length B, and the focal length f into the equation (1).
- the larger the baseline length B and the focal length f, the larger the parallax amount ⁇ , and the ranging accuracy increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a distance measuring device using a positive meniscus single lens having a convex surface on the object surface in order to increase the focal length without increasing the total lens length.
- the distance measuring device includes a plurality of optical systems for imaging, unlike a camera used for general imaging. For this reason, as the imaging performances of the optical systems constituting the distance measuring device are equal to each other, the distance measuring accuracy increases.
- the lens has an eccentricity of about several ⁇ m between the lens surfaces due to the limit of the precision of the mold and manufacturing variations. Eccentricity between lens surfaces means a state in which the central axes passing through the surface vertices of two lens surfaces of the lens do not coincide with each other and are shifted from each other. Eccentricity also occurs between lens surfaces respectively provided on two main surfaces of one lens, and also occurs between any two lens surfaces in an optical system including two or more lenses. If there is an eccentricity between the lens surfaces, the rotational symmetry of the imaging performance will be lost, and the detected parallax amount will change for each imaging position during parallax detection by pattern matching, and ranging accuracy will be significantly degraded. There are challenges.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lens configuration for ranging, but does not disclose any degradation in ranging accuracy due to a difference in imaging characteristics between lens surfaces caused by manufacturing errors.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a distance measuring device with little deterioration in distance measuring accuracy even when there is an eccentricity between lens surfaces. There is.
- a distance measuring apparatus is an imaging unit having a plurality of optical systems that capture an image of an object and a plurality of imaging regions corresponding to the plurality of optical systems in a one-to-one relationship. And an imaging unit that converts the image of the object formed in each imaging region into an electrical signal, and the distance to the object based on the parallax of the image of the object formed by the plurality of optical systems, respectively.
- Each of the plurality of optical systems includes n (n is an integer of 2 or more) lens surfaces, and at least one of the plurality of optical systems includes the object.
- the decentering directions of the i-th lens surface from the side and the j-th lens surface i and j are different and are each an integer of 1 to n) coincide with each other.
- each of the at least one pair of optical systems is injection-molded and includes at least one lens having a gate mark, and the at least one lens includes the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface.
- the orientations of the gate marks with respect to the center of the at least one lens coincide with each other.
- each of the at least one pair of optical systems includes one lens, and the one lens has the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface.
- each of the at least one pair of optical systems includes a first lens and a second lens, and the first lens and the second lens respectively include the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface.
- each of the plurality of optical systems includes a lens barrel
- the distance measuring device includes a sub lens barrel that supports one lens barrel of the pair of optical systems;
- a holding member that holds the other lens barrel and the sub lens barrel of the pair of optical systems in a predetermined spatial arrangement with respect to the imaging unit, and the first of the pair of optical systems.
- the other lens barrel, the holding member, and the one lens barrel and the sub lens barrel of the pair of optical systems are provided with screw structures that fit into each other.
- the lens barrel is rotatably supported by the holding member.
- one of the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface has the most radius of curvature excluding a lens surface that is a flat surface among the n lens surfaces of each optical system. It is a small lens surface.
- the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface are a lens surface having the smallest curvature radius excluding a lens surface that is a flat surface among the n lens surfaces of each optical system, and Next is a lens surface with a small radius of curvature.
- a method of manufacturing a distance measuring apparatus including a plurality of optical systems includes a step of preparing a plurality of lenses manufactured by injection molding using the same mold, and at least a pair of the plurality of optical systems. And disposing each of the plurality of lenses in a lens barrel for a plurality of optical systems such that the directions of eccentricity between the pair of lens surfaces of the lens coincide with each other.
- the lens barrels of the at least one pair of optical systems are arranged such that the orientation of the gate traces of the lens coincides with the optical axis of the lens. .
- a method of manufacturing a distance measuring device is a method of manufacturing a distance measuring device including a plurality of optical systems and an imaging unit having a plurality of imaging regions corresponding to the plurality of optical systems in a one-to-one relationship.
- step (C) a step (D) of adjusting the other position of the pair of optical systems so that an object forms an image on another one of the plurality of imaging regions, and the pair of optical systems, Between any two lens surfaces of at least two types of lenses Comprising a step (E) to match the direction of Jill eccentricity.
- the orientation of the gate traces of the lens barrel coincides with each other with respect to the optical axis of the optical system. At least one lens barrel is rotated with respect to the optical axis of the optical system.
- the same type of lens is manufactured by injection molding using the same mold, and in the step (B), the pair of lenses
- the two types of lenses are arranged so that the orientations of the gate marks of the two types of lenses coincide with each other in the pair of optical systems with respect to the gate marks of the lens barrel of the optical system.
- the present invention even when eccentricity is generated between two lens surfaces, by making the eccentric direction coincide with the direction of eccentricity in at least two of the plurality of optical systems, It is possible to perform distance measurement with high accuracy by suppressing degradation of distance measurement accuracy.
- FIG. 1 It is a conceptual diagram which shows the simulation model for demonstrating the influence which eccentricity of a lens has on imaging.
- FIG. 1 it is a figure which shows the movement of the imaging pattern when eccentricity arises in a lens.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows typically 1st Embodiment of the distance measuring device of this invention.
- (A) to (c) respectively show spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in the optical system of the distance measuring device of FIG.
- A) to (c) is a diagram for explaining the direction of eccentricity generated between lens surfaces in the two optical systems of the first embodiment.
- (A) is a figure which shows the state which released the injection-molded single lens used for the ranging apparatus of FIG.
- (b) is a figure which shows the single lens of the state isolate
- (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy of 1st Embodiment
- (c) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy when there is no eccentricity of a lens. is there.
- (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy of a comparative example. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the other example of the lens surface contained in the optical system of the distance measuring device of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 2nd Embodiment of the distance measuring device by this invention.
- (A) to (c) respectively show spherical aberration, astigmatism and distortion in the optical system of the distance measuring device of FIG.
- (A) And (b) is a figure explaining the direction of eccentricity which arises between lens surfaces in two optical systems of 2nd Embodiment.
- (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy of 2nd Embodiment
- (c) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy when there is no eccentricity of a lens. is there.
- (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the simulation result of the ranging accuracy of a comparative example. It is a figure explaining the eccentricity of the lens surface which can apply this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the triangulation in a distance measuring device.
