Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D487/18—Bridged systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D491/18—Bridged systems

Definitions

• the disclosure generally relates to the novel compounds of formula I, including their salts, which have activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are useful in treating those infected with HCV.
• HCV hepatitis C virus
• the disclosure also relates to compositions and methods of using these compounds.
• HCV Hepatitis C virus
• HCV is a positive-stranded RNA virus. Based on a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the extensive similarity in the 5 '-untranslated region, HCV has been classified as a separate genus in the Flaviviridae family. All members of the Flaviviridae family have enveloped virions that contain a positive stranded RNA genome encoding all known virus-specific proteins via translation of a single, uninterrupted, open reading frame.
• HCV RNA genome is approximately 9500 nucleotides in length and has a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a single large polyprotein of about 3000 amino acids. In infected cells, this polyprotein is cleaved at multiple sites by cellular and viral proteases to produce the structural and non-structural (NS) proteins.
• ORF open reading frame
• NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B are effected by two viral proteases.
• the first one is believed to be a metalloprotease and cleaves at the NS2-NS3 junction; the second one is a serine protease contained within the N-terminal region of NS 3 (also referred to as NS3 protease) and mediates all the subsequent cleavages downstream of NS3 , both in cis, at the NS3-NS4A cleavage site, and in trans, for the remaining NS4A-NS4B, NS4B-NS5 A, NS5A-NS5B sites.
• the NS4A protein appears to serve multiple functions, acting as a cofactor for the NS3 protease and possibly assisting in the membrane localization of NS3 and other viral replicase components.
• the complex formation of the NS3 protein with NS4A seems necessary to the processing events, enhancing the proteolytic efficiency at all of the sites.
• the NS 3 protein also exhibits nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA helicase activities.
• NS5B (also referred to as HCV polymerase) is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is involved in the replication of HCV.
• the HCV NS5B protein is described in "Structural Analysis of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerase in Complex with Ribonucleotides (Bressanelli; S . et al., Journal of Virology 2002, 3482-3492; and Defrancesco and Rice, Clinics in Liver Disease 2003, 7, 211-242.
• HCV-796 an HCV NS5B inhibitor
• HCV-796 showed an ability to reduce HCV RNA levels in patients.
• the viral RNA levels decreased transiently and then rebounded during dosing when treatment was with the compound as a single agent but levels dropped more robustly when combined with the standard of care which is a form of interferon and ribavirin.
• the development of this compound was suspended due to hepatic toxicity observed during exteneded dosing of the combination regimens.
• US patent 7,265,152 and the corresponding PCT patent application WO2004/041201 A2 describe compounds of the HCV-796 class.
• the invention provides technical advantages, for example, the compounds are novel and are effective against hepatitis C. Additionally, the compounds provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanism of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability.
• One aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I
• R 1 is CO 2 R 5 or CONR 6 R 7 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy, benzyloxy, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;
• R 4 is cycloalkyl
• R 5 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkylSO 2 , alkenyISO 2> cycloalkylSO 2 , haloalkylSO 2 , (R 9 ) 2 NSO 2j or (R 10 )SO 2 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R s is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, h.aloalkyl > alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylSO 2 , cycloalkylSO 2 , haloalkylS0 2 , aminocarbonyl, (alkylamino)carbonyl, (dialkylamino)carbonyl, R 1 1 CO, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, or pyridinyl;
• R is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl
• R 10 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, or homomorpholinyl and is substituted with 0-3 alkyl substituents
• R 11 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, or homomorpholinyl and is substituted with 0-3 alkyl substituents;
• X is absent, a bond, or methylene
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where
• R 1 is CO 2 R 5 or CONR 6 R 7 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl., alkenyl, hydroxy, benzyloxy, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;
• R 4 is cycloalkyl
• 5 5 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkylSO 2 , alkenylSO 2 , cycloalkylSO 2 , haloalkylSO 2 , (R 9 ) 2 NSO 2 , or (R 10 )SO 2 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylSO 2 , cycloaIkylSO2, haloalkylSO 2 , aminocarbonyl, (alkylamino)carbonyl,
• R 9 is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl
• R 10 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, or homomorpholinyl and is substituted with 0-3 alkyl substituents
• R 11 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, or homomorpholinyl and is substituted with 0-3 alkyl substituents;
• X is absent, a bond, or methylene
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where
• R 1 is CONR 6 R 7 ;
• R 3 is alkoxy
• R 4 is cycloalkyl
• R 6 is alkylSO 2 , alkenylSO 2 , cycloalkylSO 2 , or (R 9 ) 2 NSO 2 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen
• R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylSO 2 , aminocarbonyl, (alkylamino)carbonyl, (dialkylamino)carbonyl, or (R 1 ')CO;
• R 9 is alkyl
• X is absent, a bond, or methylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where
• R 1 is CONR 6 R 7 ;
• R 3 is methoxy
• R 4 is cyclohexyl
• R 6 is isopropylSO 2 , isobutylSO 2 , isopropenylS02, cyclopropylSO 2 , or (Me) 2 NSO 2 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen
• R 8 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoroethyl, ethoxyethyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, isopropylSO 2 , (methylamino)carbonyl, (dimethylamino)carbonyl, (diisopropylamino)carbonyl, (pyrrolidinyl)CO, and (morpholinyl)CO; and
• X is absent, a bond, or methylene
• R 1 is CONR 6 R 7 ;
• R 6 is alkylSO 2 , cycloalkylSO 2 , haloalkylSO 2 , (R 9 ) 2 NSO 2 , or (R 10 )SO 2 ; and
• R 7 is hydrogen.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 2 is
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 3 is hydrogen.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 3 is methoxy.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 4 is cyciohexyl.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 6 is (R 9 )iNS ⁇ 2 or (R I0 )SO 2 .
