WO2010095308A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010095308A1 WO2010095308A1 PCT/JP2009/067568 JP2009067568W WO2010095308A1 WO 2010095308 A1 WO2010095308 A1 WO 2010095308A1 JP 2009067568 W JP2009067568 W JP 2009067568W WO 2010095308 A1 WO2010095308 A1 WO 2010095308A1
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- liquid crystal
- polarizing plate
- transmittance
- display device
- crystal display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3058—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state comprising electrically conductive elements, e.g. wire grids, conductive particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device suitable for a liquid crystal display device having a front polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, a back polarizing plate, and an optical element having a polarization degree in this order.
- a liquid crystal display device (hereinafter also referred to as an LCD) is an element that displays characters and images using the electro-optical characteristics of liquid crystal molecules, and is widely used in mobile phones, notebook computers, liquid crystal televisions, and the like.
- the LCD usually uses a liquid crystal panel in which polarizing plates (front and rear polarizing plates) are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. For example, in the normally black method, a black image is displayed when no voltage is applied. be able to.
- polarizing plates front and rear polarizing plates
- a method for improving the front contrast ratio of a liquid crystal panel there are a method for reducing the scattering component inside the liquid crystal cell and a method for improving the degree of polarization by reducing the transmittance of the polarizing plate.
- the method for reducing the scattering component inside the liquid crystal cell is not easy to take countermeasures, such as a design change of the cell structure.
- the method of reducing the transmittance of the polarizing plate and improving the degree of polarization can be taken by changing the production conditions of the polarizing plate, so that the front contrast ratio can be improved relatively easily.
- a liquid crystal cell for example, as a technique for improving the front contrast ratio, a liquid crystal cell, a first polarizing plate disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizing plate disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal cell
- a liquid crystal panel in which the transmittance of the second polarizing plate is larger than the transmittance of the first polarizing plate (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 5).
- the liquid crystal cell As for the technology for adjusting the transmittance of the pair of polarizing plates, the liquid crystal cell, the first polarizing plate disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell, and the first disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal cell.
- Two polarizing plates the first polarizing plate including a first polarizer and a first retardation layer disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the first polarizer
- the second polarizing plate includes a second polarizer and a second retardation layer disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the second polarizer, and the refractive index ellipse of the first retardation layer.
- the body shows a relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz
- the transmittance (T1) of the first polarizing plate is A liquid crystal panel larger than the transmittance (T2) of the second polarizing plate is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 6).
- liquid crystal display devices including a brightness enhancement film and a wire grid polarizer have been developed as optical elements having a degree of polarization. More specifically, with respect to a liquid crystal display device including a wire grid polarizer or the like, by forming a metal film on a transparent and flexible substrate and stretching the substrate and the metal film below the melting point of the metal film, A structure composed of a metal part having a typical shape and a dielectric part is formed, and the length in the short direction of the structure is shorter than the wavelength of light, and the length in the long direction is longer than the wavelength of light.
- a liquid crystal display device using a wire-type polarizing optical element is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 7).
- Patent Document 1 a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a homogeneous alignment is used in the absence of an electric field.
- thermal fluctuation of the liquid crystal molecules is used. This disturbs the orientation and lowers the front contrast, so there is room for improvement in that the effect obtained is not sufficient.
- Patent Document 6 is a technique for realizing a liquid crystal display device in which light leakage is small in an oblique direction, and is not a technique for improving the front contrast ratio.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving both a front contrast ratio and a front white luminance.
- the present inventors have made various studies on a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving both a front contrast ratio and a front white luminance, and have focused on optical elements having a degree of polarization, such as a brightness enhancement film and a wire grid polarizer. Then, the transmittance of the back polarizing plate is made larger than the transmittance of the front polarizing plate, the contrast of the back polarizing plate is made smaller than the contrast of the front polarizing plate, and the main transmittance k1 of the optical element having the degree of polarization is set to 80.
- the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a front polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, a back polarizing plate and an optical element having a polarization degree in this order, and the transmittance of the back polarizing plate is the transmittance of the front polarizing plate.
- the optical element having the polarization degree Larger than the contrast of the back polarizing plate, and the optical element having the polarization degree has a main transmittance k1 of 80 to 86% and a main transmittance k2 of 2 to 2.
- the liquid crystal display device is 8%.
- the front white luminance can be improved while maintaining the front contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device. That is, both the front contrast ratio and the front white luminance can be achieved.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as such components are formed as essential components, and may or may not include other components. Absent. A preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described in detail below. In addition, each form shown below may be combined suitably.
- At least one of the front polarizing plate and the rear polarizing plate preferably includes a retardation layer on the liquid crystal cell side.
- the liquid crystal cell preferably includes a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homeotropic alignment in the absence of an electric field.
- the retardation layer is preferably a retardation film whose refractive index ellipsoid satisfies the condition of nx ⁇ ny> nz.
- the back polarizing plate includes a retardation layer on the liquid crystal cell side, and the liquid crystal cell is aligned in a homeotropic alignment in the absence of an electric field.
- the form (henceforth the 1st form) provided with the liquid crystal layer containing is preferable.
- the back polarizing plate preferably includes a negative C plate on the optical element side having the polarization degree.
- the main transmittance k1 of the optical element having the polarization degree is preferably 82 to 84%.
- the main transmittance k2 of the optical element having the polarization degree is preferably 2 to 6%.
- the transmittance of the front polarizing plate is preferably 40 to 45%.
- the transmittance of the front polarizing plate is more preferably 42 to 44%.
- the transmittance of the back polarizing plate is preferably 42 to 48%.
- the transmittance of the back polarizing plate is more preferably 43 to 46%.
- the optical element having the polarization degree is preferably a brightness enhancement film or a wire grid polarizer.
- both the front contrast ratio and the front white luminance can be achieved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams for explaining how to obtain white luminance and black luminance in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows a case of white luminance
- FIG. 5B shows a case of black luminance. It is the graph which plotted the white brightness
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of Example 17; 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 11.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 12.
- FIG. It is the graph which plotted the contrast in an oblique viewing angle about the liquid crystal display device of Example 17, the comparative example 11, and the comparative example 12.
- the transmittance is obtained by measuring the Y value after correcting the visibility with a two-degree field of view (C light source) defined in JIS Z8701-1982.
- C light source a two-degree field of view
- Examples of the measuring instrument include an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (trade name “V-7100” manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- the parallel transmittance (Tp) is obtained by superposing two polarizing elements of the same type (the front polarizing plate, the back polarizing plate or the optical element having the polarization degree) so that their absorption axes are parallel to each other. It is the value of the transmittance of the produced parallel laminated polarizer.
- the parallel transmittance (Tp) is obtained from the formula: (k1 2 + k2 2 ) / 2.
- the main transmittance k1 and k2 are referred to as main transmittances.
- the main transmittance k1 refers to the transmittance when a linearly polarized light is incident on the polarizing element and the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing element.
- the main transmittance k2 refers to the transmittance when a linearly polarized light is incident on the polarizing element and the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizing element.
- the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) was prepared by superposing two polarizing elements of the same type (the front polarizing plate, the back polarizing plate or the optical element having the polarization degree) so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other. It is the value of the transmittance of the orthogonal laminated polarizer.
