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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
  • C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3
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  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/44—Acylated amino or imino radicals
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  • C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
  • C07D277/68—Benzothiazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
  • C07D277/82—Nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D295/155—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
  • C07D295/185—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aliphatic carboxylic acids
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  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carbonic acid, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/205—Radicals derived from carbonic acid
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  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
  • C07D333/54—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• the invention involves inhibitors of diacylglycerol acyltransferase.
• the inhibitors are useful for the treatment of diseases such as obesity, type Il diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome.
• Triglycerides or triacylglycerols are the major form of energy storage in eukaryotic organisms. In mammals, these compounds are primarily synthesized in three tissues: the small intestine, liver, and adipocytes. Triglycerides or triacylglycerols support the major functions of dietary fat absorption, packaging of newly synthesized fatty acids and storage in fat tissue (see Subauste and Burant, Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (2003) 3, 263- 270).
• Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase also known as diglyceride acyltransferase or DGAT
• DGAT diglyceride acyltransferase
• DAG 1,2-diacylglycerol
• DGAT plays an essential role in the metabolism of cellular diacylglycerol and is critically important for triglyceride production and energy storage homeostasis (see Mayorek et al, European Journal of Biochemistry (1989) 182, 395-400).
• DGAT has a specificity for sn-1 ,2 diacylglycerols and will accept a wide variety of fatty acyl chain lengths (see Farese et al, Current Opinions in Lipidology (2000) 1 1 , 229-234). DGAT activity levels increase in fat cells as they differentiate in vitro and recent evidence suggests that DGAT may be regulated in adipose tissue post-transcriptionally (see Coleman et al, Journal of Molecular Biology (1978) 253, 7256-7261 and Yu et al, Journal of Molecular Biology (2002) 277, 50876-50884).
• DGAT activity is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (see Colman, Methods in Enzymology (1992) 209, 98-104). In hepatocytes, DGAT activity has been shown to be expressed on both the cytosolic and luminal surfaces of the endoplasmic reticular membrane (see Owen et al, Biochemical Journal (1997) 323 (pt 1 ), 17-21 and Waterman et al, Journal of Lipid Research (2002) 43, 1555-156).
• DGAT1 and DGAT2 Two forms of DGAT have been cloned and are designated DGAT1 and DGAT2 (see Cases et al, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA (1998) 95, 13018-13023, Lardizabal et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2001 ) 276, 38862-38869 and Cases et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2001 ) 276, 38870-38876). Although both enzymes utilize the same substrates, there is no homology between DGAT1 and DGAT2. Both enzymes are widely expressed however some differences do exist in the relative abundance of expression in various tissues.
• mice Although unable to express a functional DGAT enzyme (Dgat-/- mice), are viable and continue to synthesize triglycerides (see Smith et al, Nature Genetics (2000) 25, 87-90). This would suggest that multiple catalytic mechanisms contribute to triglyceride synthesis, such as DGAT2.
• An alternative pathway has also been shown to form triglycerides from two diacylglycerols by the action of diacylglycerol transacylase (see Lehner and Kuksis, Progress in Lipid Research (1996) 35, 169- 210).
• Dgat-/- mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity and remain lean. When fed a high fat diet, Dgat-/- mice maintain weights comparable to mice fed a diet with regular fat content. Dgat-/- mice have lower tissue triglyceride levels.
• the resistance to weight gain seen in the knockout mice is due to an increased energy expenditure and increased sensitivity to insulin and leptin (see Smith et al, Nature Genetics (2000) 25, 87-90, Chen and Farese, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine (2000) 10, 188-192, Chen and Farese, Current Opinions in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care (2002) 5, 359-363 and Chen et al, Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002) 109, 1049-1055).
• Dgat-/- mice have reduced rates of triglyceride absorption, improved triglyceride metabolism, and improved glucose metabolism, with lower glucose and insulin levels following a glucose load, in comparison to wild-type mice (see Buhman et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2002) 277, 25474-25479 and Chen and Farese, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine (2000) 10, 188-192).