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 6 is (dimethylamino)S ⁇ 2.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 6 is alkylSC>2.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 6 is isopropylSC>2.
• R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylSC>2, cycloalkylSO 2 , haloalkylSO 2 , amraocarbonyl, (alkylamino)carbonyl, (dialkylamino)carbonyl, (R 1 ⁇ CO, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, or pyridinyl.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R 8 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoroethyl, ethoxyethyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, isopropylSO ⁇ , (methylamino)carbonyl, (dimethylamino)carbonyl, (diisopropylamino)carbonyl, (pyrrolidinyl)CO, or (morpholinyl)CO.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where X is methylene.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where X is a bond.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where X is absent.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I according to the following stereochemistry.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I according to the following stereochemistry.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I according to the following stereochemistry.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I according to the following stereochemistry.
• any scope of any variable including R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R !0 , R 1 ! , or X can be used independently with the scope of any other instance of a variable.
• Alkyl means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 1 to 6 carbons.
• Alkenyl means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 2 to 6 carbons with at least one double bond.
• Cycloalkyl means a monocyclic ring system composed of 3 to 7 carbons.
• Hydroalkyl means a straight and branched isomers composed of 1 to 6 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety.
• Haloalkyl and haloalkoxy include all halogenated isomers from monohalo substituted alkyl to perhalo substituted alkyl.
• Aryl includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic substituents. Parenthetic and multiparenthetic terms are intended to clarify bonding relationships to those skilled in the art. For example, a term such as ((R)alkyl) means an alkyl substituent further substituted with the substituent R.
• the invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. These salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents.
• anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, camsylate, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobrornide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate.
• Some cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.
• the invention includes all stereoisomeric forms, including enantiomers and diastereomers as well as mixtures of stereoisomers such as racemates. Some stereoisomers can be made using methods known in the art. Stereoisomeric mixtures of the compounds and related intermediates can be separated into individual isomers according to methods commonly known in the art. The use of wedges or hashes in the depictions of molecular structures in the following schemes and tables is intended only to indicate relative stereochemistry, and should not be interpreted as implying absolute stereochemical assignments.
• the invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds.
• Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include deuterium and tritium.
• Isotopes of carbon include 13 C and 14 C.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed. Such compounds may have a variety of potential uses, for example as standards and reagents in determining biological activity. In the case of stable isotopes, such compounds may have the potential to favorably modify biological, pharmacological, or pharmacokinetic properties.
• the compounds may be made by methods known in the art including those described below. Some reagents and intermediates are known in the art. Other reagents and intermediates can be made by methods known in the art using commercially available materials.
• the variables (e.g. numbered "R" substituents) used to describe the synthesis of the compounds are intended only to illustrate how to make and are not to be confused with variables used in the claims or in other sections of the specification. Abbreviations used within the schemes generally follow conventions used in the art.
• Methyl l-bromo-3-cyclohexyl-1H-indole-6-carboxylate can be hydrolyzed to 2-bromo-3-cyclohexyl-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid (See Scheme 1).
• This compound can be condensed with a variety of sulfonyl ureas, using for example, 1,1'- carbonyldiimidazole in combination with 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in anhydrous THF.