- Tc orthogonal transmittance
- the main transmittance k1 and the main transmittance k2 are obtained by measuring the Y value after the visibility correction, using the two-degree field of view (C light source) defined in JIS Z8701-1982.
- the measuring instrument include an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (trade name “V-7100” manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- Main refractive index (nx, ny, nz) “Nx” is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (ie, the slow axis direction), “ny” is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane, and “nz” is the thickness direction.
- Refractive index is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (ie, the slow axis direction), “ny” is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane, and “nz” is the thickness direction.
- Refractive index is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (ie, the slow axis direction), “ny” is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane, and “nz” is the thickness direction.
- Refractive index is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 10 and a backlight light source 20 disposed behind the liquid crystal panel 10.
- the backlight light source 20 includes a cold cathode tube 21, a housing 22 that holds the cold cathode tube 21, a diffusion plate 23 and a plurality of optical sheets 24 provided above the cold cathode tube 21 on the liquid crystal panel 10 side.
- the diffusion plate 23 and the plurality of optical sheets 24 are arranged in this order from the cold cathode tube 21 side to the liquid crystal panel 10 side.
- the liquid crystal panel 10 includes a VA mode liquid crystal cell 11, a front polarizing plate (observation surface side polarizing plate) 12 disposed on the front main surface side (observation surface side) of the liquid crystal cell 11, and a back main surface of the liquid crystal cell 11. And a back polarizing plate (backlight side polarizing plate) 13 disposed on the side (backlight light source 20 side).
- the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment further includes an optical element (optical member) 30 having a degree of polarization provided on the back light source 20 side of the back polarizing plate 13. .
- an arbitrary adhesive layer (not shown) is disposed between the liquid crystal cell 11 and the front polarizing plate 12 and between the liquid crystal cell 11 and the back polarizing plate 13. Further, an adhesive layer (not shown) for adhering both may be disposed between the back polarizing plate 13 and the optical element 30 having a polarization degree.
- the backlight source 20 further includes a light guide plate and a light reflector.
- the contrast of the back polarizing plate 13 is lower than the contrast of the front polarizing plate 12, and the transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 is higher than the transmittance of the front polarizing plate 12.
- the main transmittance k1 of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization is 80 to 86%, and the main transmittance k2 is 2 to 8%. Thereby, it is possible to improve the front white luminance while maintaining the front contrast ratio (contrast ratio in the front direction) of the liquid crystal display device.
- the main transmittance k2 of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree exceeds 8%, the contrast of the back polarizing plate 13 is made smaller than the contrast of the front polarizing plate 12, and the transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 is changed to that of the front polarizing plate 12. Even if it is larger than the transmittance, the front white luminance is hardly improved.
- the main transmittance k2 of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree is 8% or less, the contrast of the back polarizing plate 13 is made smaller than the contrast of the front polarizing plate 12, and the transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 is changed to the front polarizing plate.
- the transmittance is higher than the transmittance of the plate 12, the front white luminance can be improved while maintaining the front contrast ratio.
- the orthogonal transmittance of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree is high. Therefore, when the optical element 30 having the polarization degree is combined with the back polarizing plate 13, the liquid crystal In order to maintain the contrast of the display device, a polarizing plate with high contrast is required as the back polarizing plate 13. Therefore, it is necessary to use a polarizing plate having a low transmittance as much as the back polarizing plate 13, and it is considered that the front white luminance is not improved.
- the liquid crystal panel 10 is preferably of a normally black type.
- the “normally black method” refers to a liquid crystal panel that is designed so that the transmittance is minimized when the voltage is not applied (the screen becomes black) and the transmittance is increased when the voltage is applied.
- the effect of the present invention is particularly remarkable in a normally black liquid crystal panel that performs black display when no voltage is applied. It is considered that the effect obtained by using two polarizing plates 12 and 13 having different transmittances is not hindered by driving of liquid crystal molecules.
- the transmission axis of the front polarizing plate 12 and the transmission axis of the back polarizing plate 13 are arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal when the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is viewed in plan. That is, the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 are preferably arranged in crossed Nicols. Further, the transmission axis of the back polarizing plate 13 and the transmission axis of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree are arranged so as to be substantially parallel when the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is viewed in plan.
- the angle formed by the transmission axis of the front polarizing plate 12 and the transmission axis of the back polarizing plate 13 is within a range of 90 ° ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably 90 ° ⁇ 0.3 °).
- the angle formed by the transmission axis of the back polarizing plate 13 and the transmission axis of the optical element 30 having a polarization degree is in the range of 0 ° ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably, 0 ° ⁇ 0.3 °). It is preferable to be within. Note that when the angle exceeds 90 ° or 0 ° to 1 °, that is, outside these numerical ranges, a decrease in contrast may be confirmed at the viewing angle from the front.
- Arbitrary layers may be disposed between the constituent members of the liquid crystal panel 10.
- an arbitrary retardation film can be disposed between the front polarizing plate 12 and / or the back polarizing plate 13 and the liquid crystal cell 11.
- any appropriate positional relationship can be selected as the relationship between the slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizing plate depending on the driving mode of the liquid crystal cell.
- liquid crystal cell 11 Any appropriate liquid crystal cell 11 can be adopted. Examples of the liquid crystal cell 11 include an active matrix type using a thin film transistor and a simple matrix type represented by a super twist nematic liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal cell 11 preferably includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer as a display medium sandwiched between the pair of substrates.
- One substrate active matrix substrate
- a switching element typically a TFT
- the other substrate color filter substrate
- the color filter may be provided on the active matrix substrate.
- the color filter can be omitted.
- the distance between the two substrates is controlled by a spacer. For example, an alignment film made of polyimide is provided on the side of each substrate in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal cell 11 preferably includes a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules (vertically aligned liquid crystal) aligned in a homeotropic alignment in the absence of an electric field.
- liquid crystal molecules vertical aligned liquid crystal
- homeotropic alignment means that the alignment vector of liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular and uniform with respect to the substrate plane as a result of the interaction between the aligned and unaligned substrate and the liquid crystal molecules. It is in a state of being oriented.
- the homeotropic alignment includes the case where the liquid crystal molecules are slightly inclined with respect to the substrate plane, that is, the case where the liquid crystal molecules have a pretilt angle.
- Typical examples of the liquid crystal cell 11 include a vertical alignment (VA) mode, a vertical alignment twisted nematic (VATN) mode, and the like according to the classification according to the drive mode.
- Polarizing plate refers to a material that converts natural light or polarized light into linearly polarized light.
- the polarizing plate has a function of separating incident light into two orthogonally polarized components, transmitting one polarized component, and absorbing, reflecting and / or scattering the other polarized component.
- the thicknesses of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 are not particularly limited, and include the general concepts of thin films, films, and sheets.
- the thickness of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 is preferably 1 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 may be a layer having a single-layer polarization function (also referred to as a polarizer), or may be a laminate including a plurality of layers.
- a polarizer also referred to as a polarizer
- examples of the configuration include (a) a laminate including a polarizer and a protective layer; (b) a polarizer, a protective layer, and a surface treatment layer. (C) a laminate including two or more polarizers, and the like.
- the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 may have two or more surface treatment layers.
