WO2010099748A1 - 富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统 - Google Patents

富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010099748A1
WO2010099748A1 PCT/CN2010/070856 CN2010070856W WO2010099748A1 WO 2010099748 A1 WO2010099748 A1 WO 2010099748A1 CN 2010070856 W CN2010070856 W CN 2010070856W WO 2010099748 A1 WO2010099748 A1 WO 2010099748A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door
permanent magnet
rail
telescopic
train
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/070856
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘忠臣
Original Assignee
Liu Zhongchen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Zhongchen filed Critical Liu Zhongchen
Priority to CN201080010573.2A priority Critical patent/CN102361775B/zh
Publication of WO2010099748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010099748A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/10Combination of electric propulsion and magnetic suspension or levitation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B1/00General arrangement of stations, platforms, or sidings; Railway networks; Rail vehicle marshalling systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B1/00General arrangement of stations, platforms, or sidings; Railway networks; Rail vehicle marshalling systems
    • B61B1/02General arrangement of stations and platforms including protection devices for the passengers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00Other railway systems
    • B61B13/08Sliding or levitation systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61BRAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00Other railway systems
    • B61B13/10Tunnel systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26Rail vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the low-pressure pipeline sealing technology and the technical field of a permanent magnet suspension vehicle, in particular to a separation system of a low-pressure pipeline of a high-speed train, a docking system of a train and a platform passage, and a permanent magnet driven wheel-rail magnetic floating vehicle road system.
  • Wheel-rail trains rely on wheel support, guidance and drive. Train travel is driven by the adhesion between the wheels and the track.
  • the adhesion between the wheels and the track is like water drift. The higher the speed, the lower the probability of contact, the wheel and the track.
  • the adhesion coefficient decreases gradually with increasing speed.
  • the air resistance is negligibly small, and the main resistance is the rolling resistance between the wheel and the track.
  • the air resistance is proportional to the square of the speed, and the air speed increases the air resistance significantly.
  • the main resistance is expressed in the air resistance, and the adhesion driving force of the wheel and rail of the wheel-rail train with the speed The increase is gradually decreasing, and there is a limit speed that balances each other.
  • the wheel-rail train is affected by the adhesion coefficient between the wheel and the track.
  • the current maximum economic speed is about 360 kilometers, and the speed increase will become very difficult.
  • the high-speed adhesion coefficient becomes very small, and the motor drive force is no big, it does not help, idling and slipping.
  • the degree of increase, energy consumption is huge, limiting the speed of the wheel-rail train, the ultimate economic speed should not exceed 400 kilometers.
  • the aircraft can fly over 800 kilometers per hour, and can fly at an altitude of 10,000 meters. Thanks to the altitude of 6000 to 18000 meters, the air becomes thinner and thinner. The higher the air density, the smaller the flight resistance. It becomes smaller, so the same speed is more energy efficient than flying on the ground. Therefore, after the aircraft takes off, it will fly to the sky first.
  • the wheel-rail train cannot be used on the magnetic levitation track, and the magnetic levitation train cannot be used in the track of the wheel-rail train.
  • the existing wheel-rail train passes.
  • the magnetic levitation orbit needs to transfer to the maglev train, and it is very inconvenient to change back to the wheel-rail train after the wheel-rail railway line. This also limits the promotion and application of maglev train technology.
  • the conventional wheel-rail train increases speed, the air resistance increases, the forward resistance increases, and the increase of train energy consumption increases with the square of the speed. This will inevitably increase the train running cost, which will result in the increase of the ticket price after the train speed increases. Adding to passengers, high fares are easy for white-collar workers and businessmen to accept.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned technologies, and provides an oxygen-rich low-pressure pipeline permanent magnet drive wheel-rail maglev road system, which uses a low-pressure pipeline technology maglev train Compared with high-speed wheel-rail trains using low-pressure pipeline technology, energy-saving is more than 80%; the low-friction advantages of magnetic levitation are particularly prominent.
  • the high-speed maglev train using this low-pressure pipeline technology can save energy, safely and reliably, and only need dozens of In seconds, the train and the platform channel can be quickly docked. The personnel can get on and off the train quickly, and use the existing wheel-rail track and ramp as the positioning track and the orbit system of the maglev train, so that the construction cost of the magnetic levitation track is lower. It is also fully compatible with existing wheel and rail railways.
  • An oxygen-enriched low-pressure pipeline permanent magnet driving wheel-rail magnetic floating vehicle road system mainly comprises a maglev train, a driving system, a suspension system, a positioning guiding system, a maglev track, a low-pressure pipe and a sealing door, and the low-pressure pipe comprises a sealing cover, Bypass pipe, rib, track subgrade, characterized by:
  • the driving system adopts a linear permanent magnet driving system, and the spiral rotor of the linear permanent magnet driving system is coaxially arranged with the spiral stator; the suspension system adopts a permanent magnet suspension system; the magnetic floating track comprises a positioning guiding track, an armature track and a driving track;
  • the linear permanent magnet drive system and the suspension system are arranged up or down or horizontally, and are disposed on the inner side or the outer side of the positioning guide system;
  • the positioning guide system includes a positioning guide rail of the conventional wheel rail, a wheel and a limit wheel, and is disposed outside or inside the positioning guide rail
  • the drive rail and the armature rail are composed of a spiral stator of a steel magnetically permeable material, and the armature rail is mounted below or in a horizontal direction of the drive rail.
  • the permanent magnet drive wheel-rail maglev train is provided with a wheel bracket at the bottom of the bogie, a drive bracket is arranged on the wheel bracket, a permanent magnet drive system and a permanent magnet suspension system are arranged on the drive bracket or the wheel bracket, and a permanent strong magnet is arranged inside the permanent magnet suspension system.
  • a permanent magnet drive system is provided with a rotatable spiral rotor, and the spiral rotor is provided with a permanent magnet arranged in a spiral line;
  • the rail berm is disposed on the outer side or the inner side of the positioning guide rail, A drive rail is disposed, and a top of the drive rail or the track subgrade is provided with a suspension rail bracket; the armature rail is installed below the suspension rail bracket.
  • a telescopic sliding sleeve is arranged in the train door of the maglev train or a telescopic channel is arranged in the bypass duct, and the cross section of the telescopic sliding sleeve or the telescopic passage is circular, square or closed arc, and the two are respectively disposed at one end thereof a telescopic door cover or a curved door cover, the telescopic door cover or the curved door cover is matched with the curved surfaces of the two side walls of the train or the low pressure pipe, and a sandwich space and a sliding door mechanism are arranged in the telescopic door cover or the curved door cover,
  • a channel sliding door is further disposed in the mezzanine space, and the channel sliding door is slidingly connected with the telescopic door cover or the curved door cover or hinged through the door shaft, and a protection groove is arranged around the door frame of the telescopic door cover or the curved door cover, in the protection groove
  • a telescopic frame is installed
  • a compartment sealing section or a corrugated expansion joint is disposed between the compartment of the maglev train and the telescopic passage and the bypass duct, and the longitudinal section of the compartment seal section and the bellows joint is a corrugated shape, a zigzag shape or a square wave shape;
  • the corrugated flanges disposed at the two ends are respectively connected with the flanges of the telescopic door flanges;
  • one end of the bellows expansion joints is provided with a transmission mechanism;
  • the transmission mechanism comprises a motor, a lead screw and a nut or includes a telescopic cylinder and a plunger;
  • a passage seal seat is arranged between the telescopic passage and the bypass duct, and a passage seal ring is arranged on the passage seal seat.
  • a permanent magnet sucker and a suction cup seal are arranged on the door frame of the telescopic door cover or the curved door cover;
  • the permanent magnet chuck has two forms:
  • the utility model relates to a flip-type permanent magnet chuck, which comprises a suction cup frame and a suction cup unit, wherein a permanent magnet valve shaft is arranged in a circular arc groove of the suction cup frame; the permanent magnet valve shaft is an intermediate slotted cylinder, and two sides are arranged therein. a strong permanent magnet of a plane, the two ends of which are connected by a universal joint; the permanent magnet sucker is provided with a magnetic gap opening at a joint between the telescopic passage and the train door;
  • the other is a sliding permanent magnet chuck, comprising a suction cup frame, a fixed magnetic plate, and a sliding magnetic plate;
  • the fixed magnetic plate is in the form of a straight line or a circular arc, and is formed by staggering the magnetic core and the strong permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic poles of the strong permanent magnets are staggered at equal intervals with respect to the same pole;
  • the sliding magnetic plate comprises a magnetic magnetic sliding plate and a strong permanent magnet, the magnetic magnetic sliding plate is equally spaced, and a strong permanent magnet is arranged in the groove, and the magnetic pole is different
  • the poles are alternately arranged at equal intervals; the two ends of the magnetically permeable slide are connected to the driving device, and the relative sliding between the sliding magnetic plate and the fixed magnetic plate can be generated under the driving of the driving device.
  • the oxygen content of the chamber and the low pressure pipeline is 60% or more.
  • Two sealing door panels are arranged inside the low-pressure pipeline, and a lifting gate is arranged between the two sealing panels, the lifting gate comprises a door frame and a single-layer or double-layer sealing disc, and the upper part of the door frame or the horizontally arranged rail slice.
  • a filling air bag is disposed around the wall of the low-pressure pipe, the filling air bag is in the form of a flexible cable wound in a rolled bar or one end of the long cylindrical air bag is wound in the form of a rolling bar; the flexible cable is wound around the filling airbag in the form of a rolled bar, and the flexible cable is fixedly connected, the flexible cable The other end is connected to the roll bar.
  • the waveform ring-shaped wave frame frame is fixedly connected in the low-pressure pipe or the bypass pipe, and the wave-shaped door frame is hinged to the arc-faced door through the door axis, and the arc-faced door is in the shape of a circular arc and conforms to the curved surface of the wave frame.
  • the train has a door slide at the exit of the car.
  • the cross-section shape of the door slide is circular or elliptical.
  • the sliding slide of the door slide is connected with the telescopic sliding sleeve, and the cross-sectional shape of the two is matched.
  • the sliding sleeve is arranged between the telescopic sliding sleeve and the sliding door of the door.
  • the sealing ring, the sliding sleeve sealing ring is embedded in the sealing groove;
  • the door sliding channel is internally provided with the door channel sheath;
  • the telescopic sliding sleeve is provided with the same channel sheath shape as the door channel sheath;
  • the telescopic sliding sleeve end is connected with the telescopic door a sliding door is arranged in the sliding door sleeve;
  • a telescopic door frame is arranged around the opening door of the telescopic door sleeve, and a door expansion device is arranged between the telescopic sliding sleeve and the door sliding passage, and the outer curved surface of the telescopic door sleeve and the platform pipeline
  • the inner arc surface of the pipe door sleeve is consistent.
  • the shield of the high-speed rail has a sealing cover to prevent the birds from colliding with the high-speed train, preventing the loss of high-value items in the track and avoiding the casualties of people falling into the track.
  • the sealing cover is equivalent to the isolation railing and is very safe. Construction of fences and barriers is also required at a certain distance from the high-speed rail trains, so there is no significant difference in construction costs.
  • above-ground or overhead low-pressure pipelines is not only cheaper but also safer than underground tunnel-type low-pressure pipelines. If abnormal conditions occur, the safety vents on the ground or overhead low-pressure pipelines can be opened, and the low-pressure pipelines quickly and atmospherically. In the same way, passengers can safely evacuate the pipeline. It is almost safer to live in a higher altitude than a plane.
  • the permanent magnet floating train adopts the embracing structure and does not derail the subversion. It is more safe than the high-speed wheel-rail train open wheel-rail structure.
  • the low-pressure pipeline has a high safety protection effect on trains and passengers. Even if the low-pressure pipeline is damaged and leaks, it can only increase the gas pressure and driving resistance in the pipeline, and will not cause any harm to trains and personnel, thus preventing damage and countering terrorists. The attack is safer.
  • the pressure in the low-pressure pipeline is only 1/10-1/4 of the standard atmosphere
  • the oxygen content in the pipeline is rich
  • the oxygen content is basically the same as the oxygen content on the ground. Even in this environment, people will not lack oxygen, and can freely Acting in the low-pressure pipeline, finding the escape route, opening the venting valve and the safety door and leaving the low-pressure pipeline safely, is safer than the aircraft.
  • the setting of the filled airbag makes the exhaust pipe decompression time of the transition pipeline ten times or even several times shorter than the usual mode.
  • the time for the train to pass through the transition pipeline can be greatly shortened, and the efficiency of the transition pipeline is improved.
  • the exhaust pressure difference during the emptying process is very small, and it is carried out under normal pressure to minimize the emptying energy, which is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the station docking system allows passengers to get on and off faster.
  • the invention can realize the train stop in the low-pressure pipeline, and opens the train door within a few seconds. After the person gets on and off the vehicle, the vehicle is quickly pumped to the low pressure within a few tens of seconds and the train door is closed, and the station is driven at a high speed.
  • the entire boarding time and the usual train pick-up time are only extended by tens of seconds, which is almost unaffected for the total time of long-distance travel. The rest of the situation is almost the same, and passengers do not feel the same.
  • the retractable door can be retracted to the vicinity of the low pressure pipe wall without exceeding the pipe reinforcement ribs and will not affect the train passing at high speed.
  • the train can quickly pass through the city at a speed of more than 800 kilometers per hour. It is not necessary to limit the speed to 200 kilometers per hour, and the average train speed will not be affected.
  • the telescopic door is locked by a permanent magnet suction cup, and the locking force is not controlled by electric power, which can avoid the locking failure caused by sudden power failure.
  • the problem of leakage and pressure loss The area of the locked area is large, and the stop position of the train does not have to be very accurate. As long as the position of the retractable door is covered on the outside of the train door or the low-pressure duct access door, the seal can be reliably locked.
  • the surface of the train or the surface of the pipe access door jacket does not need to protrude the locking structure, which can be made very smooth, which is beneficial to reduce the air resistance of the driving.
  • the maglev train with low pressure pipeline technology The energy consumption is only one-fifth of the energy consumption of high-speed wheel-rail trains using low-pressure pipeline technology, less than one-tenth of the energy consumption of the aircraft, saving most of the energy.
  • Railways occupy an important proportion in the national economic construction. The energy conservation of railway transportation is of great significance to the realization of national energy conservation and emission reduction targets.
  • the driving force is large, the climbing ability is strong, and it can climb more than 30% of the slope.
  • the acceleration is larger than the wheel rail, which shortens the acceleration time and braking distance.
  • the rails with wheel and rail guides have large positioning rigidity, which eliminates the weak point of electromagnetic suspension guide stiffness and obvious sway at high speed, and the operation is more stable and comfortable.
  • the permanent magnet suspension overcomes more than 90% of its own weight, the mechanical friction between the wheel and the rail is slight, and the mechanical life of the moving parts is significantly prolonged. Reduce maintenance costs.
  • the train formation length can be increased or decreased at will.
  • the driving density can be adjusted according to the actual passenger flow.
  • the driving interval can be as low as 3 minutes, which can adapt to different transportation needs.
  • the carrying capacity is the sum of the existing wheel-rail train and maglev train capacity, and the overload margin is large. Once the permanent magnet suspension orbit is overloaded, there will be a margin equivalent to the bearing capacity of the wheel-rail track, which can accommodate the surge in passenger traffic during peak periods.
  • the brake can be regeneratively braked by the permanent magnet drive force unless it is in an emergency, without wasting energy at high speed by means of eddy current deceleration or mechanical brake. It saves braking energy and no longer supplements the wheel adhesion coefficient with mechanical friction braking like a conventional wheel-rail train.
  • the comprehensive construction cost of the line construction is low. There is no need to drive the coil on the entire track, there is no need to control the substation along the way, and there is no need to control the electrical system.
  • the construction of the low-pressure pipeline eliminates the need to construct guardrails along the line, and also eliminates the construction of utility poles along the line. Construction costs are reduced along the line and personnel maintenance costs are reduced. Due to the large magnetic gap of the transmission, the machining accuracy of the spiral stator core on the track does not need to be high, so the manufacturing cost is low.
  • the cost of building a low-pressure pipeline section is only A small proportion of the cost of the body line, which makes the comprehensive cost of the construction of the linear permanent magnet driven wheel-rail magnetic suspension railway to be equivalent to the construction cost of the high-speed wheel and rail, which will greatly promote the popularization and promotion of the maglev train technology.
  • the shield of the high-speed rail has a shield to prevent the impact of bad weather, so that the railway is no longer blocked by blizzard, hail, ice and rain. It will not be grounded like a plane encountering thunderstorms and foggy weather. It will not be docked like a ship encountering wind and waves. It will not be as slow as snow, typhoon, rain or fog. Or closed highways have obvious advantages. It can be driven all day long, and the wind and rain are unimpeded.
  • the high-speed rail has a shielded shield on the outside to block the sound transmission. Even if the train passes through the city at a speed of 800 km or more, the outside world is still silent. It is not necessary to limit the speed to 200 km/h. It will not affect the average speed of trains and will not cause noise disturbance. This will prevent the vehicle from adversely affecting the lives of the surrounding residents and protect the health of the people.
  • the sealing cover is made of low-cost cold-rolled steel plate.
  • the high-speed rail is shielded by a steel sealing cover, which can shield the external radiation of electromagnetic waves. It can also shield the magnetic field of the internal strong magnet to the same magnetic field as the earth. The worries of surrounding residents without electromagnetic interference.
  • the positioning guide system of the maglev train adopts the guide rail of the conventional wheel rail track, and the permanent magnet drive system and the permanent magnet suspension system are arranged on the outer side or the inner side of the guide rail to form a compatible wheel-rail magnetic levitation track, which truly realizes the magnetic levitation railway and the existing
  • the versatility and compatibility of the railway, the wheel-rail magnetic levitation track can pass both the wheel-rail train and the maglev train.
  • the internal pressure of the low-pressure pipeline is controlled at a low pressure of about 1/10-1/4 of the standard atmospheric pressure to ensure the safety of passengers in the low-pressure pipeline.
  • a person has a low pressure of about 1/20 below the standard atmosphere, the blood will immediately boil and die, so it can be safer to maintain above 1/10 standard atmospheric pressure. Under this pressure, the air resistance can be reduced by 90%, saving huge. Driving energy.
