WO2010095571A1 - 複焦点レンズおよび複焦点眼鏡 - Google Patents
複焦点レンズおよび複焦点眼鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010095571A1 WO2010095571A1 PCT/JP2010/052083 JP2010052083W WO2010095571A1 WO 2010095571 A1 WO2010095571 A1 WO 2010095571A1 JP 2010052083 W JP2010052083 W JP 2010052083W WO 2010095571 A1 WO2010095571 A1 WO 2010095571A1
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- transparent
- lens
- elastic body
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- force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
- G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
- G02C7/085—Fluid-filled lenses, e.g. electro-wetting lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bifocal lens capable of changing a focal length and bifocal glasses equipped with the same, for example, glasses for elderly people who are deteriorating a visual focus adjustment ability, and performing detailed work at hand.
- a bifocal lens capable of changing a focal length
- bifocal glasses equipped with the same for example, glasses for elderly people who are deteriorating a visual focus adjustment ability, and performing detailed work at hand.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention
- the present invention relates to a bifocal lens suitable for application to magnifying glasses used sometimes, and bifocal glasses equipped with a bifocal lens.
- the eyeglasses 10 as shown in FIG. 11 are used, and the lens 11 for a normal life and a hand such as reading a book or sewing are seen.
- the lens 12 is integrated into a single lens, and one of the lenses is used at an eye sight angle so that the object can be clearly seen.
- the lens with the optical axis on the upper side and when looking at things about tens of centimeters, look through the lens with the optical axis on the lower side
- the user moves the eyeball while paying attention to the upper side and the lower side.
- variable focus lens that can adjust the focal length according to the distance to the target object. It is filled with a transparent liquid or gel-like object between two transparent soft elastic bodies, and the focal length is changed by changing the volume of the liquid or gel-like substance (for example, Patent Document 1). 2), or a transparent gel-like substance having a solid lens on one side and encapsulating one side with a transparent soft elastic curtain, and changing the focal length by deformation of the soft elastic curtain (for example, see Patent Document 3). Proposed.
- One is to have a structure that is not easily damaged even when a projectile from outside hits it, and the other is to obtain a bifocal lens that has a simple structure and a stable focal length.
- a transparent and rigid transparent substrate a transparent and elastic transparent rigid body, a transparent fluid sealed between the transparent substrate and the transparent rigid body, and a transparent rigid body.
- a bifocal lens provided with a control mechanism that induces a change in the shape of the elastic body
- a transparent and rigid transparent substrate a transparent and elastic transparent rigid elastic body, a transparent fluid sealed between the transparent substrate and the transparent rigid elastic body
- a third aspect of the present invention is bifocal spectacles using the multifocal lens according to the first or second aspect.
- the two forms of the lens configured by the transparent fluid encapsulated between the transparent base and the transparent rigid elastic body are induced by causing a change in the shape of the transparent rigid elastic body.
- a desired shape (accurate optical property) can be obtained in any of the two forms.
- the two forms obtained by periodically changing the shape of the transparent rigid elastic body.
- desired characteristics acceleration optical characteristics
- the bifocal lens according to claim 1 or 2 is used as a spectacle, and a lens having a wide viewing angle and an accurate lens characteristic is used, Even when a user chases after staring at an object at a different position, the user can use multifocal glasses that can be used without fatigue.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the operating principle of a transparent rigid elastic body, which is one of the constituent elements of the present invention.
- reference numeral 100 denotes a rigid elastic disk, and this rigid elastic disk 100 has a diameter D obtained by cutting out a part of a sphere having a radius R (the meaning of symbols shown here will be described later). It is a dish-shaped disk with a wall thickness t.
- This rigid elastic body has elasticity while being rigid, and is not transparent but steel is common, and it is well known that it is used for leaf springs (in contrast to rubber)
- a soft elastic body typified by the above is called a soft elastic body).
- a general glass is used as a transparent elastic body so as not to exceed the elastic limit, this rigid elastic body is entered.
- plastics are easy to use for the present invention. Among them, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Upolymer (trademark of Unitika) and the like are suitable.
- Fig.2 (a) is the figure which showed the cross section of the center part of the plate-shaped disc 100 shown in Fig.1 (a) from right side.
- the shape of the dish indicated by a solid line is a shape obtained by cutting out a part of a hollow spherical body with a radius R, and is a dish-shaped disk having a diameter D, a bulge amount T at the center with respect to the peripheral part, and a wall thickness t. .
- the shape of the dish indicated by a two-dot chain line is a diagram showing the state of the dish-shaped disk shown in FIG. FIG. 2B conceptually shows the relationship between the force F when this force is applied and the amount of vertical displacement y in the central portion. That is, the force F applied to the horizontal axis of the coordinate is taken, and the displacement y at the center of the dish-shaped disc is taken on the vertical axis.
- the central portion changes as shown in (1) in FIG. 2 (b). That is, it rises in proportion to the force F up to the same position as the edge, and when it reaches the point b slightly exceeding the position of the edge (about the thickness of the disk), it takes c in a stroke while taking the locus of (2). It rises to a point and stabilizes.
- the stable state after this transition is a downward dish state indicated by a two-dot chain line opposite to the upward dish shape in the initial state shown in FIG. 2A (shape of FIG. 1B).
- the central part in this state is at point c, but if a negative force F is applied to this central part, the locus of (3) is taken and descends in proportion to the force F to the same position as the edge, The point descends to point a while taking the locus of (4) at point d slightly exceeding the edge position (about the thickness of the disk), and then returns to the original state and stabilizes.
- the elastic body of the dish-shaped disk has two stable shapes (a concave dish shape on the top and a concave dish shape on the bottom, both of which have a curvature of R).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the basic concept of a bifocal lens configured using a transparent elastic body among the rigid elastic bodies (hereinafter simply referred to as an elastic body) shown in the above-described operation principle.
- the bifocal lens 200 includes a transparent and rigid dish-shaped disc transparent substrate 201 and a transparent disc-shaped disc transparent elastic body 202 having rigid elasticity, and the concave portions thereof face each other so that the edges are spaced apart.
- the shape of the lens is made to coincide with each other, and the function of the lens is generated by filling and enclosing the transparent liquid 203 therebetween.
- the edges of the transparent base 201 and the transparent elastic body 202 have elasticity like rubber, and are soft elasticity that is formed in an annular shape with a letter C-shaped cross section like an automobile or bicycle tire. Sealed with body 204.
- the transparent substrate 201 is made of a transparent resin (such as acrylic or polycarbonate) or transparent glass (however, it may be colored for use in sunglasses).
- the thickness is comparatively thick, such as about 1 mm or more (any thickness may be used as long as the liquid 203 is not deformed when a positive pressure or a negative pressure is applied). Although it may be a lens itself, hereinafter, in order to facilitate the explanation of the essence of the present invention, a description will be given with a constant thickness.
- the main part (the part through which light is transmitted as a lens) is a dish-like disk having a uniform thickness and a curvature of R on the inside, and the edge is provided with a cylindrical projection 206 to form a transparent elastic body.
- the liquid 203 is prevented from leaking from the space 202.
- polycarbonate (PC) is used as a specific material, the optical refractive index is 1.585, and when optical glass BK7 is used, the optical refractive index is 1.518.