- the protective layer may also have a function of expanding the viewing angle of the liquid crystal cell 11 (a layer having such a function is also referred to as an optical compensation layer).
- the transmittance (T1) of the front polarizing plate 12 is preferably 40 to 45%, more preferably 42 to 44%.
- T1 is less than 40%, the front white luminance improvement effect may not be sufficiently obtained.
- T1 exceeds 45%, the front contrast ratio may decrease.
- the transmittance (T2) of the back polarizing plate 13 is preferably 42 to 48%, more preferably 43 to 46%. If the T1 is less than 42%, the front contrast ratio may be lowered. On the other hand, if T1 exceeds 48%, the effect of improving the front white luminance may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the contrast (CR1) of the front polarizing plate 12 can be appropriately set within the range of 2000 to 60000. If CR1 is less than 2000, the effect of the present invention can be obtained, but the front contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device may be too low. On the other hand, when CR1 exceeds 60,000, the front white luminance may decrease.
- the contrast (CR2) of the back polarizing plate 13 can usually be appropriately set within 500 to 35000.
- CR2 is less than 500, the front contrast ratio may be lowered.
- CR2 exceeds 35000, the effect of the present invention is obtained, but the front white luminance may be lowered.
- the liquid crystal panel 10 can be produced by, for example, selecting commercially available polarizing plates having different transmittances and combining them appropriately.
- the liquid crystal panel 10 appropriately adjusts the transmittance and contrast of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 so as to increase the front contrast ratio in accordance with the driving mode and application of the liquid crystal cell 11. Produced.
- polarized light whose main component is a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing iodine in the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13.
- a method of adjusting the content of iodine in the polarizer can be mentioned. Specifically, when the content of iodine in the polarizer is increased, the transmittance of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 is low, the contrast can be increased, and the content of iodine in the polarizer is reduced.
- the transmittance of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 is high, and the contrast can be lowered.
- This method can be applied to the production of the roll-shaped front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 as well as the production of the sheet-like front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13.
- the polarizer will be described later.
- the front polarizing plate 12 includes a first polarizer
- the back polarizing plate 13 includes a second polarizer
- each of the first polarizer and the second polarizer includes polyvinyl which contains iodine.
- the main component is an alcohol resin.
- the polarizer can be usually obtained by stretching a polymer film containing as a main component a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing iodine. A polarizing plate including such a polarizer is excellent in optical characteristics.
- a commercially available film can be used as it is as the polymer film containing the polyvinyl alcohol resin as a main component.
- the polymer film containing a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol resin as a main component include, for example, the product name “Kuraray Vinylon Film” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., the product name “Tosero Vinylon Film” manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd., and Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Trade name of “Nippon Vinylon Film”.
- the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 preferably include a polarizer and protective layers disposed on both sides of the polarizer.
- the protective layer can prevent the polarizer from contracting or expanding, or can prevent deterioration due to ultraviolet rays, and a highly durable polarizing plate can be obtained.
- the front polarizing plate 12 preferably includes a first polarizer, a first protective layer disposed on the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the first polarizer, and the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the first polarizer. Comprises a second protective layer disposed on the opposite side.
- the back polarizing plate 13 is preferably a second polarizer, a third protective layer disposed on the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the second polarizer, and the liquid crystal cell 11 of the second polarizer. And a fourth protective layer disposed on the side opposite to the side.
- the protective layer and the polarizer can be laminated via any appropriate adhesive layer.
- the “adhesive layer” refers to a layer that joins surfaces of adjacent optical members and integrates them with practically sufficient adhesive force and adhesion time.
- the material for forming the adhesive layer include an adhesive and an anchor coat agent.
- the adhesive layer may have a multilayer structure in which an anchor coat layer is formed on the surface of an adherend and an adhesive layer is formed thereon. Further, it may be a thin layer (also referred to as a hairline) that cannot be visually recognized.
- the material for forming the adhesive layer is preferably a water-soluble adhesive.
- the water-soluble adhesive is preferably a water-soluble adhesive mainly composed of a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- a commercially available adhesive can be used as it is for the adhesive layer. Or a solvent and an additive can also be mixed and used for a commercially available adhesive agent.
- As an adhesive mainly composed of a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol-based resin for example, “GOHSEIMER Z200” manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. may be mentioned.
- the water-soluble adhesive may further contain a crosslinking agent as an additive.
- the crosslinking agent include amine compounds, aldehyde compounds, methylol compounds, epoxy compounds, isocyanate compounds, and polyvalent metal salts.
- a commercially available crosslinking agent can be used as it is.
- commercially available crosslinking agents include aldehyde compounds manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and trade name “glyoxazal”.
- the amount of the crosslinking agent added can be appropriately adjusted according to the purpose, but is usually more than 0 and 10 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the water-soluble adhesive.
- the first protective layer is disposed on the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the first polarizer. Any appropriate value can be selected as the thickness of the first protective layer depending on the purpose.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m. By setting the thickness of the first protective layer in the above range, a polarizing plate excellent in mechanical strength and durability can be obtained.
- the first protective layer is disposed between the polarizers on both sides of the front and back, the optical characteristics may affect the display characteristics of the liquid crystal display device. Therefore, the first protective layer preferably has high optical transparency, and from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the first polarizer, those having excellent heat resistance, moisture permeability and mechanical strength are preferable. From the viewpoint of improving the adhesion with the first polarizer, those excellent in surface smoothness and adhesion with the adhesive are preferred, and from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion with the liquid crystal cell 11, the adhesive and Those having excellent adhesion are preferred.
- any appropriate material can be adopted as the material for forming the first protective layer.
- a polymer film made of a norbornene resin, a polymer film made of a cellulose resin, and the like can be given.
- a polymer film made of a norbornene resin from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of unevenness in light leakage during black display due to temperature unevenness and the like, it is most preferable to use a polymer film made of a norbornene resin.
- a commercially available film can be used as it is for the first protective layer.
- a commercially available film subjected to secondary processing such as stretching treatment and / or shrinking treatment can be used in order to provide a retardation film function for optical compensation.
- Examples of the polymer film made of a commercially available cellulose resin include “Fujitac” (trade name) manufactured by Fuji Photo Film, “KC8UX2M” (trade name) manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto, and the like.
- Examples of the polymer film made of a norbornene-based resin include a trade name “ZEONOR FILM” manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. and a product name “ARTON” manufactured by JSR Corporation.
- the second protective layer is disposed on the opposite side of the first polarizer from the liquid crystal cell 11 side. Any appropriate layer can be adopted as the second protective layer. From the viewpoint of improving the durability of the first polarizer, the second protective layer is preferably excellent in heat resistance, moisture permeability and mechanical strength, and improved in adhesion to the first polarizer. From this viewpoint, those excellent in surface smoothness and adhesiveness with an adhesive are preferable.
- the second protective layer is a polymer film made of a cellulose resin from the viewpoint of adhesiveness with the first polarizer.
- the polymer film made of the cellulose-based resin a film similar to that described in the first protective layer is preferably used.
- a commercially available polymer film subjected to surface treatment can be used as it is.
- a commercially available polymer film can be used after any surface treatment.
- the surface treatment include diffusion treatment (antiglare treatment), antireflection treatment (antireflection treatment), hard coat treatment, and antistatic treatment.