- the plurality of optical systems includes n lens surfaces, and the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface are not offset due to mold errors or manufacturing errors.
- n is an integer of 2 or more
- i and j are different integers of n or less.
- the lens surface refers to the surface or interface of an optical element having a function of changing the light collection state by refraction or diffraction.
- circular patterns O, X1, X2, Y1, and Y2 are drawn.
- the circular pattern O is arranged at the origin of the plane chart H, the circular patterns X1, X2 are arranged on the X axis, and the circular patterns Y1, Y2 are arranged on the Y axis, respectively.
- imaging patterns o, x1, x2, y1, and y2 corresponding to the circular patterns O, X1, X2, Y1, and Y2 on the plane chart H are formed.
- the imaging pattern o is formed on the optical axis in the effective image circle C.
- the imaging patterns x1 and x2 are formed at positions separated in the + x direction from the origin by distances of 40% and 80% of the maximum image height (that is, the radius of the effective image circle C), respectively.
- the imaging patterns y1 and y2 are formed at positions separated from the origin in the + y direction by a distance corresponding to 40% and 80% of the maximum image height.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the change in position of the imaging pattern when any one lens surface of the lens constituting the optical system L is decentered when the image of the plane chart H is formed as shown in FIG. It is a figure for doing.
- the direction of the imaging pattern position change with respect to the decentering direction of the lens surface may be opposite to the case where it is the same direction depending on the optical system. A case where the directions are the same will be described.
- the imaging patterns o, x1, x2, y1, and y2 move in the ⁇ x direction, and o ′, x1 ′, x2 ′, y1 ′, y2 ′ are formed.
- the imaging patterns o, x1, x2, y1, and y2 move in the + x direction, and o ′′, x1 ′′, x2 ′′, and y1 respectively.
- '', Y2 '' is formed.
- ⁇ o, ⁇ x1, ⁇ x2, ⁇ y1, and ⁇ y2 are imaging patterns o ′ and x1 with respect to the positions of the imaging patterns o ′′, x1 ′′, x2 ′′, y1 ′′, and y2 ′′. It is the movement amount of the relative pattern position of ', x2', y1 ', y2'. Generally, when the lens surface on the image plane side of the lens L is decentered, the amount of movement differs depending on the imaging position.
- the effect that the amount of movement varies depending on the image capturing position appears as distortion of the captured image.
- a distance measuring device provided with a plurality of optical systems, in addition to the problem that the image captured for each optical system is distorted, between the plurality of optical systems, if the direction of eccentricity and the amount of eccentricity are different, The problem is that the way the captured image is distorted also differs among a plurality of optical systems. For this reason, the eccentricity in the distance measuring apparatus causes a problem in that the distance measuring accuracy is caused and the degree of decrease in the distance measuring accuracy varies depending on the imaging position.
- Image distortion due to decentration is small, but for example, a small distance measuring device with a short base length and focal length reduces the detected parallax. Effect.
- a large distance measuring device having a relatively long base line length or focal length has a large effect on distance measurement accuracy because the parallax is reduced when an object located far away is measured.
- the distance measuring device of the present invention includes a plurality of optical systems, and each of the plurality of optical systems includes n lens surfaces.
- n is an integer of 2 or more.
- the decentering directions of the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface from the object side coincide with each other.
- i and j are different integers of 1 to n.
- the eccentricity of the lens itself cannot be changed, the image of the object formed in each optical system is distorted by the eccentricity of the lens.
- the images formed by the pair of optical systems are distorted to the same extent in the same direction.
- the influence of eccentricity is offset.
- deterioration of ranging accuracy due to eccentricity can be suppressed, and conditions for reducing parallax, such as when measuring with a small distance measuring device or when measuring distance with a relatively large distance measuring device.
- a particularly advantageous effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the distance measuring device M of the present embodiment.
- the distance measuring device M includes two optical systems including single lenses La and Lb, an imaging unit N, and an arithmetic processing circuit C.
- the single lenses La and Lb have substantially the same shape. Specifically, each of the single lenses La and Lb has a lens surface r1 located on the object side and a lens surface r2 located on the imaging unit N side, and the shape of the lens surface r1 of the single lens La is It is almost the same as the shape of the lens surface r1 of the single lens Lb.
- the shape of the lens surface r2 of the single lens La is substantially equal to the shape of the lens surface r2 of the single lens Lb.
- the distance between the optical axes of the two optical systems is B, which is the base line length of the distance measuring device M.
- the imaging unit N includes imaging areas Na and Nb corresponding to the optical system configured by the single lenses La and Lb in a one-to-one relationship, and is formed in the imaging areas Na and Nb by the single lenses La and Lb. Convert the object image into an electrical signal.
- the imaging areas Na and Nb are shown as separate elements, but the imaging areas Na and Nb are set so as to correspond to each lens in a one-to-one relationship by dividing the area of one imaging element. May be.
- the arithmetic processing circuit C receives an electrical signal from the imaging unit N, and calculates the distance to the object (not shown) from the parallax of the image of the object by the two optical systems.
- the method for calculating the distance from the parallax to the object is as described with reference to FIG.
- the distance measuring device M includes diaphragms Sa and Sb provided on the lens surface r1 side of the single lenses La and Lb, respectively, and a filter Fa provided between the single lenses La and Lb and the imaging regions Na and Nb. , Fb.
- Table 1 shows design data of each optical system in the distance measuring device M shown in FIG.
- Ri is the paraxial radius of curvature (mm) of each surface
- di is the surface center distance (mm) of each surface
- nd is the refractive index of the d-line of the lens or filter
- ⁇ d is the d-line of the lens or filter. Indicates the Abbe number.
- the filter 1 surface and the filter 2 surface are surfaces of the filter Fa (or Fb) on the single lens La (Lb) side and the imaging region Na (Nb) side, respectively.
- the eccentric directions of the single lenses La and Lb are made to coincide with each other in order to suppress the deterioration of the distance measuring accuracy due to the eccentricity generated between the lens surfaces.
- the lens surface r1 has a central axis Aa that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r1 and is orthogonal to the imaging region Na
- the lens surface r2 has a surface vertex of the lens surface r2.
- And has a central axis Ba orthogonal to the imaging region Na.