- the transparent elastic body 202 is also made of a transparent resin, but it is much thinner than the transparent substrate 201 (in acrylic and polycarbonate, it is better to be about 0.1 mm, but like PET or transparent vinyl chloride) In the case of using such a material, the thickness may be 0.2 mm or more, but this thickness is not absolute and is determined by the relationship with the diameter D, and the characteristics described with reference to FIGS. The thickness obtained can be smaller or larger than the values shown here). It is a dish-shaped disc having a uniform thickness and the same R curvature as the transparent substrate 201. When polycarbonate (PC) is used, the light refractive index is 1.585, and when acrylic is 1.49, the light refractive index of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is about 1.575.
- PC polycarbonate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the liquid 203 is a transparent liquid (water, alcohol, spindle oil, seda oil, etc., which has high fluidity, or oily viscosity, or anything in which an object moves by pressure) and may be colorless or colored. It does not matter if the light is transmitted to some extent.
- the optical refractive index when water is used is 1.333. When ethyl alcohol is used, it becomes 1.362, and when ceda oil is used, it becomes 1.516.
- the elastic body 204 is a soft elastic body such as rubber, and has a C-shaped cross section as an automobile or bicycle tire, and is formed in a ring shape as a whole.
- the transparent base 201 and the transparent elastic body 202 are sandwiched by a constant force at the C-shaped tip, and the transparent elastic body 202 is in a convex state (shown by a solid line in FIG. 4C) or in a concave state (in FIG. 4C, a two-dot chain line). Display), the positional relationship between the transparent substrate 201 and the transparent elastic body 202 is stabilized.
- the transparent elastic body 202 when the transparent elastic body 202 is convex downward as indicated by a solid line 202-a (state 1), the transparent substrate 201, the transparent elastic body 202, and The lens is a biconvex lens having a curvature of R with three of the transparent liquid 203 filled between them.
- the parallel light entering from the direction of LL remains the parallel light after passing through the transparent substrate 201, the transparent elastic body 202, and the liquid 203.
- the respective optical refractive indexes are almost unchanged at about 1.5, so that reflection at the boundary surface is almost eliminated. Even when polycarbonate (PC) or acrylic is used for the transparent substrate 201, the reflection is very small.
- polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a higher elastic modulus may be used for the transparent elastic body 202. However, since the optical refractive index is slightly over 1.5, reflection at the interface is very small.
- the transparent liquid 203 Even if a member having a light refractive index that is significantly different from the light refractive index of the transparent substrate 201 or the transparent elastic body 202 such as water or ethyl alcohol is used for the transparent liquid 203, a light reflection preventing film is formed on the interface, thereby It is possible to configure a lens with good transmittance.
- the operation of the thus configured multifocal lens (a method of making a transition from state 1 to state 2 or causing fiber from state 2 to state 1) will be described with reference to FIG.
- the force that causes the state change will be described by giving it to the center and the periphery of the transparent elastic body 202. That is, to change from state 1 to state 2, the transparent substrate 201 is fixed as shown in FIG. 3, a force F is applied to the center of the transparent elastic body 202, and to change from state 2 to state 1, the transparent substrate 201 is again. And a force F ′ is applied to the peripheral edge z (ring shape) of the transparent elastic body 202 as shown in the figure. At this time, the force applied to the transparent base 201 and the transparent elastic body 202 of the elastic body 204 will be ignored.
- This state is a convex lens. From this state, when the transparent base 201 is fixed and a force F is applied to the central part a of the transparent elastic body 202 from the lower side in the figure, it changes to a substantially central position 202-b indicated by a broken line (at this time).
- the transparent elastic body 202 is in a substantially flat state), and when it is slightly exceeded, it changes to the state 202-c at a stretch.
- the position changes to a position 202-b indicated by a broken line (the transparent elastic body 202 at this time is almost flat) and slightly exceeds it.
- the state changes to 202-a at once. That is, the peripheral edge z rises in proportion to the force F ′ up to the same position as the central portion, and if the position of the central portion is slightly exceeded (about the thickness of the disk), no external force is applied.
- the state returns to the state 202-a (upward dish state in the initial state (state 1)) only by the internal stress of the dish-shaped disk. At this time, it becomes a convex lens.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the peripheral edge is sealed and no liquid leaks even when used for a long time.
- FIG. 4A and 4 (b) are diagrams of the transparent elastic body 302 that deals with liquid leakage at the periphery, and are sectional views at the center of the transparent elastic body 302.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a downward convex state, and the range of A corresponds to 202 shown in FIG. Although the detailed description of the range of C will be described later, this C portion is a portion that is fixed (adhered, fused, or pressed) to the transparent substrate.
- the range of B is a dish-shaped range of A. From the convex shape to the concave shape, or from the concave shape to the convex shape, it gives relief when the expansion force works from the central portion to the peripheral portion z, or C is fixed.
- FIG.4 (b) shows the form at the time of making the same thing as Fig.4 (a) convex upward.
- the parts A, B and C are shown as a single unit, but the rigidity is changed by slightly thinning the B part from the A part, or the A part and the B and C parts are different members, specifically the A part. It is possible to achieve the object more easily by adopting a rigid elastic body and B / C parts as soft elastic bodies.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows that the transparent elastic body described in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) is fixed to the transparent base instead of the transparent elastic body of the bifocal lens shown in FIG. 3 so that the transparent liquid does not leak.
- the replaced transparent elastic body is denoted as 302.
- 301 is a transparent substrate
- 303 is a transparent liquid
- transparent elastic body 302 is made to correspond to 202 in FIG. 3
- part A is 302-a.
- 302-b and 302-c are shown corresponding to 202-a, 202-b and 202-c, respectively.
- the cross-sectional shape of the B portion is formed in an S shape larger than the corrugation shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B in order to freely move the peripheral portion z of the A portion.
- the C part of the transparent elastic body 302 is fixed to the peripheral part of the transparent substrate 301 at the surface 304. Thus, since the transparent substrate 301 and the transparent elastic body 302 are sealed, the liquid 303 injected into the inside does not leak.
- the multifocal lens 300 operates in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 3, and can be replaced with the multifocal lens 200 of FIG. As a result, when the transparent elastic body 302 is in the state 302-a, it operates as a convex lens. When the transparent elastic body 302 is in the state 302-c, there is no lens effect, and parallel light is transmitted as parallel light.
- the net lens thickness is about 2.14 mm, and the amount to be displaced by applying force is 1.07 mm. It will be about. If a liquid having a large refractive index is used, the amount of displacement can be further reduced.
- the transparent substrate has a lens effect and has the same curvature as that of the transparent elastic body.
- State 1 is a convex lens state
- state 2 is a lens function is lost (focal length is infinite).
- various focal length combinations can be made by giving a lens effect to the transparent substrate or by making the curvature of the transparent substrate different from that of the transparent elastic body.
- the multifocal lens 310 shown in FIG. 5A is an example in which the shape other than the transparent base of the multifocal lens 300 shown in FIG. 4C is the same, and the transparent base 311 is a concave lens (only a transparent elastic body).
- the portion C of 302 (see FIG. 4A) is fixed to the transparent substrate 311 via the spacer ring 314).
- This provides a bifocal lens with a positive focal length in state 1 (ie, a convex lens) and a negative focal length in state 2 (ie, a concave lens).