- Examples of commercially available diffusion-treated (anti-glare-treated) products include AG150, AGS1, AGS2, and AGT1 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation.
- antireflection treatment examples include ARS and ARC manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation.
- examples of commercially available films that have been subjected to hard coat treatment and antistatic treatment include trade name “KC8UX-HA” manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto.
- a surface treatment layer may be provided on the side of the second protective layer opposite to the side provided with the first polarizer. Any appropriate layer can be adopted as the surface treatment layer depending on the purpose. For example, a diffusion treatment (antiglare treatment) layer, an antireflection treatment (antireflection treatment) layer, a hard coat treatment layer, an antistatic treatment layer and the like can be mentioned. These surface treatment layers are used for the purpose of preventing the screen from being soiled or damaged, or preventing the display image from becoming difficult to see due to the reflection of indoor fluorescent light or sunlight on the screen. In general, the surface treatment layer is obtained by fixing the treatment agent for forming the treatment layer on the surface of the base film. The base film may also serve as the second protective layer.
- the surface treatment layer may have a multilayer structure in which, for example, a hard coat treatment layer is laminated on the antistatic treatment layer.
- a hard coat treatment layer is laminated on the antistatic treatment layer.
- Examples of the commercially available surface-treated layer that has been subjected to antireflection treatment include ReaLook series manufactured by NOF Corporation.
- the surface treatment layer preferably has a so-called moth-eye structure in which a fine concavo-convex pattern in which the concavo-convex period is controlled to be equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light is formed on the surface of the base film.
- a fine concavo-convex pattern in which the concavo-convex period is controlled to be equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light is formed on the surface of the base film.
- the third protective layer is disposed on the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the second polarizer.
- 3rd protective layer arbitrary appropriate things can be employ
- the first protective layer and the third protective layer may be the same or different.
- the fourth protective layer is disposed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell 11 side of the second polarizer.
- As said 4th protective layer arbitrary appropriate things can be employ
- the second protective layer and the fourth protective layer may be the same or different.
- At least one of the first protective layer and the third protective layer also serves as a retardation film (optical compensation layer) for optical compensation (viewing angle compensation).
- optical compensation layer optical compensation layer
- light leakage in an oblique direction at the time of black display can be reduced, so that the light emitted in the front direction can be reduced by being emitted obliquely and scattered by the surface treatment layer or the like. Can do. Therefore, the effect of the present invention can be achieved more effectively.
- the third protective layer when only one of the first protective layer and the third protective layer has the role of a retardation film, the third protective layer preferably has the function. That is, the back polarizing plate preferably has a retardation film on the liquid crystal cell side. In the liquid crystal cell, there are many scattering components that cause depolarization, such as switching elements, wiring, and color filters. Therefore, in the case where optical compensation is performed before depolarization occurs (third protection) than in the case where optical compensation is performed after depolarization occurs (when the first protective layer has a role of retardation film). The optical compensation can be performed more effectively when the layer has the role of a retardation film.
- the third protective layer has the role of a retardation film
- light leakage in the oblique direction during black display can be further reduced.
- Light scattered in the front direction can be further reduced by scattering at the treatment layer or the like. Therefore, the effect of the present invention can be achieved more effectively.
- the main refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz preferably satisfy the relationship of nx ⁇ ny> nz.
- one retardation film satisfying the relationship of nx> ny> nz is disposed as the first protective layer or the third protective layer.
- a mode in which the film is arranged as the other of the first protective layer and the third protective layer, and one retardation film satisfying the relationship of nx> ny> nz is arranged as the first protective layer, and nx> ny> It can be realized by a form in which one retardation film satisfying the relationship of nz is disposed as the third protective layer.
- a specific retardation value if it is the design by which the light leakage of a diagonal direction is reduced, it will not specifically limit, It can set arbitr
- a polymer film made of a cellulose resin is usually used as the fourth protective layer.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is an ideal design value (for example, When the angle is deviated from (90 °), the contrast of the liquid crystal display device at an oblique viewing angle is deteriorated.
- the angle between the slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the polarizer is ideal due to processing during bonding and variations in the slow axis during retardation film production. It is difficult to achieve the same design value. That is, in a conventional homeotropic alignment (vertical alignment) liquid crystal display device having a retardation film as the third protective layer, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device at an oblique viewing angle tends to deteriorate.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment even if the liquid crystal layer includes vertically aligned liquid crystal and the retardation film is disposed as the third protective layer, the same polarization is applied to the front polarizing plate and the back polarizing plate.
- the deterioration of contrast at an oblique viewing angle due to the shift of the axes of the retardation film and the polarizer in the back polarizing plate 13 is suppressed, and further the oblique viewing angle.
- the contrast in can be improved. That is, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment can realize a design that is resistant to axial misalignment between the retardation film and the polarizer in the back polarizing plate 13 (design with a large misalignment margin).
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film as the third protective layer and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is preferably 90 ° ⁇ 1 ° (more Preferably, it can be set within a range of 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °.
- the margin of axial deviation between the retardation film as the first protective layer and the first polarizer is larger than the margin on the back polarizing plate 13 side. small. More specifically, the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film as the first protective layer and the absorption axis of the first polarizer is 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 ° (more preferably, 90 ° It is preferable to set within the range of ° ⁇ 0.3 °.
- the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is suitable for a configuration in which the back polarizing plate 13 includes the retardation layer on the liquid crystal cell 11 side and the liquid crystal layer includes the vertically aligned liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal layer includes a vertically aligned liquid crystal
- the back polarizing plate 13 includes a negative C plate on the optical element 30 side having a polarization degree. Particularly preferred.
- the thickness direction retardation value Rth [550] of the negative C plate functioning as a protective layer is preferably 100 nm (more preferably 70 nm) or less. If it exceeds 100 nm, the contrast of the oblique viewing angle may be lowered.
- the in-plane retardation value Re [550] of the negative C plate is not necessarily 0 nm as long as the effect of the present invention can be obtained, and is 10 nm (more preferably 5 nm) or less. It is preferable. If it exceeds 10 nm, the front contrast may be lowered.
- the polarizing plates (the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13) are attached to a liquid crystal panel via an adhesive layer.
- an appropriate adhesive and / or anchor coat agent can be selected according to the type and application of the adherend.
- Specific examples of adhesives include solvent-based adhesives, emulsion-type adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives, rehumidifying adhesives, polycondensation-type adhesives, solventless adhesives, and film-like adhesives according to the classification by shape. Agents, hot melt adhesives and the like. According to the classification by chemical structure, synthetic resin adhesives, rubber adhesives, natural product adhesives and the like can be mentioned.
- the adhesive includes a viscoelastic substance (also referred to as an adhesive) that exhibits an adhesive force that can be sensed by pressure contact at room temperature.
- the material forming the adhesive layer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (also referred to as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive) having an acrylic polymer as a base polymer. This is because it is excellent in transparency, adhesiveness, weather resistance and heat resistance.
- the thickness of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately adjusted according to the material and application of the adherend, but is usually 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the optical element 30 having a degree of polarization may be any element as long as it has a function of separating incident light into two orthogonal polarization components, transmitting one polarization component, and absorbing or reflecting the other polarization component.