• acyl sulfamides can be subjected to known coupling reactions with a diversity of 2-formyl boronic acids or esters, using for example, Suzuki coupling conditions, to provide cyclic hemiaminal intermediates of the type depicted.
• These compounds can be converted to indolobenzazepines derivatives by treatment with methyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)acrylate under the influence of cesium carbonate in DMF via consecutive Michael and Homer Emmons reactions.
• fused cyclopropyl ester derivatives can be generated by methods known in the art, including treatment of the indolobenzazepine esters with trimethyl sulfoxonium iodide under strongly basic conditions in DMSO.
• the residual aliphatic ester moiety in the resultant fused cyclopropanes can be hydrolyzed and the product acids can be condensed with a variety of alkyl-bridged piperazines.
• O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N, N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate and diisopropyl ethyl amine in DMSO can give alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides.
• N-protected piperazines can also be coupled to the intermediate indolobenzazepine acids and the resultant piperazine carboxamides can be deprotected using methods known in the art and derivatized using a variety of synthetic protocols, some illustrative examples of which are shown below where W is a diamine (See Scheme 2). Scheme 2.
• This methodology involves base catalyzed hydrolysis of the indole methyl ester shown, followed by its reaction with either thionyl chloride and potassium tertiary butoxide, or alkylation with silver carbonate and tertiary butyl bromides.
• the resultant compound can be transformed using chemistry analogous to that outlined previously to provide the mixed ester indolobenzazepines shown above.
• O-(1H-benzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N, N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate and diisopropyl ethyl amine in DMSO can give the alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides.
• stereoisomeric mixtures Some examples exist as stereoisomeric mixtures.
• the invention encompasses all stereoisomers of the compounds. Methods of fractionating stereoisomeric mixtures are well known in the art, and include but are not limited to; preparative chiral supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An example using this approach is shown in scheme 6.
• Some diastereomeric amides can be separated using reverse phase HPLC. After hydroysis, the resultant optically active acids can be coupled with bridged piperazine derivatives (Scheme 8).
• Scheme 8 O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N, N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate and diisopropyl ethyl amine in DMSO can be used to give the alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides.
• Other standard acid amine coupling methods can also be used to give optically active carboxamides.
• the starting dibroinide can be prepared using the method published in
• HCV NS5B RdRp cloning, expression, and purification The cDNA encoding the NS5B protein of HCV, genotype Ib, was cloned into the ⁇ ET21a expression vector. The protein was expressed with an 18 amino acid C-terminal truncation to enhance the solubility.
• the E. coli competent cell line BL21(DE3) was used for expression of the protein. Cultures were grown at 37 °C for ⁇ 4 hours until the cultures reached an optical density of 2.0 at 600 nm, The cultures were cooled to 20 °C and induced with 1 mM IPTG. Fresh ampicillin was added to a final concentration of 50 ⁇ g/ml and the cells were grown overnight at 20 °C.
• Cell pellets (3L) were lysed for purification to yield 15-24 mgs of purified NS5B.
• the lysis buffer consisted of 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 500 mM NaCl, 0.5% triton X-IOO, 1 mM DTT, ImM EDTA, 20% glycerol, 0.5 mg/ml lysozyme, 10 mM MgC12, 15 ug/ml deoxyribonuclease I, and Complete TM protease inhibitor tablets (Roche). After addition of the lysis buffer, frozen cell pellets were resuspended using a tissue homogenizer.
• aliquots of the lysate were sonicated on ice using a microtip attached to a Branson sonicator.
• the sonicated lysate was centrifuged at 100,000 x g for lhr at 4 °C and filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter unit (Corning).
• the protein was purified using three sequential chromatography steps:
• Heparin sepharose CL-6B, polyU sepharose 4B, and Hitrap SP sepharose (Pharmacia).
• the chromatography buffers were identical to the lysis buffer but contained no lysozyme, deoxyribomiclease I, MgC12 or protease inhibitor and the NaCl concentration of the buffer was adjusted according to the requirements for charging the protein onto the column.
• Each column was eluted with a NaCl gradient which varied in length from 5-50 column volumes depending on the column type.
• the resulting purity of the enzyme is >90% based on SDS-PAGE analysis.
• the enzyme was aliquoted and stored at -80 °C.
