WO2010071157A1 - 収音装置 - Google Patents
収音装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010071157A1 WO2010071157A1 PCT/JP2009/070994 JP2009070994W WO2010071157A1 WO 2010071157 A1 WO2010071157 A1 WO 2010071157A1 JP 2009070994 W JP2009070994 W JP 2009070994W WO 2010071157 A1 WO2010071157 A1 WO 2010071157A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unidirectional
- microphone
- microphones
- sound
- plane
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
- H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sound collection device that collects sound around a casing.
- Patent Document 1 As a device that collects sound around a casing, there is a device as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the device of Patent Document 1 includes a microphone (hereinafter simply referred to as a microphone) on each surface of a tetrahedron, and can collect sound in the entire circumferential direction.
- a microphone hereinafter simply referred to as a microphone
- the sound collection directions of the three unidirectional microphones are arranged to be shifted 120 degrees outward, and the sound in the entire circumferential direction is collected.
- An apparatus for detecting a direction has also been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 an apparatus for picking up sound in an arbitrary direction using a plurality of microphones has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 3).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 51-32319 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-153941 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-48355
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a problem that an error with respect to a desired directivity becomes large particularly in a high frequency band such as 1 kHz or more because the vibration surfaces of the microphones are separated from each other.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a sound collecting device with a small error with respect to desired directivity.
- the sound collection device of the present invention includes a plurality of unidirectional microphones, a plurality of gain adjustment units that adjust the gain of the sound collected by each microphone, and an addition unit that adds the gain-adjusted sounds.
- the plurality of unidirectional microphones are arranged on one plane, and the direction of the maximum sensitivity of each unidirectional microphone is directed to the inner side of the arrangement.
- the sound collection device of the present invention can be arranged with the vibration surfaces closer to each other than facing outward by directing the direction of maximum sensitivity of each microphone toward the inner side of the array. Therefore, when signals are added by the adder, the time lag between signals obtained on the vibration surfaces of different microphones is reduced, and an error with respect to desired directivity can be reduced.
- an error with respect to desired directivity can be reduced even in a high frequency band of 1 kHz or higher.
- another unidirectional microphone having a sensitivity maximum direction in a direction opposite to the direction toward the plane may be further arranged at a position different from the plane.
- another unidirectional microphone having a direction of maximum sensitivity in a direction toward the plane may be further arranged at a position different from the plane.
- directivity can be formed in the direction in which another unidirectional microphone is arranged, and directivity can be freely set in a desired direction in the three-dimensional direction (global direction). Can be formed.
- the plurality of unidirectional microphones are arranged so as to form a polygon having each unidirectional microphone as a vertex, and the direction of the maximum sensitivity of each unidirectional microphone is defined as a line segment of the polygon. You may make it face up or inside.
- the plurality of unidirectional microphones may be arranged so that the directional axes of the unidirectional microphones cross at one point.
- the plurality of unidirectional microphones may be arranged on a circumference centered on the one point.
- the plurality of unidirectional microphones may be arranged on the circumference. Further, the plurality of unidirectional microphones may be arranged at equal intervals on the circumference.
- the vibration surfaces of a plurality of directional microphones can be arranged close to each other, and an error with respect to desired directivity can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 to 4 are external views showing the configuration of the sound collection device of this embodiment.
- 1 is a front view
- FIG. 2 is a rear view
- FIG. 3 is a left side view
- FIG. 4 is a plan view. 1 to 4, the right side of the sound collecting device is X, the left side is -X, the upper side is Y, the lower side is -Y, the front side is Z, and the back side is -Z.
- the housing 11 that is the base of the sound collecting device 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is thin in the vertical direction, for example, a resin material.
- Three support columns 13A, 13B, and 13C are vertically attached to the upper surface of the housing 11 on the upper surface of the housing 11.
- Each support is also made of a resin material, for example.
- each support column is equally arranged at an interval of 120 degrees at an equal distance from the center position of the housing.
- Plate elastic rubbers 131A, 131B, 131C that are thin in the vertical direction are respectively attached to the uppermost surfaces of the columns 13A, 13B, 13C.