- Examples include wire grid polarizers, iodine-based polarizers, dye-based polarizers, etc., but from the viewpoint of further improving the luminance (white luminance) when displaying a white image on a liquid crystal display device, it is not transmitted. It is preferable to use a brightness enhancement film or a wire grid polarizer having a function of reflecting the polarization component. Thereby, since the light which does not permeate
- the main transmittance k1 of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization is 80 to 86%, preferably 82 to 84%. If the main transmittance k1 is less than 80%, the front white luminance may decrease. On the other hand, when the main transmittance k1 exceeds 86%, it becomes difficult to achieve the main transmittance k2.
- the main transmittance k2 of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization is 2 to 8%, preferably 2 to 6%. If the main transmittance k2 exceeds 8%, the front contrast ratio may decrease. On the other hand, if the main transmittance k2 is less than 2%, the front white luminance may be reduced.
- the brightness enhancement film is used for improving the white brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
- the brightness enhancement film is a laminate including a thermoplastic resin layer (A) and a thermoplastic resin layer (B).
- the brightness enhancement film is a film in which a thermoplastic resin layer (A) and a thermoplastic resin layer (B) are alternately arranged (ABABAB).
- the number of layers constituting the brightness enhancement film is preferably 2 to 20 layers, and more preferably 2 to 15 layers.
- the brightness enhancement film having such a structure is produced, for example, by co-extruding two kinds of resins and stretching the extruded film.
- the total thickness of the brightness enhancement film is preferably 20 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin layer (A) exhibits optical anisotropy.
- the in-plane birefringence index ( ⁇ nA) of the thermoplastic resin (A) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and further preferably 0.15 or more. From the viewpoint of optical uniformity, the upper limit value of ⁇ nA is preferably 0.2.
- ⁇ nA represents a difference (nxA ⁇ nyA) between nxA (refractive index in the slow axis direction) and nyA (refractive index in the fast axis direction).
- the thermoplastic resin layer (B) is preferably substantially optically isotropic.
- the in-plane birefringence ( ⁇ nB) of the thermoplastic resin (B) is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and further preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 10. -4 or less.
- the lower limit value of ⁇ nB is preferably 0.01 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- ⁇ nB represents a difference (nxB ⁇ nyB) between nxB (refractive index in the slow axis direction) and nyB (refractive index in the fast axis direction).
- nyA of the thermoplastic resin layer (A) and nyB of the thermoplastic resin layer (B) are substantially the same.
- the absolute value of the difference between nyA and nyB is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less, and further preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or less.
- the brightness enhancement film having such optical characteristics is excellent in the function of reflecting the polarization component.
- thermoplastic resin layer (A) preferably contains a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a polytrimethylene terephthalate resin, a polybutylene terephthalate resin, a polyethylene naphthalate resin, a polybutylene naphthalate resin, or a mixture thereof. . These resins are excellent in the expression of birefringence due to stretching and excellent in the stability of birefringence after stretching.
- thermoplastic resin layer (B) preferably contains a polystyrene resin, a polymethyl methacrylate resin, a polystyrene glycidyl methacrylate resin, or a mixture thereof.
- a halogen group such as chlorine, bromine or iodine may be introduced in order to increase the refractive index.
- said resin may contain arbitrary additives, in order to adjust a refractive index.
- the wire grid polarizer is used to improve the white luminance of the liquid crystal display device.
- conductor wires such as metal are preferably arranged in a slit shape at a specific pitch on the substrate. If the pitch is considerably smaller than the incident light (for example, the wavelength of visible light of 400 to 800 nm) (for example, half or less), the electric field vector component that oscillates in parallel to the conductor line. Is reflected and almost perpendicular to the electric field vector component, so that a single polarized light can be created.
- the wire grid polarizer can be arbitrarily produced by, for example, the method described in JP-A-2005-70456.
- the performance (transmittance and contrast) of the wire grid polarizer can be changed by adjusting the width, period (pitch) and height (thickness) of the conductor wire (metal wire). More specifically, in this embodiment, the ratio W / P of the conductor wire width W and period (pitch) P is preferably 25 to 50%, and more preferably 30 to 42%.
- the period (pitch) of the conductor wire is preferably 500 nm or less, and more preferably 200 nm or less. Further, the thickness of the conductor wire is preferably 10 to 300 nm, more preferably 80 to 150 nm.
- the conductor wire material gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, nickel, titanium, tungsten, or an alloy thereof can be used.
- the reflectance is high, and the wavelength dependency on visible light. From the viewpoint of flatness and easy maintenance of high reflectivity against changes over time (cloudiness), it is most preferable to use aluminum.
- optical sheet 24 The number and type of the optical sheet 24 are not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected. As described above, as long as the optical member exemplified in FIG. 1 exhibits the effects of the present invention, a part of the optical member such as an illumination method of the liquid crystal display device and a driving mode of the liquid crystal cell may be omitted depending on the use. Other optical members can be substituted. Examples of the optical sheet 24 include a prism sheet (for example, trade name “BEF” manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), a diffusion sheet (for example, trade name “Opulse” manufactured by Eiwa Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- a prism sheet for example, trade name “BEF” manufactured by Sumitomo 3M
- diffusion sheet for example, trade name “Opulse” manufactured by Eiwa Co., Ltd.
- a prism sheet changes the light emission angle regularly and improves the brightness
- the diffusion sheet is for changing the light emission angle irregularly to improve the luminance in the normal direction and to make the luminance unevenness of the cold cathode tube 21 less noticeable.
- the diffusion plate 23 causes surface emission by diffusing the light emitted from the cold cathode tube 21.
- the diffusion plate 23 diffuses the light emitted from the cold cathode tube 21 in the surface direction, thereby making the luminance unevenness of the cold cathode tube 21 inconspicuous.
- the diffusion plate 23 is made of, for example, a polycarbonate resin, an acrylic resin, or the like.
- the material, thickness, haze value, etc. constituting the diffusion plate 23 are not particularly limited.
- the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is used for any appropriate application.
- Applications include, for example, OA devices such as personal computer monitors, laptop computers, and copy machines, mobile phones, watches, digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable devices such as portable game machines, video cameras, televisions, microwave ovens, etc.
- the use of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is a television.
- the screen size of the television is preferably a wide 17 type (373 mm ⁇ 224 mm) or more, more preferably a wide 23 type (499 mm ⁇ 300 mm) or more, and further preferably a wide 32 type (687 mm ⁇ 412 mm) or more. .
- the white luminance and black luminance of the liquid crystal panel 10 are mainly determined by the parallel transmittance and the orthogonal transmittance of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13. Therefore, if each is calculated, the white luminance and the black luminance of the liquid crystal panel 10 can be estimated.
- 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams for explaining how to obtain white luminance and black luminance in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1, in which FIG. 2A shows the case of white luminance, and FIG. 2B shows the case of black luminance. Indicates.
- the front white luminance in the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is obtained by changing the front polarizing plate 12, the back polarizing plate 13, and the optical element 30 having the polarization degree to the transmission axis 12t of the front polarizing plate 12.
- This corresponds to the parallel transmittance (white transmittance) when the transmission axis 13t of the back polarizing plate 13 and the transmission axis 30t of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree are arranged in parallel.