• HCV RdRp genotype Ib assays were run in a final volume of 60 ⁇ l in 96 well plates (Costar 3912), The assay buffer is composed of 20 niM Hepes, pH 7.5, 2.5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgC12, 1 mM DTT, 1.6 U RNAse inhibitor (Promega N2515), 0.1 mg/ml BSA (Promega R3961), and 2 % glycerol. All compounds were serially diluted (3-fold) in DMSO and diluted further in water such that the final concentration of DMSO in the assay was 2%.
• HCV RdRp genotype Ib enzyme was used at a final concentration of 28 nM.
• a polyA template was used at 6 nM, and a biotinylated oligo-dT12 primer was used at 180 nM final concentration. Template was obtained commercially (Amersham 27- 4110).
• Biotinylated primer was prepared by Sigma Genosys. 3H-UTP was used at 0.6 ⁇ Ci (0.29 ⁇ M total UTP). Reactions were initiated by the addition of enzyme, incubated at 30 °C for 60 min, and stopped by adding 25 ⁇ l of 50 mM EDTA containing SPA beads (4 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l, Amersham RPNQ 0007). Plates were read on a Packard Top Count NXT after >1hr incubation at room temperature.
• Modified HCV NS5B RdRp enzyme assay A modified enzyme assay was performed essentially as described for the standard enzyme assay except for the following: The biotinylated oligo dT12 primer was precaptured on streptavidin- coated SPA beads by mixing primer and beads in assay buffer and incubating at room temperature for one hour. Unbound primer was removed after centrifugation. The primer-bound beads were resuspended in 20 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.5 and used in the assay at final concentrations of 20 nM primer and 0.67 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l beads.
• enzyme 14 nM was added to diluted compound followed by the addition of a mixture of template (0.2 nM) , 3H-UTP (0.6 ⁇ Ci, 0.29 ⁇ M), and primer-bound beads, to initiate the reaction; concentrations given are final. Reactions were allowed to proceed for 4 hours at 30° C.
• FRET Assay Preparation. To perform the HCV FRET screening assay, 96- well cell culture plates were used.
• the FRET peptide (Anaspec, Inc.) (Taliani et al., Anal Biochem. 1996, 240, 60-67) contains a fluorescence donor, EDANS, near one end of the peptide and an acceptor, DABCYL, near the other end.
• the fluorescence of the peptide is quenched by intermolecular resonance energy transfer (RET) between the donor and the acceptor, but as the NS3 protease cleaves the peptide the products are released from RET quenching and the fluorescence of the donor becomes apparent.
• RET intermolecular resonance energy transfer
• the assay reagent was made as follows: 5X cell Luciferase cell culture lysis reagent from Promega (#E153A) diluted to IX with dH 2 O, NaCl added to 150 mM final, the FRET peptide diluted to 20 ⁇ M final from a 2 mM stock.
• HCV replicon cells with or without a Renilla luciferase reporter gene, were trypsinized and placed into each well of a 96-well plate with titrated test compounds added in columns 3 through 12; columns 1 and 2 contained a control compound (HCV protease inhibitor), and the bottom row contained cells without compound.
• the plates were then placed in a CO 2 incubator at 37 °C.
• the signal to noise using an endpoint analysis after the reads was at least three-fold.
• plates were rinsed with PBS, 50 ul of DMEM (high glucose) without phenol red was added and plates were then used for luciferase assay using the Promega Dual-Glo Luciferase Assay System.
• Compound analysis was determined by quantification of the relative HCV replicon inhibition and the relative cytotoxicity values.
• cytoxicity values the average Alamar Blue fluorescence signals from the control wells were set as 100% non-toxic. The individual signals in each of the compound test wells were then divided by the average control signal and multiplied by 100% to determine percent cytotoxicity.
• HCV replicon inhibition values an average background value was obtained from the two wells containing the highest amount of HCV protease inhibitor at the end of the assay period. These numbers were similar to those obtained from na ⁇ ve Huh-7 cells.
• the background numbers were then subtracted from the average signal obtained from the control wells and this number was used as 100% activity.
• the individual signals in each of the compound test wells were then divided by the averaged control values after background subtraction and multiplied by 100% to determine percent activity.
• ECso values for a protease inhibitor titration were calculated as the concentration which caused a 50% reduction in FRET or luciferase activity.
• the two numbers generated for the compound plate, percent cytoxicity and percent activity were used to determine compounds of interest for further analysis.