  • the low pressure pipeline is filled with oxygen with an oxygen content of 80%-99%. Ignore carbon dioxide and inert gases in the air, which is about 22% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. This 78% nitrogen is not necessary for human life, but it is significantly increased. Vehicle and aircraft driving energy consumption. 22% of the oxygen is necessary for human activities. If the nitrogen in the pipe air is removed and only oxygen is left, even if the pressure drops by 78%, the unit volume concentration of oxygen in the pipe remains unchanged. Creatures will survive longer in such an environment, increasing the chances of escape and rescue. In 2008, the Beijing Olympic torch was successfully ignited at Mount Everest at an altitude of 8844.43 meters.
  • the atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest was only about 30KPa, the average temperature was between -40°C and -50°C, and the oxygen content was only about 6.6%. Still able to engage in complex heavy-duty mountaineering, enough to prove that the oxygen content is 10%-22% of the normal temperature oxygen-rich low-pressure pipeline environment, people can still be normal activities.
  • a filling airbag is arranged around the pipe wall of the transition pipeline.
  • the gas emptying time of the transition pipe can be shortened by a factor of ten or even several.
  • the train can pass through the transition pipeline in a short time. In and out of the low pressure pipeline.
  • Once the train enters the long low-pressure pipeline system it is in a high-altitude and low-pressure environment similar to the flight of the aircraft, and the driving resistance is greatly reduced.
  • the soft, filled air bag 68 accommodates the contours of different trains in the transition duct and maximizes the flow of gas out of the transition duct.
  • the pumping pressure is almost constant pressure, which minimizes exhaust energy.
  • the platform and the door quick docking system are adopted, so that the large transition pipeline larger than the whole train is transferred to the narrow space between the docking doors, and the volume required for emptying is reduced.
  • the air in the space between the docking doors can be quickly pumped into a low-pressure environment equivalent to about 1/10 to 1/4 of the near-earth atmosphere, or can be charged in a few seconds.
  • the gas reaches the standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the operation process of quickly opening and closing the door, inflating or vacuuming can realize the quick docking of the train and the platform in just tens of seconds, and the personnel can get on and off the train very quickly.
  • the rails of the rail-and-rail railway are used as the positioning orbit of the maglev train.
  • the suspension rails and the drive rails can be completely arranged to preserve the existing wheel-rail rail system, and the existing wheel-rail ramp can be used.
  • the orbital system of the magnetic levitation track makes the construction cost of the magnetic levitation track lower and is fully compatible with the existing wheel and rail railway.
  • the transition space 23 is also connected to the vacuum chamber through connecting pipes and valves.
  • the volume of the vacuum chamber is much larger than the transition space 23, which is 100 times to 1000 times that of the transition space 23, the vacuum chamber is previously evacuated, the pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches about 1-lOPa, and the transition space 23 is connected to the vacuum chamber.
  • the gas in the transition space 23 rapidly diffuses into the vacuum chamber, and the pressure in the transition space 23 is rapidly reduced to 1/10 to 1/5 of the standard atmosphere.
  • the vacuum chamber can be multiple, and the vacuum is sequentially turned on, the degree of vacuum can be higher, and the pressure of the transition space 23 can be reduced to 1/100-1/1000 of the standard atmosphere.
  • 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a permanent magnet driving wheel-rail permanent magnet floating train entering and leaving a low-pressure pipeline system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the transition duct of the embodiment of the present invention and the internally filled airbag.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of a cable-filled airbag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of a reel-filled airbag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a lift type partition door with a track slice according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a lift isolation gate with track slicing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of a flat pull type sluice gate of a low pressure pipeline system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the structure of a flat pull type sluice gate with a track slice according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the permanent magnet drive wheel-rail permanent magnet floating train and the end face of the upper and lower side drive rails according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view showing the end face of a permanent magnet drive wheel-rail permanent magnet floating train and a horizontally arranged side drive track according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of a maglev train and a low-pressure pipeline system platform with a telescopic sliding door according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing the disassembled state of the maglev train and the telescopic sliding door of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the docking state of the telescopic sliding door of the train and the low pressure pipeline platform according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of an end face of a permanent magnet drive wheel-rail permanent magnet floating train and an inner and outer side drive side track according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of a sliding permanent magnet chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the operation of the sliding permanent magnet chuck of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the degaussing state of the slip type permanent magnet chuck of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of a low-pressure pipeline maglev train system and a platform with a telescopic sliding door in a side passage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the telescopic sliding door of the embodiment of the present invention in a separated state from the train.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the telescopic sliding door of the embodiment of the present invention in a docked state.
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the left side passage of the telescopic sliding door is opened to the right side in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a perspective view showing the structure of a telescopic sliding door according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view showing the structure of a flip type permanent magnet chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of a permanent magnet unit of a flip type permanent magnet chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the working state of the inverted permanent magnet chuck of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the degaussing state of the inverted permanent magnet chuck of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a perspective view showing the structure of a vertical open type telescopic door according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical square telescopic door and a telescopic joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 29 is a perspective view showing the structure of the opening type of the horizontally-opening circular retractable door according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the closed state of the horizontally-opening circular retractable door according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a perspective view showing the open state of the lift type blocking gate of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 32 is a perspective view showing the structure of a lift type blocking gate with a track slice according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of a lift-type gating gate with a track slice in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a perspective view showing the structure of the liftgate isolation duct of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view showing the opening state of the liftgate isolation duct of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the closed state of the liftgate isolation duct of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a perspective view showing the structure of a horizontally-opening isolation gate of a double-deck pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 38 is an axial schematic view of a laterally open door isolation duct of a double pipe of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 39 is a perspective view showing the structure of the corrugated transverse opening type isolation gate of the present invention in an open state.
  • Fig. 40 is a perspective view showing the state in which the corrugated type lateral opening type isolation gate is closed. In the picture,
  • the low-pressure pipe 1 of the present invention is internally evacuated under the seal of the outer sealing cover 2, and the pressure in the pipe is usually 0.1-0.22 times the standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the low-pressure pipe 1 is provided with a light transmission window 58 and a safety vent 62, and the pipe expansion joint 63 is disposed at a distance to avoid the influence of internal stress caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe caused by the weather change.
  • a pipe sealing gate 46 is disposed at a junction of the low pressure pipe 1 and the outside atmosphere, and the two sealing gates 46 are sealed into a transition pipe capable of changing pressure, and a filling air bag 68 is disposed around the pipe wall of the transition pipe, and the inside of the filling air bag 68 is disposed.
  • the maglev train 5 travels on the maglev track 6, and the top of the track line can be provided with a wire bracket 60 and a power line 61, and a power receiver 59 at the top of the maglev train 5 supplies power to the maglev train 5.
  • the outermost blocking gate 46 is opened before the maglev train 5 needs to enter the low pressure duct 1, and the secondary outer blocking gate 46 is still closed.
  • the low speed of the train all enters the transition duct between the two blocking gates 46, the outermost blocking gate 46 is closed, and the outermost outlet of the low pressure pipeline 1 is closed.
  • the whole train is closed by the blocking gate 46 at the front and rear ends.
  • the air extractor that communicates with the transition pipeline starts to work, and the air is decompressed to the outside of the transition pipeline where the train is located.
  • the flexible cable 69 filling the air bag 68 is elongated with the loose or rigid telescopic pull rod, and the inside of the filled air bag 68 is in communication with the outside air pressure, and the pressure difference between the outside atmosphere and the transition duct causes the filled air bag 68 to transition to the transition duct.
  • the inside is bulged, filling the internal space of the transition duct, and accelerating the evacuation of gas in the transition duct.
  • the narrow remaining space can be filled with high-purity oxygen having an oxygen content of 80%-99%, which is more favorable for rapid evacuation of the gas.
  • the narrow space is filled with high-purity oxygen, and the flexible cable 69 connected to the inner wall of the filled air bag 68 is tightened or the rigid telescopic pull rod is retracted, and the outer space is continuously emptied, and a low-pressure space is quickly formed, After the internal pressure of the low-pressure pipeline is the same, the secondary outer sealing gate 46 is opened, and the train can pass through the transition pipeline only after a short time.
  • the train passes through the two sealing gates 46 and then enters the low-pressure pipeline system to the destination. travel.
  • the operation is reversed, the outermost blocking gate 46 is closed, the secondary outer blocking gate 46 is opened, and the train is driven into the two blocking gates at low speed.
  • the secondary outer sealing gate 46 is closed, and the whole train is closed by the sealing gate 46 at the front and rear ends in the closed transition duct, and then the air is pressurized by the transition duct of the train.
  • the outermost sealing gate 46 is opened, and the train drives out of the low-pressure pipeline to the destination.
  • the outermost blocking gate 46 is then closed, and the gas in the transition duct is evacuated in accordance with the above operation to form an oxygen-rich low pressure conduit.
  • FIG. 3 it is the structure of the cable-filled airbag of the present invention.
  • a filling air bag 68 is tightly fixedly mounted around the pipe wall of the transition duct and the rib 21, and the inside of the air bag 68 is fixedly installed at a distance to fix the knot bolt 71.
  • the knot bolt 71 is connected to the flexible cable 69, and the rib 21 is connected and rotatable.
  • the reel 70, the reel 70 is provided with a retaining disc 72, and the other end of the flexible cable 69 is connected to the reel 70 between the retaining discs 72.
  • the reel 70 is wound or placed by the rotating device. open.
  • the filled air bag 68 can be made into a sealed long cylindrical filling air bag 68 when it is relatively long, and one end is wrapped around the reel 70.
  • a vent pipe 73 is provided at the end of the filling air bag 68 to open to the outside.
  • the reel 70 is wound or released by the rotating device, and the vent pipe 73 at the end discharges excess air filled in the air bag 68.
  • the filled air bag 68 is a soft rubber or a well-sealed laminated fabric.
  • a shut-off gate 46 is required at a certain distance in the low-pressure pipe 1 to isolate the various low-pressure pipes when maintenance of the vehicle, entry or exit of the train, or abnormal conditions are required.
  • the invention provides a structural scheme of a lifting isolation gate.
  • FIG. 2 a three-dimensional structure diagram of a lift type blocking gate 46 according to the present invention is shown.
  • Two sealing door panels 47 are provided at the position where the sealing gate 46 is installed in the low pressure pipe 1, and the two sealing door panels 47 are separated by a certain distance, and the outer periphery is tightly sealed.
  • a sealing gate 46 is disposed between the two sealing door panels 47.
  • the sealing gate 46 is composed of a partition frame 50 and a sealing disc 52.
  • the sealing disc 52 is a single layer, and can also be divided into two layers, and the compartment is separated.
  • Disk 52 can be metallic or non-metallic.
  • the partitioning disk 52 is a curved surface in which the central portion is recessed inward.
  • a gasket is placed between the door frame 50 and the packing disc 52 to maintain a good seal.
  • the sealed intermediate interlayer 54 between the two partitioning discs 52 is evacuated to a low pressure of about 0.5-0.6 atmospheres, so that the pressure difference between the two sides of each of the partitioning discs 52 does not exceed 0.5 atmospheres. The pressure is reduced by half, reducing the pressure on the packing disc 52. If one of the sections is damaged by collision, there is another layer to supplement.
  • a sealing gasket is provided on the sealing door panel 47 and the sealing tape of the packing disc 52 to maintain a good seal between the pipes.
  • the door frame 50 and the partitioning disc 52 are made of a metal material, they can be welded together.
  • a track slice 51 is disposed at the top of the door frame 50, and the track slice 51 has the same thickness as the door frame 50.
  • the shape of the track slice 51 is the same as the shape of the I-beam and is part of the positioning rail 66.
  • the positioning rail 66 is fixed to the partition frame 50 by a rail fixing member 74.
  • the bottom of the space between the two compartment door panels 47 of the containment gate 46 is the bottom compartment 49, which is normally lowered in the bottom compartment 49.
  • a temporary storage compartment 48 having a sufficient space is provided at the top of the partitioning door panel 47.
  • the sectional shape of the temporary storage compartment 48 may be circular, or may be elliptical, rectangular or curved. To accommodate the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50.
  • the partition frame of the blocking gate 46 when the vehicle is normally passing, the partition frame of the blocking gate 46 is lowered into the lower compartment 49 of the lower portion of the partitioning door panel 47.
  • the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50 just engages the track into a complete track, and the train can pass at the block gate 46 at the same speed as the other sections.
  • the door frame 50 of the sealing gate 46 when it is required to isolate the low pressure pipe, the door frame 50 of the sealing gate 46 is lifted to the top by the gate lifting device 67, and the low pressure pipe is closed and tightly sealed by the sealing material.
  • the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50 stays in the temporary storage bin 48.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 it is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a flat pull type sealing gate 46 of the present invention.
  • the blocking shutter 46 is disposed in the horizontal direction.
  • Two sealing door panels 47 are disposed at a position where the sealing gate 46 is installed in the low-pressure pipe 1, and the sectional shape of the sealing door panel 47 is a semi-circular arc shape at both ends, and a horizontal straight line is formed, like a horizontally arranged raceway shape that is erected.
  • the bottom can also extend down to the ground.
  • the two sealing door panels 47 are separated by a certain distance, and the outer periphery is tightly sealed.
  • a sealing gate 46 is provided between the two sealing door panels 47.
  • the shape of the sealing gate 46 is a shape of a straight line connecting the two tangential circular upper and lower vertices, and the bottom portion can also extend downward to the ground.
  • the sealing gate 46 is composed of two parts, a part of which is a pipe packing portion composed of a packing sliding door frame 75 and a packing disc 52, and the sealing structure between the sliding door frame 75 and the partitioning disc 52 is the same as described above.
  • the other part is the track section, which is a complete section of the low pressure pipe, including the positioning guide rail 66, the drive track 65, the armature track 79, and the power line 61.
  • the thickness of the track slicing portion is substantially the same as the thickness of the pipe packing portion.
  • a pulley and a drive are provided at the bottom of the blocking gate 46.
  • the pipe packing portion When the pipe packing portion is pushed and pulled to the position of the low pressure pipe, it functions to block and seal the low pressure pipe.
  • the track section When the track section is pushed to the position of the low pressure pipe, it just joins the track into a complete track, and the train can pass at the high speed of the block gate 46 at the same speed as the other sections.
  • the advantage of the flat pull type damper 46 is that the horizontal push-pull sealing gate 46 is light and can reduce the energy consumption of the switch-sealing gate 46, and is particularly suitable for the occasion of opening and closing the gate 46.
  • the blocking gate 46 is provided with a temporary storage compartment 48 on both sides of the low pressure pipe, and the space of the temporary storage compartment 48 is sufficient to accommodate any part of the pipe packing portion and the track slicing portion.
  • the core portion of the maglev track 6 is composed of a guide rail 66, a drive rail 65 and a suspension rail 79.
  • the auxiliary support portion is composed of a track subgrade 64 and a track berm 76.
  • the positioning guide rail adopts the current universal wheel-rail guiding rail 66, and the positioning guiding rigidity is higher than the rigidity of the electromagnetic guiding.
  • a rail berm 76 is provided on the outside of the guide rail 66, and forms a "U" shape with the rail subgrade 64 at the bottom.
  • a drive rail 65 and an armature rail 79 are disposed on the rail berm 76.
  • the drive rail 65 is composed of a spiral stator of a steel magnetically permeable material, the spiral stator is provided with a spiral line arranged in a spiral line, and the drive rail 65 is fixed to the rail berm 76 by a fixed rail embedded member 77.
  • the armature rail 79 is mounted below the drive rail 65.
  • the permanent magnet drive wheel-rail maglev train 5 is provided with a wheel bracket 82 at the bottom of the bogie, a drive bracket 81 is arranged on the wheel bracket 82, and a permanent magnet is arranged on the drive bracket 81.
  • the drive system 83 and the permanent magnet suspension system 78 which is disposed outside the guide rail 66, is located below the armature rail 79.
  • the permanent magnet suspension system 78 is internally provided with a permanent strong magnet, and the permanent magnet suspension system 78 produces an upward strong permanent magnet attraction to the armature rail 79 to suspend the vehicle body.
  • the levitation force overcomes the weight of the body by 90%-99%, so the rolling frictional resistance between the wheel and the track is reduced by more than 90%, which is significantly more energy efficient than the conventional wheel rail.
  • the permanent magnet drive system 83 is internally provided with a rotatable helical rotor 12, and the helical rotor 12 is externally provided with a permanent strong magnet arranged in a spiral.
  • the spiral permanent magnet of the spiral rotor and the spiral strip of the spiral stator have substantially the same pitch and are coaxially arranged, and the engine is disposed at both ends of the spiral rotor.
  • the engine generally adopts an electric motor, and the engine drives the spiral rotor to rotate and drive the spiral of the track.
  • the stator generates a permanent magnet driving force, and the driving wheel-rail permanent magnet suspension train 5 travels on the maglev rail 6.
  • the drive system and the suspension system of the maglev train 5 can also be arranged in a horizontal arrangement.
  • the positioning guide track still adopts the current common wheel rail I-rail 66.
  • the guide rail 66 is laid on the rail sleeper 86, and a rail berm 76 is disposed outside the guide rail 66, and a drive rail 65 is disposed on the rail berm 76.
  • the drive track 65 is fixed to the track berm 76 by a fixed track embedded member.
  • the top end of the drive rail 65 guides the suspension rail bracket 85 in the direction of the rail 66, and the armature rail 79 is mounted below the suspension rail bracket 85.
  • the permanent magnet drive wheel-rail maglev train 5 is provided with a wheel bracket 82 at the bottom of the bogie, and a drive bracket 81 is arranged on the wheel bracket 82, and the drive bracket 81 is horizontally disposed forever.
  • the magnetic levitation system 78 and the permanent magnet drive system 83, the permanent magnet suspension system 78 are mounted directly on the wheel bracket 82 and below the armature rail 79.
  • the permanent magnet suspension system 78 is internally provided with a permanent strong magnet, and the permanent magnet suspension system 78 produces an upward strong permanent magnet attraction to the armature rail 79 to suspend the vehicle body.
  • the levitation force overcomes the weight of the body by 90%-99%, so the rolling frictional resistance between the wheel and the track is reduced by more than 90%, which is significantly more energy efficient than the conventional wheel rail.
  • the permanent magnet drive system 83 is disposed outside of the permanent magnet suspension system 78, and the helical rotor 12 of the permanent magnet drive system 83 is concentrically disposed with the helical stator of the drive rail 65.
  • the permanent magnet drive system 83 is internally provided with a rotatable helical rotor 12, and the helical rotor 12 is externally provided with a permanent strong magnet arranged in a spiral.