- the front black luminance in the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is such that the back polarizing plate 13 and the optical element 30 having the polarization degree are transmitted through the transmission axis 13t of the back polarizing plate 13 and the polarization.
- the optical polarizer 30 is arranged so that the transmission axis 30t of the optical element 30 is parallel to each other, and the front polarizing plate 12 has the transmission axis 12t of the front polarizing plate 12 and the transmission axis 13t of the back polarizing plate 13 and the degree of polarization. This corresponds to the orthogonal transmittance (black transmittance) when the optical element 30 is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the transmission axis 30t.
- the parallel transmittance of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization (corresponding to the main transmittance k1 of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization) is k1a
- the orthogonal transmittance of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization (optical having the degree of polarization).
- k1b for the parallel transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 corresponding to the main transmittance k1 of the back polarizing plate 13
- the orthogonal transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 back polarizing plate 13
- K2c is the light amount of natural light (the total light amount incident on the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization).
- Table 1 shows parameters of the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 used in the simulation
- Table 2 shows parameters of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization used in the simulation.
- Table 2 shows parameters of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization used in the simulation.
- 3 to 27 show graphs plotting the white luminance and contrast of the liquid crystal display device obtained by this simulation.
- the horizontal axis represents the parallel transmittance (when the natural light (backlight) is 100% and the transmission axes of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization, the back polarizing plate 13 and the front polarizing plate 12 are parallel).
- White transmittance which corresponds to the white luminance of the liquid crystal display device.
- the vertical axis represents the parallel transmittance plotted on the horizontal axis (white transmittance), the transmission axes of the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization and the back polarizing plate 13 are parallel, and the transmission of the back polarizing plate 13 is shown.
- the single transmittance of the plate 13 is represented by P (41), P (41.5), P (42), P (42.5), P (43), P (43.5), P (44) in Table 1. ), P (44.5), P (45), P (45.5), P (46), P (46.5), P (47), P (47.5) or P (48) The case of changing is shown.
- the white luminance changes in the direction in which the white luminance increases (from left to right in the figure) as the transmittance increases. Accordingly, in a series other than the series described as “same” in FIGS. 3 to 27, an area in which white luminance is larger than a point overlapping a plot of a series described as “same” (in each figure, “same” In the plot located in the right region of the plot of the series described in the above, the contrast of the back polarizing plate 13 is lower than the contrast of the front polarizing plate 12, and the transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 is It is a calculation result in the case where the transmittance is higher than the above, that is, corresponds to the embodiment according to the present invention.
- the main transmittance k1 of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree is set to 80 to 86%, and the main transmission is achieved. It has been found that by setting the rate k2 to 2 to 8%, the front white luminance can be improved while maintaining the same contrast (front contrast ratio) of the liquid crystal display device. Further, the transmittance of the back polarizing plate 13 in the series other than the series described as “same” in FIGS. 8 to 11, FIGS. 13 to 16, FIGS. 18 to 21, and FIGS. The higher plot (corresponding to the embodiment according to the present invention) is the series described as “identical” in FIGS. 8 to 11, FIGS. 13 to 16, FIGS. 18 to 21 and FIGS. The contrast and the front white brightness were superior to those of the equivalent).
- Example 17 In the liquid crystal display device of Example 17, as shown in FIG. 28, the optical element 30 having the degree of polarization, the back polarizing plate 13, the liquid crystal cell 11, and the front polarizing plate 12 are arranged in this order from the backlight source side. It has a laminated structure.
- the front polarizing plate 12 has a structure in which a retardation film 15A and a polarizer 14A having a low transmittance are stacked in this order from the liquid crystal cell 11 side.
- the back polarizing plate 13 has a structure in which a negative C plate 16 made of TAC or the like, a polarizer 14B having a high transmittance, and a retardation film 15B are laminated in this order from the optical element 30 side having a polarization degree.
- Rth [550] of the liquid crystal cell 11 was set to 325 nm.
- each parameter of the polarizer 14A and the polarizer 14B is as shown in Table 3 below. Further, the polarizer 14A and the polarizer 14B were arranged in crossed Nicols so that the absorption axis directions thereof were orthogonal to each other. Furthermore, the polarizer 14 ⁇ / b> B and the optical element 30 having the polarization degree are arranged in parallel Nicols so that the absorption axis directions thereof are parallel to each other.
- each parameter of the optical element 30 having the polarization degree is as shown in Table 4 below.
- the retardation films 15A and 15B are biaxial retardation films satisfying the relationship of nx> ny> nz, and Re [550] is set to 50 nm and Rth [550] is set to 135 nm.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film 15A and the absorption axis of the polarizer 14A was set to 90 °.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film 15B and the absorption axis of the polarizer 14B was changed by 90 ° from 90 ° to 0.1 °.
- Comparative Example 11 As shown in FIG. 29, the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 11 is the same as the liquid crystal display device of Example 17 except that both the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 have a polarizer 14A having a low transmittance. It has a configuration.
- Comparative Example 12 As shown in FIG. 30, the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 12 is the same as the liquid crystal display device of Example 17 except that both the front polarizing plate 12 and the back polarizing plate 13 have a polarizer 14B having a high transmittance. It has a configuration.
- Example 17 (Diagonal contrast) For Example 17 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device when observed from an oblique viewing angle was simulated.
- the observation from an oblique viewing angle is an observation from a direction that divides the absorption axes of the polarizers 14A and 14B into two equal parts and a direction that is inclined by 60 ° from the normal direction of the display surface.
- the contrast was increased when the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film 15B and the absorption axis of the polarizer 14B was slightly shifted from 90 °.
- Example 17 even when the deviation from 90 ° between the slow axis of the retardation film 15B and the absorption axis of the polarizer 14B is larger, the contrast is larger than those of Comparative Examples 11 and 12. could be maintained.
- Example 17 was more than Comparative Examples 11 and 12. It was also confirmed that excellent contrast was exhibited.