• HCV Replicon Luciferase Reporter Assay (LE Assay in Table)
• the HCV replicon luciferase assay was developed to monitor the inhibitory effects of compounds described in the disclosure on HCV viral replication. Utilization of a replicon luciferase reporter assay was first described by Krieger et al (Krieger N, Lohmann V, and Bartenschlager R, J. Virol. 75(10):4614-4624 (2001)). HUH.-7 cells, constitutively expressing the HCV replicon, were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) (Gibco-BRL) containing 10% Fetal calf serum (FCS) (Sigma) and 1 mg/ml G418 (Gibco-BRL).
• DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media
• FCS Fetal calf serum
• G418 G418
• the plates were incubated for 2 hrs at 37°C and then read immediately for 30 seconds with Viewlux Imager (PerkinElmer) using a luminescence program.
• CC 5O values were generated by multiplexing the EnduRen-containing plates with Cell Titer-Blue (Promega, cat # G8082). 3 ⁇ l of Cell-Titer Blue was added to each well and incubated for 8 hrs at 37°C. The fluorescence signal from each well was read, with an excitation wavelength at 525/10 nm and an emission wavelength of 598/10 Dm, using the Viewlux Imager.
• compositions comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• compositions further comprising a compound having anti-HCV activity.
• Another aspect of the invention is a composition where the compound having anti-HCV activity is an interferon.
• the interferon is selected from interferon alpha 2B, pegylated interferon alpha, consensus interferon, interferon alpha 2A, and lymphoblastoid interferon tau.
• compositions where the compound having anti-HCV activity is a cyclosporin.
• cyclosporin is cyclosporin A,
• compositions where the compound having anti-HCV activity is selected from the group consisting of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 12, a compound that enhances the development of a type 1 helper T cell response, interfering RNA, anti-sense RNA, Imiqimod, ribavirin, an inosine 5'- monophospate dehydrogenase inhibitor, amantadine, and rimantadine.
• Another aspect of the invention is a composition where the compound having anti-HCV activity is effective to inhibit the function of a target selected from HCV metalloprotease, HCV serine protease, HCV polymerase, HCV helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress, HCV NS5 A protein, IMPDH, and a nucleoside analog for the treatment of an HCV infection.
• a target selected from HCV metalloprotease, HCV serine protease, HCV polymerase, HCV helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress, HCV NS5 A protein, IMPDH, and a nucleoside analog for the treatment of an HCV infection.
• compositions comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an interferon and ribavirin.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method of inhibiting the function of the HCV replicon comprising contacting the HCV replicon with a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method of inhibiting the function of the HCV NS5B protein comprising contacting the HCV NS5B protein with a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating an HCV infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is effective to inhibit the function of the HCV replicon.
• the compound is effective to inhibit the function of the HCV NS5B protein.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating an HCV infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in conjunction with (prior to, after, or concurrently) another compound having anti-HCV activity.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the other compound having anti-HCV activity is an interferon.
• interferon is selected from interferon alpha 2B, pegylated interferon alpha, consensus interferon, interferon alpha 2 A, and lymphoblastoid interferon tau.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the other compound having anti-HCV activity is a cyclosporin.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the cyclosporin is cyclosporin A.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the other compound having anti-HCV activity is selected from interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 12, a compound that enhances the development of a type 1 helper T cell response, interfering RNA, anti-sense RNA, Imiqimod, ribavirin, an inosine S'-monophospate dehydrogenase inhibitor, amantadine, and rimantadine.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the other compound having anti-HCV activity is effective to inhibit the function of a target selected from the group consisting of HCV metalloprotease, HCV serine protease, HCV polymerase, HCV helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress, HCV NS5A protein, IMPDH, and a nucleoside analog for the treatment of an HCV infection.
• a target selected from the group consisting of HCV metalloprotease, HCV serine protease, HCV polymerase, HCV helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress, HCV NS5A protein, IMPDH, and a nucleoside analog for the treatment of an HCV infection.
• Another aspect of the invention is the method where the other compound having anti-HCV activity is effective to inhibit the function of target in the HCV life cycle other than the HCV NS5B protein.
• “Therapeutically effective” means the amount of agent required to provide a meaningful patient benefit as understood by practitioners in the field of hepatitis and HCV infection.
• Patient means a person infected with the HCV virus and suitable for therapy as understood by practitioners in the field of hepatitis and HCV infection.
• compositions comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may contain conventional excipients.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those conventionally known carriers having acceptable safety profiles.
• Compositions encompass all common solid and liquid forms including for example capsules, tablets, losenges, and powders as well as liquid suspensions, syrups, elixers, and solutions.