  • the spiral permanent magnet of the spiral rotor and the spiral strip of the spiral stator have substantially the same pitch and are coaxially arranged, and the engine is disposed at both ends of the spiral rotor.
  • the engine generally adopts an electric motor, and the engine drives the spiral rotor to rotate and drive the spiral of the track.
  • the stator generates a permanent magnet driving force, and the driving wheel-rail permanent magnet suspension train 5 travels on the maglev rail 6.
  • the low pressure pipe 1 can be provided with branch pipes as needed along the way, and a pipe door cover 90 can be provided at a position from the low pressure pipe 1 and the branch pipe to the outside atmosphere.
  • the door sleeve 90 has a hollow curved shape, and the arc is substantially the same as the low pressure pipe.
  • the pipe door cover 90 is provided with a pipe door at the center opening, a pipe door frame 91 is formed at the periphery of the pipe door, and a gasket is arranged at the outward protruding portion of the pipe door frame 91.
  • a pipe door 22 is provided inside the pipe door sleeve 90, and the channel door 22 can be pulled inside the pipe door sleeve 90 to close or open the pipe door.
  • the maglev train 5 is driven on the maglev track 6 by the permanent magnet drive system, and there are train doors on both sides of the maglev train 5, and there is a sealing pad between the car 9 and the train door 7.
  • the sealing gasket seals the compartments of the maglev train 5 tightly and maintains a standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the train is provided with a door slide 95 at the exit of the train.
  • the cross-section shape of the door slide 95 is circular or elliptical, and the sliding slide 97 is slidably connected to the sliding door 97.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 matches the shape of the sliding door 95.
  • a sliding sleeve seal 96 is disposed between the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 and the door slide 95, and the sliding sleeve sealing ring 96 is embedded in the sealing groove.
  • the sleeve seal 96 remains sealed throughout the sliding process between the telescoping sleeve 97 and the door slide 95.
  • a door passage sheath 94 is provided inside the door slide 95.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the door passage sheath 94 is rectangular, which is convenient for passengers to enter and exit, and the cross-sectional shape may also be a curved shape at the bottom of the plane.
  • the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 is provided with a channel sheath having the same cross-sectional shape of the door passage sheath 94.
  • the end of the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 is connected to a bellows-shaped telescopic door cover 98.
  • a sliding door 100 is slidably coupled to the telescoping door cover 98.
  • the sliding door 100 is slidable within the bellows 98 to close or open the train door.
  • a telescopic door frame 99 is also arranged around the opening of the telescopic door cover 98, and the telescopic sliding sleeve 97
  • a door expansion device 93 is provided between the door slide 95 and the door expansion device 93. The door expansion device 93 can drive the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 to expand and contract in the door slide 95.
  • the telescopic sliding sleeve 97 is driven by the door expansion device 93 to extend from the normal retracted state to In contact with the pipe door sleeve 90 at the outlet of the low pressure pipe, the outer arc surface of the bellows cover 98 coincides with the inner arc surface of the pipe door sleeve 90 of the platform pipe, and the outer arc surface of the bellows cover 98 and the seal on the pipe door sleeve 90 The ring forms a tight seal to achieve a closed butt joint.
  • a permanent magnet chuck 20 is disposed on the pipe door sleeve 90.
  • the permanent magnet chuck 20 is internally provided with a strong permanent magnet, and the outer arc surface of the bellows cover 98 can be firmly connected with the pipe door sleeve 90.
  • the armature rail 79 may be disposed on the inner side of the guide rail 66 in addition to the outer side of the guide rail 66.
  • the maglev train 5 travels on the maglev rail 6 laid in the low pressure duct 1.
  • the positioning guide rail of the maglev track 6 adopts the current common wheel-rail rail I-shaped rail
  • the suspension rail is composed of an armature rail 79
  • the driving track is composed of a spiral stator
  • the spiral stator is arranged with a spiral strip arranged in a spiral line to drive the track.
  • the suspension track is arranged on the inside of the I-beam.
  • the subgrade in the middle of the track protrudes upward to support the suspension bracket 85, and the armature rail 79 is mounted at the bottom of the suspension bracket 85.
  • the permanent magnet drive wheel-rail maglev train 5 has a wheel bracket 82 at the bottom of the bogie in addition to the wheel 84 and the bogie structure of the conventional wheel-rail train.
  • the wheel bracket 82 is provided with a permanent magnet drive system 83 and a permanent magnet suspension system 78.
  • the magnetic drive system 83 and the permanent magnet suspension system 78 are horizontally distributed on the left and right sides of the guide rail 66, and the bottom is higher than the upper surface of the I-beam to facilitate smooth passage through the existing structure.
  • the permanent magnet drive system 83 is shown on the outside of the guide rail 66, and the permanent magnet suspension system 78 is disposed inside the guide rail 66 and disposed below the suspension bracket 85.
  • a limit wheel 80 is also provided on the wheel bracket 82 for precise positioning while avoiding derailment of the wheel-rail maglev train 5.
  • a solenoid rotor 12 is disposed in the permanent magnet drive system 83, and the solenoid rotor 12 is a spiral permanent magnet arranged in a spiral.
  • the spiral magnet of the spiral rotor 12 and the spiral strip of the spiral stator have substantially the same pitch.
  • the two ends of the spiral rotor 12 are provided with an engine.
  • the engine generally adopts an electric motor, and the engine drives the spiral rotor 12 to rotate and pull the maglev train 5 on the maglev track 6. travel.
  • the above-described compatible track structure scheme can be used independently without depending on the low-pressure pipe, and does not affect the patentability of the compatible wheel-rail magnetic levitation track of the present invention. That is, the permanent magnet driven wheel-rail maglev train 5 can still travel on the compatible wheel-rail magnetic levitation track of the above structure without using the low-pressure pipe.
  • the sliding permanent magnet chuck is composed of a suction cup frame 36, a fixed magnetic plate 104, and a sliding magnetic plate 105.
  • the fixed magnetic plate 104 is composed of a collecting core 101 and a strong permanent magnet 42, and the magnetic core 101 and the strong permanent magnet 42 are alternately arranged in a straight line or a circular arc. 104.
  • the magnetic poles of the strong permanent magnets 42 are staggered at equal intervals with respect to the poles.
  • the fixed magnetic plate 104 is fixed to the suction cup frame 36 by an outer side cover 41. A circular arc groove and a straight groove are left between the fixed magnetic plate 104 and the suction cup frame 36.
  • the sliding magnetic plate 105 is installed in the groove.
  • the sliding magnetic plate 105 is mainly composed of a magnetic magnetic sliding plate 102 and a strong permanent magnet 42.
  • the shape of the magnetic magnetic sliding plate 102 is The circular arc plate or the columnar plate shape, the inner surface of the magnetic conductive sliding plate 102 is equally spaced and provided with a strong permanent magnet 42.
  • the permanent permanent magnet 42 is a permanent strong magnet with a flat surface or a curved surface on both sides, such as neodymium iron boron, and the magnetic pole direction is The adjacent N and S magnetic poles are alternately arranged at equal intervals and are placed on the collecting magnet core 101.
  • a non-magnetically conductive gasket 38 is disposed between the strong permanent magnets 42.
  • the fixed magnetic plate 104 and the sliding magnetic plate 105 are concentrically or overlapped and embedded in the suction frame 36.
  • the two ends of the magnetic sliding plate 102 are connected to the sliding ejector 103, and the sliding magnetic plate 105 is driven by the sliding ejector 103.
  • the relative magnetic slip is generated between the fixed magnetic plate 104 and the fixed magnetic plate 104, the magnetic field on the outside of the permanent magnet chuck 20 is superimposed, and the maximum suction force or the magnetic force is removed from the bonded telescopic cover 98.
  • the side cover 41 is provided outside the magnetic oscillating slide 102 and the fixed magnetic plate 104.
  • the working principle is as shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17.
  • the magnetic circuit of the sliding magnetic plate 105 and the fixed magnetic plate 104 and the telescopic cover are used. After the 98 magnetic field of the permanent magnet 42 is superposed, a closed magnetic circuit is formed on the side of the telescopic cover 98.
  • the permanent magnet suction cup 20 generates a maximum magnetic force for the telescopic cover 98, and a strong magnetic force will be used for the permanent magnet sucker 20 and the telescopic cover 98. Pull it together firmly.
  • the driving device of the magnetic magnetic sliding plate 102 may be a motor or an electromagnet, or may be a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, or may be a screw or a manual force increasing device.
  • the permanent magnet locking device is automatically controlled to be locked and opened by the electromagnetic controller, and can also be manually controlled to lock and open when the power is off.
  • the telescopic door structure of the above magnetic levitation train may also be disposed at the opening of the passage of the low pressure pipe.
  • a telescopic channel 4 is disposed at the opening of the bypass channel.
  • the telescopic channel 4 is normally contracted near the wall of the sealing cover 2, generally not exceeding the pipe reinforcing rib 21, and the distance between the maglev train 5 and the sealing cover 2 is large, and does not hinder the magnetic levitation. Train 5 passes at high speed.
  • the low-pressure pipe 1 of the present invention is evacuated into a sub-vacuum state under the shield of the outer sealing cover 2, and the pressure in the pipe can reach 1/100 to 1/ of the standard atmospheric pressure. 1000, in a very thin atmosphere, the air resistance will be reduced by 99%.
  • the low-pressure pipe 1 can be opened as needed along the way.
  • the bypass pipe 3 can be disposed laterally at the low-pressure pipe 1 where the warehouse needs to be opened, and the expansion pipe 4 is arranged in the bypass pipe 3.
  • the maglev train 5 is suspended on the maglev track 6 laid in the low pressure pipe 1.
  • the maglev train 5 has train doors on both sides.
  • the train door 7 seals the magnetic suspension train 5 and the carriage 9 tightly, maintaining a standard atmospheric pressure. Since the air resistance of the train is very small, the maglev train 5 can travel at a high speed on the maglev track 6, and when the train reaches the next station, it decelerates and enters the station 10, and the train door 7 is aligned with the telescopic passage 4 in the bypass duct 3 to stop at the platform. 10.
  • a permanent magnet floating shoe 11 is arranged at the bottom of the maglev train 5
  • a permanent strong magnet is arranged inside the permanent magnet floating shoe 11
  • a permanent strong magnet with a magnetic pole is arranged outside the magnetic floating track 6, and a strong repulsive force generated by the isotropic magnetic pole of the permanent strong magnet is provided. It produces an upward levitation repulsion and at the same time achieves an automatic restoring force. Its restoring force is almost half of the body's own weight, so it maintains an automatic return balance position even when there are corners or corners. The mechanical friction is completely eliminated, and no electromagnetic resistance is generated, which is very energy-saving.
  • the maglev track 6 is internally provided with a spiral stator, and the spiral stator is provided with a spiral strip arranged in a spiral line, and a spiral rotor is arranged at the bottom of the maglev train 5, and the spiral rotor is a spiral permanent strong magnet arranged in a spiral line.
  • the helical magnet of the spiral rotor and the spiral of the helical stator have substantially the same pitch, and the helical rotor rotates to pull the maglev train 5 at a high speed on the maglev track 6.
  • the telescopic channel 4 is normally contracted near the wall of the sealing cover 2, generally not exceeding the pipe rib 21, and the distance between the maglev train 5 and the sealing cover 2 is large, and does not hinder the high-speed passage of the maglev train 5.
  • the telescopic channel 4 is separated from the maglev train 5.
  • the telescopic channel 4 is slidably connected with the bypass pipe 3, and a channel sealing ring 18 is disposed between the telescopic channel 4 and the bypass pipe 3, and the channel sealing ring 18 is embedded in the sealing ring seat 17.
  • the passage seal 18 remains sealed during sliding between the telescoping passage 4 and the bypass conduit 3.
  • the end of the bypass pipe 3 is connected to the channel flange 13.
  • the outer side of the channel flange 13 is provided with a telescopic section outer casing 24, and the outer end of the expansion joint outer casing 24 is also connected to the channel flange 13, and the channel flange 13 is internally provided with a channel sheath 25.
  • the end of the telescopic channel 4 is connected to the telescopic door flange 16.
  • a plunger 15 and a telescopic cylinder 14 are connected between the telescopic door flange 16 on the telescopic passage 4 and the passage flange 13.
  • the plunger 15 and the telescopic cylinder 14 are The telescopic channel 4 is driven to telescopically slide in the bypass duct 3.
  • the present invention further provides another sealing structure for the telescopic mechanism.
  • a bellows expansion joint 27 is disposed between the telescopic door flange 16 and the passage flange 13 on the telescopic passage 4.
  • the bellows expansion joint 27 has retractable elasticity, and the material may be rubber material or rubber.
  • the fabric can also be a metal material.
  • the longitudinal section of the bellows expansion joint 27 is a corrugated shape formed by the sequential connection of the circular arc ends, and the reinforcing skeleton 92 may be disposed between the respective telescopic sections of the corrugated expansion joint 27 to enhance the strength of the corrugated expansion joint.
  • a telescopic section plate 106 and a telescopic section flange 26 are disposed on both side edges of the bellows expansion joint 27, and the side shape of the telescopic section plate 106 and the expansion joint flange 26 coincide with both side edges of the bellows section 27 to secure the clip. Tightly sealed.
  • the bellows expansion joint 27 is provided with a telescopic section jacket 24 on the outside.
  • the corrugated telescopic section 27 forms a tight seal between the telescopic channel 4 and the bypass duct 3 and maintains a reliable seal during telescoping.
  • the bellows flange 26 at both ends of the corrugated joint 27 is fixedly coupled to the bellows flange 16 at one end, and the other end is connected to the passage flange 13 at the end of the bellows outer sleeve 24.
  • a motor 34 and a lead screw 33 and a nut 32 are disposed between the telescopic door flange 16 and the passage flange 13, and the motor 34 rotates the screw shaft 33 to drive the telescopic passage 4 to telescopically slide in the bypass duct 3.
  • the front end of the telescopic channel 4 is a curved door cover 19, and the arcuate door cover 19 is provided with a permanent magnet chuck 20 and a suction cup sealing strip 35.
  • a mezzanine space 30 and a sliding mechanism 31 are disposed in the arc door cover 19, and a channel sliding door 22 is disposed in the mezzanine space 30.
  • the sliding door mechanism 31 controls the passage sliding door 22 to be horizontally pulled in the curved door sleeve 19 to open or close the telescopic passage 4.
  • the maglev train 5 and the train door of the car 9 are rearwardly stabilized by the channel sliding door 22 of the positive telescopic channel 4.
  • the motor 34 rotates the screw 33 to drive the nut 32 and the telescopic passage 4 to telescopically slide in the bypass duct 3.
  • the permanent magnet chuck 20 of the telescopic passage 4 abuts against the door sleeve 8 of the maglev train 5, and the permanent magnet suction cup 20 firmly connects the telescopic passage 4 and the door sleeve 8 together.
  • a closed transition space 23 is formed between the train door 7, the door cover 8, the permanent magnet suction cup 20 of the telescopic passage 4, and the passage sliding door 22.
  • the transition space 23 is disposed very narrowly, and the communication space and the valve are connected to the transition space 23, respectively It is connected to high-pressure air bag, external standard atmosphere and vacuum pump.
  • the transition space 23 is the same as the pressure of the sub-low pressure pipeline at this time, and is in a low pressure state.
  • the valve of the transition space 23 communicating with the outside atmosphere is opened, and the transition space 23 is quickly the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the train door 7 and The pressure on both sides of the channel sliding door 22 reaches the outside atmospheric pressure, and the pressure on both sides is balanced, and the train door 7 and the channel sliding door 22 are easily opened by the sliding door mechanism 31.
  • a protective groove 28 is disposed around the telescopic passage 4 and the train door 7.
  • a telescopic frame 29 is mounted in the protection slot 28, and the telescopic frame 29 is pushed out from the protection slot 28 by the telescopic mechanism, and the train door 7 and the passage are provided.
  • the sliding door 22 is closed to form a fully enclosed passage, so that passengers can get on and off safely. After the passenger gets on and off the vehicle, the telescopic frame 29 is pulled back into the protection slot 28 by the telescopic mechanism, and the train door 7 and the passage sliding door 22 are pulled out to close the train door 7 and the telescopic passage 4.
  • the valve communicating with the vacuum pump in the transition space 23 is opened, and the transition space 23 is quickly drawn into a low pressure state.
  • the permanent magnet chuck 20 is rotated to Degaussing position, the permanent magnet suction of the telescopic passage 4 and the door sleeve 8 disappears, the plunger 15 contracts or the motor 34 rotates the screw 33 to drive the nut 32 and the telescopic passage 4 to contract back and forth in the bypass duct 3, the telescopic passage 4 and the train door 7 is separated and retracted into the vicinity of the wall of the bypass duct 3 near the seal cover 2, as shown in Fig. 19, the maglev train 5 is separated from the platform, and quickly leaves and travels to the next station at a high speed. Complete the whole process of the maglev train 5 to get on and off the station.
  • the present invention also provides a solution for rapid vacuuming.
  • the above transition space 23 also passes through the connecting pipe and the valve and the vacuum chamber Connected.
  • the volume of the vacuum chamber is much larger than the transition space 23, which is 100 times to 1000 times that of the transition space 23.
  • the vacuum chamber is evacuated in advance, the pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches about ⁇ -lOPa, and the transition space 23 communicates with the vacuum chamber.
  • the gas in the transition space 23 rapidly diffuses into the vacuum chamber, and the pressure in the transition space 23 is rapidly reduced to 1/10 to 1/5 of the standard atmosphere.
  • the vacuum chamber may be one or two or more, and the vacuum is sequentially turned on, the degree of vacuum can be higher, and the pressure of the transition space 23 can be reduced to 1/100-1/1000 of the standard atmosphere.
  • the corrugated expansion joint 27 has a structure similar to that of the bellows, and has a longitudinal cross section of a corrugated shape, and the cross section may also be a zigzag or square waveform.
  • the bellows joints 27 have corrugated joints at both ends.
  • the flanges 26 are respectively connected to the bellows flanges 16 and the channel flanges 13 on the telescopic passages 4 to maintain a good seal. Sealing gaskets are installed between the flanges and are connected by fasteners for easy replacement and maintenance.
  • a compartment seal section 89 of the same construction may also be provided between the train cars to maintain a seal when the train turns.