- the elastic rubbers 131A, 131B, and 131C respectively extend toward the center of the casing, and are attached to joint portions 141A, 141B, and 141C provided at the lower portions of the microphone frame bodies 14A, 14B, and 14C.
- the microphone frame bodies 14A, 14B, and 14C have a cylindrical shape, and a columnar microphone (unidirectional microphone) can be fitted into the hollow interior.
- the open part of the cylindrical bottom surface of each microphone frame body is directed in a direction shifted by 120 degrees in a state where the sound collecting device is viewed in plan.
- the open part of the bottom surface of the cylinder of the microphone frame 14A is directed to the front and back directions of the apparatus, and the directivity of the unidirectional microphone can be set toward the front or back direction of the apparatus.
- the direction of maximum sensitivity (maximum sensitivity direction) of the unidirectional microphone 12A fitted in the microphone frame 14A is directed to the back side of the apparatus.
- the maximum sensitivity direction of the unidirectional microphone 12A is set to 0 degree.
- the open part of the cylindrical bottom surface of the microphone frame 14B faces the right rear side and the left front direction of the device.
- the maximum sensitivity direction of the unidirectional microphone 12B fitted in the microphone frame 14B is directed to the left front side of the apparatus. That is, the housing is oriented from 0 degree to an angle of 120 degrees to the left (in the direction of +120 degrees) in plan view.
- the open part of the cylindrical bottom surface of the microphone frame 14C faces the left rear side and the right front direction of the device.
- the maximum sensitivity direction of the unidirectional microphone 12C fitted into the microphone frame 14C is directed to the right front side of the apparatus. That is, when viewed from above, the housing is oriented from 0 degree to an angle of 120 degrees to the right (-120 degrees or +240 degrees).
- a cylindrical microphone frame 14L is also provided on the center side of the casing of each microphone frame (maximum sensitivity direction of each directional microphone).
- the microphone frame body 14L is provided on the upper surface side of the microphone frame bodies 14A to 14C, and the open portion of the cylindrical bottom surface faces the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the apparatus. Yes.
- the maximum sensitivity direction of the unidirectional microphone 12L fitted into the microphone frame 14L is directed to the upper surface side of the apparatus.
- the microphone frame bodies 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14L are formed by integral molding of resin molds, and four microphones fitted in the respective frame bodies can be fixed as one unit.
- the integrally molded frame is formed so that the directional axes (the axes in the maximum sensitivity direction) of the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C cross at one point in a state where the sound collecting device is viewed in plan. Yes.
- the center position of the housing of the sound collecting device 1 and the directing axis cross by adjusting the shape and the installation position of the three columns, the elastic rubber, and the joint portion. And are equal.
- the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C are arranged on one plane (a surface parallel to the upper surface of the housing), and the maximum sensitivity direction of each unidirectional microphone is directed toward the inner side of the arrangement. That is, each unidirectional microphone is arranged inward on a circumference centered on the point where the directional axes cross.
- the vibration surfaces can be arranged closer to each other than when facing the outer side.
- the position of the vibration surface of each unidirectional microphone can be approximated at the point where the directional axes cross. Therefore, directivity control on the plane can be realized with a small error even in a high frequency band such as 1 kHz or higher.
- the four microphones are fixed in a state of being floated away from the upper surface of the housing 11 by the support columns, elastic rubber, and joint portions.
- the unidirectional microphone 12L in the vertical direction is disposed on the upper surface side of the plane formed by the unidirectional microphone 12A, the unidirectional microphone 12B, and the unidirectional microphone 12C, and the housing 11 is arranged at a position farthest from the upper surface of the head 11. For this reason, the back surface of the unidirectional microphone 12L is also opened acoustically.
- FIG. 5A is a block diagram showing a configuration of an audio signal processing system of the sound collection device.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an aspect of directivity control. The characteristics shown in FIG. 6 are ideal characteristics for explanation, and are not diagrams showing actual characteristics.
- the sound collection device 1 includes a signal processing unit 3 including gain adjustment units 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31L and an addition unit 32 as a configuration of a signal processing system.