- the lens surface r1 has a central axis Ab that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r1 and is orthogonal to the imaging region Nb, and the lens surface r2 passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r2, and the imaging region Nb. And a central axis Bb perpendicular to the axis.
- FIG. 5A shows the eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r2 in the single lens La and the eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r2 in the single lens Lb.
- the eccentricity between the two lens surfaces is the deviation between the central axes of both lens surfaces described above.
- the direction of eccentricity is represented by a vector connecting the central axes passing through the surface vertex of the other lens surface when the central axis passing through the surface vertex of one lens surface is used as a reference.
- the direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r2 is indicated by a vector from Aa to Ba.
- the direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r2 is indicated by a vector from Ab to Bb.
- the optical system has n lens surfaces, and the decentering directions of the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface from the object side coincide with each other among the plurality of optical systems. ing.
- n is an integer of 2 or more, i and j are different, and each is an integer of n or less.
- the direction of the vector from the central axis Aa to the central axis Ba in the single lens La and the direction of the vector from the central axis Ab to the central axis Bb in the single lens Lb are the same. I'm doing it.
- “match” includes not only the case where the angle between the two vectors is 0 degrees, but also the case where the angle between the two vectors is 15 degrees or less.
- the central axes Ba and Bb are eccentric by ⁇ 5 ⁇ m in the X direction with respect to the central axes Aa and Ab, respectively. However, the directions of eccentricity coincide.
- the eccentric amounts of the single lenses La and Lb can be made equal.
- the gate mark generated at the time of injection molding is used as a reference, and the orientation of the gate mark from the lens center is matched in the single lenses La and Lb.
- the core direction matches.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a single lens made of resin is released from a mold that can be molded at a time. Six lenses from lenses L1 to L6 are molded at a time.
- L1 to L6 are single lenses, and J is a runner.
- FIG. 6B shows the single lens L1 in a state separated from the runner, where K is an edge surface that is an ineffective area of the lens, and G1 is a gate mark.
- a D-cut shape is provided in the gate mark G1 in advance as shown in FIG. There may be. In this case, even if the gate mark G1 is completely cut away, the flat portion of the D-cut shape can be regarded as the gate mark.
- FIG. 7 is a value obtained by measuring ten eccentricity amounts between the center of the lens surface on the object side and the center of the lens surface on the imaging region side of a single lens manufactured from the same mold, with the gate direction aligned. The results of plotting are shown. As can be seen from FIG. 7, by using the same mold, the decentering direction and decentering amount of the produced lens are substantially the same. Therefore, when assembling the distance measuring device, a lens formed by using the same cavity of the same mold is arranged so that the orientations of the gate traces coincide with each other, whereby a lens on the object side of a plurality of single lenses is arranged. It is possible to relatively align the eccentric direction and the eccentric amount between the center of the surface and the center of the lens surface on the imaging region side.
- the central axis of the lens surface r1 on the object side of the single lenses La and Lb coincides with the center of the outer periphery of the lens La.
- the single lens La using the same cavity of the same mold And Lb it is possible to relatively align the eccentric direction and the eccentric amount between the center of the lens surface on the object side of the plurality of single lenses and the center of the lens surface on the imaging region side. As shown in FIG.
- the lens surfaces r1 The direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r2 and the lens surface r2 is indicated by a vector from Aa to Ba.
- the direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r2 is indicated by a vector from Ab to Bb. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 5C, when these two vectors do not match, the single lens Lb can be rotated as indicated by the arrow, and the orientation of the gate trace can be matched in the lenses La and Lb. In this case, the eccentric directions coincide as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a simulation result obtained by measuring how much the captured image moves when the eccentricity is given between the two lens surfaces as compared with the case where there is no eccentricity.
- the optical system is set as the design data shown in Table 1, and the imaging position when the central axis of the lens surface on the imaging region side is shifted by ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, 0 ⁇ m, and +5 ⁇ m in the X direction is analyzed by tracking the light rays. It is.
- each illuminance distribution diagram 16 ⁇ 16 pixels are arranged in a matrix, and pixels with relatively higher illuminance are shown with higher brightness. However, for the convenience of display, the high brightness is indicated by the ratio of the white area in each pixel.
- each of the regions arranged in a lattice pattern is one pixel, and the pixel pitch is 6 ⁇ m.
- the highest illuminance portion (the portion shown in white) of the imaging pattern o ′′ is up and down at the center of the illuminance distribution diagram.
- the portion with the highest illuminance in the imaging pattern o is four pixels arranged in 2 rows and 2 columns at the center of the illuminance distribution diagram.
- the center of the image pattern o ′′ having the highest illuminance is shifted to the ⁇ x direction side as compared with the center of the image pattern o having the highest illuminance.
- the center of the portion with the highest illuminance in the imaging pattern o ′ is shifted to the + x direction side as compared with the center of the portion with the highest illuminance in the imaging pattern o.
- the position in the x direction of the center of the portion with the highest illuminance is shifted. From this result, it is understood that the position of the imaging pattern is shifted due to the influence of eccentricity.
- the shift amount between each of the imaging patterns o, o ′, and o ′′ is different from the shift amount between each of the imaging patterns x1, x1 ′, and x1 ′′. From this result, it can be seen that when the eccentricity occurs, the amount by which the imaging pattern moves varies depending on the position.
- the movement amounts ⁇ o, ⁇ x1, ⁇ x2, ⁇ y1, and ⁇ y2 of the imaging pattern are also derived by pattern matching.
- the correlation degree of pattern matching is obtained by an evaluation function SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference) which is a sum of absolute values of luminance differences between pixels between the reference-side small region and the reference-side small region.
- SAD Scalable Absolute Difference
- i and j are the coordinates of the operation block
- I0 and I1 are the luminance value on the standard side and the luminance value on the reference side in the coordinates shown in parentheses, respectively.
- the SAD calculation the calculation is performed while shifting the position of the reference-side search block area with respect to the reference-side calculation block area, and the shift amount when the SAD becomes the minimum value becomes the movement amount.
- the shift direction of the search block is the + X direction in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the SAD calculation.
- SAD is an operation in units of pixels, but can be obtained in units of subpixels by interpolation processing.