- the bifocal lens 320 in FIG. 5B is an example in which the transparent base of the bifocal lens 300 in FIG. In this way, a multifocal lens having a positive focal length in state 1 (that is, a convex lens) and a positive focal length in state 2 (that is, a convex lens having a different focal length) is obtained.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate 331 is constant as in the multifocal lens 300 of FIG. 4C, but the spherical radius R1 of the transparent substrate and the same R2 of the transparent elastic body are inconsistent.
- the multifocal lens 330 in FIG. 5C is an example in which R1> R2, and has a positive focal length in state 1 (ie, a convex lens), and a negative focal length in state 2 (ie, A bifocal lens (which becomes a concave lens) is obtained.
- R1 ⁇ R2 is an example in which R1 ⁇ R2, and has a positive focal length in state 1 (ie, a convex lens), and also has a positive focal length in state 2 (ie, A bifocal lens (which becomes a convex lens with different focal lengths) is obtained.
- This combination of lens formation of the transparent substrate and means for making the transparent substrate radius R1 and the transparent elastic body R2 inconsistent can be used in other than the four examples shown here. That is, by making the radius R1 of the transparent base and the transparent elastic body R2 inconsistent in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the focal lengths of the state 1 and the state 2 can be made different. Further, by using a transparent lens as a convex lens or a concave lens in FIGS. 5C and 5D, the focal lengths of the state 1 and the state 2 can be made different.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view, and is a view seen from the same direction as FIG. 4C.
- the transparent elastic body 402 shows only the state 2 shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 4C. ing.
- the transparent substrate 401 and the transparent elastic body 402 are bonded to each other with a surface 405 and a surface 404 through spacers 406.
- an ITO thin film is formed on the entire surface of the transparent elastic body 402 as the transparent electrode 407 on the side facing the transparent base 401, and the transparent electrodes 408 and 409 are formed on the side of the transparent base 401 facing the transparent elastic body 402 as ITO.
- a pattern is formed.
- the transparent electrode 408 is formed in a circular shape in the peripheral portion and the transparent electrode 409 is formed in a circular shape in the central portion, and each is insulated.
- Each has terminals T1 and T2.
- the portion Since the portion has a negative and positive charge, an attractive force works, so that the force having the same effect as the force of F ′ can be applied.
- the transparent electrode 407 is kept at a negative potential, a negative potential is applied to the transparent electrode 408, and a positive potential is applied to the transparent electrode 409, the central portion is negative and positive charges. Since the negative and negative charges are mutually repulsive, the force of the same effect as that of giving the force of ⁇ F ′ can be given.
- FIG. 6C shows a state in which a coil 415 is formed of a transparent conductor on the side of the transparent base 401 facing the transparent elastic body 402.
- Reference numeral 416 denotes a lead wire in which a transparent conductor is formed from the innermost end of the coil 415 to the outside.
- Reference numeral 417 denotes a transparent film that electrically insulates the intersection between the lead wire 416 and the coil 415.
- electrodes U1 and U2 are formed at both ends of the coil, and a current is passed from electrode U1 to electrode U2, a magnetic field that is maximum at the center is generated in the vertical direction on the paper surface.
- a coil 425 having the same shape as the coil 415 is formed on the side of the transparent elastic body 402 facing the transparent substrate 401.
- the lead line 426 and the insulating film 427 also correspond to 416 and 417, respectively. If an electric current is applied to the pair of coils to generate an in-phase magnetic field, an attractive force F that maximizes the central portion is generated. If an electric current is applied to generate an anti-phase magnetic field, the central portion is maximized. Exclusion force -F is generated (even in the configuration shown in FIG. 4C, if the coil 415 on the transparent substrate 301 and the coil 425 on the transparent elastic body 302 are formed, the same attraction force F and exclusion force- F is generated).
- the shape of the electrode 407 on the transparent elastic body 302 in FIG. 4C is the shape of the coil 425
- the shape of the electrode 408 is left as it is on the transparent substrate 301
- the shape of the electrode 409 is the coil 415 (coil).
- the shape of the coil 415 is formed within the range indicated by the electrode 409).
- a potential is applied to each electrode. If the potential is positive and negative, an attractive force is generated.
- the coiled electrode 407 and the coiled electrode 409 are applied with positive and negative potentials, and at the same time, an in-phase magnetic field is generated.
- the suction force F is increased.
- the exclusion force -F is enhanced by adding the exclusion force.
- FIG. 4 This is a method of attaching an external force by attaching a ring-shaped electric coil (driving coil) to the peripheral edge of the transparent elastic body shown in FIG. 4 and placing it in a constant magnetic field (referred to as a moving coil type).
- 7A, 7B, and 7C show a method in which the peripheral edge portion C of the transparent elastic body is fixed to a newly provided slider without being fixed to the transparent substrate side, and a force F 'is applied to the slider.
- 501 is a transparent substrate corresponding to 201 in FIG. 3
- 503 is a transparent liquid corresponding to 203 in FIG.
- 502 is a transparent elastic body, corresponding to 202 in FIG.
- Reference numeral 506 denotes a protrusion corresponding to 206 in FIG.
- Reference numeral 533 denotes a slider which is fixed at the peripheral portion C of the transparent elastic body 502.
- Reference numeral 532 denotes an electrically driven drive coil fixed by sliders 533 and 534.
- Reference numeral 531 denotes a permanent magnet having a U-shaped cross section and a ring shape as a whole. Each U-shaped tip is excited so as to have an N-pole and an S-pole, and a slider 533 and a drive coil 532 are fitted inside the U-shape. Further, the outer edge of the U-shape is configured to face the protruding portion 506 of the transparent substrate 501, and the corresponding surface 535 is fixed and integrated. Further, the integrated inner edge slides with the slider 533.
- FIG. 7A shows a state in which the transparent elastic body 502 is in the state 1, and the drive coil 532 protrudes slightly to the tip of the U-shaped portion of the permanent magnet 531.
- FIG. 7B illustrates a state in which the transparent elastic body 502 is in the state 2, and the drive coil is in the back of the U-shaped portion of the permanent magnet 531. Needless to say, the volume of the transparent liquid 503 does not change as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7C is a perspective view showing only the relationship between the permanent magnet 531, the drive coil 532, and the slider 533.
- FIG. 8A shows an example in which a hermetically sealed configuration is used as shown in FIG. 4C and the method of driving with the electromagnetic coil as described above is a multifocal lens 560.
- FIG. 8 (a) divides A part and B part of the transparent elastic body shown in FIG. 4, projects a rib on the peripheral part z of the A part, attaches a drive coil to the rib, and drives a driving force F ′. Is generated.
- a rib 512 having an L-shaped cross section is formed on the periphery of the transparent elastic body 502 as an extension of the A portion, and a ring corresponding to the B portion is separated from the A portion by a ring having an S-shaped cross section. It is formed of a rigid elastic body 504 of members, and both are fixed at 508 parts. Since the peripheral portion (C portion shown in FIG. 4) of the rigid elastic body 504 is sandwiched between the transparent base 501 and the spacer 507, it is completely sealed by the transparent base 501, the transparent rigid body 502, and the rib 512, and the transparent liquid 503 is externally provided. None leak out. Further, the same drive coil as the drive coil 532 shown by the bifocal lens 500 is fixed to the rib 512. The structure of the permanent magnet of the drive unit is the same as 500 (however, the end faces of both poles are different).