- the audio signals output from the unidirectional microphones are gain-adjusted by the gain adjusting units of the signal processing unit 3 and then added to each other by the adding unit 32.
- the sound collection device 1 can form arbitrary directivity around the device by controlling the gain of each gain adjustment unit.
- the weighting factor f is a factor that determines the shape of directivity, and is a value between 0 and 1.
- f 0 means omnidirectionality
- f 0.5 means unidirectionality
- f 1 means bidirectionality.
- directivity can be formed in an arbitrary direction by arbitrarily determining the value of ⁇ .
- ⁇ 180 degrees, that is, when unidirectionality is formed on the front side of the apparatus (Z direction)
- (G1, G2, G3) ( ⁇ 1/3, 2/3, 2/3) It becomes.
- the output signal M uses M1, M2, and M3 which are output signals of the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C.
- the sound collection device of the present embodiment directs the maximum sensitivity direction of each microphone toward the inner side of the array, so that the directional axis crosses the position of the vibration surface of each unidirectional microphone. Position), and the error with respect to the desired directivity can be sufficiently reduced even in a high frequency band such as 1 kHz or more by the above gain calculation formula.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing directional characteristics (gain for each angle) obtained when the distance from the center position to the microphone sound pickup surface is changed.
- FIG. 7 shows directivity characteristics of 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz, and 8 kHz obtained when the distance from the center position to the microphone vibration surface is 3 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm.
- each unidirectional microphone is about 3 mm
- the maximum sensitivity direction of each microphone is directed from the center position to the microphone vibration surface when directed toward the outer side and the inner side.
- the distance differs by about 3 mm. That is, there is a difference between the characteristics of 3 mm and the characteristics of 6 mm shown in FIG.
- directing the maximum sensitivity direction of each microphone toward the inner side of the array is effective for realizing directivity formation even in a high frequency band such as 1 kHz or more (on the vibration surface of each microphone). It can be said that the position can be approximated by the center position).
- the unidirectional microphone 12L in the vertical direction, not only on the plane on which the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C are arranged, but also on the upper surface side of the device.
- directivity can be formed in any direction.
- the gain with respect to the audio signal by a horizontal microphone (combining the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C) formed with unidirectionality in the direction of ⁇ 180 degrees, and the vertical direction single unit.
- the directional axis can be formed on the upper front side (Y, Z direction) of the apparatus.
- the sound collection device of the present embodiment can freely move in the three-dimensional direction (global direction). Directivity can be formed.
- each unidirectional microphone is not limited to the above example.
- an arrangement form as shown in FIG. 1 is not limited to the above example.
- FIG. 5B shows an example of an arrangement in which the unidirectional microphone 12B and the unidirectional microphone 12C are opposed to each other.
- the gains (G1, G2, G3) of the gain adjusting units 31A, 31B, 31C are set as follows.
- the number of unidirectional microphones in the vertical direction is not limited to one, and a plurality of unidirectional microphones may be provided.
- a microphone having directivity in the direction opposite to the vertical unidirectional microphone 12L may be further provided.