  • the front end of the telescopic channel 4 is connected to the curved door cover 19, and the central position of the curved door cover 19 is the passage opening of the passage sliding door 22, and the permanent magnet suction cup 20 and the suction cup sealing strip 35 are arranged around the passage opening.
  • a circular arc groove is arranged in the suction cup frame 36, and a permanent magnet suction cup unit is installed in the circular arc groove.
  • the permanent magnet suction cup unit is mainly composed of a permanent magnet valve shaft 39 and a strong permanent magnet 42.
  • the shaft 39 is an intermediate slotted cylinder, and the permanent magnet shaft 39 is provided with a strong permanent magnet 42.
  • the permanent magnet 42 is a permanent magnet with a plane cut on both sides of the cylinder, such as neodymium iron boron, and the magnetic pole direction is a large surface direction. .
  • the combination is embedded in the suction cup frame 36, and the two ends of the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 are connected with a universal joint (40), which can be connected and rotated together.
  • the permanent magnet suction cup unit is arranged along the straight side and the circular arc surface around the suction cup frame 36. cloth.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 42 of the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 is uniform during the rotation.
  • a suction side cover 41 is disposed outside the permanent magnet valve shaft 39, and a non-magnetic spacer 38 is disposed between the suction side cover 41 and the suction cup frame 36.
  • the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 When the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 is turned to the position shown in FIG. 25, the internal magnetic circuit of the strong permanent magnet 42 is broken, and the permanent magnet is After the suction cup 20 is engaged with the door cover 8, the magnetic circuit of the strong permanent magnet 42 is closed, and a strong magnetic attraction force is generated, and the permanent magnet suction cup 20 and the door cover 8 are firmly sucked together.
  • the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 When the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 26, the magnetic circuit of the strong permanent magnet 42 is closed inside, and the external magnetic force is almost zero, and no suction force is generated, and it is easy to separate.
  • the driving device of the permanent magnet valve shaft 39 may be a motor or an electromagnet, or may be a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the permanent magnet locking device is automatically controlled to be locked and opened by the electromagnetic controller.
  • the cross section of the telescopic passage 4 is rectangular.
  • the end of the telescopic channel 4 is connected to the telescopic door flange 16.
  • a plunger 15 and a telescopic cylinder 14 are connected between the telescopic door flange 16 on the telescopic passage 4 and the passage flange 13.
  • the plunger 15 and the expansion cylinder 14 can drive the telescopic passage 4 to telescopically slide in the bypass duct 3.
  • the bellows flange 16 of the telescopic channel 4 and the channel flange 13 of the bypass duct 3 are connected and sealed by a corrugated telescopic section 27.
  • Corrugated telescopic joints 27 are provided with telescopic door flanges 16 at both ends, which are respectively connected to the telescopic door flange 16 and the passage flange 13.
  • the other end of the telescopic channel 4 is a curved door cover 19, and the curved door cover 19 coincides with the curved surfaces on both sides of the train.
  • One side of the curved door cover 19 is mounted with a horizontal axis door shaft 43.
  • the curved door cover 19 is further provided with a channel sliding door 40.
  • the channel sliding door 40 is hinged with the door shaft 43 on the curved door cover 19, and the channel sliding door is closed. 40 is turned upside down along the door axis 43, and the door opening method is to open the door up and down.
  • a gas spring 44 is mounted on both sides of the channel sliding door 40, and the gas spring 44 supports the curved door cover 19, which makes the switch channel sliding door 40 more labor-saving.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the telescopic channel 4 is circular.
  • the difference with the above is that the way to open the door Different, for the horizontal opening form.
  • a square passage is formed inside the curved door cover 19, and a right axis of the door shaft 43 is mounted on the right side of the curved door cover 19.
  • the passage sliding door 40 is fixedly coupled with a connecting plate 45, and the door shaft 43 and the connecting plate 45 hingeably connect the passage sliding door 40 to the curved door cover 19.
  • the inner curved surface of the channel sliding door 40 coincides with the outer curved surface of the curved door cover 19, and is sealed by a sealing strip.
  • the channel sliding door 40 adopts a horizontal opening structure, and it is relatively labor-saving to open and close the door in the horizontal direction.
  • the passage sliding door 40 is horizontally rotated to a position where it is fitted to the curved door cover 19, and is in a closed state. As shown in Fig. 29, the passage sliding door 40 is horizontally rotated to a position where it is fitted to the bypass duct 3, and is in a door opening state.
  • bypass duct 3 The above-mentioned bypass duct 3, the telescopic passage 4 and the train door 7 are interchangeable, that is, the telescopic passage 4 is installed in the train door 7, and the joint between the telescopic passage 4 and the bypass duct 3 is connected by the permanent magnet suction cup 20 locking device.
  • a shut-off gate 46 is required at a certain distance in the low-pressure pipe 1 to isolate the various low-pressure pipes when maintenance or abnormal conditions are required.
  • the present invention discloses the following several isolation gate structure schemes.
  • FIG. 31 and 32 are schematic perspective views of a lift type blocking gate 46 of the present invention.
  • Two sealing door panels 47 are arranged in the low pressure pipe 1, and the two sealing door panels 47 are separated by a certain distance, and the outer periphery is tightly sealed.
  • a sealing gate 46 is disposed between the two sealing door panels 47.
  • the sealing gate 46 is composed of a partition frame 50 and a sealing disc 52.
  • the sealing disc 52 is divided into two layers, and the sealing disc 52 may be metal or non-metal. .
  • each of the partitioning discs 52 has a curved surface which is convex outward in the middle portion, and a sealed intermediate interlayer 54 is drawn between the two partitioning discs 52 to a low pressure of about 0.5 atmospheres or so.
  • the pressure difference between the two sides of the partition 52 does not exceed 0.5 atmospheres, and the pressure is reduced by half, which reduces the deformation and stress of the packing disc 52.
  • a gasket is placed between the door frame 50 and the door panel 47 to maintain a good seal.
  • the door frame 50 and the partitioning disc 52 are made of a metal material, they can be welded together.
  • a track slice 51 is disposed at the top of the door frame 50, and the thickness of the track slice 51 is substantially the same as the thickness of the door frame 50.
  • a sealing gate 46 is placed between the double-layered door panels 47 of the low-pressure pipe, and the bottom compartment 49 of the sealing gate 46 is normally placed at the bottom.
  • the top of the door panel 47 is provided with a sufficiently hollow temporary storage compartment 48.
  • the sectional shape of the temporary storage compartment 48 may be elliptical or circular or curved.
  • the blocking gate 46 when the vehicle is normally passing, the blocking gate 46 is in the lowered position, and the door frame 50 and the partitioning disk 52 are lowered into the lower magazine 49 at the lower portion of the door panel 47.
  • the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50 is just joined to the track to form a complete track, and the train can pass at the high speed of the block gate 46 at the same speed as the other sections.
  • the door frame 50 When it is necessary to isolate the low-pressure pipe, the door frame 50 is lifted to the top by the lifting device, and the low-pressure pipe is closed, and the sealing material is tightly sealed.
  • the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50 stays in the temporary storage compartment 48.
  • FIG. 34 it is a schematic perspective view of another lift type blocking gate 46 of the present invention.
  • the track slice 51 at the top of the door frame 50 is removed, and the top of the door panel 47 does not need to be provided with a temporary storage bin 48, and the exterior has no protruding objects, and is simple and beautiful.
  • the magnetic floating track 6 is adjacent to the sealing door panel 47 and needs to make a movable track slider 55.
  • the track slider 55 and the magnetic floating track 6 are connected by a sliding groove, and can be obliquely slid. As shown in Fig. 35, in normal operation, the track slider 55 is engaged with the maglev rail 6 at the sealing door panel 47 to form a complete track, and the door frame 50 and the partitioning disk 52 are lowered to the bottom of the lower portion of the door panel 47.