- Table 2 shows the result of deriving the movement amounts ⁇ o, ⁇ x1, ⁇ x2, ⁇ y1, and ⁇ y2 of the imaging pattern using the SAD in the single lenses La and Lb of the present embodiment. As described above, when the lens surface on the imaging region side is decentered, it can be seen that the amount of movement of the imaging pattern varies depending on the imaging position.
- FIG. 10 shows a plane chart T for distance measurement accuracy confirmation used for analysis.
- FIG. 10 shows a plane chart T for distance measurement accuracy confirmation used for analysis.
- circular patterns Q of 37 ⁇ 29 are arranged.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the plane chart T and the distance measuring device M.
- this flat chart T is set at a distance of 2 m from the distance measuring device M, an image obtained by the image pickup device Na on the single lens La side and an image obtained by the image pickup device Nb on the single lens Lb side are respectively simulated. Reproduce.
- a standard image serving as a reference for parallax search is acquired on the single lens La side, and a reference image serving as a reference for parallax search is acquired on the single lens Lb side.
- the distance measuring device M is arranged so that the center of the plane chart T and the center axis of the single lens La side coincide with each other as shown in FIG. They are arranged so that the directions match.
- the baseline length B is set to 6 mm.
- the image size to be reproduced is that the size of the reference image on the single lens La side is 592 ⁇ 464 pixels, and the parallax calculation is performed in block units of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels. Therefore, the number of operation blocks is the same as the horizontal pattern 37 ⁇ vertical pattern 29 as the circular pattern Q.
- the size of the chart T is determined so that each circular pattern fits in each calculation block.
- the evaluation function SAD shown in Equation (3) is used for the parallax of each block, but the pitch on the image of the circular pattern is almost 16 pixels, so the maximum parallax search is performed to prevent erroneous detection of parallax by SAD calculation.
- the range is set to 14 pixels. For this reason, the size of the reference image on the single lens Lb side is set to 606 ⁇ 464 pixels.
- This calibration parameter is a parameter for performing camera parallelization correction, distortion aberration correction, and lens shading correction.
- FIG. 12A is a map of distance measurement accuracy when the lens surface r2 on the imaging surface side is shifted by ⁇ 5 ⁇ m in the X direction as in FIG. 1, and the eccentric direction of the single lens La. And the eccentric direction of the single lens Lb completely coincide with each other (angle difference is 0 degree).
- FIG. 12B is a distance measurement accuracy map when the angular difference between the eccentric direction of the single lens La and the eccentric direction of the single lens Lb is 15 degrees.
- FIG. 12C is a distance measurement accuracy map in a state where the single lens La, Lb has no eccentricity of the lens surface r2 on the imaging region side.
- FIG. 13A shows a case where the central axis of the lens surface r2 on the imaging region side of the single lens Lb is decentered by +5 ⁇ m in the X direction opposite to the single lens La, that is, the single lens La and the single lens. It is a map of the ranging accuracy in the state where the eccentric direction with the lens Lb differs by 180 degrees.
- FIG. 13B shows a case where the central axis of the lens surface r2 on the imaging region side of the single lens Lb is decentered by +5 ⁇ m (X direction is 0 ⁇ m), that is, the single lens La and the single lens Lb. It is a map of the ranging accuracy in the state where the eccentric directions of are different by 90 degrees.
- the decentering direction is made to coincide with at least two of the plurality of optical systems. In such a case, it is possible to perform distance measurement with high accuracy by suppressing deterioration of distance measurement accuracy.
- the i-th and j-th lens surfaces are two main surfaces of an optical lens that is composed of a spherical surface, an aspherical surface, or a flat surface and changes the focusing state of light by refraction.
- the lens surface may have a function of changing the light focusing state by diffraction, or may be the surface of the optical adjustment layer provided on the surface of the lens surface that changes the light focusing state. Good.
- the i-th and j-th lens surfaces may be a diffractive surface provided with a diffraction grating and the surface of an optical adjustment layer provided so as to cover the diffractive surface.
- the i-th and j-th lens surfaces may be a diffractive surface provided with a diffraction grating and the surface of an optical adjustment layer provided so as to cover the diffractive surface.
- an optical adjustment layer is provided to maintain high diffraction efficiency in a wide wavelength range.
- the refractive index at the wavelength ⁇ of the base material G and the optical adjustment layer H is set to n1 ( ⁇ ) and n2 ( ⁇ ), respectively, so that the diffraction grating provided on the diffractive surface D has a blaze step d.
- ⁇ be the wavelength.
- the combination of the refractive indexes of the base material G and the optical adjustment layer H is set so that d in the following formula (4) is substantially constant with respect to an arbitrary wavelength ⁇ within the wavelength region of the light to be used. Thereby, the diffraction efficiency of the optical element is maintained at a value close to 100% in a predetermined wavelength band.
- the optical element shown in FIG. 14 even when the center axis of the optical adjustment layer H is decentered with respect to the center axis of the diffractive surface D, the image is distorted as described in the present embodiment. For this reason, even in a distance measuring device including a plurality of optical systems having such optical elements, the effects of eccentricity can be offset by matching the eccentric directions of the pair of optical systems. *
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the distance measuring device M ′ of the present embodiment.
- the distance measuring device M ′ includes two optical systems, an imaging unit N, and an arithmetic processing circuit C.
- the distance measuring device M ′ is different from the first embodiment in that the optical system is constituted by two lenses. Specifically, each optical system is provided with a first lens group L1a and L1b each having a lens surface r1 on the object side and a lens surface r2 on the imaging region side, and one optical system is provided on each object side.
- the second lens group L2a and L2b have a lens surface r3 and an imaging region side lens surface r4.
- Apertures Sa and Sb are provided on the lens surface r3 side of the second group lenses L2a and L2b, and filters Fa and Fb are provided between the second group lenses L2a and L2b and the imaging areas Na and Nb.
- Yes. B indicates the base length of the distance measuring device.
- the first group lens L1a, the diaphragm Sa, and the second group lens L2a are inserted into the lens barrel H1a and fixed by an adhesive T1.
- the first group lens L1b, the stop Sb, and the second group lens L2b are inserted into the lens barrel H1b and fixed by an adhesive T1.
- the lens barrel H1b is fixed to the sub lens barrel H2b with an adhesive T2.
- the lens barrel H1a and the sub lens barrel H2b are fixed to the holding member K by adhesives T2 and T3, respectively, and the holding member K and the imaging unit N are fixed to the mounting substrate W.