- FIG. 8 (a) the state shown separately in FIG. 7 (a) and FIG. 7 (b) is shown in one figure. That is, the state in which the transparent elastic body operates by supplying current to the drive coil is exactly the same as that of the bifocal lens 500, state 1 is a state 502-a in which the cross section is hatched, and state 2 has two points. This is the state 502-c shown by the chain line.
- FIG. 8B shows a case where a rubber-like soft elastic body is used instead of the rigid elastic body for the B portion.
- the peripheral edge of the transparent elastic body 502 is formed like a rib 522, and the soft elastic body 514 is sandwiched between the L-shaped holding ring 523 and fixed at 508 parts and 509 parts. Further, since the peripheral portion (C portion shown in FIG. 4) of the soft elastic body 514 is sandwiched between the transparent base body 501 and the spacer 507, the soft elastic body 514 is completely sealed by the transparent base body 501, the transparent rigid body 502, and the rigid elastic body 504. 503 does not leak outside.
- a drive coil 532 is fixed to the L-shaped ring 523. Also, in FIG.
- FIG. 8B the state shown separately in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B is shown in one figure.
- a positive current is supplied to the coil 532
- a force F ′ can be applied to the peripheral portion of the A portion of the transparent elastic body 502, and the state 1 is changed to the state 2.
- a negative current is supplied, a force of ⁇ F ′ acts on the peripheral portion of the A portion of the transparent elastic body 502, so that the state 2 can be changed to the state 1.
- the electromagnetic coil is fixed to the edge of the transparent elastic body, and the current is turned on and off in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
- a magnet or a ring of mild steel ( ⁇ iron) is fixed, an electromagnet is provided instead of the U-shaped permanent magnet, and a current F to the electromagnet is turned on and off to apply a force F ′ to the peripheral edge of the transparent elastic body. Can be given.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a device for driving the drive coil 532.
- SW1 is a switch for switching between automatic and manual, and selects either a signal from the switch SW2 (manual) or a signal from the transmitter OSC (automatic).
- the potential change detector CD includes a delay unit DLY that delays a change in the potential of the input I for a predetermined time (td), two inverters INV1 and INV2, and two AND gates AND1 and AND2.
- a pulse having a time width td is output from the output III when the input I changes from low (L) to high (H), and when the input I changes from high (H) to low (L), the time width td is output from the output IV.
- a pulse is output.
- AMP is an amplifier that drives the drive coil COIL (532). Since this output stage is composed of complementary FETs, it is set to COIL when both AM1 and AM2 are low (L) or high (H). No current flows. When AM1 is high (H) and AM2 is low (L), a positive current flows. When AM1 is low (L) and AM2 is high (H), a negative current flows through COIL. .
- SW2 is a switch for manually giving a displacement signal to the input I.
- the transmitter OSC is a transmitter that transmits a rectangular wave having a frequency F and automatically gives a displacement signal to the input I repeatedly.
- the time chart and Roman numerals in FIG. 9B indicate the waveforms of the terminal portions corresponding to the Roman numerals shown in FIG.
- V is the waveform of the current flowing through the drive coil COIL (532)
- VI indicates the position of the transparent rigid elastic body 502 (and hence the change in the focal length of the compound lens)
- the position of s1 is s2 in the state 1. Is in state 2.
- the automatic mode will be described first.
- the changeover switch SW1 is on the b side as shown in FIG. 9A, the signal from the rectangular wave oscillator OSC is supplied to the input I of the CD.
- the subsequent operation is shown in the time chart of FIG. 7B. This will be explained using.
- DLY delays the waveform of I by a delay time td like II. Since the AND gate AND1 takes an AND of the waveform obtained by transforming the waveform of II with the inverter INV1 and the waveform of I, its output is high during the delay time td from the rise of I to the rise of II as in III. (H). Since the AND gate AND2 takes an AND of the waveform obtained by inverting the waveform of I with INV2 and the waveform of II, the output is high during the delay time td from the fall of I to the fall of II as shown in IV. H).
- Each output is passed to the amplifiers AM1 and AM2, and supplies a current to the COIL (drive coil 532) with a waveform indicated by V. That is, when III is high (H), AM2 remains low (L) and AMP1 becomes high (H), so a positive current (in the direction of the arrow) is supplied to COIL, and IV is high (H). Sometimes AMP1 is already low (L) and AMP2 is high (H), so a negative current (in the direction opposite to the arrow) is supplied to COIL.
- the transparent elastic body changes from the state (a) to the state (c) via the state (b), and from the state 1 (convex lens state: focal length f1) to the state 2 (no lens effect state). : Change to focal length f2).
- the delay time td only needs to exceed the time until the transparent elastic body passes from (a) to (b).
- a user with hyperopia or presbyopia uses glasses equipped with this lens.
- the distant view of the user's retina is blurred in the time zone of the convex lens state
- the user's retina is clearly imaged in the time zone without the lens effect, and the image of the thing at hand has no lens effect.
- the image is blurred in the time zone
- the image is clearly formed in the time zone in the convex lens state.
- the user can see the object clearly even if he / she does not perform any operation on the way, and can see the object clearly even if he / she sees something at hand immediately after viewing a distant view. You can see the clear scenery even if you look far away.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a head-mounted loupe using a bifocal lens.
- FIG. 10A is an external view of a head-mounted loupe 1000 that uses two multifocal lenses 560 shown in FIG. 8 (500 shown in FIG. 7 or 570 shown in FIG. 8).
- the two bifocal lenses 560 are connected by a bridge 110 and are also fixed to the sleeve 120.
- the two sleeves 120 are connected by a support shaft (not shown), and the support body 140 receives and supports the support shaft.
- loupe wearer moves the bifocal lens 560 as indicated by an arrow J, It is configured to rotate as indicated by an arrow R.
- An electric circuit for driving an electromagnetic coil is also housed inside the support 140 together with a battery as a power source.
- the output of the coil drive amplifier is the same as the drive coil 532 of the bifocal lens 560 (made of a flexible resin or the like). ) It is connected with a lead wire passing through the inside of the electric wire protection pipe 130.
- An automatic / semi-automatic switch is attached, and its knob 145 slides as shown by an arrow K.
- an attitude detection switch 160 (not shown in this figure) is attached in the storage box 175.
- the body 170 is integrated with the support 140, and is fixed so that the length can be adjusted so that the band 180 can be taken in and out in the direction of arrow B.
- the band 180 has a spring property, and a power switch 185 is attached so that the power can be turned on with a slight pressure that presses the head when the band 180 is attached to the head.
- a user of such a head mount loupe puts the body 170 on the forehead and winds the band 180 around his head in a headband shape, two bifocal lenses 560 come in front of the left and right eyes (at this time, the user is different)
- the spectacles and the bifocal lens 560 can be used in the form of overlapping lens surfaces).
- the power switch 185 is turned on by this attachment.
- a metal ball 164 is placed in a curved pipe 161 made of metal so as to roll freely in the pipe.
- Metal terminals 162 and 163 are also supported by insulating covers 165 and 166 at both ends of the pipe.