- Liquid crystal panel 11 Liquid crystal cell 12: Front polarizing plate 13: Back polarizing plate 14A, 14B: Polarizers 15A, 15B: Retardation film 16: Negative C plate 20: Backlight light source 21: Cold cathode tube 22: Housing 23: Diffuser 24: Optical sheet 30: Optical element having polarization degree
Abstract
Description
本発明の液晶表示装置における好ましい形態について以下に詳しく説明する。なお、以下に示す各形態は、適宜組み合わされてもよい。
(1)主屈折率(nx、ny、nz)
「nx」は面内の屈折率が最大となる方向(すなわち、遅相軸方向)の屈折率であり、「ny」は面内で遅相軸と直交する方向、「nz」は厚み方向の屈折率である。
(2)面内の位相差値
面内の位相差値(Re[λ])は、23℃で波長λ(nm)におけるフィルムの面内の位相差値をいう。Re[λ]は、フィルムの厚みをd(nm)としたとき、Re[λ]=(nx-ny)×dによって求められる。
(3)厚み方向の位相差値
厚み方向の位相差値(Rth[λ])は、23℃で波長λ(nm)におけるフィルムの厚み方向の位相差値をいう。Re[λ]は、フィルムの厚みをd(nm)としたとき、Rth[λ]=(nx-nz)×dによって求められる。
図1は、実施形態1の液晶表示装置の断面模式図である。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置は、液晶パネル10と、液晶パネル10の後方に配置されたバックライト光源20とを備える。バックライト光源20は、冷陰極管21と、冷陰極管21を保持する筐体22と、冷陰極管21の液晶パネル10側の上方に設けられた拡散板23及び複数の光学シート24とを備える。拡散板23及び複数の光学シート24は、冷陰極管21側から液晶パネル10側にこの順に配置されている。液晶パネル10は、VAモードの液晶セル11と、液晶セル11の表主面側(観察面側)に配置された表偏光板(観察面側偏光板)12と、液晶セル11の裏主面側(バックライト光源20側)に配置された裏偏光板(バックライト側偏光板)13とを備える。本実施形態の液晶表示装置は、表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13に加えて、裏偏光板13のバックライト光源20側に設けられた偏光度を持つ光学素子(光学部材)30を更に備える。
以下、本実施形態の液晶表示装置の各構成についてより詳細に説明する。
液晶パネル10は、好ましくは、ノーマリーブラック方式である。なお、本明細書において「ノーマリーブラック方式」とは、電圧無印加時に透過率が最小(画面が黒くなる状態)になり、電圧印加時に透過率が高くなるように設計されている液晶パネルをいう。本発明の効果は、電圧無印加時に黒表示を行う、ノーマリーブラック方式の液晶パネルにおいて、特に顕著である。透過率の異なる2枚の偏光板12、13を用いて得られる効果が、液晶分子の駆動によって阻害されないためであると考えられる。
液晶セル11としては、任意の適切なものが採用され得る。液晶セル11としては、例えば、薄膜トランジスタを用いたアクティブマトリクス型のもの、スーパーツイストネマチック液晶表示装置に代表される単純マトリクス型のもの等が挙げられる。
本実施形態における偏光板(表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13)は、透過率及びコントラストが上記の関係を満足するものであれば、任意の適切なものが採用され得る。本明細書において、「偏光板」は、自然光又は偏光を直線偏光に変換するものをいう。好ましくは、上記偏光板は、入射する光を直交する2つの偏光成分に分離し、一方の偏光成分を透過させ、他方の偏光成分を、吸収、反射及び/又は散乱させる機能を有する。
本実施形態に用いられる偏光子は、任意の適切なものが採用され得る。好ましくは、表偏光板12は第1の偏光子を含み、裏偏光板13は第2の偏光子を含み、該第1の偏光子及び該第2の偏光子は、それぞれヨウ素を含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を主成分とする。上記偏光子は、通常、ヨウ素を含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を主成分とする高分子フィルムを延伸して得ることができる。このような偏光子を含む偏光板は、光学特性に優れる。
表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13は、好ましくは、偏光子と、該偏光子の両側に配置された保護層とを備える。上記保護層は、例えば、偏光子が収縮や膨張することを防いだり、紫外線による劣化を防いだりすることができ、耐久性の高い偏光板を得ることができる。
第1の保護層は、第1の偏光子の液晶セル11側に配置される。上記第1の保護層の厚みは、目的に応じて、任意の適切な値が選択され得る。上記保護層の厚みは、好ましくは、20~100μmである。第1の保護層の厚みを上記の範囲とすることによって、機械的強度や耐久性に優れた偏光板が得られ得る。
第2の保護層は、第1の偏光子の液晶セル11側とは反対側に配置される。上記第2の保護層としては、任意の適切なものが採用され得る。上記第2の保護層は、上記第1の偏光子の耐久性向上の観点からは、耐熱性、透湿性及び機械強度に優れているものが好ましく、上記第1の偏光子との密着性向上の観点からは、表面平滑性及び接着剤との密着性に優れているものが好ましい。
必要に応じて、上記第2の保護層の第1の偏光子を備える側とは反対側に、表面処理層を設けてもよい。上記表面処理層は、目的に応じて、任意の適切なものを採用し得る。例えば、拡散処理(アンチグレア処理)層、反射防止処理(アンチリフレクション処理)層、ハードコート処理層、帯電防止処理層等が挙げられる。これらの表面処理層は、画面の汚れや傷つきを防止したり、室内の蛍光灯や太陽光線が画面に写り込むことによって、表示画像が見え難くなることを防止したりする目的で使用される。表面処理層は、一般的には、ベースフィルムの表面に上記の処理層を形成する処理剤を固着させたものが用いられる。上記ベースフィルムは、上記第2の保護層を兼ねていてもよい。更に、表面処理層は、例えば、帯電防止処理層の上にハードコート処理層を積層したような多層構造を有してもよい。反射防止処理が施された市販の表面処理層としては、例えば、日本油脂社製のReaLookシリーズ等が挙げられる。
第3の保護層は、第2の偏光子の液晶セル11側に配置される。上記第3の保護層としては、上述した第1の保護層に記載した材料、特性、条件等から任意の適切なものが採用され得る。上記第1の保護層と上記第3の保護層とは、それぞれ同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
第4の保護層は、第2の偏光子の液晶セル11側とは反対側に配置される。上記第4の保護層としては、上述した第2の保護層に記載した材料、特性、条件等から任意の適切なものが採用され得る。上記第2の保護層と上記第4の保護層とは、それぞれ同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
好ましい実施形態においては、上記偏光板(表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13)は、接着層を介して、液晶パネルに貼着される。上記接着層を形成する材料としては、被着体の種類や用途に応じて、適切な接着剤及び/又はアンカーコート剤が選択され得る。接着剤の具体例としては、形状による分類によれば、溶剤形接着剤、エマルジョン形接着剤、感圧性接着剤、再湿性接着剤、重縮合形接着剤、無溶剤形接着剤、フィルム状接着剤、ホットメルト形接着剤等が挙げられる。化学構造による分類によれば、合成樹脂接着剤、ゴム系接着剤、天然物接着剤等が挙げられる。なお、上記接着剤は、加圧接触で感知し得る接着力を常温で示す粘弾性物質(粘着剤ともいう)を包含する。
偏光度を持つ光学素子30は、入射する光を直交する2つの偏光成分に分離し、一方の偏光成分を透過させ、他方の偏光成分を吸収、または反射させる機能を有するものであればよい。例としては、ワイヤーグリッド偏光子、ヨウ素系偏光子、染料系偏光子等が挙げられるが、液晶表示装置に白画像を表示した場合の輝度(白輝度)をより向上させる観点からは、透過させない偏光成分を反射させる機能を持っている、輝度向上フィルム又はワイヤーグリッド偏光子を用いることが好ましい。これにより、透過しない光を反射して再利用することができるので、光の有効利用の観点からも好ましい。
上記輝度向上フィルムは、液晶表示装置の白輝度を向上させるために用いられる。好ましくは、上記輝度向上フィルムは、熱可塑性樹脂層(A)と熱可塑性樹脂層(B)とを含む積層体である。代表的には、上記輝度向上フィルムは、熱可塑性樹脂層(A)と熱可塑性樹脂層(B)とを交互に並べたもの(ABABAB・・・)である。上記輝度向上フィルムを構成する層の数は、好ましくは2~20層であり、より好ましくは2~15層である。このような構造を有する輝度向上フィルムは、例えば、2種類の樹脂を共押出し、その押出フィルムを延伸して作製される。上記輝度向上フィルムの総厚みは、好ましくは20~800μmである。
上記ワイヤーグリッド偏光子は、液晶表示装置の白輝度を向上させるために用いられる。上記ワイヤーグリッド偏光子は、好ましくは、基板上に金属等の導電体線が特定のピッチでスリット状に配列される。そして、そのピッチが入射光(例えば、可視光の波長400~800nm)に比べてかなり小さい場合(例えば、2分の1以下)であれば、導電体線に対して平行に振動する電場ベクトル成分をほとんど反射し、垂直な電場ベクトル成分をほとんど透過させるため、単一偏光を作り出すことができる。
光学シート24は、枚数、種類に特に制限がなく、任意に選定される。このように、図1に例示した光学部材は、本発明の効果が奏する限りにおいて、液晶表示装置の照明方式や液晶セルの駆動モード等、用途に応じてその一部が省略され得るか、又は、他の光学部材に代替され得る。光学シート24の例としては、プリズムシート(例えば、住友スリーエム社製の商品名「BEF」)、拡散シート(例えば、恵和社製の商品名「オパルス」)等が挙げられる。なお、プリズムシートは、光出射角度を規則的に変えて法線方向の輝度を向上するものである。拡散シートは、光出射角度を不規則に変えて法線方向の輝度を向上するとともに、冷陰極管21の輝度ムラをより目立たなくするためのものである。
拡散板23は、冷陰極管21から発光された光を拡散させることによって、面発光させる。拡散板23は、冷陰極管21の出射する光を面方向に拡散させることによって、冷陰極管21の輝度ムラを目立たなくする。拡散板23は、例えば、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂等から構成される。拡散板23を構成する材料、厚さ、ヘイズ値等は、特に限定されるものではない。
以下に、コンピュータシミュレーションにより本発明の効果を検証した結果を示す。
液晶パネル10の白輝度及び黒輝度は、主に表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13の平行透過率及び直交透過率によって決定される。よってそれぞれを計算すれば、液晶パネル10の白輝度及び黒輝度が見積もることができる。図2は、実施形態1の液晶表示装置における白輝度及び黒輝度の求め方を説明するための模式図であり、(a)は、白輝度の場合を、(b)は、黒輝度の場合を示す。
平行透過率(白透過率)=(k1a×k1b×k1c)/2+(k2a×k2b×k2c)/2 (1)
直交透過率(黒透過率)=(k1a×k1b×k2c)/2+(k2a×k2b×k1c)/2 (2)