  • the door frame 50 track slider 55 slides obliquely downward to reach the bottom and allows the rising path of the door frame 50, and the door frame 50 is lifted to the top by the lifting device.
  • the low pressure pipe is closed.
  • the present invention also provides a structure for the laterally opening and closing gate 46.
  • the wave frame frame 57 is fixedly disposed at a certain distance in the double-layer low-pressure pipe 1 disposed above and below.
  • a pair of wave frame frames 57 are arranged facing each other at a certain distance.
  • the wave door frame 57 is hingedly connected to the curved door 56 through the door shaft 43.
  • the curved door is horizontally rotated, and the center of gravity does not change up and down. It is easy and labor-saving to open or close.
  • the magnetic floating track 6 near the path opened outward by the curved partition 56 needs to make a movable track slider 55, and the two track sliders 55 can slide in the opposite phase and then slide away from the curved partition 56.
  • the arc-shaped partition door 56 can be easily opened and closed by being hidden in the middle of the maglev track 6 and letting the open-faced partition door 56 rotate horizontally. After the arcuate partition 56 is opened, it is close to the wall of the low pressure pipe 1 and is locked by the locking mechanism so as not to extend beyond the inner side of the annular bead 21. Two track sliders 55 in the middle of the magnetic floating track 6 slide in the direction of the door frame 50, and then slide outward to separate and form a complete track with the magnetic floating track 6. When the vehicle is in normal traffic, the curved door 56 is in the lower pipe position shown in Figs. 37 and 38. The arc-shaped partition door 56 is placed near the pipe wall of the low-pressure pipe and does not affect the high-speed passage of the maglev train 5.
  • the shape of the wave frame frame 57 is a wave-shaped belt which is formed by cutting a tube having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the low-pressure pipe by a concentric cylindrical surface, and a vertical door is provided on one side of the wave-shaped door frame 57.
  • a shaft 43 is also mounted on one side of the arcuate partition 56 with a vertical door shaft 43 that is hingedly coupled to the wave frame frame 57 by a door shaft 43.
  • the overall shape of the curved partition door 56 is such that the circular tube having a diameter slightly smaller than the low pressure pipe is vertically cut by the cylindrical surface into a circular arc shape. As shown in Fig.
  • the arcuate partition 56 and the undulating door frame 57 are semicircular in shape as viewed from the side, and are circular and concentric in shape from the end faces.
  • the inner curved surface of the curved door 56 coincides with the outer curved surface of the wave frame 57.
  • the cross-sectional sealing gate 46 is completely inside the low-pressure pipe 1, and the pipe is a complete continuous closed pipe, which is very suitable for the layout of the double-layer low-pressure pipe arranged up and down.
  • This multi-layer low-pressure pipeline with upper and lower layout not only covers an area, but also has high strength, especially not obstructing the sight of the sightseeing.
  • the low-pressure pipeline is provided with a light-transmissive window 58, tightly mounted with bullet-proof glass, and the low-pressure pipeline 1 is bright and transparent.
  • the glazed windows allow you to watch the fast-moving scenery and the scenery along the way, which is suitable for long-distance travel and sightseeing. It is also convenient to observe the train position after the train enters the station.
  • the safety vent 62 can be automatically or manually opened by wireless control, and the air enters the low-pressure pipeline. After the air pressure is balanced, the light-transmissive window 58 can be opened to become an escape window.
  • the external sealing cover can be lifted off the site with lifting equipment, which is convenient for large-scale emergency repair equipment. After the danger, the sealing cover can be closed and sealed, and the light transmission window 58 and the safety vent 62 are closed.
  • the low pressure pipe returns to a low pressure
  • the light transmission window 58 is tightly sealed by the large pressure difference inside and outside, and the pressure is restored during the gas discharge in the low pressure pipe.
  • the train can still run normally, but the energy consumption is larger than the low pressure pipeline. After a period of low pressure recovery from the pipeline, the train can travel at high speeds with low energy consumption.
  • the maglev train 5 is equipped with a vehicle power supply system, which can provide acceleration energy for the train.
  • the maglev train 5 is equipped with a power generation device, and the energy of the train brake is recovered by the regenerative braking energy-saving technology, and the vehicle power is recharged.
  • Energy utilization is very high and the power distribution system is much simplified.
  • Each station has a quick charging device that takes advantage of the time of the passengers up and down to achieve fast charging. It is necessary to supplement the energy consumed to reach the next station. Since the energy consumption in the low-pressure pipeline is extremely low, the weight of the vehicle power supply does not need to be large.
  • a power transmission line 61 can be disposed at the top of the low-pressure pipeline, and the magnetic levitation train 5 can raise the power receiver 59 to charge the vehicle power supply and provide power.
  • the gas in the pipeline is very thin, the speed of the vehicle is very high, and the gas still has a certain flushing and cooling effect on the electrical facilities on the train.
  • air pressure sensors and signal generating devices are provided in the train and the seal cover 2 to sense the air pressure in the train and the seal cover 2 at any time.
  • a gas replenishing device is installed in the train to replenish the gas to normal atmospheric pressure when the train leaks and the air pressure in the train drops.
  • the train has a quick ventilation system that exchanges air inside and outside the train at the train stop to keep the air inside the vehicle fresh.
  • the low-pressure pipeline is provided with a safety vent 62 and a safety door at an appropriate distance.
  • the redundant technology can be used to reliably send a signal, and the top safety vent 62 is quickly opened, and the air is filled into the low-pressure pipeline to make the low-pressure pipeline around the train. It is also connected to the atmosphere, which is also conducive to rapid deceleration of trains. Personnel can be safely evacuated from nearby security doors to ensure passenger safety.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统 技术领域
本发明涉及低压管道密封技术和永磁悬浮车辆技术领域, 具体涉及高速列车的低压管道 的分隔系统、 列车与站台通道的对接系统和永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统。
背景技术
轮轨列车依靠车轮支撑、 导向和驱动, 列车行驶是依靠车轮与轨道之间的黏着力驱动, 车轮与轨道的黏着力如同打水漂一样, 速度越高接触的概率越小, 车轮与轨道的黏着系数随 速度的提高在逐步下降。 在低速行驶时, 空气阻力小到可以忽略, 主要阻力表现在车轮与轨 道间的滚动阻力。 在高速行驶中, 空气阻力与速度的平方成正比, 车速提高空气阻力显著增 大, 速度达到到一定程度后主要阻力表现在空气阻力, 而轮轨列车的车轮与轨道的黏着驱动 力随速度的提高在逐步下降, 终有一个彼此平衡的极限速度。 轮轨列车受车轮与轨道的黏着 系数的影响, 目前的最高经济速度在 360公里左右, 再提速将变得很困难, 高速下黏着系数 变得非常小, 电机驱动力再大也是无济于事, 空转打滑程度增加, 能耗消耗巨大, 限制了轮 轨列车的速度, 极限经济时速不宜超过 400公里。 飞机之所以能超过 800公里时速飞行, 而 且能翱翔于万米高空, 得益于在 6000到 18000米高空下, 空气越往上变得越稀薄, 越往高空 空气密度越小, 飞行阻力也随之变小, 因此同样的速度在高空飞行要比地面行车更为节能。 所以飞机起飞后都先往高空飞, 由于飞行阻力的减小, 飞机达到的速度可以更高。 如果在地 面创造出类似飞机高空飞行的环境就可以节约大量的能量, 而且速度可以达到超过飞机的速 度。 早在半个世纪以前人们就已经想到在地下建设密闭的管道, 里面抽成一定真空, 空气阻 力就变得相当小了, 在这种环境中行车就会非常节能。 但在地下挖隧道, 再做成低压管道, 成本会高得惊人, 而且在地下一旦出现故障很难逃生。 一提到在低压管道内跑高速列车, 人 们马上会感觉到很不安全, 因为在低压管道内的空气相当少, 人在里面很难存活。 实际上我 们乘坐的飞机的外部环境就是这种低压环境, 例如飞行在 15000米 -18000米高空的 协和号飞机达到了 2000 公里时速的超音速, 飞机外面的大气压力只有地面标准大气的 1/10-1/5左右, 温度低达 -40°C以下的极度严寒, 人们在飞机里面依然安然无恙, 就是因为人 们已经把飞机做得很严密保温了, 有保证乘客安全的完备设施, 飞机已经被公认为安全系数 最高的交通工具。 那么我们在地面建设与飞机外界大气相似的低压环境, 而且气温是常温而 不是严寒低温, 安全设施即便与飞机一样, 也会比飞机更加安全了。 一旦在低压管道内发生 意外, 人们还可以从列车内跑出来逃生。 但是压力只有标准大气的 1/10-1/4的低压管道内的 空气非常稀薄, 人们如果跑到管道内仍然会缺氧窒息而危及生命, 仍存在安全隐患。
目前人们设想列车停靠站后旅客上下列车的方式主要采用低压管道内设置隔离间门和增 减压过渡管道的方式进出列车, 即列车到达目的地停靠站后, 整节列车被前后两端的隔离闸 门封闭在长于列车的密闭管道内, 长管道先变成增压管道, 然后向管道内通入大气, 到达标 准大气压时需要数分钟时间, 增压过渡管道与外界大气平衡后再打开管道站台通道门和列车 门开始上下旅客, 旅客全部进出车厢后, 关闭列车门和管道站台通道门, 再开始对列车所在 的密闭长管道抽真空, 长管道又变成减压过渡管道, 抽成要求的真空状态需要几十分钟时间, 与低压管道内压力相同后再打开两端隔离闸门, 列车便驶入低压管道向下一站行驶。 这一系 列动作需要几十分钟的时间, 与飞机起落等待时间差不多, 使磁悬浮的高速快捷优势发挥不 出来。 长期以来人们一直没有解决好磁悬浮铁路与现有铁路的通用性和兼容问题, 就是说磁 悬浮轨道上不能通行轮轨列车, 轮轨列车的轨道上也不能通行磁悬浮列车, 现有的轮轨列车 经过磁悬浮轨道需要换乘磁悬浮列车, 经过轮轨铁路线路又要换回轮轨列车, 很不方便。 这 也限制了磁悬浮列车技术的推广应用。 常规轮轨列车在提速后, 空气阻力增加, 前进阻力增 大, 列车能耗的增加随速度平方增长, 这势必增加列车运行成本, 导致列车提速后车票价格 上涨很明显, 这部分成本不得不转加于乘客的身上, 高票价对白领阶层和商人来说容易接受, 对普通百姓来说高票价只是额外负担, 多数普通百姓关心的并不是节省几个小时, 更看中的 是票价高低, 高速列车在提速后受益方是经常乘做飞机的人群, 多数老百姓并没有明显受益。 列车高速度带来的高票价并不是人们所期望的。 建立完善低压管道系统减少高速列车最主要 的空气阻力是解决高速列车运行成本更有效的途径, 因此研制一种新型的富氧低压管道永磁 驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统以克服现存对问题是十分必要的。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术所存在的问题, 本发明旨在克服上述技术中存在的不足之处, 提供一种富 氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其所采用的低压管道技术的磁悬浮列车比采用低压 管道技术的高速轮轨列车节能 80%以上; 使得磁悬浮的低摩擦优势显得格外突出, 本发明采 用这种低压管道技术的高速磁悬浮列车可显著节约能源、 使用安全可靠、 只需几十秒的时间 就可以实现列车与站台通道快速对接, 人员可以很快上下列车、 并且利用现有的轮轨轨道和 岔道作为磁悬浮列车的定位轨道和变轨系统, 使磁悬浮轨道的建设成本更低, 而且与现有轮 轨铁路完全兼容。