- the unidirectional microphones are uniformly arranged on the circumference centered at the point where the directional axes of the unidirectional microphones 12A, 12B, and 12C cross each other.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, if the direction of the maximum sensitivity of the directional microphones is directed to the inside of the array and the vibration surfaces of the plurality of unidirectional microphones can be arranged close to each other, it is not essential to arrange them uniformly on the circumference.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、前記平面と異なる位置に、当該平面に向かう方向に感度極大の方向を向けた別の単一指向性マイクをさらに配列してもよい。
また、前記複数の単一指向性マイクを、各単一指向性マイクの指向軸が1つの点でクロスするように配列してもよい。
また、前記複数の単一指向性マイクを、前記1つの点を中心とした円周上に配列してもよい。
また、前記複数の単一指向性マイクを、円周上に配列してもよい。
また、前記複数の単一指向性マイクを、前記円周上に等間隔に配列してもよい。
G1=2/3×{1-f(1-2cosθ)}
G2=2/3×{1-f(1-2cos(θ-120°))}
G3=2/3×{1-f(1-2cos(θ+120°))}
なお、重み係数fは、指向性の形を決める係数であり、0以上1以下の値である。例えば、f=0で無指向性、f=0.5で単一指向性、f=1で双指向性となる。ここで、θの値を任意に決定することで、任意の方向に指向性を形成することができる。例えば、図6の(A)に示すように、θ=180度、すなわち装置正面側(Z方向)に単一指向性を形成する場合、重み係数f=0.5として、各ゲインの値は、
(G1,G2,G3)=(-1/3,2/3,2/3)
となる。出力する信号Mは、単一指向性マイク12A、12B、12Cの出力信号であるM1,M2,M3を用いて、
M=G1×M1+G2×M2+G3×M3=-1/3×M1+2/3×M2+2/3×M3
で表される。これにより、図6の(B)に示すように、3つのマイクの合成特性の最大感度方向の角度を180度、最小感度の方向を0度方向に向けることができる。すなわち、θ=180度の方向に単一指向性を形成することができる。
(G1,G2,G3)=(-1,1,1)
となる。このように、1つの平面上に3つ以上の複数の単一指向性マイクを配列し、各単一指向性マイクの最大感度方向を配列内側方向に向ける態様であれば、どのような配列態様であっても本発明の収音装置を実現することが可能である。言い換えれば、単一指向性マイク12A,12B,12Cを頂点とした多角形(三角形)を想定した場合、各単一指向性マイクの感度極大の方向が多角形の線分上あるいは内部に向ける配列となっていればよい。
Claims (8)
- 複数の単一指向性マイクロホンと、
各マイクロホンの収音した音のゲインを調整する複数のゲイン調整部と、
ゲイン調整後の音をそれぞれ加算する加算部と、
を備え、
1つの平面上に前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを配列し、各単一指向性マイクロホンの感度極大の方向を配列内側方向に向けた収音装置。 - 前記平面上と異なる位置に、当該平面に向かう方向と反対方向に感度極大の方向を向けた別の単一指向性マイクロホンをさらに配列した請求項1に記載の収音装置。
- 前記平面上と異なる位置に、当該平面に向かう方向に感度極大の方向を向けた別の単一指向性マイクロホンをさらに配列した請求項1に記載の収音装置。
- 前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを、各単一指向性マイクロホンを頂点とする多角形を構成するように配列し、各単一指向性マイクロホンの感度極大の方向を前記多角形の線分上あるいは内部に向けた請求項1から3のいずれかに収音装置。
- 前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを、各単一指向性マイクロホンの指向軸が1つの点でクロスするように配列した請求項4に記載の収音装置。
- 前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを、前記1つの点を中心とした円周上に配列した請求項5に記載の収音装置。
- 前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを、円周上に配列した請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の収音装置。
- 前記複数の単一指向性マイクロホンを、前記円周上に等間隔に配列した請求項7に記載の収音装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN200980148146.8A CN102227918B (zh) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | 声音收集装置 |
EP09833460.0A EP2360939A4 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | TONER REPLACED BY DEVICE |
US13/139,850 US9294833B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | Sound collection device |
KR1020117013796A KR101259322B1 (ko) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | 수음 장치 |
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JP2008-321345 | 2008-12-17 | ||
JP2008321345A JP5309953B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | 収音装置 |
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US (1) | US9294833B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2360939A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5309953B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101259322B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102227918B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010071157A1 (ja) |
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- 2009-12-16 KR KR1020117013796A patent/KR101259322B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-16 WO PCT/JP2009/070994 patent/WO2010071157A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-12-16 EP EP09833460.0A patent/EP2360939A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101233260B1 (ko) | 2010-10-07 | 2013-02-14 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 마이크로폰 유닛 및 수음 장치 |
CN104427436A (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-18 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种信息处理的方法及一种电子设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2360939A1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
US20120014535A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CN102227918A (zh) | 2011-10-26 |
JP5309953B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
JP2010147692A (ja) | 2010-07-01 |
EP2360939A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
KR101259322B1 (ko) | 2013-05-06 |
CN102227918B (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
US9294833B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
KR20110091873A (ko) | 2011-08-16 |
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