• Compositions are made using common formulation techniques, and conventional excipients (such as binding and wetting agents) and vehicles (such as water and alcohols) are generally used for compositions. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 17th edition, 1985.
• compositions are normally formulated in dosage units and compositions providing from about 1 to 1000 mg of the active ingredient per dose are preferred. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg. Generally, other agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 0.25-1000 mg/unit.
• Liquid compositions are usually in dosage unit ranges. Generally, the liquid composition will be in a unit dosage range of 1-100 mg/mL. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Generally, other agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 1-100 mg/mL.
• the invention encompasses all conventional modes of administration; oral and parenteral methods are preferred.
• the dosing regimen will be similar to other agents used clinically.
• the daily dose will be 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily.
• more compound is required orally and less parenterally.
• the specific dosing regime will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.
• the invention also encompasses methods where the compound is given in combination therapy. That is, the compound can be used in conjunction with, but separately from, other agents useful in treating hepatitis and HCV infection.
• the compound will generally be given in a daily dose of 1 - 100 mg/kg body weight daily in conjunction with other agents.
• the other agents generally will be given in the amounts used therapeutically.
• the specific dosing regime will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.
• the reaction solution was stirred at 0-5 °C for 2.5h, and washed with sat. aq. NaHSO 3 (1 L), 1 N HCl (1 L) and brine (1 L).
• the organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated.
• the resulting red oil was diluted with Et 2 O and concentrated.
• the resulting pink solid was dissolved into Et 2 ⁇ (200 mL) treated with hexanes (300 mL) and partially concentrated. The solids were collected by filtration and rinsed with hexanes. The mother liquor was concentrated to dryness and the procedure repeated.
• the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice/H2O bath to ⁇ 2 °C, neutralized with IM HCl ( ⁇ 650 mL) (added at such a rate that temperature did not exceed 5 °C), diluted with H2O (1 L) and stirred while warming to ambient temperature.
• the precipitates were collected by filtration rinsed with H2O and dried to yield the mono THF solvate of 1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid, 2-bromo-3- cyclohexyl- (135.5 g, 345 mmol, 99%) as a yellow solid, which was used without further purification.
• N,N-Dimethylsulfamide (0.94 g, 7.56 mmol) was added followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of DBU (1.34 g ,8.8 mmol) in THF (4 mL). Stirring was continued for 24 hr. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute HCl. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with water followed by brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The extract was concentrated to dryness to leave the title product as a pale yellow friable foam, (2.0 g, 74 %, >90 % purity , estimated from NMR).
• N,N- dimethylaminosulfonamide (41.7 g, 0.336 mol) was added in one portion followed by addition of DBU (54.1 mL, 0.362 mol) drop wise over a period of 1 h.
• the reaction mixture was then stirred at rt for 20 h.
• the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl (1 : 1, 2 L).
• the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (500 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine (1.5 L) and dried over MgSO4.
• the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (111.0 g).
• the crude product was suspended in EtOAc (400 mL) at 60 oC. To the suspension was added heptane (2 L) slowly. The resulting suspension was stirred and cooled to 0 oC. It was then filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with small amount of heptane and house vacuum air dried for 2 days. The product was collected as a white solid (92.0 g, 83%).
• the reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and water, and then acidified with an excess of dilute HCl.
• the ethyl acetate layer was then collected and washed with dilute HCl, water and brine.
• the organic solution was then dried (magnesium sulfate), filtered and concentrated to give a gum.
• the gum was diluted with hexanes (250 ml) and ethyl acetate (25 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 20 hr at 22° C during which time the product was transformed into a bright yellow granular solid (4.8 g) which was used directly without further purification.
• reaction solution was flushed with nitrogen and heated at 70 °C (internal monitoring) overnight and then cooled to rt.
• the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (1 L) and EtOH (100 mL), washed carefully with IN aqueous HCl (1 L) and brine (500 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated.
• HPLC conditions column Phenomenoex Synergi Polar-RP 4 um 4.6 x 50 mm; UV: 220 nm; gradient time: 4 min; flow rate: 4 mL/rnin, 75 - 100% B; solvent A: 10% MeOH/90% H 2 O with 0.2% H 3 PO 4 , solvent B: 90% MeOH/10% H 2 O with 0.2% H 3 PO 4 .
• GC analysis CH 2 Cl 2 4.94%; Anal.