本发明的技术解决方案是这样实现的:
一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 主要由磁悬浮列车、 驱动系统、 悬浮系 统、 定位导向系统、 磁浮轨道、 低压管道和封隔间门所组成, 低压管道包括密封罩、 旁通管 道、 加强筋、 轨道路基, 其特征在于:
所述驱动系统采用直线永磁驱动系统, 直线永磁驱动系统的螺线转子与螺线定子同轴设 置; 悬浮系统采用永磁悬浮系统; 所述磁浮轨道包括定位导向轨道、 衔铁轨道和驱动轨道; 直线永磁驱动系统和悬浮系统上下或水平布置, 设置在定位导向系统的内侧或外侧; 定位导 向系统包括常规轮轨的定位导向轨道、 车轮和限位轮, 在定位导向轨道的外侧或内侧设置驱 动轨道和衔铁轨道, 所述驱动轨道由钢质导磁材料的螺线定子组成, 所述衔铁轨道安装在驱 动轨道的下方或水平方向。
永磁驱动轮轨磁悬浮列车在转向架的底部设置车轮支架, 车轮支架上设置驱动支架, 驱 动支架或车轮支架上设置永磁驱动系统和永磁悬浮系统;永磁悬浮系统内部设置永久强磁体, 处于衔铁轨道的下方; 永磁驱动系统内部设置可旋转的的螺线转子, 螺线转子外表设置按螺 旋线排布的永久强磁体; 轨道护堤设置于定位导向轨道的外侧或内侧, 其上设置驱动轨道, 所述驱动轨道或轨道路基的顶端设置悬浮轨道托架; 所述衔铁轨道安装在悬浮轨道托架的下 方。
在磁悬浮列车的列车门内设置伸縮滑套或在旁通管道内设置伸縮通道, 所述伸縮滑套或 伸縮通道的横截面是圆形、方形或封闭的弧形, 两者分别在其一端设置伸縮门套或弧面门套, 所述伸縮门套或弧面门套与列车或低压管道的两侧壁弧面相吻合, 在伸縮门套或弧面门套内 设置夹层空间和拉门机构, 在夹层空间内再设置通道拉门, 通道拉门与伸縮门套或弧面门套 滑动连接或通过门轴铰接, 在伸縮门套或弧面门套的门框周边设置防护槽, 在防护槽内安装 有伸縮框, 伸縮框与防护槽滑动连接。
所述磁悬浮列车的车厢和伸縮通道与旁通管道之间设置车厢密封节或波纹伸縮节, 所述 车厢密封节和波纹伸縮节的纵向截面为波纹形状、 锯齿形或方波形; 在波纹伸縮节的两端设 置的波纹节法兰分别与伸縮门法兰通道法兰相连接; 波纹伸縮节的一端设置传动机构; 所述 传动机构包括电机、 丝杠和螺母或包括伸縮缸和柱塞; 所述伸縮通道与旁通管道之间安装有 通道密封圈座, 在通道密封圈座上装有通道密封圈。
所述伸縮门套或弧面门套的门框上设置永磁吸盘和吸盘密封条;
所述永磁吸盘具有两种形式:
一种是翻转式永磁吸盘, 包括吸盘边框和吸盘单元, 所述吸盘边框的圆弧槽内安装永磁 瓣轴; 所述永磁瓣轴为中间开槽的圆柱体, 其内设置两侧为平面的强永磁体, 其两端由万向 节相连接; 永磁吸盘在伸縮通道与列车门衔接处设置磁隙开口;
另一种是滑移式永磁吸盘, 包括吸盘边框、 固定磁板、 滑动磁板; 所述固定磁板呈直线或 圆弧形, 由集磁铁芯和强永磁体交错排布而成, 所述强永磁体的磁极同极相对等间距交错排 布; 所述滑动磁板包括导磁滑板和强永磁体, 所述导磁滑板上等间距开槽, 槽内设置强永磁 体, 其磁极异极相对等间距交错排布; 所述导磁滑板的两端连接驱动装置, 在驱动装置的驱 动下滑动磁板与固定磁板之间能够产生相对滑移。
在伸縮门套的滑动车门和弧面门套的通道拉门之间具有封闭的过渡空间, 所述过渡空间 通过阀门和管道与真空室相连, 所述真空室的容积大于过渡空间; 所述真空室与低压管道的 氧气含量为 60%以上。
在低压管道内部设置两道封隔门板, 所述两道封隔门板之间设置升降闸门, 所述升降闸 门包括隔门边框和单层或双层封隔盘, 隔门边框上部或水平设置轨道切片。
在低压管道管壁周围设置填充气囊, 填充气囊为柔性缆绳缠绕卷杠形式或长筒状气囊的 一端缠绕卷杠形式; 所述柔性缆绳缠绕卷杠形式的填充气囊内部固定连接柔性缆绳, 柔性缆 绳的另一端连接在卷杠上。
在低压管道或旁通管道内固定连接波形环状波形门框,波形门框通过门轴铰接弧面隔门, 弧面隔门为圆弧面形状并与波形门框的弧面相吻合。 列车在车厢出口处设置车门滑道, 车门滑道截面形状为圆形或椭圆形, 车门滑道内滑动 连接伸縮滑套, 两者截面形状相吻合; 伸縮滑套与车门滑道之间设置滑套密封圈, 滑套密封 圈镶嵌在密封槽内; 车门滑道的内部设置车门通道护套; 伸縮滑套设有与车门通道护套的截 面形状相同的通道护套; 伸縮滑套末端连接伸縮门套; 伸縮门套内滑动连接有滑动车门; 伸 縮门套的开门处四周还设置伸縮门框, 伸縮滑套与车门滑道之间设有车门伸縮装置, 伸縮门 套的外弧面与站台管道的管道门套的内弧面吻合。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果如下:
1.1高速轨道外部有密封罩的屏蔽, 可以防止飞鸟碰撞高速列车, 防止轨道内高价值的物 品丢失, 避免人员拥挤落入轨道内的伤亡现象, 密封罩相当于隔离栏杆, 非常安全。 高速轮 轨列车外围一定距离也需要建设围拦和防护拦, 所以建设成本不会有明显差别。
1. 采用地上或高架式低压管道方式比采用地下隧道式低压管道方式不但造价低很多, 而 且更安全, 如有异常情况发生, 地上或高架式低压管道安全通气塞可以打开, 低压管道迅速 与大气相通, 旅客可以安全撤离管道。 比飞机高空遇险几乎无生还希望要安全得多。
2. 永磁浮列车采用环抱式结构不会脱轨颠覆, 比高速轮轨列车开放式轮轨结构有可能脱 轨颠覆要高度安全。
3. 低压管道对列车和乘客安全防护作用很高, 即使低压管道被破坏漏气, 只能增加管道 内气体压力和行车阻力, 不会对列车和人员造成任何伤害, 所以防止破坏和对抗恐怖分子袭 击的安全性更高。
4. 比飞机所在的高空低压低温环境更安全。 除了在车厢内配备补气设备、氧气面罩等安 全设施外, 地面低压管道的气温是与地面大气相同而不是严寒低温, 一旦在低压管道内出现 事故, 人从列车内出来不会受到低温的伤害, 比高空更安全。 高空环境的压力只有标准大气 的 1/10-1/4, 氧气含量随之下降到地面环境的 1/10-1/4, 人们仍然会处于缺氧的环境, 存在安 全隐患。低压管道内虽然压力只有标准大气的 1/10-1/4, 但管道内氧气含量丰富, 氧气含量基 本与地面含氧量相同, 人们即使处于这种环境, 也不会缺氧, 可以自如地在低压管道内行动, 找到逃生通道, 打开通气阀门和安全门而安全离开低压管道, 因而会比飞机更加安全。
5. 填充气囊的设置使过渡管道排气减压时间比通常方式要縮短十几倍甚至几十倍, 列车 通过过渡管道的时间可以大大縮短, 提高过渡管道的进出效率。排空过程中排气压力差很小, 几乎在常压下进行, 最大限度地降低排空能量, 利于节能减排。
6. 站车对接系统使乘客上下车速度更快。 本发明可实现低压管道内列车停靠站后, 在几 十秒内打开列车门, 人员上下车后, 在几十秒内内快速抽至低压并关闭列车门, 离开车站高 速行驶。 整个上下车时间与通常的列车上下车时间只延长几十秒钟, 对于长途旅行的总时间 来说几乎不受影响, 其余情形几乎完全相同, 乘客不会有异样的感觉。
7. 伸縮门可回縮到低压管道壁附近, 不会超出管道加强筋板, 不会影响列车高速通过。 在不需要停靠站时, 列车可以 800公里以上时速快速通过途经的城市, 不必限速到 200公里 时速以内, 不会使列车平均时速受到影响。
8. 伸縮门采用永磁吸盘锁紧, 锁紧力不受电力控制, 可避免突然断电时锁紧失效而造成 的漏气失压问题。 锁紧的区域面积范围较大, 列车停靠位置不必要求很准确, 只要伸縮门的 位置罩在列车门或低压管道通道门的外部都能可靠锁紧密封。 列车的表面或管道通道门外套 处表面不需要突出锁紧结构, 可以做得很光滑, 有利于减少行车的空气阻力。
9. 显著节能。在密封罩的隔离下, 列车在低压空间环境中的空气阻力降低到近地稠密大 气环境的 0.1-0.22, 排除了 78%-90%的空气阻力。 另外对于运送货物的高速列车无须担心管 道内真空度的高低, 可以采用标准大气的 1/100以下的压力, 节省 99%的空气阻力。 永磁悬 浮系统又消除了列车的 90以上的磨擦阻力,直线同步永磁驱动系统又使列车与轨道间的传动 效率在 98%以上, 几乎不存在电磁阻力和涡流阻力, 采用低压管道技术的磁悬浮列车的能耗 只有采用低压管道技术的高速轮轨列车能耗的五分之一, 不到飞机能耗的十分之一, 节省了 绝大部分能量。 铁路在国民经济建设中占有重要比重, 铁路运输的节能对全国节能减排目标 的实现具有重要的意义。
10. 运输费用明显降低。 高速列车占大部分比重的空气阻力得到显著降低后, 运行阻力 明显降低, 运行成本大幅度降低, 带来列车票价的明显降价空间, 全国的老百姓不但可以縮 短旅途时间, 还能得到票价降低带来的实惠。 长途货运成本也因此明显降低, 这对降低物流 成本, 防止物价上涨, 增强国际间制造成本竞争优势具有现实意义。
11. 驱动力大, 爬坡能力强, 能爬上 30%以上坡度。 加速度比轮轨大, 可縮短加速时间 和刹车距离。
12. 运行速度高。 采用直线永磁驱动系统驱动, 不受轮轨轨道黏着系数影响, 列车在低 压管道环境中的空气阻力只有近地稠密大气的 0.1-0.22倍, 驱动力提高很多而行驶阻力在显 著降低, 永磁浮列车可以实现高速行驶。 采用直线同步永磁驱动系统的磁浮列车, 运行速度 可达 800-1000公里 /小时。 可进一步拉近城市与城市、 甚至国家与国家的距离。
13. 采用轮轨的钢轨导向定位刚度大, 杜绝电磁悬浮导向刚度低在高速下明显晃动的弱 点, 运行更平稳, 乘做舒适。
14. 采用永磁悬浮克服了 90%以上的自重, 车轮与钢轨的机械摩擦轻微, 运动部件的机 械寿命明显延长。 可降低维护成本。
15. 列车编组长度随意增减, 行车密度可根据实际客流量调控, 行车间隔最低可达 3分 钟, 可以适应不同运输需要。
16. 承载能力是现有轮轨列车和磁悬浮列车运力的总和, 超载余量很大。 永磁悬浮轨道 一旦超载, 还会有相当于轮轨轨道承载力的余量, 能适应高峰期客流量激增的情况。
17. 由于永磁驱动机与轨道间的磁力非常大, 除非紧急情况, 制动可全部依靠永磁驱动 力再生制动, 而不需在高速下借助涡流减速或机械刹车而浪费能源, 最大限度节省制动能量, 不再像常规轮轨列车那样靠机械摩擦制动补充车轮黏着系数的不足。
18. 线路建设综合造价低。 整个轨道上不需要驱动线圈, 不需要建设沿途控制分电站, 也不需要复杂的控制电器系统, 低压管道的建设使沿线不再需要建设防护栏, 也可省去沿线 的电线杆的建设, 铁路沿线建设成本降低, 人员维护费用降低。 由于传动磁力间隙大, 轨道 上螺线定子铁芯的加工精度不需要很高, 所以制造成本低。 建设低压管道部分的成本只占整 体线路成本的很小比例, 这些使得直线永磁驱动的轮轨磁悬浮铁路建设的综合成本下降到与 高速轮轨建设成本相当, 这将会大大促进磁悬浮列车技术的普及和推广。
19. 全天侯行驶。 高速轨道外部有密封罩的屏蔽, 可以防止恶劣天气的影响, 使铁路不 再受到暴风雪、 冰雹、 冰雨、 沙尘暴气候的阻隔。 不会象飞机遇到雷雨大雾天气必须停飞, 不会象轮船遇到大风大浪天气必须靠岸停航, 不会象汽车、 客车遇到大风雪、 台风、 雨、 大 雾天气必须降低速度行驶或封闭高速公路要有明显优势。 可以做到全天侯行驶, 风雨无阻。
20. 无噪音。 高速轨道外部有密封罩的屏蔽, 可以阻隔声音的外传, 即使列车以 800公 里以上时速快速通过城市, 对外界依然悄无声息。 不必限速到 200公里时速以内, 不会使列 车平均时速受到影响, 也不会造成噪声扰民的现象, 这对防止车辆对周围居民的生活造成不 良影响, 保护人民身体健康具有很现实的意义。
21. 无电磁辐射。 密封罩采用成本低廉的冷轧钢板制作, 高速轨道外部有钢质密封罩的 屏蔽, 可以屏蔽电磁波的向外辐射, 也可以把内部强磁体的磁场屏蔽到与地球磁场完全相同。 使周围居民无电磁波干扰的后顾之忧。
22. 零排放。 使用电力驱动, 可以不依靠石油和煤碳, 没有废气排放, 无空气污染。 可 以建设成环境友好型立体磁浮交通系统。
23. 磁悬浮列车的定位导向系统采用常规轮轨轨道的导向钢轨, 在导向钢轨的外侧或内 侧设置永磁驱动系统和永磁悬浮系统后组成兼容的轮轨磁悬浮轨道, 真正实现了磁悬浮铁路 与现有铁路的通用性和兼容性, 轮轨磁悬浮轨道上既能通行轮轨列车, 又能通行磁悬浮列车。 这些结构方案可以因地制宜对现有某些轮轨轨道进行改造, 还可以利用现有轮轨道岔, 这对 既有的已经建设完成的全国铁路网线的线路技术改造提供切实可行的轨道参考方案。
24. 低压管道内部压力控制在标准大气压的 1/10-1/4左右的低压环境, 能够充分保证低 压管道内乘客的安全。 人在低于标准大气的 1/20左右的低压下血液会立即沸腾而死亡, 所以 维持在高于 1/10标准大气压才能够比较安全, 在此压力下能够减少 90%的空气阻力, 节约巨 大的行车能源。
25. 低压管道内充入氧气含量 80%-99%的氧气。 忽略空气中含量极少的二氧化碳和惰性 气体, 简单来说空气中氧气含量约为 22%, 氮气含量约为 78%, 而这 78%的氮气对人体生命 活动并不是必需的, 却显著增加了车辆和飞机行驶能耗。 其中含量 22%的氧气才是人体活动 所必需的。 如果把管道空气中的氮气抽掉, 而只剩下氧气, 即使压力下降了 78%, 管道内氧 气的单位体积浓度依然没有改变。 生物在这样的环境下会存活得更长的时间, 增大了逃生获 救的机会。 2008年北京奥运圣火在海拔 8844.43米的珠穆朗玛峰成功点燃, 珠峰顶的大气压 力只有 30KPa左右,平均气温在 -40°C至 -50°C之间, 氧气含量只有 6.6%左右, 登山队员们依然 能够从事复杂的重体力登山运动, 足以证明氧气含量在 10%-22%的常温富氧低压管道的环境 下, 人们仍然能够正常活动。
26. 列车由标准大气环境的地面轨道进入到低压管道系统时除了采用低压管道内外设置 隔离间门和增减压过渡管道的方式进出列车的方式以外, 在过渡管道的管壁周围设置填充气 囊, 过渡管道的气体排空时间可以縮短十几倍甚至几十倍。列车可以短时间内通过过渡管道, 进出低压管道。列车一旦进入漫长的低压管道系统内就处于类似飞机飞行的高空低压环境中, 行驶阻力大大降低。柔软的填充气囊 68可以适应过渡管道内不同列车的外形, 最大限度的排 挤出过渡管道的气体。 在排气减压过程中, 抽气压力几乎是长压下进行, 可最大限度降低排 气能量。
27. 列车在低压管道系统内行驶到各个停车站点时采用站台与车门快速对接系统, 使大 于整辆列车的巨大过渡管道转移到对接车门之间的狭小空间里, 需要排空的体积縮小了上万 倍,车门快速对接后,对接车门之间的空间内的空气可以很快抽成相当于近地大气 1/10到 1/4 左右的低压环境, 也可以在几秒种时间内充入高压气体达到标准大气压。 快速开关门、 充气 或抽真空等操作过程全部只需几十秒的时间就可以实现列车与站台快速对接, 人员可以很快 上下列车。
28. 采用轮轨铁路的钢轨作为磁悬浮列车的定位轨道, 将悬浮轨道和驱动轨道按照更合 理的布置方式, 可以将现有的轮轨轨道系统全部保留下来, 能够利用现有的轮轨岔道作为磁 悬浮轨道的变轨系统, 使磁悬浮轨道的建设成本更低, 而且与现有轮轨铁路完全兼容。
29. 过渡空间 23 还通过连通管和阀门与真空室相连。 真空室的容积远远大于过渡空间 23,是过渡空间 23的 100倍到 1000倍以上,真空室事先被抽成真空,真空室的压强达到 1-lOPa 左右, 过渡空间 23与真空室连通后, 过渡空间 23内的气体迅速向真空室内扩散, 过渡空间 23的压强被迅速降低到标准大气的 1/10~1/5。 真空室可以是多个, 顺次开启抽真空, 真空度 可以达到更高, 过渡空间 23的压强可降低到标准大气的 1/100-1/1000。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例的永磁驱动轮轨永磁浮列车进出低压管道系统的立体结构示意图。 图 2本发明实施例的过渡管道和内部设置的填充气囊的立体结构示意图。
图 3是本发明实施例的缆绳式填充气囊的立体结构示意图。
图 4是本发明实施例的卷筒式填充气囊的立体结构示意图。
图 5是本发明实施例的带有轨道切片的升降式隔门的立体结构示意图。
图 6是本发明实施例的带有轨道切片的升降式隔离闸门的剖面图。
图 7是本发明实施例的低压管道系统的平拉式封隔闸门的立体结构示意图。
图 8是本发明实施例的带有轨道切片的平拉式封隔闸门的立体结构示意图。
图 9是本发明实施例的永磁驱动轮轨永磁浮列车及上下排布侧驱轨道端面结构示意图。 图 10是本发明实施例永磁驱动轮轨永磁浮列车及水平排布侧驱轨道端面结构示意图。 图 11是本发明实施例带有伸縮拉门的磁浮列车及低压管道系统站台立体结构示意图。 图 12是本发明实施例的磁浮列车和列车伸縮拉门拆解状态的立体结构示意图。
图 13是本发明实施例的列车伸縮拉门与低压管道站台对接状态示意图。
图 14是本发明实施例的永磁驱动轮轨永磁浮列车及内外排布侧驱轨道端面结构示意图。 图 15是本发明实施例的滑移式永磁吸盘的立体结构示意图。 图 16是本发明实施例的滑移式永磁吸盘的工作状态的剖面示意图。
图 17是本发明实施例的滑移式永磁吸盘的消磁状态的剖面示意图。
图 18 是本发明实施例的旁通道带有伸縮拉门的低压管道磁浮列车系统及站台的立体结 构示意图。
图 19是本发明实施例的伸縮拉门与列车处于分离状态的剖面图。
图 20是本发明实施例的伸縮拉门与列车处于对接状态的剖面图。
图 21是本发明实施例的伸縮拉门左侧通道开通右侧关闭状态的剖面图。
图 22是本发明实施例的伸縮拉门的立体结构示意图。
图 23是本发明实施例的翻转式永磁吸盘的立体结构示意图。
图 24是本发明实施例的翻转式永磁吸盘的永磁单元立体结构示意图。
图 25是本发明实施例的翻转式永磁吸盘的工作状态的剖面示意图。
图 26是本发明实施例的翻转式永磁吸盘的消磁状态的剖面示意图。
图 27是本发明实施例的竖开式方形伸縮门的立体结构示意图。
图 28是本发明实施例的竖开式方形伸縮门及伸縮节的剖面示意图。
图 29是本发明实施例的横开式圆形伸縮门的开门状态的立体结构示意图。
图 30是本发明实施例的横开式圆形伸縮门的关门状态的示意图。
图 31是本发明实施例的升降式封隔闸门的开通状态的立体结构示意图。
图 32是本发明实施例的带有轨道切片的升降式封隔闸门的立体结构示意图。
图 33是本发明实施例的带有轨道切片的升降式封隔闸门的剖面图。
图 34是本发明实施例的升降门隔离管道的立体结构示意图。
图 35是本发明实施例的升降门隔离管道的开通状态的剖面示意图。
图 36是本发明实施例的升降门隔离管道的关门状态的剖面示意图。
图 37是本发明实施例的双层管道的横开式隔离闸门的立体结构示意图。
图 38是本发明实施例的双层管道的横开式门隔离管道的轴向示意图。
图 39是本发明的波纹型横开式隔离闸门开通状态的立体结构示意图。
图 40是本发明实施例的波纹型横开式隔离闸门关门状态的立体结构示意图。 图中,
1-低压管道, 2-密封罩, 3-旁通道, 4-伸縮通道, 5-磁悬浮列车, 6-磁浮轨道, 7-列车门, 8-车门套, 9-车厢, 10-站台, 11-永磁浮瓦, 12-螺线转子, 13-通道法兰, 14-伸縮缸, 15-柱 塞, 16-伸縮门法兰, 17-密封圈座, 18-通道密封圈, 19-弧面门套, 20-永磁吸盘, 21-管道加 强筋, 22-通道拉门, 23-过渡空间, 24-伸縮节外套, 25-通道护套, 26-波纹节法兰, 27-波纹 伸縮节, 28-防护槽, 29-伸縮框, 30-夹层空间, 31-拉门机构, 32-螺母, 33-丝杠, 34-电动机, 35-吸盘密封条, 36-吸盘边框, 37-磁隙开口, 38-衬垫, 39-永磁瓣轴, 40-万向节, 41-侧盖, 42-强永磁体, 43-门轴, 44-气弹簧, 45-连接板, 46-封隔闸门, 47-封隔门板, 48-暂储仓, 49- 底仓, 50-隔门边框, 51-轨道切片, 52-封隔盘, 53-密封垫圈, 54-中间夹层, 55-轨道滑块, 56-弧面隔门, 57-波形门框, 58-透光窗, 59-受电器, 60-电线支架, 61-输电线, 62-安全通气 塞, 63-管道伸縮节, 64-轨道路基, 65-驱动轨道, 66-导向轨道, 67-闸门升降装置, 68-填充 气囊, 69-柔性缆绳, 70-卷杠, 71-结绳栓, 72-挡盘, 73-通气管, 74-轨道固定件, 75-封隔拉 门框架, 76-轨道护堤, 77-轨道预埋件, 78-悬浮系统, 79-衔铁轨道, 80-限位轮, 81-驱动支 架, 82-车轮支架, 83-永磁驱动系统, 84-车轮, 85-悬浮轨道托架, 86-轨道枕木, 87-站台顶 棚, 88-转向架, 89-车厢密封节, 90-管道门套, 91-管道门框, 92-加固骨架, 93-车门伸縮装 置, 94-车门通道护套, 95-车门滑道, 96-滑套密封圈, 97-伸縮滑套, 98-伸縮门套, 99-伸縮 门框, 100-滑动车门, 101-集磁铁芯, 102-导磁滑板, 103-滑移顶杆, 104-固定磁板, 105-滑 移磁板, 106-伸縮节压板
具体实施方式
现结合附图对本发明作进一步详细介绍。