- this state is called a horizontal state, and since the metal ball 164 contacts the metal terminal 162, the metal pipe 161 and the terminal 162 are short-circuited.
- the left end is relatively lowered, and the metal ball 164 rolls in the pipe 161 and moves to the left end, and comes into contact with the terminal 163.
- the metal pipe 161 and the terminal 163 are short-circuited.
- the terminal 162 and the pipe 161 are turned on when they are in the horizontal state, and the terminal 163 and the pipe 161 are turned on when the entire switch device is tilted by an angle ⁇ or more.
- This angle ⁇ is the difference between the tilt angle of the head when the loupe wearer is struggling to work at hand and the tilt angle of the head when facing the front to look far away.
- the switch 160 is mounted in the storage box 175 so that the terminal 162 and the pipe 161 are short-circuited when working and the terminal 163 and the pipe 161 are short-circuited.
- FIG. 10C shows an example of an electric circuit for driving the drive coil 531 of the head mount loupe. A detailed description overlapping with the description of FIG. 9 is omitted.
- the posture detector SA detects the posture of the wearer's head and generates a pulse that becomes semi-automatically for a fixed time (td) high (H).
- SW4 is an attitude detection switch 160 configured such that the pipe 161 corresponds to the n terminal, the terminal 162 corresponds to the a terminal, and the terminal 163 corresponds to the terminal b.
- FF is a flip-flop combining two NAND gates.
- MM1 and MM2 are mono multivibrators, and output a pulse that becomes high (H) for a certain time (td) when the input is shifted from high (H) to low (L).
- a pulse is output from the output III 'when the SW4 is switched from the a terminal to the b terminal, and from the output IV' when the SW4 is switched from the b terminal to the a terminal.
- the switch SW3 is a switch for determining whether or not to pass the pulse train generated by the OSC to the CD. When the switch SW3 is turned off and opened, the gate GATE is closed and the OSC pulse train is not input to the CD.
- COIL1 drive coil 532-1
- COIL2 drive coil 532-2
- the drive coils 532-1 and 532-2 represent the single focus lens 532 corresponding to the left and right glasses 532.
- Head mounted loupe 1000 with this structure is used by users (presbyopia and don't need glasses when looking at the scenery or watching TV, but they read books, newspapers, or do some work at hand.
- the operation of the loupe will be explained in the semi-automatic mode and the full-automatic mode through the scene of actual use.
- Semi-automatic mode is good for reading newspapers while watching TV in the living room.
- the user When the user adjusts the direction of J so that the bifocal lens 560 is in front of the eyes, the user operates the switch knob 145 to turn off SW3 (set to semi-automatic mode). Then, the pulse train transmitted from the OSC is blocked by the gate GATE, and no pulse is output from the output III and output IV of the CD.
- the switch 160 When reading a newspaper, the switch 160 is short and the terminal 162 and the pipe 161 are short-circuited via the metal ball 164 because it is a little whispering. That is, since SW4 is on the a terminal side, a pulse having a time width td is emitted from the output IV ′ of SA, and the outputs of AM2-1 and AM2-2 are high (AM-1 and AM1-2 remain low (L)). H), and a current in the direction opposite to the arrow is supplied to COIL1 (drive coil 532-1) and COIL2 (drive coil 532-2), and the transparent elastic body 502 of the lens body 560 is in the state 1 state, and the convex lens So you can see the letters on the newspaper clearly.
- COIL1 drive coil 532-1
- COIL2 drive coil 532-2
- the switch 160 is short-circuited between the terminal 163 and the pipe 161 via the metal ball 164 because the user raises his head and looks at the screen. That is, since SW4 is switched from the a terminal side to the b terminal side, a pulse having a time width td is generated from the output III ′ of SA, and AM2-1 and AM2-2 remain low (L), and AM1-1 and AM1-2 remain low.
- the output becomes high (H)
- current is supplied to COIL1 (drive coil 532-1) and COIL2 (drive coil 532-2) in the direction of the arrow, and the transparent elastic body 502 of the lens body 560 changes from state 1 to state 2. Instead of the lens effect, you can see the TV screen clearly.
- the automatic mode is good because the angle at which the head tilts when looking at a near place and a far place is small.
- the power switch 185 is turned on and the electric circuit 150 becomes operable.
- the switch knob 145 When the user adjusts the direction of J so that the bifocal lens 560 is in front of the eyes, the user operates the switch knob 145 to turn on SW3 (set to the automatic mode).
- the gate GATE is opened, the pulse train transmitted from the OSC is input from I to CD, and the pulse train having the time width td is output from the outputs III and IV as shown in the time chart of FIG. 9B.
- COIL1 driving coil 532-1
- COIL2 driving coil 532-2
- the transparent elastic body repeatedly operates to take states 1 (s1) and 2 (s2) alternately. do.
- the image of the object is blurred at the timing without the lens effect in the state 2 (s2), but the object at the timing of the convex lens state in the state 1 (s1).
- the human eye is only aware of the clear image, ignoring the blurred image).
- the image of the object can be clearly captured for about half the time, there is no problem in working. If you try to take an object a little away in the middle and turn your eyes to it, the image of the object will be blurred at the timing of the convex lens state of state 1 (s1), but state 2 (s2 The object can be clearly seen at the timing without lens effect. After all, since the image of the object can be clearly captured for about half the time, the object can be taken without any trouble trying to take the object. In this way, the user can see both the hand and the place a little away from each other without raising or lowering the lens part of the loupe or bothering hands, and the work efficiency is improved.
- the glasses may be made by selecting a lens suitable for the characteristics of each eye from the variation of the multifocal lens as shown in FIG. In this way, it can be used not only for presbyopia, but also for correction of myopia and hyperopia.
- loupe or glasses using such a multifocal lens, a user who was myopic at an early age became old and presbyopic, or a person who was hyperopic at a young age became presbyopic. Even if the user looks at the hand and looks at a relatively long distance, it can be handled with one loupe or glasses.
- an optical treatment for astigmatism is applied to the transparent substrate (with an already known technique so that the function is an inverse function of the characteristics of astigmatism), the person becomes presbyopic. Even when the user looks at the hand and when looking at a relatively long distance, a single loupe or glasses can be used.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Rigid elastic disc shaped disk, 200,300,500,560 ... Multifocal lens, 201,301,311,311,401,501 ... Transparent substrate, 302,502 ... Transparent elastic body, 203,303, 503: Transparent liquid, 310, 320, 330, 340 ... Bifocal lens, 407, 408, 409 ... Transparent electrode, 504 ... Rigid elastic body, 507 ... Spacer, 512, 522 ... Rib, 531 ... Permanent magnet, 532 ... Electromagnetic Coil, 1000 ... head mount magnifier.