実施例17の液晶表示装置は、図28に示すように、バックライト光源側から、偏光度を持つ光学素子30と、裏偏光板13と、液晶セル11と、表偏光板12とがこの順に積層された構造を有する。
比較例11の液晶表示装置は、図29に示すように、表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13がともに、透過率の低い偏光子14Aを有すること以外は、実施例17の液晶表示装置と同じ構成を有する。
比較例12の液晶表示装置は、図30に示すように、表偏光板12及び裏偏光板13がともに、透過率の高い偏光子14Bを有すること以外は、実施例17の液晶表示装置と同じ構成を有する。
実施例17及び比較例11、12について、斜め視野角から観察したときの液晶表示装置のコントラストをシミュレーションした。なお、斜め視野角からの観察とは、偏光子14A、14Bの吸収軸を2等分する方向、かつ表示面の法線方向から60°傾斜した方向からの観察である。その結果、図31に示すように、実施例17では、位相差フィルム15Bの遅相軸と、偏光子14Bの吸収軸とのなす角が、90°から少しずれた場合にコントラストが上昇した。
11:液晶セル
12:表偏光板
13:裏偏光板
14A、14B:偏光子
15A、15B:位相差フィルム
16:ネガティブCプレート
20:バックライト光源
21:冷陰極管
22:筐体
23:拡散板
24:光学シート
30:偏光度を持つ光学素子
Claims (13)
- 表偏光板、液晶セル、裏偏光板及び偏光度を持つ光学素子をこの順に有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記裏偏光板の透過率は、前記表偏光板の透過率よりも大きく、
前記裏偏光板のコントラストは、前記表偏光板のコントラストよりも小さく、
前記偏光度を持つ光学素子は、主透過率k1が80~86%であり、主透過率k2が2~8%であることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 前記表偏光板及び前記裏偏光板の少なくとも一方は、前記液晶セル側に位相差層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶セルは、電界が存在しない状態で、ホメオトロピック配列に配向させた液晶分子を含む液晶層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記位相差層は、屈折率楕円体がnx≧ny>nzの条件を満たす位相差フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項2又は3記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記裏偏光板は、前記液晶セル側に位相差層を備え、
前記液晶セルは、電界が存在しない状態で、ホメオトロピック配列に配向させた液晶分子を含む液晶層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記裏偏光板は、前記偏光度を持つ光学素子側にネガティブCプレートを備えることを特徴とする請求項5記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記偏光度を持つ光学素子の主透過率k1は、82~84%であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記偏光度を持つ光学素子の主透過率k2は、2~6%であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記表偏光板の透過率は、40~45%であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記表偏光板の透過率は、42~44%であることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記裏偏光板の透過率は、42~48%であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記裏偏光板の透過率は、43~46%であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記偏光度を持つ光学素子は、輝度向上フィルム又はワイヤーグリッド偏光子であることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
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JP2010545325A JP4691615B2 (ja) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-10-08 | 液晶表示装置 |
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WO2012005050A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
WO2014027459A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光学素子、光学装置及び映像表示装置 |
JP2019505081A (ja) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-02-21 | 武漢華星光電技術有限公司 | バックライトモジュール |
JP2019086719A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-06-06 | パナソニック液晶ディスプレイ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
JPWO2020070962A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-02 | 2021-09-02 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光板 |
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JP2015082017A (ja) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-27 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 液晶表示装置 |
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- 2009-10-08 EP EP09840411.4A patent/EP2400341B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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- 2009-10-08 US US13/002,607 patent/US8013954B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-08 WO PCT/JP2009/067568 patent/WO2010095308A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-10-08 RU RU2011118349/28A patent/RU2451314C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-08 CN CN2009801155191A patent/CN102016700B/zh active Active
- 2009-10-08 JP JP2010545325A patent/JP4691615B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (8)
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WO2012005050A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
US8913217B2 (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2014-12-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device |
WO2014027459A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光学素子、光学装置及び映像表示装置 |
JPWO2014027459A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-14 | 2016-07-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光学素子、光学装置及び映像表示装置 |
JP2019505081A (ja) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-02-21 | 武漢華星光電技術有限公司 | バックライトモジュール |
JP2019086719A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-06-06 | パナソニック液晶ディスプレイ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
JP7030480B2 (ja) | 2017-11-09 | 2022-03-07 | パナソニック液晶ディスプレイ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
JPWO2020070962A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-02 | 2021-09-02 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0924038A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
JPWO2010095308A1 (ja) | 2012-08-23 |
EP2400341A1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
RU2451314C1 (ru) | 2012-05-20 |
EP2400341A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
US8013954B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
JP4691615B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
US20110109850A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
CN102016700B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
EP2400341B1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
CN102016700A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
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