- the outer peripheral portion of the lens barrel H1a and the holding member K, and the outer peripheral portion of the lens barrel H1b and the inner peripheral portion of the sub-lens barrel H2b are provided with screw structures that are fitted to each other, and rotate the barrel. By doing so, it is possible to adjust the focus of each optical system.
- the plurality of first group lenses L1a and L1b have substantially the same shape. Specifically, the shape of the lens surface r1 on the object side in the first group lens L1a is approximately the same as the shape of the lens surface r1 on the object side in the first group lens L1b. The shape of the lens surface r2 on the imaging unit N side in the first group lens L1a is substantially the same as the shape of the lens surface r2 on the imaging unit N side in the first group lens Lb. Similarly, the plurality of second group lenses L2a and L2b have substantially the same shape.
- the shape of the lens surface r3 on the distance measuring object side of the second group lens L2a is substantially the same as the shape of the lens surface r3 on the distance measuring object side of the second group lens L2b.
- the shape of the lens surface r4 on the imaging unit N side in the second group lens L2a is substantially the same as the shape of the lens surface r4 on the imaging unit N side in the second group lens L2b.
- the imaging unit N includes imaging areas Na and Nb corresponding to the two optical systems on a one-to-one basis, and converts images of objects formed in the imaging areas Na and Nb by the optical system into electric signals.
- the imaging areas Na and Nb are shown as separate elements. However, the imaging areas Na and Nb are set so as to correspond to each lens on a one-to-one basis by dividing the area of one imaging element. Also good.
- the arithmetic processing circuit C receives an electrical signal from the imaging unit N, and calculates the distance to the object (not shown) from the parallax of the image of the object by the two optical systems.
- the method for calculating the distance from the parallax to the object is as described with reference to FIG.
- Table 3 shows optical system design data in the distance measuring apparatus shown in FIG. Each symbol in Table 3 is the same as in Table 1.
- FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C show the spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion of each optical system, respectively. From these figures, it can be seen that each aberration is well corrected.
- the lens surfaces in the two optical systems are aligned in the same direction in order to suppress the deterioration of the distance measuring accuracy.
- the eccentricity of the lens surface on the object side and the lens surface on the imaging region side in one lens is considered.
- the first lens unit L1a has an optical axis Aa that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r1 and the surface vertex of the lens surface r2, and is orthogonal to the imaging region Na.
- the optical axis Aa also passes through the center of the stop Sa.
- the second group lens L2a has an optical axis Ca that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r3 and the surface vertex of the lens surface r4 and is orthogonal to the imaging region Na.
- the first lens unit L1b has an optical axis Ab that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r1 and the surface vertex of the lens surface r2, and is orthogonal to the imaging region Nb.
- the optical axis Ab also passes through the center of the stop Sb.
- the second group lens L2b has an optical axis Cb that passes through the surface vertex of the lens surface r3 and the surface vertex of the lens surface r4 and is orthogonal to the imaging region Nb.
- the optical axis Aa of the first group lens L1a and the optical axis Ca of the second group lens L2a do not coincide with each other, and eccentricity occurs between these lens surfaces. This is due to a deviation between the center of the insertion portion of the second lens group L2a in the lens barrel H1a and the center of the insertion portion of the first lens group L1a due to a mold error or the like in the lens barrel H1a. Because. For the same reason, the optical axis Ab of the first group lens L1b and the optical axis Cb of the second group lens L2b do not coincide with each other, and decentering occurs between these lens surfaces.
- both lens surfaces of the first group lenses L1a and L1b and the second group lenses L2a and L2b are not decentered, and these decentering is caused by the first group lens L1a and the second group lens L2a. It can also be said that the first lens group L1b and the second lens group L2b are eccentric.
- FIG. 17A shows the eccentricity between the optical axis of the first group lens L1a and the optical axis of the second group lens L2a, and the deviation between the optical axis of the first group lens L1b and the optical axis of the second group lens L2b. Shows the wick.
- the eccentricity in the present embodiment is a deviation between the optical axis of the first lens group and the optical axis of the second lens group.
- the direction of eccentricity is represented by a vector connecting two optical axes with one optical axis as a reference in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. For example, when the optical axis of the lens of the first group is used as a reference, it is indicated by a vector from Aa to Ca and a vector from Ab to Cb as shown in FIG.
- the lens barrels H1a and H1b a vector from the optical axis Aa to the optical axis Ca and a vector from the optical axis Ab to the optical axis cb
- the direction matches.
- “match” includes not only the case where the angle between the two vectors is 0 degrees, but also the case where the angle between the two vectors is 15 degrees or less.
- the optical axes Ca and Cb are decentered by ⁇ 20 ⁇ m in the X direction with respect to the optical axes Aa and Ab, respectively.
- the directions of eccentricity coincide. As described above, such eccentricity is caused by a shift between the center of the second group lens insertion portion and the center of the first group lens insertion portion in the lens barrels H1a and H1b.
- the lens barrels H1a and H1b are manufactured by injection molding using the same mold. After producing the lens barrel in this way, the eccentric directions of the lenses are matched by using the gate marks of the lens barrels H1a and H1b.
- the first group lenses L1a and L1b, the second group lenses L2a and L2b, and the lens barrels H1a and H1b are manufactured by injection molding.
- the first group lenses L1a and L1b and the second group lenses L2a and L2b may be formed by injection molding or by polishing as long as no eccentricity occurs between each pair of lens surfaces. It may be formed.
- the first lens group L1a and the second lens group L2a are attached to the lens barrel H1a.
- the first lens group L1b and the second lens group L2b are attached to the lens barrel H1b. Since no decentration occurs between the pair of lens surfaces of the first group lenses L1a, L1b and the second group lenses L2a, L2b, the first group lenses L1a, L1b to the lens barrels H1a, H1b and There is no particular limitation on the mounting direction of the second group lenses L2a and L2b.
- focus adjustment is performed by rotating the lens barrel H1a.
- the direction of the gate mark Ga after focus adjustment is in the ⁇ X direction as shown in FIG.
- the lens barrel H1a is fixed to the holding member K.
- the adhesive T2 is cured.
- the focus adjustment is performed by rotating the lens barrel H1b while holding the auxiliary lens barrel H2b so as not to rotate.