• the reaction mixture was heated at 12O°C under microwave conditions for 1 hr. It was then concentrated, acidified with cone. HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate twice (2X 30 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried (MgS ⁇ 4 ), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to an orange oil. The crude product was then purified by Prep. HPLC column to afford the product a light yellow solid, (80 mg, 64% yield). Average specific rotation -130.85°; Solvent MeOH; Wavelength 589 nm; 50 cm cell. MS m/ 552(MH + ), Retention time: 3.760 min.
• the following procedure is an example of a method to effect the resolution of racemic cycloprop[d]indolo[2,l-a][2]benzazepine-la,5(2H)-dicarboxylic acid, 8- cyclohexyl-l,12b-dihydro-l l-methoxy-, 5 ⁇ (l,l-dimethylethyl) la-methyl ester, (+/-).
• Neat CDI (0.049 g, 0.302 mmol) was added to stirred solution of the acid (0.092 g, 0.200 mmol) in THF ( 1 ml) and the mixture was heated at 50 °C for 30 min and then allowed to cool to rt. Then N-cyclopropyl-N-methylsulfamide (0.0451 g, 0.300 mmol) and DBU (0.060 ml, 0.400 mmol) were added consecutively. The mixture sonicated for 1-2 hand then stirred overnight at rt.
• the acid (0.22g, 87%) was made from the ester (0.258 g, 0.435 mmol) using NaOH in THF/MeOH. The acid was isolated as a pale yellow solid.
• LC-MS retention time 3.608min; MS m/z (M+H) 580.
• LC/MS method Start % B: 0, Final % B: 100; Gradient time: 3 min; Stop time: 4 min; Flow rate: 4 ml/min; Wavelenth: 220; Solvent A: 10% MeOH / 90% H 2 O / 0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid; Solvent B: 10% H 2 O / 90% MeOH / 0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid; Column: XBridge 4.6 x 50 mm S5.
• the product was purified by prep HPLC and isolated as a beige solid.
• the product was purified by prep HPLC and isolated in mono TFA salt form as a beige solid LC/MS: Retention time: 1.687 min; m/e 607 (MH + ).
• 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) The compound was observed to exist as inter-converting rotamers.
• prop-l-ene-2-sulfonamide A 0.5 M solution of prop-1-en-2-ylmagnesium bromide (20 mL 10.0 mmol) in Et 2 O was added slowly to a stirring solution of sulfuryl dichloride (1.6 mL, 20 mmol) in hexanes (20 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was slowly allowed to warm to rt and stirred 16h. The reaction was quenched with water (40 mL), the layers separated and the organic layer was concentrated to a clear liquid. The residue was dissolved into THF (30 mL), cooled to 0° C and treated with ammonia (-10 mL) using a cold finger (-70 °C).
• CDI (243 mg, 1.501 mmol) was added to a solution of (laJ?,12b5)-8-cyclohexyl-la- (ethoxycarbonyl)-l 1 -methoxy-1 , 1 a,2 ,12b-tetrahydrocyclopropa[ ⁇ fjindolo[2,l - ⁇ ][2]benzazepine-5-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 13) (474 mg, 1.00 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 1 h.
• 3a, 6a-bis(Iodomethyl)-2, 5-bis((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4- c] pyrrole A suspension of 3a,6a-bis(bromomethyl)-2,5-bis((4- methylphenylJsulfonylJoctahydropyrrolofS ⁇ -clpyrrole (0.606 g, 1.00 mmol) and potassium iodide (1.66 g, 10.0 mmol) in dry DMF (5 mL) was stirred under N2 at
• the solid was purified on silica gel (Biotage, EtOAc/hexanes (30 % to 50 % EtOAc over 5 CV) followed by a second gradient consisting of a 1 : 1 CH 2 CI 2 : 10 % MeOH in CH 2 CI 2 mixture for 3 CV ramping to only 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 over 10 CV, all fractions collected) to give 2,8-bis((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)tetrahydro-1H,4H--3a,6a- (methanoiminomethano)cyclopenta[c]pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid (0.340 g, 0.674 mmol ; 69.9 % yield) as a white fluffy solid.
• the mixture from the previous step (160 mg, 0.348 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 10 % MeOH in T ⁇ F (1 mL). Palladium 10 % on carbon (18.5 mg, 0.174 mmol) was added to the reaction solution and the mixture was degassed and the flask was backfilled with Ar (3x). Next, the Ar blanketed mixture was degassed and charged with H 2 (3x). The H 2 blanketed mixture was allowed to stir at r.t under a balloon of H 2 overnight. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite rinsing with THF.