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Abstract
Description
言い換えると、数メートル以上の事物や景色などを見る場合は上側に光軸があるレンズを通して見るようにし、数十センチメートルぐらいの事物を見る場合は下側に光軸のあるレンズを通して見るように利用者が上側と下側とを意識して眼球を動かして利用する。
請求項2に記載の発明は、透明で剛性を有する透明基体と、透明で弾性を有する透明剛弾性体と、前記透明基体と該透明剛弾性体との間に封入した透明流動体と、該透明剛弾性体の形態を周期的に変化させる制御機構とを備えた複焦点レンズであり、
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1あるいは請求項2に記載の複焦点レンズを用いた複焦点眼鏡である。
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1(a)、(b)は本発明の一つの構成要件である透明剛弾性体の動作原理を説明するための図である。図1において、100は剛弾性体の円板で、この剛弾性体の円板100は、これは半径R(ここで示す記号の意味は後述する。)の球状の一部分を切り出した直径D、肉厚tの皿状の円板である。この剛弾性体とは剛性がありながら弾力性を持っているもので、透明ではないが鋼材は一般的であり、板バネに用いられているのは良く知られている(これに対してゴムに代表される軟らかな弾性体は軟弾性体と称する)。また、透明な弾性体としては一般的なガラスも弾性限界を超えないように用いればこの剛弾性体に入る。ただ、本発明で用いるためには一般的に言うプラスチック類が使いやすい。その中でもポリ塩化ビニール(PVC)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)やユーポリマー(ユニチカの商標)等が適している。まず、図1(a)に示すように、下に凸状に置き、縁100aを固定しておいて、皿の中央部100bを矢印のように力Fで下から押し上げると皿状の円板100は徐々に撓みながら上昇し、ある一定量上昇すると、図1(b)に示すように、上に凸の状態に反転する。一度反転すると力Fを取り除いてもそのままの形を維持する。また、この状態から力Fを反対方向に(上の方から)力を加えていくと、ある一定量下降したところで元の図1(a)の状態に戻る。
このように、この皿状円板の弾性体は二つの安定形状(上に凹の皿状、下に凹の皿状で、どちらもRの曲率)を持つ。
図3は、上記の動作原理で示した剛弾性体(以後、これを単に弾性体と呼称する)のうちで透明な弾性体を用いて構成した複焦点レンズの基本的な考え方を説明する図である。
複焦点レンズ200は透明で剛性を有する皿状の円板透明基体201と、透明で剛弾性を有する皿状の円板透明弾性体202を用意し、その凹面部を互いに向い合わせて縁を隙間なく一致させた形として、その間に透明な液体203を充填させ封入することによりレンズの機能を生じさせてある。また、透明基体201と透明弾性体202の縁は、ゴムのような弾性を有していて自動車や自転車のタイヤのように断面が英字のC字状で全体が環状に形成してある軟弾性体204でシールしてある。
透明基体201は透明樹脂(アクリルやポリカーボネートなど)あるいは透明ガラスで作ってある(但し、サングラスのような使い方では着色して用いてもよい)。厚みは1mm程度かそれ以上と比較的厚く(液体203に正圧力乃至は負圧力をかけたとき変形しなければどのような厚みでも良い)剛性を保たせる。これ自体レンズとしてもよいが、以後、本発明の本質を説明しやすくするために、厚みを一定とした状態で説明する。また、形状は主要部(レンズとして光を透過させる部分)を均一な厚みで内側がRの曲率を持つ皿状の円板としてあり、縁は円筒形の突起部206を設けて、透明弾性体202との間から液体203が漏れないようにしてある。具体的な材料としてポリカーボネート(PC)を用いた場合は、光屈折率は1.585となり、光学ガラスのBK7を用いれば、光屈折率は1.518となる。
弾性体204はゴムのような軟らかな弾性体で、自動車や自転車のタイヤのように断面を英字のC形にし、全体をリング状に形成してある。C形の先端で透明基体201と透明弾性体202を一定の力で挟み、透明弾性体202が凸状態(図4(C)で実線表示)でも凹状態(図4(C)で二点鎖線表示)でも透明基体201と透明弾性体202の位置関係を安定させる。
次に、透明弾性体202が二点鎖線で示す202-cのように上に凸である状態(状態2とする)では、透明基体201と透明弾性体202の間隙は全面のどの部分でも一定となり、透明基体201と液体203、透明弾性体202の3層全体が一体で厚みが一定の曲率Rの透明体となるのでレンズの効果はない(すなわち、このときの焦点距離fは無限大∞である)。言い換えると、図3において、LLの方向から入った平行光は透明基体201、透明弾性体202、液体203を透過した後も平行光のままである。
ここで、状態変化を起こさせる力は透明弾性体202の中央と周辺に与えて説明する。即ち状態1から状態2へ変化させるには図3に示すように透明基体201を固定し、透明弾性体202の中央に力Fを与え、状態2から状態1へ変化させるにはやはり透明基体201を固定し、図のように透明弾性体202の周縁部z(リング状)に力F’を与えた形で説明する。このとき、弾性体204の透明基体201と透明弾性体202に与える力は無視して説明する。
ここで301は透明基体で、図3の201に対応し、303は透明液体で図3の203に対応させてあり、透明弾性体302を図3の202に対応させ、A部は302-a、302-b、302-cをそれぞれ202-a、202-b、202-cに対応させて示している。B部の断面形状はA部の周縁部zの動きを自由にするために図4(a),(b)で示した波様より大きくS字状に形成してある。透明弾性体302のC部は304の面で透明基体301の周縁部に固着してある。こうして透明基体301と透明弾性体302は密閉しているので内部に注入されている液体303は漏れることがなくなる。
以上、説明してきた複焦点レンズの透明弾性体の状態変化をさせる力FあるいはF’を与えた時に周縁部zが変位する量を求めてみる(両凸レンズとすると、レンズの片側の厚みと概ね一致する)。
ここで透明液に水、エチルアルコール、セダ油、αブロナフタレン、ジヨードメタンを用いた場合のレンズの主要サイズと共に示す。
以上、透明基体はレンズ効果なしでその曲率は透明弾性体の曲率と同じにしたものを使い、状態1は凸レンズ状態、状態2はレンズ機能が無くなる(焦点距離が無限大)状態の二つの状態が切り替わる複焦点レンズの実施例を示したが、透明基体にレンズ効果を持たせたり、透明基体と透明弾性体の曲率を異ならせたりすることにより、様々な焦点距離の組み合わせが可能となる。そのバリエーションの一部を図5に示す。
図5(b)での複焦点レンズ320は同様に図4(c)の複焦点レンズ300の透明基体を凸レンズ321とした例である。こうすると状態1で正の焦点距離を持ち(即ち、凸レンズとなる)、状態2でも正の焦点距離を持つ(即ち、焦点距離の異なる凸レンズとなる)複焦点レンズが得られる。
図5(c)での複焦点レンズ330はR1>R2とした例であり、状態1で正の焦点距離を持ち(即ち、凸レンズとなる)、状態2では負の焦点距離を持つ(即ち、凹レンズとなる)複焦点レンズが得られる。
図5(d)での複焦点レンズ340はR1<R2とした例であり、状態1で正の焦点距離を持ち(即ち、凸レンズとなる)、状態2でも正の焦点距離を持つ(即ち、焦点距離の異なる凸レンズとなる)複焦点レンズが得られる。