- (6) When the focus adjustment of the lens barrel H1b is completed, if the orientation of the gate trace Gb is substantially the same as the ⁇ X direction as in the direction of the gate trace Ga of the lens barrel H1a, the lens barrel H1b Is fixed to the secondary lens barrel H2b, and the secondary lens barrel H2b is fixed to the holding member K. For example, the adhesives T2 and T3 are cured. As shown in FIG. 17 (b), when the orientation of the gate mark Gb is deviated from the ⁇ X direction, the sub lens barrel H2b is rotated together with the lens barrel H1b as indicated by the arrows.
- the orientation of the gate mark Gb of the lens barrel H1b is made to substantially coincide with the ⁇ X direction.
- the adhesives T2 and T3 are cured to fix the lens barrel H1b to the sub lens barrel H2b and fix the sub lens barrel H2b to the holding member K.
- the combination of the lens barrel H1b and the sub lens barrel H2b can change the direction of the gate mark Gb while maintaining the focus position.
- FIG. 5 As shown in FIG. 5, in the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b, the direction of eccentricity between the optical axis of the first group lens and the optical axis of the second group lens, that is, a vector from Aa to Ca and from Ab to Cb. The direction of the vector to go is the same.
- the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b are molded in the same cavity of the same mold.
- the directions of the marks Ga and Gb may be relatively aligned in substantially the same direction.
- the gate mark is used as a mark, but a mark or the like may be formed in advance on the lens barrels H1a and H1b and used as the mark.
- each lens has no eccentricity between the lens surfaces.
- the distance measuring device of the present embodiment has a distance measuring accuracy of the lens decentering and the decentering between the lenses derived from the lens barrel. The decrease can be suppressed.
- the first lens group L1a and L1b by injection molding using the same mold.
- the second group lenses L2a and L2b are manufactured by injection molding using the same mold.
- the lens barrels H1a and H1b by injection molding using the same mold. After producing the lens and the lens barrel in this way, the orientation of the lens is aligned in one direction using the gate marks as described in the first embodiment.
- the first group lenses L1a and L1b, the second group lenses L2a and L2b, and the lens barrels H1a and H1b are manufactured by injection molding.
- the first lens group L1a and the second lens group L2a are attached to the lens barrel H1a.
- the first group lens L1b and the second group lens L2b are attached to the lens barrel H1b.
- the direction of the gate trace of the lens barrel H1a with respect to the optical axis (center axis) of the lens barrel H1a, the direction of the gate trace of the first group lens L1a, and the direction of the gate trace of the second group lens L2a are made to coincide. . (4 ') Next, focus adjustment is performed by rotating the lens barrel H1a.
- the direction of the gate mark Ga after focus adjustment is in the ⁇ X direction as shown in FIG.
- the lens barrel H1a is fixed to the holding member K.
- the adhesive T2 is cured.
- the focus adjustment is performed by rotating the lens barrel H1b while holding the auxiliary lens barrel H2b so as not to rotate.
- (6 ′) When the focus adjustment of the lens barrel H1b is completed, if the orientation of the gate trace Gb is substantially the same as the ⁇ X direction as in the direction of the gate trace Ga of the lens barrel H1a, the lens barrel H1b is fixed to the secondary lens barrel H2b, and the secondary lens barrel H2b is fixed to the holding member K.
- the adhesives T2 and T3 are cured.
- the sub lens barrel H2b is rotated together with the lens barrel H1b as indicated by the arrows.
- the orientation of the gate mark Gb of the lens barrel H1b is substantially matched with the ⁇ X direction.
- the adhesives T2 and T3 are cured to fix the lens barrel H1b to the sub lens barrel H2b and fix the sub lens barrel H2b to the holding member K.
- the combination of the lens barrel H1b and the sub lens barrel H2b can change the direction of the gate mark Gb while maintaining the focus position.
- the sub lens barrel When the direction of the gate mark Gb of the secondary lens barrel H2b is made to coincide with the position of the gate trace of the secondary lens barrel H2a by rotating H2b, the first group lenses L1a and L1b with respect to the optical axis of the lens barrel H1b and The orientations of the second group lenses L2a and L2b are the same.
- the direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r4 that is, the direction of the vector from Aa to Ca and the direction of the vector from Ab to Cb match.
- the eccentric directions of the diaphragm Sa and the diaphragm Sb are matched.
- the positional relationship between the plane chart T and the distance measuring device M, the image size, and the simulation method are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the baseline length B is set to 16 mm.
- FIG. 18A is a distance measurement accuracy map when the second group lenses L2a and L2b are both shifted by ⁇ 20 ⁇ m in the X direction as shown in FIG. 12A, and the distance between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r4. Is completely coincident between the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b (the angle difference is 0 degree).
- FIG. 18B shows the eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r4. It is a map of ranging accuracy when the direction is an angle difference of 15 degrees between the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b.
- FIG. 18C is a distance measurement accuracy map in a state where the second group lenses L2a and L2b are not displaced and no eccentricity occurs.
- FIG. 19A shows a case where the second lens unit L2b is decentered by +20 ⁇ m in the X direction, which is opposite to FIG. 18A, that is, in the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b. It is a map of the ranging accuracy in the state where the direction of eccentricity between the lens surface r1 and the lens surface r4 differs by 180 degrees.
- FIG. 19B shows the lens surface r1 and the lens when the second group lens L2b is decentered by +20 ⁇ m (X direction is 0 ⁇ m) in the Y direction, that is, in the lens barrel H1a and the lens barrel H1b. It is a map of the ranging accuracy in the state where the direction of eccentricity with respect to the surface r4 differs by 90 degrees.
- the decentering direction is made to coincide with at least two of the plurality of optical systems. In such a case, it is possible to perform distance measurement with high accuracy by suppressing deterioration of distance measurement accuracy.
- the eccentricity to be considered in the plurality of optical systems is generated between the two lens surfaces respectively positioned on the object side and the imaging region side of one lens.
- the eccentricity between the lens surfaces provided in two adjacent lenses is considered.
- the eccentricity capable of suppressing the decrease in distance measurement accuracy according to the present invention is not limited to these, and when the plurality of optical systems have n lens surfaces, the i-th lens surface from the object side By matching the decentering direction with the j-th lens surface in at least a pair of the plurality of optical systems, it is possible to suppress a decrease in distance measurement accuracy due to decentering.