• reaction was diluted with MeOH and purified by preparative HPLC (H 2 O-CH 3 CN with 1OmM NH 4 OAc buffer) to yield 8-cyclohexyl- iV-tisobutylsulfonyO-l l-methoxy-la-fS-oxa ⁇ .lO-diazatricyclotS.S.S.O ⁇ undec-?- ylcarbonyl)-l , 1 a,2, 12b-tetrahydrocyclopropa[ ⁇ 2]indolo[2, l- ⁇ ][2]benzazepine-5- carboxamide (34 mg, 0.047 mmol, 53 % yield) as a white solid.
• 9A 8-cyclohexyl ⁇ la-((10 ⁇ ethyl-3-oxa-7J0-diazatricyclo[3J.3.0 1 ' s ]undec ⁇ 7-yl)carbonyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)-ll-methoxy-l, la,2, 12b- tetrahydrocyclopropa[d]indolo[2, 1-aJ [2]benzazepine-5-carboxamide and 9B (homochiral) (IaR, 12bS)-8-cyclohexyl ⁇ la-((l 0-ethyl-3-oxa ⁇ 7, 10- diazatricyclo[33.3.0 l ' 5 ]undec-7-yl)carbonyl)-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)-ll-methoxy- 1, Ia, 2, 12b-tetrahydrocyclopropa[d]
• reaction was diluted with MeOH and purified by preparative HPLC (H 2 O-CH 3 CN with 1OmM NH 4 OAc buffer) to yield product (l ⁇ b ⁇ -la-r ⁇ Sa ⁇ a-SJ-Sa ⁇ a-bisCmethoxymethyO-S- methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c3py ⁇ ⁇ ol-2(1H)-yl)carbonyl)-8 ⁇ cyclohexyl- ⁇ L (isopropenylsulfonyl)- 11 -methoxy- 1 , 1 a,2, 12b-tetrahydrocyclopropa
• reaction was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC (H 2 O-MeOH with 0.1% TFA buffer) to yield product 8-cyclohexyl-iV-(dimethylsulfamoyI)-la-((7, 10-dimethyl-3,7,l 0- triazatricyclo[3.3.3.0 ll5 ]undec-3-yl)carbonyl)-l 1-methoxy-l , 1 a,2, 12b- tetrahydrocyclopropa[ ⁇ /jindolo[2,l- ⁇ ][2]benzazepine-5-carboxamide (8.2 mg, 8.3 ⁇ mol, 41 % yield) as a bright yellow solid.
• HATU (7.6 mg, 0.020 mmol) was added to a solution of 8-cyclohexyI-N-(isobutylsulfonyl)-l 1- methoxy-la-(3-oxa-7,10-diazatricyclo[3.3.3.0 1 ' 5 ]undec-7-ylcarbonyl)-l,la,2,12b- tetrahydrocyclopropa[d]indoloE2,l - ⁇ ][2]benzazepine-5-carboxamide (Example 7A) (9.4 mg, 0.013 mmol) and acetic acid (0.01 mL, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) and TEA (0.05 mL, 0.4 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h.
• reaction was diluted with MeOH, filtered and purified by preparative HPLC (H 2 O-MeOH with 0.1% TFA buffer) to yield product la-((10-acetyl-3-oxa-7,10- diazatricyclo[3.3.3.0 1 ' 5 ]undec-7-yl)carbonyl)-8-cyclohexyl-JV-(isobutylsulfonyl)-l l- methoxy- 1 , 1 a,2, 12b-tetrahydrocyclopropa[d]indolo[2, 1 - ⁇ ][2]benzazepine-5- carboxamide (9.4 mg, 0.011 mmol, 85 % yield) as a tan solid.
• Solvent A 90% Water/ 10% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Solvent B 10% Water/ 90% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Start % B O.
• Final % B 100.
• Solvent A 90% Water/ 10% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Solvent B 10% Water/ 90% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Start % B O.
• Final % B 100.
• Solvent A 90% Water/ 10% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Solvent B 10% Water/ 90% Acetonitrile/ 0.1%TFA.
• Start % B O.
• Final % B 100.
• JaRJ2bS -8-cyclohexyl-N-(isopropylsulfonyl)-Ja-((J0-(isopropylsulfonyl)-3-oxa- 7,J0-diazatricyclo[33.3.0 ⁇ J,5 ⁇ ]undec-7-yl)carbonyl)-JJ-meihoxy-J,Ja,2,J2b- tetrahydrocyclopropafdJindolo&J-aJftJbenza ⁇ epine-S-carboxamide.

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