如图 1、 图 2所示, 本发明的低压管道 1在外部的密封罩 2的密封下内部抽成低压状态, 管道内的压强通常为标准大气压的 0.1-0.22倍。 低压管道 1设置透光窗 58和安全通气塞 62, 在相隔一段距离设置管道伸縮节 63,以避免天气变化造成的管道热胀冷縮引起内应力的影响。 在低压管道 1与外界大气的结合处设置管道封隔闸门 46, 两道封隔闸门 46之间密封成可以 改变压力的过渡管道, 过渡管道的管壁周围设置填充气囊 68, 填充气囊 68内部设置柔性缆 绳 69或刚性伸縮拉杆。磁悬浮列车 5行驶在磁浮轨道 6上, 轨道线路的顶部可设置电线支架 60和输电线 61, 磁悬浮列车 5顶部的受电器 59为磁悬浮列车 5提供动力电。 在磁悬浮列车 5需要进入低压管道 1之前打开最外部的封隔闸门 46, 次外层封隔闸门 46仍处于关闭状态。 列车低速全部驶入两道封隔闸门 46之间的过渡管道内, 最外部的封隔闸门 46关闭, 封闭低 压管道 1最外层出口,整节列车被前后两端的封隔闸门 46封闭在长于列车的密闭过渡管道内, 接着与过渡管道相通的抽气机开始工作, 对列车所在的过渡管道向外界排出空气减压。 在排 气减压过程中, 填充气囊 68的柔性缆绳 69随着放松或刚性伸縮拉杆伸长, 填充气囊 68的内 部与外界气压相通, 外界大气与过渡管道间的压力差使填充气囊 68向过渡管道内鼓起, 填充 过渡管道内部空间, 加快过渡管道内气体的排空。在填充气囊 68达到最大伸长量后, 可向狭 小的剩余空间内充入含氧量 80%-99%的高纯氧气, 更利于气体的迅速排空。 过渡管道内气体 在排空后, 狭小空间内充满高纯氧气, 与填充气囊 68内壁相连接的柔性缆绳 69收紧或刚性 伸縮拉杆縮回, 继续向外排空, 很快形成低压空间, 与内部低压管道内压力相同后再打开次 外层的封隔闸门 46, 列车只需停留很短的时间就可以通过过渡管道, 列车通过两道封隔闸门 46后便驶入低压管道系统向目的地行驶。 在列车需要检修和更换列车或其他情况需要从低压 管道 1内出来时, 操作动作相反, 最外部封隔闸门 46关闭, 次外层封隔闸门 46开启, 列车 低速全部驶入两道封隔闸门 46之间的过渡管道内, 关闭次外层封隔闸门 46, 整节列车被前 后两端的封隔闸门 46封闭在密闭过渡管道内, 接着对列车所在的过渡管道通入空气增压, 过 渡管道气压与与外界大气平衡后再打开最外层封隔闸门 46,列车驶出低压管道向目的地行驶。 随后最外部封隔闸门 46关闭, 按上述操作过程排空过渡管道内气体, 形成富氧低压管道。
如图 3所示, 为本发明的缆绳式填充气囊的结构。在过渡管道的管壁和加强筋 21周围密 闭固定安装填充气囊 68, 填充气囊 68内部每隔一段距离固定安装结绳栓 71, 结绳栓 71连接 柔性缆绳 69, 加强筋 21上连接可以转动的卷杠 70, 卷杠 70上设置挡盘 72, 柔性缆绳 69的 另一端连接在挡盘 72之间的卷杠 70上,卷杠 70在转动装置的带动下将缠绕的柔性缆绳收卷 或放开。
如图 4所示, 为本发明的卷筒式填充气囊的结构。填充气囊 68在比较长时可以做成密封 的长筒状填充气囊 68, 一端缠在卷杠 70上, 为便于排气, 填充气囊 68末端设置通气管 73, 与外界大气相通。 卷杠 70在转动装置的带动下将填充气囊 68收卷或放开, 末端的通气管 73 将填充气囊 68内的多余气体排出。 填充气囊 68为柔软的橡胶或密封性良好的夹胶织物。
低压管道系统内设置安全逃生扶梯和分支岔道、 暂避岔道和渡线岔道。 在低压管道 1内 每隔一定距离需要设置封隔闸门 46, 以便在需要维护车辆、 进出列车或发生异常情况时隔离 各段低压管道。 本发明提供一种升降式隔离闸门的结构方案。
如图 2、 图 5、 图 6所示, 为本发明的一种升降式封隔闸门 46的立体结构示意图。 在低 压管道 1安装封隔闸门 46的位置设置两道封隔门板 47,两道封隔门板 47之间相距一定距离, 外部周边密封严密。 在两道封隔门板 47之间设置封隔闸门 46, 封隔闸门 46由隔门边框 50 和封隔盘 52组成, 封隔盘 52为单层的, 也可以分为双层结构, 封隔盘 52可以是金属或非金 属。
如图 6所示, 封隔盘 52是中部向内凹陷的弧面。隔门边框 50与封隔盘 52之间设置密封 垫圈 53, 保持良好的密封。 对于双层结构, 两个封隔盘 52之间为密闭的中间夹层 54抽成大 约 0.5-0.6个大气压左右的低压, 这样每个封隔盘 52的两侧压力差都不超过 0.5个大气压,压 力降低了一半, 减小了封隔盘 52的承受压力。如果其中一段受碰撞破损还有另外一层起补充 作用。 封隔门板 47上与封隔盘 52的密封带处设置密封垫圈, 保持管道之间的良好密封。
隔门边框 50和封隔盘 52为金属材料时也可以焊接为一体。
隔门边框 50的顶部设置轨道切片 51, 轨道切片 51的厚度与隔门边框 50的厚度相同。 轨道切片 51的形状与工字钢轨的形状相同, 是定位钢轨 66的一部分。定位钢轨 66由轨道固 定件 74固定在隔门边框 50上。
封隔闸门 46的两个封隔门板 47之间空间的底部为底仓 49, 平时封隔闸门 46下降在底 仓 49。 封隔门板 47的顶部设置足够空间的暂储仓 48, 暂储仓 48的截面形状可以作成圆形, 也可以作成椭圆形、 矩形或弧形。 以便容纳隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51。
如图 1所示, 在车辆正常通行时, 封隔闸门 46的隔门边框下降到封隔门板 47下部的底 仓 49内。隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51恰好和轨道接合成完整的轨道, 列车可以在封隔闸 门 46处同其他路段一样高速通过。 如图 2所示, 需要隔离低压管道时, 封隔闸门 46的隔门边框 50由闸门升降装置 67提升 到顶部, 把低压管道封闭, 由密封材料严密密封。 隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51停留在暂 储仓 48内。
如图 7、 图 8所示, 为本发明的一种平拉式封隔闸门 46的立体结构示意图。 与前述结构 不同之处在于封隔闸门 46是水平方向设置的。 在低压管道 1安装封隔闸门 46的位置设置两 道封隔门板 47, 封隔门板 47的截面形状为两端是半圆弧形, 之间为水平直线,如同竖立起来 的水平布置的跑道形状, 底部还可以向下延伸至地面。 两道封隔门板 47之间相距一定距离, 外部周边密封严密。 在两道封隔门板 47之间设置封隔闸门 46, 封隔闸门 46的形状为两个相 切的圆形上下顶点之间连接直线的跑道形状,底部还可以向下延伸至地面。封隔闸门 46由两 部分组成, 一部分是由封隔拉门框架 75和封隔盘 52组成的管道封隔部分, 隔拉门框架 75和 隔离盘 52之间的密封结构与前述相同。另一部分为轨道切片部分, 为低压管道的一段完整的 切片, 包括定位导向钢轨 66、 驱动轨道 65、 衔铁轨道 79、 输电线 61。 轨道切片部分的厚度 与管道封隔部分的厚度基本相同。封隔闸门 46的底部设置滑轮和驱动装置。 当管道封隔部分 推拉到低压管道的位置时, 起到隔断和密封低压管道的作用。 当轨道切片部分推拉到低压管 道的位置时, 恰好和轨道接合成完整的轨道, 列车可以在封隔闸门 46处同其他路段一样高速 通过。 这种平拉式封隔闸门 46的优势在于水平推拉封隔闸门 46很轻便, 可降低开关封隔闸 门 46的能耗, 尤其适合经常开关封隔闸门 46的场合。
封隔闸门 46位于低压管道两侧分别设置暂储仓 48, 暂储仓 48的空间足够容纳管道封隔 部分和轨道切片部分中的任何一部分。
如图 1、 图 9所示, 磁悬浮列车 5行驶在磁浮轨道 6上。 磁浮轨道 6核心部分由导向钢 轨 66、 驱动轨道 65和悬浮轨道 79三部分组成。 辅助支撑部分由轨道路基 64和轨道护堤 76 组成。 定位导向轨道采用目前通用的轮轨导向钢轨 66, 其定位导向刚度要高于电磁导向的刚 度。 在导向钢轨 66的外侧设置轨道护堤 76, 与底部的轨道路基 64形成 " U"字形状。 轨道 护堤 76上设置驱动轨道 65和衔铁轨道 79。 驱动轨道 65由钢质导磁材料的螺线定子组成, 螺线定子设置按螺旋线排布的螺线条, 驱动轨道 65由固定轨道预埋件 77固定在轨道护堤 76 上。 衔铁轨道 79安装在驱动轨道 65的下方。 永磁驱动轮轨磁悬浮列车 5除具有常规轮轨列 车的车轮 84及转向架 88结构外, 在转向架的底部设置车轮支架 82, 车轮支架 82上设置驱 动支架 81, 驱动支架 81上设置永磁驱动系统 83和永磁悬浮系统 78, 永磁悬浮系统 78设置 在导向钢轨 66的外侧, 并处于衔铁轨道 79的下方。 永磁悬浮系统 78内部设置永久强磁体, 永磁悬浮系统 78对衔铁轨道 79产生向上的强大永磁吸引力, 使车体悬浮。 悬浮力克服了车 身 90%-99%的重量, 因而车轮与轨道之间的滚动摩擦阻力减少了 90%以上, 比常规轮轨显著 节能。 永磁驱动系统 83内部设置可旋转的的螺线转子 12, 螺线转子 12外表设置按螺旋线排 布的永久强磁体。 螺线转子的螺线永磁体和螺线定子的螺旋条的螺距基本相同并同轴设置, 螺线转子的两端设置发动机, 发动机一般采用电动机, 发动机带动螺线转子旋转与驱动轨道 的螺线定子产生永磁驱动力, 驱动轮轨永磁悬浮列车 5在磁浮轨道 6上行驶。 如图 10示, 磁悬浮列车 5的驱动系统和悬浮系统还可以采用水平布置方式。为使轮轨轨 道和磁浮轨道兼容, 定位导向轨道仍采用目前通用的轮轨工字钢轨 66。 导向钢轨 66铺设在 轨道枕木上 86, 在导向钢轨 66的外侧设置轨道护堤 76, 轨道护堤 76上设置驱动轨道 65。 驱动轨道 65由固定轨道预埋件固定在轨道护堤 76上。 驱动轨道 65的顶端向导向钢轨 66方 向延伸设置悬浮轨道托架 85, 衔铁轨道 79安装在悬浮轨道托架 85的下方。 永磁驱动轮轨磁 悬浮列车 5除具有常规轮轨列车的车轮 84及转向架 88结构外, 在转向架的底部设置车轮支 架 82, 车轮支架 82上设置驱动支架 81, 驱动支架 81上水平设置永磁悬浮系统 78和永磁驱 动系统 83, 永磁悬浮系统 78直接安装车轮支架 82上, 并处于衔铁轨道 79的下方。 永磁悬 浮系统 78内部设置永久强磁体,永磁悬浮系统 78对衔铁轨道 79产生向上的强大永磁吸引力, 使车体悬浮。 悬浮力克服了车身 90%-99%的重量, 因而车轮与轨道之间的滚动摩擦阻力减少 了 90%以上, 比常规轮轨显著节能。 永磁驱动系统 83设置在永磁悬浮系统 78的外侧, 永磁 驱动系统 83的螺线转子 12与驱动轨道 65的螺线定子同心设置。 永磁驱动系统 83内部设置 可旋转的的螺线转子 12, 螺线转子 12外表设置按螺旋线排布的永久强磁体。 螺线转子的螺 线永磁体和螺线定子的螺旋条的螺距基本相同并同轴设置, 螺线转子的两端设置发动机, 发 动机一般采用电动机, 发动机带动螺线转子旋转与驱动轨道的螺线定子产生永磁驱动力, 驱 动轮轨永磁悬浮列车 5在磁浮轨道 6上行驶。
如图 1、 图 11、 图 12、 图 19所示, 低压管道 1在沿途可根据需要开设分支管道, 在需 要从低压管道 1和分支管道通向外界大气的位置可设置管道门套 90, 管道门套 90为中空的 弧面形状, 弧度与低压管道大致相同, 管道门套 90中部开口设置管道门, 管道门周边突起设 置管道门框 91,在管道门框 91向外突出部位设置密封垫。管道门套 90内部设置通道拉门 22, 通道拉门 22可以在管道门套 90内拉动, 将管道门封闭或打开。
磁悬浮列车 5在永磁驱动系统的驱动下在磁浮轨道 6上行驶, 磁悬浮列车 5两侧有列车 门 7, 车厢 9与列车门 7之间有密封胶垫。 密封胶垫将磁悬浮列车 5的各节车厢密封严密, 保持 1个标准大气压强。 列车快到下一站点时减速后进入车站 10, 列车门 7对准站台上的管 道门套 90停靠在站台 10预定位置。 站台 10顶部为站台顶棚 87, 为上下乘客遮风挡雨, 在 任何天气下不影响列车停靠站台 10。
如图 12和图 13所示, 显示出了低压管道内列车门与站台管道门的对接情形。 列车在车 厢出口处设置车门滑道 95, 车门滑道 95截面形状为圆形或椭圆形, 车门滑道 95内滑动连接 伸縮滑套 97, 伸縮滑套 97截面形状与车门滑道 95的形状吻合。 伸縮滑套 97与车门滑道 95 之间设置滑套密封圈 96, 滑套密封圈 96镶嵌在密封槽内。 滑套密封圈 96在伸縮滑套 97与 车门滑道 95之间的滑动过程中始终保持密封。 车门滑道 95的内部设置车门通道护套 94。 车 门通道护套 94的截面形状为矩形,便于乘客进出,截面形状也可以是底部为平面上部为弧形。 伸縮滑套 97设有车门通道护套 94的截面形状相同的通道护套。伸縮滑套 97末端连接弧面形 状的伸縮门套 98。 伸縮门套 98内滑动连接有滑动车门 100, 滑动车门 100可在伸縮门套 98 内滑动, 将列车门关闭或打开。 伸縮门套 98的开门处四周还设置伸縮门框 99, 伸縮滑套 97 与车门滑道 95之间设有车门伸縮装置 93, 车门伸縮装置 93可以带动伸縮滑套 97在车门滑 道 95内伸縮,伸縮滑套 97由车门伸縮装置 93带动由平时的縮回状态延伸到与低压管道出口 处的管道门套 90接触, 伸縮门套 98的外弧面与站台管道的管道门套 90的内弧面吻合, 伸縮 门套 98的外弧面与管道门套 90上的密封圈形成严密密封, 实现密闭对接。管道门套 90上设 置永磁吸盘 20, 永磁吸盘 20内部设置有强永磁体, 可以将伸縮门套 98的外弧面与管道门套 90牢固地连接在一起。
前述衔铁轨道 79除了可以设置在导向钢轨 66的外侧,还可以设置在导向钢轨 66的内侧。 如图 14所示, 磁悬浮列车 5行驶在低压管道 1内铺设的磁浮轨道 6上。磁浮轨道 6的由定位 导向轨道采用目前通用的轮轨轨道工字钢轨, 悬浮轨道由衔铁轨道 79组成, 驱动轨道由螺线 定子组成, 螺线定子设置按螺旋线排布的螺旋条, 驱动轨道排布在工字钢轨的外侧, 悬浮轨 道排布在工字钢轨的内侧。 轨道中间的路基向上突起支撑悬浮托架 85, 衔铁轨道 79安装在 悬浮托架 85底部。 永磁驱动轮轨磁悬浮列车 5除具有常规轮轨列车的车轮 84及转向架结构 外, 在转向架的底部设置车轮支架 82, 车轮支架 82上设置永磁驱动系统 83和永磁悬浮系统 78, 永磁驱动系统 83和永磁悬浮系统 78水平分布在导向钢轨 66的左右两侧,底部高于工字 钢轨的上表面, 以便于顺利通过现有结构的道岔。 图示中永磁驱动系统 83设置在导向钢轨 66的外侧, 永磁悬浮系统 78设置在导向钢轨 66的内侧, 并设置在悬浮托架 85的下方。 车 轮支架 82上还设置限位轮 80, 精确定位的同时避免轮轨磁悬浮列车 5脱轨。 永磁驱动系统 83内设置螺线转子 12, 螺线转子 12为按螺旋线排布的螺旋状永久强磁体。螺线转子 12的螺 旋磁体和螺线定子的螺旋条的螺距基本相同, 螺线转子 12的两端设置发动机, 发动机一般采 用电动机, 发动机带动螺线转子 12旋转拉动磁悬浮列车 5在磁浮轨道 6上行驶。
上述兼容性轨道结构方案可以不依赖低压管道而独立使用, 不影响本发明的兼容性轮轨 磁悬浮轨道的专利性。 即在不使用低压管道时永磁驱动轮轨磁悬浮列车 5仍然可以行驶在上 述结构的兼容性轮轨磁悬浮轨道上。
如图 15所示, 滑动式永磁吸盘由吸盘边框 36、 固定磁板 104、 滑动磁板 105组成。 如图 15、 图 16、 图 17所示, 固定磁板 104由集磁铁芯 101和强永磁体 42组成, 集磁铁芯 101和 强永磁体 42交错排布成直线或圆弧形的固定磁板 104, 强永磁体 42的磁极同极相对等间距 交错排布。 固定磁板 104由外部的侧盖 41固定在吸盘边框 36上。 固定磁板 104与吸盘边框 36之间留有圆弧槽和直槽, 槽内安装滑动磁板 105, 滑动磁板 105主要由导磁滑板 102和强 永磁体 42组成, 导磁滑板 102形状为圆弧板或柱状的板状, 导磁滑板 102内部等间距开槽并 设置强永磁体 42, 强永磁体 42是两侧面为平面或弧面的永久强磁体, 如钕铁硼, 磁极方向 为相邻 N、 S磁极异极等间距交错排布, 靠在集磁铁芯 101上。 强永磁体 42之间设置不导磁 的衬垫 38。 固定磁板 104和滑动磁板 105同心或重叠在一起后镶嵌在吸盘边框 36内, 导磁 滑板 102的两端连接滑移顶杆 103, 在滑移顶杆 103的驱动下滑动磁板 105可以与固定磁板 104之间产生相对滑移, 位置相互交错时, 永磁吸盘 20的外部的磁场叠加后, 对贴合的伸縮 门套 98产生的最大吸力或撤消磁力。 导磁滑板 102和固定磁板 104的外部设置侧盖 41。 工作原理如图 16、 图 17所示, 在滑移顶杆 103的驱动下, 滑动磁板 105移到图 16所示 位置时, 滑动磁板 105、 固定磁板 104的磁路与伸縮门套 98衔接后强永磁体 42的磁场叠加 后在伸縮门套 98—侧形成闭合磁路, 永磁吸盘 20对伸縮门套 98会产生最大磁力, 强大的磁 力将永磁吸盘 20与伸縮门套 98牢固地吸合在一起。 滑动磁板 105的导磁滑板 102移到图 17 所示位置时, 滑动磁板 105、 固定磁板 104在内部形成闭合磁路, 外部的磁力几乎为零, 对 伸縮门套 98不产生吸引力, 很容易分开。 导磁滑板 102的驱动装置可以是电机或电磁铁, 也 可以是气缸或液压缸, 也可以是丝杠或手动增力装置。 永磁锁紧装置由电磁控制器自动控制 锁紧和开启, 也可以在断电时手动控制锁紧和开启。
上述磁悬浮列车的伸縮门结构也可以设置在低压管道旁通道开口处。 旁通道开口处设置 伸縮通道 4, 伸縮通道 4平时收縮到靠近密封罩 2的管壁附近, 一般不超出管道加强筋 21, 磁悬浮列车 5与密封罩 2之间的距离很大, 不会妨碍磁悬浮列车 5高速通过。
如图 18所示,对于高速货运轮轨磁悬浮列车本发明的低压管道 1在外部的密封罩 2的屏 蔽下内部抽成亚真空状态, 管道内的压强可以达到标准大气压的 1/100至 1/1000, 处于极稀 薄大气状态, 空气阻力会减少 99%。 低压管道 1在沿途可根据需要开设分支管道, 在需要出 仓的低压管道 1处可横向设置旁通管道 3, 旁通管道 3内设置伸縮通道 4。磁悬浮列车 5在低 压管道 1内铺设的磁浮轨道 6上悬浮。 磁悬浮列车 5两侧有列车门 7, 列车门 7将磁悬浮列 车 5和车厢 9密封严密, 保持 1个标准大气压强。 由于列车的空气阻力非常小, 磁悬浮列车 5可在磁浮轨道 6上高速行驶, 列车快到下一站点时减速后进入车站 10, 列车门 7对准旁通 管道 3内的伸縮通道 4停靠在站台 10。
如图 19所示, 磁悬浮列车 5底部设置永磁浮瓦 11, 永磁浮瓦 11内部设置永久强磁体, 磁浮轨道 6外部设置相对磁极的永久强磁体, 靠永久强磁体的同性磁极产生的强大排斥力产 生向上的悬浮斥力, 同时实现自动回复力, 其回复力几乎是车身自重的一半, 所以即使有弯 道或拐弯时都能保持自动回复平衡位置。 完全消除了机械摩擦力, 也没有电磁阻力产生, 非 常节能。 磁浮轨道 6内部设置螺线定子, 螺线定子设置按螺旋线排布的螺旋条, 磁悬浮列车 5底部设置螺线转子, 螺线转子为按螺旋线排布的螺旋状永久强磁体。 螺线转子的螺旋磁体 和螺线定子的螺旋条的螺距基本相同, 螺线转子旋转拉动磁悬浮列车 5在磁浮轨道 6上高速 行驶。 伸縮通道 4平时收縮到靠近密封罩 2的管壁附近, 一般不超出管道加强筋 21, 磁悬浮 列车 5与密封罩 2之间的距离很大, 不会妨碍磁悬浮列车 5高速通过。 伸縮通道 4与磁悬浮 列车 5处于分离状态。
如图 20所示, 显示出了站车对接伸縮门的详细结构。伸縮通道 4与旁通管道 3之间滑动 连接, 伸縮通道 4与旁通管道 3之间设置通道密封圈 18, 通道密封圈 18镶嵌在密封圈座 17 内。通道密封圈 18在伸縮通道 4与旁通管道 3之间滑动过程中保持密封。旁通管道 3末端连 接通道法兰 13, 通道法兰 13外面设置有伸縮节外套 24, 伸縮节外套 24的外端也连接通道法 兰 13, 通道法兰 13内部设置有通道护套 25。 伸縮通道 4末端连接伸縮门法兰 16。 伸縮通道 4上的伸縮门法兰 16与通道法兰 13之间连接有柱塞 15和伸縮缸 14。柱塞 15和伸縮缸 14可 以带动伸縮通道 4在旁通管道 3内伸縮滑动。
本发明又提供了伸縮机构的另一种密封结构。 如图 21、 图 22所示, 伸縮通道 4上的伸 縮门法兰 16与通道法兰 13之间设置波纹伸縮节 27, 波纹伸縮节 27具有可伸縮的弹性, 材 料可以是橡胶材料或夹胶织物, 也可以是金属材料。波纹伸縮节 27的纵向截面为圆弧线首尾 顺次连接组成的波纹形状, 波纹伸縮节 27的各个伸縮环节之间可设置加固骨架 92, 以增强 波纹伸縮节的强度。 在波纹伸縮节 27的两侧边缘还设置伸縮节压板 106和伸縮节法兰 26, 伸縮节压板 106和伸縮节法兰 26的侧面形状与波纹伸縮节 27的两侧边缘相吻合, 以确保夹 紧密封。 波纹伸縮节 27外部设置有伸縮节外套 24。 波纹伸縮节 27将伸縮通道 4与旁通管道 3之间形成严实的密封, 并在伸縮过程中保持可靠的密封。 波纹伸縮节 27两端的伸縮节法兰 26一端与伸縮门法兰 16固定联接, 其另一端与伸縮节外套 24末端的通道法兰 13相连接。 法兰之间安装密封垫片 17。 在伸縮门法兰 16与通道法兰 13之间设置电动机 34和丝杠 33、 螺母 32, 电动机 34转动丝杠 33可带动伸縮通道 4在旁通管道 3内伸縮滑动。
伸縮通道 4的前端为弧面门套 19, 弧面门套 19上设置永磁吸盘 20和吸盘密封条 35。弧 面门套 19内设置夹层空间 30和拉门机构 31, 夹层空间 30内再设置通道拉门 22。 拉门机构 31控制通道拉门 22可在弧面门套 19内水平拉动, 使伸縮通道 4开启或关闭。