この透明基体のレンズ化と透明基体の半径R1と透明弾性体R2を不一致にさせる手段の組み合せはここに示した4例以外でも取りうる。即ち、図5(a)、(b)で透明基体の半径R1と透明弾性体R2を不一致にさせることにより、状態1と状態2の焦点距離を異ならせることができる。また、図5(c)、(d)で透明基体を凸レンズや凹レンズとすることにより、状態1と状態2の焦点距離を異ならせることができるなどである。
図3、図4(c)及び図5で示した複焦点レンズの二つの状態(状態1、状態2)を変化させるための力を与えるFとF’は単体のレンズとして用いる場合は手で与えることもできるが、眼鏡のように何かの装置の一部分に取り付ける場合はいちいち手で力を加えるのは大変である。そこで、電気的な制御で力を与える方法を説明する。
図6(a),(b)は図4(c)と同じ構造のレンズに透明基体と透明弾性体に電極を付加して、その電極に電荷を与え、クーロン力で力F乃至F’を与えるようにしたものである。図6(a)の図は断面図で、図4(c)と同じ方向から見た図で、透明弾性体402は図4(c)の二点鎖線で示した状態2の状態のみを示している。透明基体401と透明弾性体402は405の面と404の面をスペーサ406を介して固着してある。
例えば、図4(c)の透明弾性体302上に電極407の形状をコイル425の形状とし、透明基体301上には電極408の形状はそのままとして、電極409にはコイル415形状にする(コイル状にする範囲は電極409で示した範囲内にコイル415のような形状を形成する)。それぞれの電極に電位を与え、その電位がプラスとマイナスならば吸引力となり、プラス同士、マイナス同士の同じなら排斥力が生ずる。このコイル状にした電極407とコイル状にした電極409それぞれにプラスとマイナスの電位を与えると同時に同相の磁界が発生するようにそれぞれのコイルに電流を流せば吸引力が加算されるように発生し、吸引力Fが増強される。それとは逆にプラス同士、マイナス同士の電位を与えると同時に互いに逆相の磁界が発生するようにそれぞれのコイルに流せば排斥力が加算されるように発生し排斥力-Fが増強される。
図7(a),(b),(c)はその透明弾性体の周縁部C部を透明基体側に固着せず新たに設けたスライダに固着させ、スライダに力F’を与える方法である。
ここで501は透明基体で、図3の201に対応し、503は透明液体で図3の203に対応させてあり、502は透明弾性体で、図3の202に対応し、502-a、502-cもそれぞれ202-a、202-cに対応させて示している。また、506は突起部で図4の206と対応する。533はスライダで透明弾性体502の周辺部分Cで固着してある。532は電気的に駆動する駆動コイルでスライダ533と534で固着してある。531は永久磁石であり、断面がコの字型で全体がリング状にしてある。コの字の各先端がN極、S極になるように励磁してあり、このコの字状の内側にスライダ533と駆動コイル532が入り込むように装着してある。また、コの字の外縁は透明基体501の突起部506と相対するように構成し、その対応面535は固着して一体化してある。更に、その一体化した内縁はスライダ533と摺動するようにしてある。
この様な構成で、コイル532に正の電流を供給すると透明弾性体502の周縁部C部に力F’を与えることができ、状態1から状態2へ変化させられる。負の電流を供給すると周縁部C部には-F’の力が働くので状態2から状態1へと変化させることができる。
この様な構成で、コイル532に正の電流を供給すると透明弾性体502のA部の周縁部に力F’を与えることができ、状態1から状態2へ変化させられる。負の電流を供給すると透明弾性体502のA部の周縁部には-F’の力が働くので状態2から状態1へと変化させることができる。
なお、この図7,図8では透明弾性体の縁に電磁コイルを固着させ永久磁石の磁場の中でその電磁コイルへ電流をオン、オフさせたが、逆に透明弾性体の縁には永久磁石、あるいは、軟鋼(α鉄)のリングを固着させ、コの字形永久磁石の代わりに電磁石を備え、その電磁石への電流をオン、オフさせることで透明弾性体の周縁部に力F’を与えることができる。
次に電気制御により状態1と状態2を切り替える方法をムービングコイル型により具体的に説明する。
図9は駆動コイル532を駆動する装置の一例を示す。図9(a)において、SW1は自動と、手動とを切り替えるスイッチであり、スイッチSW2からの信号(手動)か、発信器OSCからの信号(自動)かどちらかを選ぶ。電位変化検出器CDは入力Iの電位の変化を一定時間(td)遅らせる遅延器DLYと2個のインバータINV1、INV2と2個のアンドゲートAND1、AND2とで構成してある。これは入力Iがロー(L)からハイ(H)に変化した時に出力IIIから時間幅tdのパルスが出力され、ハイ(H)からロー(L)に変化した時に出力IVから時間幅tdのパルスが出力される。AMPは駆動コイルCOIL(532)を駆動する増幅器であり、この出力段は補完型FETで構成してあるので、AM1とAM2の両者が共にロー(L)あるいはハイ(H)の時はCOILに全く電流は流れず、AM1がハイ(H)、AM2がロー(L)の時、正の電流が、AM1がロー(L)、AM2がハイ(H)の時、負の電流がCOILに流れる。SW2は手動で入力Iに変位信号を与えるスイッチで、オンからオフにしたとき、ロー(L)からハイ(H)に変位し、オフからオンにしたときにハイ(H)からロー(L)に変位させる。発信器OSCは周波数Fの矩形波を発信する発信器で自動的に繰り返し変位信号を入力Iに与える。
ここで、最初は自動モードを説明する。切り替えスイッチSW1が図9(a)に示すようにb側にあると、矩形波発信器OSCからの信号がCDの入力Iに供給されるが、以降の動作を図7(b)のタイムチャートを用いながら説明する。OSCの発信波形はIのように一定周期T=1/Fでハイ(H)とロー(L)を交番する矩形波である。DLYはそのIの波形をIIのように遅延時間td遅らせる。アンドゲートAND1はIIの波形をインバータINV1で変転させた波形とIの波形とのアンドをとるので、その出力はIIIのように、Iの立ち上がりからIIの立ち上がるまでの遅延時間tdの間がハイ(H)になる。アンドゲートAND2ではIの波形をINV2で反転させた波形とIIの波形とのアンドをとるので、その出力はIVのようにIの立下りからIIの立下りの遅延時間tdの間がハイ(H)になる。それぞれの出力は増幅器AM1、AM2に渡されてVに示す波形でCOIL(駆動コイル532)に電流を供給する。即ち、IIIがハイ(H)の時にはAM2がロー(L)のままでAMP1がハイ(H)となるのでCOILには正の電流(矢印の方向)が供給され、IVがハイ(H)の時には既にAMP1がロー(L)となっており、AMP2がハイ(H)となるのでCOILには負に電流(矢印と逆の方向)が供給される。
この状態から、駆動コイル532(COIL)に矢印と逆の方向に電流が供給されると磁石531の断面がコの字形の奥から押し出されるので、透明弾性体は(c)の状態から(b)の状態を経由して(a)の状態へ変化し、状態2(レンズ効果なし状態:焦点距離f2)から状態1(凸レンズ状態:焦点距離f1)へと変化する。このとき遅延時間tdは透明弾性体が(c)から(b)を通過するまでの時間を越えるようにしてあればよい。