- n is an integer of 2 or more
- i and j are different, and are integers of 1 or more and n or less, respectively.
- FIG. 20 schematically shows the structure of one optical system LS1 of a distance measuring device having a plurality of optical systems.
- the optical system LS1 includes a lens L1a, a lens L2a, and a lens L3a.
- the lens L1a has lens surfaces r1 and r2 on the object side and the imaging region side, respectively.
- the lens L2a has lens surfaces r3 and r4 on the object side and the imaging region side, respectively.
- the lens L3a has lens surfaces r5 and r6 on the object side and the imaging region side, respectively.
- a decrease in distance measurement accuracy due to decentration occurring between any two lens surfaces r1 to r6 can be suppressed by matching the decentering directions between the plurality of optical systems.
- the influence of distance measurement accuracy may be reduced by matching the direction of eccentricity generated between the optical axis Aa of the lens surface r2 of the lens L1a and the optical axis Ba of the lens surface r6 of the lens L3a
- the two lens surfaces to be selected for example, it is conceivable to select a lens having a small radius of curvature. This is because a lens having a small radius of curvature greatly affects the decrease in distance measurement accuracy. Accordingly, in each optical system, one of the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface whose eccentric directions coincide with each other has the smallest radius of curvature except for a flat lens surface (with a radius of curvature of zero). A lens surface is preferable. More preferably, the i-th lens surface and the j-th lens surface are a lens surface having the smallest radius of curvature and a lens surface having the second smallest radius of curvature.
- the gate marks G0, G1, G2, and G3 are used as a mark so that the directions of the lens L1a, the lens L2a, and the lens L3a with respect to the optical axis of the lens barrel H1a are equal between the plurality of optical systems.
- the lens L1a, the lens L2a, and the lens L3a are preferably fixed to the lens barrel H1a.
- the lens L2a may not be formed by injection molding, and the orientation of the lens L2a is not made to coincide between the plurality of lenses. May be.
- the distance measuring device of the present invention can be applied to a distance measuring device for various uses, and is suitably used for a distance measuring device for in-vehicle use, monitoring camera use, three-dimensional shape measurement, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明による測距装置の第1の実施形態を説明する。図3は、本実施形態の測距装置Mの構成を示す模式図である。測距装置Mは、単レンズLa、Lbによって構成される2つの光学系と、撮像部Nと、演算処理回路Cとを備えている。
以下、本発明による測距装置の第2の実施形態を説明する。図15は、本実施形態の測距装置M’の構成を示す模式図である。測距装置M’は、2つの光学系と、撮像部Nと、演算処理回路Cとを備えている。
(1)まず、上述したように、射出成形によって、第1群レンズL1aとL1b、第2群レンズL2aとL2bおよびレンズ鏡筒H1aとH1bを作製する。上述したように、第1群レンズL1a、L1bおよび第2群レンズL2a、L2bは、それぞれの一対のレンズ面間に偏芯が生じない限り、射出成形によって形成してもよいし、研磨などによって形成してもよい。
(2)次に、レンズ鏡筒H1aに第1群レンズL1aおよび、第2群レンズL2aを取り付ける。
(3)同様に、レンズ鏡筒H1bに第1群レンズL1bおよび、第2群レンズL2bを取り付ける。第1群レンズL1a、L1bおよび第2群レンズL2a、L2bのそれぞれの一対のレンズ面間には偏芯は発生していないため、レンズ鏡筒H1a、H1bへの第1群レンズL1a、L1bおよび第2群レンズL2a、L2bの取り付け方向には特に制限はない。
(4)次に、レンズ鏡筒H1aを回転させてフォーカス調整を行う。以下、便宜上、図15に示すように、フォーカス調整後のゲート痕Gaの向きが-X方向になったものとして説明する。フォーカス調整後、レンズ鏡筒H1aを保持部材Kに対して固定する。例えば、接着剤T2を硬化させる。
(5)副レンズ鏡筒H2bが回転しないように保持しながら、レンズ鏡筒H1bを回転させてフォーカス調整を行う。