磁悬浮列车 5和车厢 9的列车门 7对正伸縮通道 4的通道拉门 22后停稳。 电动机 34转 动丝杠 33带动螺母 32及伸縮通道 4在旁通管道 3内伸縮滑动。伸縮通道 4的永磁吸盘 20与 磁悬浮列车 5的车门套 8靠在一起,永磁吸盘 20将伸縮通道 4与车门套 8牢固地吸合连接在 一起。 列车门 7、 车门套 8、 伸縮通道 4的永磁吸盘 20、 通道拉门 22之间形成封闭的过渡空 间 23, 过渡空间 23设置得非常狭小, 与过渡空间 23连接有连通管和阀门, 分别与高压气包、 外界标准大气、真空泵分别相连。过渡空间 23此时与亚低压管道的压强相同,都是低压状态, 需要开门时, 过渡空间 23与外界大气相连通的阀门打开, 过渡空间 23很快就和外界大气压 强相同, 列车门 7和通道拉门 22两侧压力都达到外界大气压强, 两侧压力平衡, 列车门 7和 通道拉门 22由拉门机构 31很轻松打开。
如图 21左侧所示, 伸縮通道 4和列车门 7周边设置防护槽 28, 防护槽 28内安装有伸縮 框 29, 伸縮框 29由伸縮机构从防护槽 28内推出, 将列车门 7和通道拉门 22封闭, 形成全 封闭的通道, 旅客便可以安全上下车。 旅客上下车后, 伸縮框 29由伸縮机构拉回到防护槽 28内, 列车门 7和通道拉门 22拉出来将列车门 7和伸縮通道 4封闭。伸縮通道 4与列车门 7 需要分离时, 过渡空间 23与真空泵相连通的阀门打开, 过渡空间 23很快就被抽成低压状态, 当与低压管道 1内压强相同时, 永磁吸盘 20转动到消磁位置, 伸縮通道 4与车门套 8的永磁 吸力消失, 柱塞 15收縮或电动机 34转动丝杠 33带动螺母 32及伸縮通道 4在旁通管道 3内 收縮回滑, 伸縮通道 4与列车门 7分开, 并縮回到旁通管道 3内靠近密封罩 2的管壁附近, 如图 19所示, 磁悬浮列车 5与站台分离, 迅速驶离并高速行驶到下一站点。 完成磁悬浮列车 5到站上下车和离站的全过程。
本发明还提供了一种快速抽真空的方案。上述过渡空间 23还通过连通管和阀门与真空室 相连。 真空室的容积远远大于过渡空间 23, 是过渡空间 23的 100倍到 1000倍以上, 真空室 事先被抽成真空, 真空室的压强达到 Ι-lOPa左右, 过渡空间 23与真空室连通后, 过渡空间 23内的气体迅速向真空室内扩散,过渡空间 23的压强被迅速降低到标准大气的 1/10~1/5。真 空室可以是 1个, 也可以是 2个或 2个以上, 顺次开启抽真空, 真空度可以达到更高, 过渡 空间 23的压强可降低到标准大气的 1/100-1/1000。
如图 22所示, 伸縮节外套 24内部是伸縮密封机构, 波纹伸縮节 27结构与波纹管结构类 似, 其纵向截面为波纹形状, 截面也可以是锯齿形或方波形。波纹伸縮节 27的两端有波纹节 法兰 26分别与伸縮通道 4上的伸縮门法兰 16和通道法兰 13相连, 保持良好密封。法兰之间 安装密封垫片, 由紧固件连接, 便于更换和维护。 列车车厢之间也可以设置相同结构的车厢 密封节 89, 以使列车转弯时保持密封。
伸縮通道 4的前端连接弧面门套 19, 弧面门套 19内中央位置为通道拉门 22的通道口, 通道口周围设置有永磁吸盘 20和吸盘密封条 35。
如图 23、 图 24所示, 吸盘边框 36内设置有圆弧槽, 圆弧槽内安装永磁吸盘单元, 永磁 吸盘单元主要由永磁瓣轴 39和强永磁体 42组成, 永磁瓣轴 39为中间开槽的圆柱体, 永磁瓣 轴 39内设置强永磁体 42, 强永磁体 42是圆柱体两侧截为平面的永久强磁体, 如钕铁硼, 磁 极方向为大面方向。 组合后镶嵌在吸盘边框 36内, 永磁瓣轴 39的两端连接万向节(40), 可 以连在一起联动转动, 永磁吸盘单元沿着吸盘边框 36四周的直边和圆弧面排布。 永磁瓣轴 39的强永磁体 42的磁极方向在转动过程中是一致的。 永磁瓣轴 39的外部设置吸盘侧盖 41, 吸盘侧盖 41和吸盘边框 36之间设置不导磁的衬垫 38。
如图 25所示, 永磁吸盘 20与车门套 8衔接处存在磁隙开口 37, 永磁瓣轴 39转到图 25 所示位置时, 强永磁体 42的磁路内部为断开, 永磁吸盘 20与车门套 8衔接后强永磁体 42的 磁路闭合, 产生强大的磁性吸引力, 将永磁吸盘 20与车门套 8牢固地吸合在一起。永磁瓣轴 39转到图 26所示位置时, 强永磁体 42的磁路内部为闭合, 外部的磁力几乎为零, 不产生吸 引力, 很容易分开。 永磁瓣轴 39的驱动装置可以是电机或电磁铁, 也可以是气缸或液压缸。 永磁锁紧装置由电磁控制器自动控制锁紧和开启。
如图 27、 图 28所示, 伸縮通道 4的横截面是矩形。伸縮通道 4末端连接伸縮门法兰 16。 伸縮通道 4上的伸縮门法兰 16与通道法兰 13之间连接有柱塞 15和伸縮缸 14。 柱塞 15和伸 縮缸 14可以带动伸縮通道 4在旁通管道 3内伸縮滑动。 伸縮通道 4的伸縮门法兰 16与旁通 管道 3的通道法兰 13由波纹伸縮节 27连接和密封。 波纹伸縮节 27两端设置伸縮门法兰 16, 分别与伸縮门法兰 16和通道法兰 13相连接。 伸縮通道 4的另一端为弧面门套 19, 弧面门套 19与列车的两侧弧面相吻合。弧面门套 19的一侧安装有水平轴线的门轴 43, 弧面门套 19内 再设置通道拉门 40, 通道拉门 40与弧面门套 19上的门轴 43铰接, 通道拉门 40沿门轴 43 上下翻转, 开门方式为上下开门。 通道拉门 40两侧安装气弹簧 44, 气弹簧 44支撑着弧面门 套 19, 使开关通道拉门 40更省力。
如图 29、 图 30所示, 伸縮通道 4的截面形状为圆形。 与前述不同之处在于, 开门方式 不同, 为横向开门形式。 弧面门套 19内部开设方形通道, 弧面门套 19的右侧安装有竖直轴 线的门轴 43。通道拉门 40固定连接有连接板 45, 门轴 43和连接板 45把通道拉门 40铰接连 接在弧面门套 19上。通道拉门 40的内弧面与弧面门套 19的外弧面相吻合, 之间用密封条密 封。 通道拉门 40采用横开门结构, 沿水平方向开关门较为省力。 如图 30所示, 通道拉门 40 水平转动到与弧面门套 19贴合的位置, 处于关门状态。 如图 29所示, 通道拉门 40水平转动 到与旁通管道 3贴合的位置, 处于开门状态。
上述的旁通管道 3、 伸縮通道 4和列车门 7的结构可以互换, 即列车门 7内安装伸縮通 道 4, 伸縮通道 4与旁通管道 3衔接处由永磁吸盘 20锁紧装置联接。
以下公布了本发明的相临低压管道隔离对接系统的其他几种结构方案。
在低压管道 1内每隔一定距离需要设置封隔闸门 46, 以便在需要维护或发生异常情况时 隔离各段低压管道。 本发明公开了下列几种隔离闸门结构方案。
如图 31、 图 32所示, 为本发明的一种升降式封隔闸门 46的立体结构示意图。 在低压管 道 1内设置两道封隔门板 47, 两道封隔门板 47之间相距一定距离, 外部周边密封严密。 在 两道封隔门板 47之间设置封隔闸门 46, 封隔闸门 46由隔门边框 50和封隔盘 52组成, 封隔 盘 52分为双层, 封隔盘 52可以是金属或非金属。
如图 33所示, 每个封隔盘 52是中部向外凸起的弧面, 两个封隔盘 52之间为密闭的中间 夹层 54抽成大约 0.5个大气压左右的低压,这样每个封隔盘 52的两侧压力差都不超过 0.5个 大气压, 压力降低了一半, 减小了封隔盘 52的变形和应力。 隔门边框 50与封隔门板 47之间 设置密封垫圈 53, 保持良好的密封。
隔门边框 50和封隔盘 52为金属材料时也可以焊接为一体。
隔门边框 50的顶部设置轨道切片 51, 轨道切片 51的厚度与隔门边框 50的厚度基本相 同。
低压管道的双层封隔门板 47之间安放封隔闸门 46, 底部为平时安放封隔闸门 46的底仓 49。为了容纳隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51,封隔门板 47的顶部设置足够中空的暂储仓 48, 暂储仓 48的截面形状可以作成椭圆形, 也可以作成圆形或弧形。
如图 31所示, 在车辆正常通行时, 封隔闸门 46处于下降位置, 隔门边框 50和封隔盘 52都下降到封隔门板 47下部的底仓 49内。 隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51恰好和轨道接合 成完整的轨道, 列车可以在封隔闸门 46处同其他路段一样高速通过。
需要隔离低压管道时, 隔门边框 50由升降装置提升到顶部, 把低压管道封闭, 由密封材 料严密密封。 隔门边框 50顶部的轨道切片 51停留在暂储仓 48内。
如图 34所示, 为本发明的另外一种升降式封隔闸门 46的立体结构示意图。
将隔门边框 50的顶部的轨道切片 51去掉, 封隔门板 47的顶部不必设置暂储仓 48, 外 表没有突出物体, 简洁美观。 磁浮轨道 6靠近封隔门板 47处需要做出一段活动的轨道滑块 55, 轨道滑块 55与磁浮轨道 6之间由滑槽连接, 可以斜向滑移。 如图 35所示, 正常工作时, 轨道滑块 55在封隔门板 47处与磁浮轨道 6衔接成完整的轨 道, 隔门边框 50和封隔盘 52都下降到封隔门板 47下部的底仓 49内。
如图 36所示, 需要隔离低压管道时, 隔门边框 50轨道滑块 55向斜下方滑动, 到达底部 并让开隔门边框 50的上升路径, 隔门边框 50由升降装置提升到顶部, 把低压管道封闭。
如图 37所示, 本发明还提供了横开式封隔闸门 46结构。 在上下布置的双层低压管道 1 内每隔一定距离固定设置波形门框 57。 相距一定距离相向布置一对波形门框 57。 波形门框 57通过门轴 43铰接连接弧面隔门 56, 弧面隔门水平旋转, 重心不上下变化, 打开或关闭都 很轻松省力。 弧面隔门 56向外开启的路径附近的磁浮轨道 6需要做出一段活动的轨道滑块 55, 两段轨道滑块 55可以相向相内滑动后再向远离弧面隔门 56的方向滑动, 藏在磁浮轨道 6中间, 让开弧面隔门 56水平旋转经过的路径, 弧面隔门 56可以方便打开和关闭。 弧面隔 门 56打开后, 靠近低压管道 1壁并由锁紧机构锁紧, 不会超出环形加强筋 21内边。 磁浮轨 道 6中间的两段轨道滑块 55向隔门边框 50的方向滑动, 再向外滑动分开后与磁浮轨道 6接 合成完整的轨道。 在车辆正常通行时, 弧面隔门 56处于图 37、 图 38所示下层管道位置。 弧 面隔门 56靠在低压管道的管壁附近, 不影响磁悬浮列车 5的高速通过。
如图 39、 图 40所示, 波形门框 57的形状为与低压管道直径略小的圆管被同心圆柱面垂 直截切而成的波环形带, 波形门框 57的一侧设置有竖直的门轴 43, 弧面隔门 56的一侧也安 装有竖直的门轴 43, 弧面隔门 56通过门轴 43与波形门框 57铰接连接。 弧面隔门 56的整体 外形为与低压管道直径略小的圆管被圆柱面垂直截切而成圆弧面形状。如图 38所示, 弧面隔 门 56和波形门框 57从侧面看为半圆弧形, 从端面看为圆形和同心圆环形。弧面隔门 56的内 弧面与波形门框 57的外弧面相吻合。
这种横开式封隔闸门 46结构完全在低压管道 1内部, 管道为完整连续的封闭管道, 非常 适合上下布置的双层低压管道布局。 这种上下布局的多层低压管道不仅占地面积省, 而且管 道的强度高, 尤其是不阻碍观光视线, 低压管道设置透光窗 58, 紧密安装防弹玻璃, 低压管 道 1内光线明亮, 透过玻璃窗可以观看快速后移的景物和沿途的风光, 符合长途旅行观光需 要。 列车进站后也便于观察列车位置。
透光窗 58在列车出现故障或发生紧急情况时, 安全通气塞 62可以无线操控自动或手动 打开, 空气进入低压管道, 内外气压平衡后, 透光窗 58可以打开, 成为逃生窗口。 外部密封 罩可以用起重设备吊离现场, 便于大型抢修设备露天抢险施工。 险情过后密封罩可以合盖密 封, 透光窗 58和安全通气塞 62关闭, 在低压管道恢复低压时透光窗 58靠内外巨大压力差锁 紧密封, 在低压管道内气体排空的压力恢复期间列车仍然可以正常行驶, 只是能耗要比低压 管道大些。 经过不长时间管道恢复低压后, 列车又可在低能耗下高速行驶。
磁浮轨道 6上没有线圈和导线, 所以更便于制作和控制道岔。
磁悬浮列车 5配备车载电源系统, 可以为列车提供加速能源, 磁悬浮列车 5配备发电装 置, 利用再生制动节能技术回收列车制动的能量, 再次充回车载电源。 能量利用非常高, 配 电系统也简化很多。 每个站台都设有快速充电装置, 利用上下乘客的时间实现快速充电, 只 需要补充到达下一站点消耗的能量即可, 由于在低压管道内的能量消耗极低, 所以车载电源 的重量不需要很大。 低压管道的顶部可设置电源输电线 61, 磁悬浮列车 5可随时升起受电器 59为车载电源充电并提供动力电。
管道内气体虽然很稀薄, 但车速很高, 气体对列车上的电器设施仍有一定的冲刷冷却降 温作用。
为增强列车的安全性, 列车和密封罩 2内都设置气压传感器和信号发生装置, 随时感知 列车和密封罩 2内的气压状况。 列车内设置气体补充装置, 当列车出现泄露使列车内气压下 降时补充气体到正常大气压。 列车设有快速换气系统, 在列车停靠站时交换列车内外空气, 保持车内空气的新鲜。
低压管道每隔适当距离设置安全通气塞 62和安全门,当列车出现超量漏气时可以采用冗 余技术可靠发出信号, 迅速打开顶部安全通气塞 62, 空气充入低压管道, 使列车周围低压管 道与大气相通, 也有利于列车快速减速, 人员可以从附近的安全门安全疏散, 确保乘客安全。
以上所述, 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此, 任何 熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内, 根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构 思加以等同替换或改变, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 主要由磁悬浮列车 (5)、 驱动系统、 悬浮系统、 定位导向系统、 磁浮轨道 (6)、 低压管道 (1 )和封隔闸门 (46)所组成, 低压管 道 (1 ) 包括密封罩 (2)、 旁通管道 (3)、 加强筋 (11 )、 轨道路基 (64), 其特征在于: 所述驱动系统采用直线永磁驱动系统 (83), 直线永磁驱动系统 (83) 的螺线转子 (12) 与螺线定子同轴设置; 悬浮系统采用永磁悬浮系统 (78 ); 所述磁浮轨道 (6) 包括定位导向 轨道 (66)、 衔铁轨道 (79) 和驱动轨道 (65); 直线永磁驱动系统 (83) 和悬浮系统 (78) 上下或水平布置, 设置在定位导向系统的内侧或外侧; 定位导向系统包括常规轮轨的定位导 向轨道 (66)、 车轮 (84) 和限位轮 (80), 在定位导向轨道 (66) 的外侧或内侧设置驱动轨 道(65)和衔铁轨道(79), 所述驱动轨道(65) 由钢质导磁材料的螺线定子组成, 所述衔铁 轨道 (79) 安装在驱动轨道 (65) 的下方或水平方向。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 永磁驱动轮轨磁悬浮列车(5)在转向架(88)的底部设置车轮支架(82), 车轮支架(82) 上设置驱动支架 (81 ), 驱动支架 (81 ) 或车轮支架 (82)上设置永磁驱动系统 (83)和永磁 悬浮系统(78); 永磁悬浮系统 (78) 内部设置永久强磁体, 处于衔铁轨道 (79) 的下方; 永 磁驱动系统(83) 内部设置可旋转的的螺线转子 (12), 螺线转子 (12)外表设置按螺旋线排 布的永久强磁体; 轨道护堤 (76) 设置于定位导向轨道 (66) 的外侧或内侧, 其上设置驱动 轨道 (65 ), 所述驱动轨道 (65 ) 或轨道路基 (64) 的顶端设置悬浮轨道托架 (85); 所述衔 铁轨道 (79) 安装在悬浮轨道托架 (85) 的下方。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 在磁悬浮列车的列车门 (7) 内设置伸縮滑套 (97) 或在旁通管道 (3)内设置伸縮通道 (4), 所述伸縮滑套 (97) 或伸縮通道 (4) 的横截面是圆形、 方形或封闭的弧形, 两者分别在其一 端设置伸縮门套 (98) 或弧面门套 (19), 所述伸縮门套 (98) 或弧面门套 (19) 与列车或低 压管道(1 ) 的两侧壁弧面相吻合, 在伸縮门套(98)或弧面门套(19) 内设置夹层空间 (30) 和拉门机构 (31 ), 在夹层空间 (30) 内再设置通道拉门 (22), 通道拉门 (22) 与伸縮门套 (98)或弧面门套 ( 19)滑动连接或通过门轴 (43)铰接, 在伸縮门套 (98)或弧面门套 (19) 的门框周边设置防护槽 (28), 在防护槽 (28) 内安装有伸縮框 (29), 伸縮框 (29) 与防护 槽 (28) 滑动连接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 所述磁悬浮列车的车厢(9)和伸縮通道(4)与旁通管道(3)之间设置车厢密封节(89) 或波纹伸縮节 (27), 所述车厢密封节 (89) 和波纹伸縮节 (27)的纵向截面为波纹形状、 锯齿 形或方波形; 在波纹伸縮节 (27) 的两端设置的波纹节法兰 (26)分别与伸縮门法兰 (16) 通 道法兰(13)相连接; 波纹伸縮节(27)的一端设置传动机构; 所述传动机构包括电机(22)、 丝杠 (23) 和螺母 (32) 或包括伸縮缸 (28) 和柱塞 (29); 所述伸縮通道 (4) 与旁通管道 (3) 之间安装有通道密封圈座 (17), 在通道密封圈座 (17) 上装有通道密封圈 (18)。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 所述伸縮门套 (98) 或弧面门套 (19)的门框上设置永磁吸盘 (20) 和吸盘密封条 (35); 所述永磁吸盘 (20) 具有两种形式:
一种是翻转式永磁吸盘, 包括吸盘边框 (36) 和吸盘单元, 所述吸盘边框 (36) 的圆弧 槽内安装永磁瓣轴 (39); 所述永磁瓣轴 (39) 为中间开槽的圆柱体, 其内设置两侧为平面的 强永磁体 (42), 其两端由万向节 (40) 相连接; 永磁吸盘 (20) 在伸縮通道 (4) 与列车门 (7) 衔接处设置磁隙开口 (37);
另一种是滑移式永磁吸盘, 包括吸盘边框 (36)、 固定磁板 (104)、 滑动磁板 (105); 所 述固定磁板 (104) 呈直线或圆弧形, 由集磁铁芯 (101 ) 和强永磁体 (42) 交错排布而成, 所述强永磁体(42)的磁极同极相对等间距交错排布;所述滑动磁板(105)包括导磁滑板(102) 和强永磁体(42), 所述导磁滑板(102) 上等间距开槽, 槽内设置强永磁体 (42), 其磁极异 极相对等间距交错排布; 所述导磁滑板(102) 的两端连接驱动装置, 在驱动装置的驱动下滑 动磁板 (105) 与固定磁板 (104) 之间能够产生相对滑移。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 在伸縮门套 (98) 的滑动车门 (100) 和弧面门套 (19)的通道拉门 (22) 之间具有封闭的 过渡空间 (23), 所述过渡空间 (23)通过阀门和管道与真空室相连, 所述真空室的容积大于 过渡空间 (23);
所述真空室与低压管道 (1 ) 的氧气含量为 60%以上。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 在低压管道 (1 ) 内部设置两道封隔门板 (47), 所述两道封隔门板 (47) 之间设置升降 闸门 (46), 所述升降闸门 (46) 包括隔门边框 (50) 和单层或双层封隔盘 (52), 隔门边框 (50) 上部或水平设置轨道切片 (51 )。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 在低压管道 (1 ) 管壁周围设置填充气囊 (68), 填充气囊 (68) 为柔性缆绳缠绕卷杠形 式或长筒状气囊的一端缠绕卷杠形式; 所述柔性缆绳缠绕卷杠形式的填充气囊内部固定连接 柔性缆绳 (69), 柔性缆绳 (69) 的另一端连接在卷杠 (70) 上。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 在低压管道 (1 ) 或旁通管道 (3) 内固定连接波形环状波形门框 (57), 波形门框 (57) 通过门轴 (43) 铰接弧面隔门 (56), 弧面隔门 (56) 为圆弧面形状并与波形门框 (57)的弧面 相吻合。
10、根据权利要求 3所述的一种富氧低压管道永磁驱动轮轨磁浮车路系统, 其特征在于: 列车在车厢出口处设置车门滑道(95), 车门滑道(95)截面形状为圆形或椭圆形, 车门 滑道(95)内滑动连接伸縮滑套(97),两者截面形状相吻合;伸縮滑套(97)与车门滑道(95) 之间设置滑套密封圈 (96), 滑套密封圈 (96)镶嵌在密封槽内; 车门滑道 (95) 的内部设置 车门通道护套(94); 伸縮滑套(97)设有与车门通道护套(94)的截面形状相同的通道护套; 伸縮滑套 (97)末端连接伸縮门套 (98); 伸縮门套 (98)内滑动连接有滑动车门 (100); 伸縮门 套 (98)的开门处四周还设置伸縮门框 (99), 伸縮滑套 (97)与车门滑道 (95)之间设有车门伸縮装 置 (93), 伸縮门套 (98)的外弧面与站台管道的管道门套 (90)的内弧面吻合。
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