このように複焦点レンズ500(560、570)は凸レンズとレンズ効果なしの状態を周期T=1/Fで繰り返すことができるので、遠視あるいは老眼の利用者がこのレンズを装着した眼鏡を用いれば、その利用者の網膜には遠くの景色は凸レンズ状態の時間帯でボケているものの、レンズ効果なし状態の時間帯で明瞭に結像しており、手元の事物の像はレンズ効果なし状態での時間帯でボケているものの、凸レンズ状態の時間帯で明瞭に結像している。即ち、利用者は途中何の操作をしなくても、遠くの景色を観た直後に手元の何かを観ても対象物をはっきりと観ることができるし、その逆に手元のものを観察したままの状態から遠くを観てもはっきりした景色を観ることができる。
このように複焦点レンズ500(560、570)は、手動で凸レンズ状態にしたり、レンズ効果なし状態にしたりすることができるので、観察対象に応じて適切な焦点距離のレンズを得ることができる。
これまで説明してきた複焦点レンズを2つ用いると、遠近両用の眼鏡やルーペを構成することができる。
図10は複焦点レンズを用いたヘッドマウント型のルーペへの実施例である。
図10(a)は図8に示す複焦点レンズ560(図7に示す500あるいは図8に示す570でもよい)を二つ用いてヘッドマウント型のルーペ1000として構成した外観図である。二つの複焦点レンズ560はブリッジ110で連結してあり、スリーブ120とも固着してある。二つのスリーブ120は支持軸(図示せず)で連結してあり、支持体140がその支持軸を受けて支持しており、ルーペ装着者が複焦点レンズ560を矢印Jのように動かすと、矢印Rのように回転するように構成してある。支持体140の内部には電磁コイルを駆動する電気回路も電源である電池と共に収納してあり、そのコイル駆動アンプの出力は複焦点レンズ560の駆動コイル532とは(柔軟な樹脂などで構成した)電線保護パイプ130内を通したリード線で結んである。また、自動と半自動の切り替えスイッチが取り付けてあり、そのノブ145が矢印Kのようにスライドするようにしてある。
こうしたヘッドマウントルーペの利用者はボディ170を額に当て、バンド180を鉢巻状に自分の頭に巻きつけると、二つの複焦点レンズ560が左右の眼の前に来る(このとき利用者は別の眼鏡を装着していてもその眼鏡と複焦点レンズ560はレンズ面を重ねた形で利用可能である)。また、この装着で電源スイッチ185がオンになる。
金属製の湾曲したパイプ161内に金属球164がパイプ内を自由に転がるように入れてある。パイプの両端にはやはり金属製の端子162と163が絶縁カバー165と166で支えられている。図のように左側が上がり金属球164が右端にあるとき、この状態を水平状態とよび、金属製の端子162に金属球164が接触するので金属パイプ161と端子162とを短絡させている。次に全体を角度θあるいはそれ以上傾けると、相対的に左端が下がり、金属球164はパイプ161内を転がって左端に移り、端子163と接触するので、金属パイプ161と端子163とを短絡させる。
言い換えると水平状態になったとき端子162とパイプ161がオンする電気的スイッチとなり、スイッチ装置全体が角度θ以上傾くと端子163とパイプ161がオンする電気的スイッチとなる。
この角度θはルーペの装着者が手元の作業をするために俯き加減になっている時の頭部の傾き角と、遠くを見ようとして正面を向いた時の頭部の傾き角との差の角度より小さくしてあり、作業中は端子162とパイプ161が、遠くを見ようとした時には端子163とパイプ161が短絡するようにスイッチ160を収納箱175の中に取り付けてある。
ここで、発信器OSCの周波数は数Hz以上であれば対象物を連続的に観察できるが、20Hz程までは二つの状態が変化しているのを利用者に察知されてしまう。それ以上ならば、利用者は二つの状態の変化を意識することなく利用できる。映画はフレームレートが24Hzであるのでそれ以上なら効果的であるが、テレビのフレームレートは30Hzなのでそれらとは一致させないほうがよい。ここではその中間の約27Hz(T≒37m秒)にして説明する。
こうした構成のヘッドマウントルーペ1000を利用者(老眼になっていて、景色をみたり、テレビをみたりする時は眼鏡を必要としないが、本や新聞を読んだり、手元で何か作業をしたりする時には眼鏡やルーペを用いなければならないような者)が頭に装着して実際に使用する場面を通じてルーペの動作を半自動モードと全自動モードについて説明をする。
居間などでテレビを見ながら新聞を読むような場合は半自動モードがよい。
利用者がルーペを頭に装着すると電源スイッチ185が入り電気回路150が動作可能な状態になる。利用者は複焦点レンズ560が眼前に来るようにJの向きを調整したら、スイッチノブ145を操作して、SW3をオフにする(半自動モードにする)。そうするとOSCから発信されるパルス列はゲートGATEで阻止されてCDの出力III、出力IVからはパルスは一切出力されない。
利用者がルーペを頭に装着すると電源スイッチ185が入り電気回路150が動作可能な状態になる。利用者は複焦点レンズ560が眼前に来るようにJの向きを調整したら、スイッチノブ145を操作して、SW3をオンにする(自動モードにする)。そうするとゲートGATEが開かれ、OSCから発信されるパルス列はIからCDに入力され、出力IIIとIVから図9(b)のタイムチャートに示すように時間幅tdのパルス列が出力される。同時にタイムチャートに示すようにCOIL1(駆動コイル532-1)、COIL2(駆動コイル532-2)が動作するので、透明弾性体は状態1(s1)と状態2(s2)を交互に取る繰り返し動作をする。このとき、利用者は手元を見ている時は状態2(s2)のレンズ効果なしのタイミングでは対象物のボケた像になっているが、状態1(s1)の凸レンズ状態のタイミングで対象物の像をはっきり見ることができる(人の眼はボケた像は無視してハッキリしている像のみを意識している)。
これまで、汎用のルーペに複焦点レンズを組み込んだ実施例を示したが、個人個人の眼の特性に合致した眼鏡を作って着用することにより日常の生活レベルでも快適に過ごすことができる。即ち、図5に示したような複焦点レンズのバリエーションから、それぞれの眼の特性に適したレンズを選択して眼鏡を作ればよい。このようにすれば、必ずしも老眼だけの対応でなく、近視や遠視の矯正用にも用いることが可能である。
Claims (3)
- 透明で剛性を有する透明基体と、
透明で弾性を有する透明剛弾性体と、
前記透明基体と該透明剛弾性体との間に封入した透明流動体と、
該透明剛弾性体の形態の変化を誘引させる機構とを備えていることを特徴とする複焦点レンズ。 - 透明で剛性を有する透明基体と、
透明で弾性を有する透明剛弾性体と、
前記透明基体と該透明剛弾性体との間に封入した透明流動体と、
該透明剛弾性体の形態を周期的に変化させる制御機構とを備えていることを特徴とする複焦点レンズ。 - 請求項1あるいは請求項2のいずれか一項に記載の複焦点レンズを備えることを特徴とする複焦点眼鏡。
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GB201205394D0 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2012-05-09 | Adlens Ltd | Improvements in or relating to deformable non-round membrane assemblies |
CN103142348B (zh) * | 2013-01-16 | 2015-04-15 | 宗致远 | 一种避免眼疲劳的仿生眼镜及其使用方法 |
KR101748808B1 (ko) | 2014-04-25 | 2017-06-19 | 한국과학기술원 | 전자기장을 이용한 가변 초점 렌즈 어레이와 그 제조 방법 |
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