(6)レンズ鏡筒H1bのフォーカス調整が完了した時点で、ゲート痕Gbの方位がレンズ鏡筒H1aのゲート痕Ga向きと同様に-X方向と略同一となっていれば、レンズ鏡筒H1bを副レンズ鏡筒H2bに対し固定し、副レンズ鏡筒H2bを保持部材Kに対して固定する。たとえば、接着剤T2、T3を硬化させる。図17(b)に示すように、ゲート痕Gbの方位が-X方向からずれている場合には、レンズ鏡筒H1bと一緒に副レンズ鏡筒H2bを矢印で示すように回転させることにより、図17(a)に示すようにレンズ鏡筒H1bのゲート痕Gbの方位を-X方向と概ね一致させる。その後、接着剤T2、T3を硬化させることにより、レンズ鏡筒H1bを副レンズ鏡筒H2bに対し固定し、副レンズ鏡筒H2bを保持部材Kに対して固定する。このように、レンズ鏡筒H1bと副レンズ鏡筒H2bとの組合せにより、フォーカス位置を維持したまま、ゲート痕Gbの向きを変化させることができる。
(1’)まず、上述したように、射出成形によって、第1群レンズL1aとL1b、第2群レンズL2aとL2bおよびレンズ鏡筒H1aとH1bを作製する。
(2’)次に、レンズ鏡筒H1aに第1群レンズL1aおよび、第2群レンズL2aを取り付ける。
(3’)同様に、レンズ鏡筒H1bに第1群レンズL1bおよび、第2群レンズL2bを取り付ける。このとき、レンズ鏡筒H1bの光軸(中心軸)に対するレンズ鏡筒H1bのゲート痕の方位、第1群レンズL1bのゲート痕の方位、および、第2群レンズL2bのゲート痕の方位を、それぞれ、レンズ鏡筒H1aの光軸(中心軸)に対するレンズ鏡筒H1aのゲート痕の方位、第1群レンズL1aのゲート痕の方位、および、第2群レンズL2aのゲート痕の方位と一致させる。
(4’)次に、レンズ鏡筒H1aを回転させてフォーカス調整を行う。以下、便宜上、図15に示すように、フォーカス調整後のゲート痕Gaの向きが-X方向になったものとして説明する。フォーカス調整後、レンズ鏡筒H1aを保持部材Kに対して固定する。例えば、接着剤T2を硬化させる。
(5’)副レンズ鏡筒H2bが回転しないように保持しながら、レンズ鏡筒H1bを回転させてフォーカス調整を行う。
(6’)レンズ鏡筒H1bのフォーカス調整が完了した時点で、ゲート痕Gbの方位がレンズ鏡筒H1aのゲート痕Ga向きと同様に-X方向と略同一となっていれば、レンズ鏡筒H1bを副レンズ鏡筒H2bに対し固定し、副レンズ鏡筒H2bを保持部材Kに対して固定する。たとえば、接着剤T2、T3を硬化させる。図17(b)に示すように、ゲート痕Gbの方位が-X方向からずれている場合には、レンズ鏡筒H1bと一緒に副レンズ鏡筒H2bを矢印で示すように回転させることにより、図17(a)に示すようにレンズ鏡筒H1bのゲート痕Gbの方位を-X方向と概ね一致させる。その後、接着剤T2、T3を硬化させることにより、レンズ鏡筒H1bを副レンズ鏡筒H2bに対し固定し、副レンズ鏡筒H2bを保持部材Kに対して固定する。このように、レンズ鏡筒H1bと副レンズ鏡筒H2bとの組合せにより、フォーカス位置を維持したまま、ゲート痕Gbの向きを変化させることができる。
Sa、Sb 絞り
La、Lb 単レンズ
L1a、L1b 第1群レンズ
L2a、L2b 第2群レンズ
Fa、Fb フィルタ
Na、Nb 撮像面
B 基線長
r1、r2、r3、r4 レンズ面
Claims (10)
- 対象物を撮像する複数の光学系と、
前記複数の光学系に1対1の関係で対応した複数の撮像領域を有する撮像部であって、前記複数の光学系によってそれぞれの撮像領域に形成した前記対象物の像を電気信号に変換する撮像部と、
を備え、前記複数の光学系によってそれぞれ形成した前記対象物の像の視差に基づき、前記対象物までの距離を測定する測距装置であって、
前記複数の光学系のそれぞれは、n個(nは2以上の整数)のレンズ面を含み、
前記複数の光学系のうちの少なくとも一対において、前記対象物側からi番目のレンズ面とj番目(iとjとは異なっており、それぞれ1以上n以下の整数)のレンズ面との偏芯方向が互いに一致している測距装置。 - 前記少なくとも一対の光学系のそれぞれは、射出成形されており、ゲート痕を有する少なくとも1つのレンズを含み、
前記少なくとも1つのレンズは、前記i番目のレンズ面およびj番目のレンズ面を有し、
前記少なくとも一対の光学系において、前記少なくとも1つのレンズの中心に対する前記ゲート痕の方位は互いに一致している請求項1に記載の測距装置。 - 前記少なくとも一対の光学系のそれぞれは、1つのレンズを含み、
前記1つのレンズは、前記i番目のレンズ面およびj番目のレンズ面を有する請求項1に記載の測距装置。 - 前記少なくとも一対の光学系のそれぞれは、第1および第2のレンズを含み、
前記第1および第2のレンズは、前記i番目のレンズ面およびj番目のレンズ面をそれぞれ有する請求項1に記載の測距装置。 - 前記複数の光学系のそれぞれは、レンズ鏡筒を有し、
前記一対の光学系のうちの一方のレンズ鏡筒を支持する副レンズ鏡筒と、
前記一対の光学系のうちの他方のレンズ鏡筒および前記副レンズ鏡筒を前記撮像部に対して所定の空間的配置で保持する保持部材と、
を更に備え、
前記一対の光学系のうちの前記他方のレンズ鏡筒および前記保持部材、ならびに、前記第一対の光学系のうちの前記一方のレンズ鏡筒および前記副レンズ鏡筒には、それぞれ互いに嵌合するねじ構造が設けられており、前記副レンズ鏡筒は前記保持部材に対し、回転可能に支持される請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の測距装置。 - 複数の光学系を備えた測距装置の製造方法であって、
同一の金型を用いて射出成形によって作製された複数のレンズを用意する工程と、
前記複数の光学系の少なくとも一対において、前記レンズの一対のレンズ面間の偏芯の方向が互いに一致するように、複数の光学系用のレンズ鏡筒に前記複数のレンズをそれぞれ配置する工程と
を包含する測距装置の製造方法。 - 前記複数のレンズをそれぞれ配置する工程は、前記少なくとも一対の光学系のレンズ鏡筒において、前記レンズの光軸に対して前記レンズのゲート痕の方位が一致するように配置する請求項6に記載の測距装置の製造方法。
- 複数の光学系と、前記複数の光学系に1対1の関係で対応した複数の撮像領域を有する撮像部とを備えた測距装置の製造方法であって、
同一の金型を用いて射出成形によってそれぞれ作製された少なくとも一対のレンズ鏡筒を用意する工程(A)と、
前記一対のレンズ鏡筒に、少なくとも2種のレンズをそれぞれ配置し、前記複数の光学系のうちの少なくとも1対を作製する工程(B)と、
前記複数の撮像領域の1つに対象物が結像するように前記一対の光学系の一方の位置を調整する工程(C)と、
前記複数の撮像領域の他の1つに対象物が結像するように前記一対の光学系の他方の位置を調整する工程(D)と、
前記一対の光学系において、前記少なくとも2種のレンズのいずれか2つのレンズ面間に生じる偏芯の方向を一致させる工程(E)と、
を包含する測距装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(E)は、前記一対の光学系において、前記光学系の光軸に対して前記レンズ鏡筒のゲート痕の方位が互いに一致するように前記一対の光学系の少なくとも一方のレンズ鏡筒を前記光学系の光軸に対して回転させる請求項8に記載の測距装置の製造方法。
- 前記一対のレンズ鏡筒の前記2種のレンズのうち、同種のレンズは、同一の金型を用いて射出成形によって作製されており、前記工程(B)において、前記一対の光学系のレンズ鏡筒の前記ゲート痕に対し、前記2種のレンズのゲート痕の方位が前記一対の光学系において一致するように前記2種のレンズを配置する請求項9に記載の測距装置の製造方法。
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