• Known inhibitors of DGAT include: dibenzoxazepinones (see Ramharack, et al, EP1219716 and Burrows et al, 26 th National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium (1998) poster C-22), substituted amino-pyrimidino-oxazines (see Fox et al, WO2004047755), chalcones such as xanthohumol (see Tabata et al, Phytochemistry (1997) 46, 683-687 and Casaschi et al, Journal of Nutrition (2004) 134, 1340-1346), substituted benzyl-phosphonates (see Kurogi et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1996) 39, 1433-1437, Goto, et al, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1996) 44, 547-551 , Ikeda, et al, Thirteenth International Symposium on Athersclerosis (2003), abstract 2P-0401 , and Miyata, et al, JP 2004067635), ary
• Also known to be inhibitors of DGAT are: 2-bromo-palmitic acid (see Colman et al, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1992) 1125, 203-9), 2-bromo-octanoic acid (see Mayorek and Bar-Tana, Journal of Biological Chemistry (1985) 260, 6528-6532), roselipins (see Noriko et al, (Journal of Antibiotics (1999) 52, 815-826), amidepsin (see Tomoda et al, Journal of Antibiotics (1995) 48, 942-7), isochromophilone, prenylflavonoids (see Chung et al, Planta Medica (2004) 70, 258-260), polyacetylenes (see Lee et al, Planta Medica (2004) 70, 197-200), cochlioquinones (see Lee et al, Journal of Antibiotics (2003) 56, 967-969), tanshinone
• the present invention pertains to DGAT inhibitors.
• the invention provides for compounds of the formula (I):
• X is carbon or nitrogen
• R1 is -phenyl, unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted independently with halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoic acid , lower alkanoyl, lower alkanoic acid lower alkyl-ester, haloloweralkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, alkoxyphenyl, halophenyl, or haloloweralkyl-phenyl,
• heteroaryl substituent containing from 1 to three rings and from 5 to 12 carbon atoms with at least one ring containing from one to three ring hetero atoms indenpendently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, with said heteroaryl rings being, unsubstituted or mono- or di- substituted independently with phenyl, lower alkyl, halophenyl, lower alkyl-phenyl, ethoxycarbonyl, alkoxyphenyl, N alkoxyalkyl-lower alkyl amino, haloloweralkyl-phenyl or cyclopropyl methyl amino,
• R2 is H, halogen or loweralkyl; and R3 is -isoquinoline,
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• alkyl refers to a branched or straight-chain monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to sixteen carbon atoms, more preferably one to ten carbon atoms.
• halogens, halo or halides includes all four halogens such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine.
• cycloalkyl refers to a monovalent mono- or polycarbocyclic radical of three to ten, preferably three to six carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified by radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyciohexyl, cycloheptyl, bornyl, adamantyl, indenyl and the like.
• the "cycloalkyl” moieties can optionally be substituted with one, two, three or four substituents, with the understanding that said substituents are not, in turn, substituted further unless indicated otherwise.
• cycloalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted cyclopropyl, optionally substituted cyclobutyl, optionally substituted cyclopentyl, optionally substituted cyclopentenyl, optionally substituted cyciohexyl, optionally substituted cyclohexylene, optionally substituted cycloheptyl, and the like or those which are specifically exemplified herein.
• heterocycloalkyl denotes a mono- or polycyclic alkyl ring, wherein one, two or three of the carbon ring atoms is replaced by a heteroatom such as N, O or S.
• heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, azetidine, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxanyl, thiazolidine-2,4-dione and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted and attachment may be through their carbon frame or through their heteroatom(s) where appropriate, with the understanding that said substituents are not, in turn, substituted further.
• the heterocycloalkyl ring preferably contains from 1 to 2 hetero atoms independently sleeted form the group consisting of N and O.
• the term "lower alkyl”, alone or in combination with other groups, refers to a branched or straight-chain alkyl radical of one to six carbon atoms.
• This term is further exemplified by radicals such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s- butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl and the like.
• the tern lower alkanoic acid refers to alkanoic acids containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as acetic acid, butyric acid and proprionic acid.
• lower alkanoyl refers to a monovalent lower alkanoic acid produced by removal of the acid hydroxy group such as acetyl
• lower alkoxy groups containing fromito 6 carbon atom such as methoxy.ethoxy, and isopropoxy.
• aryl refers to an aromatic mono- or polycarbocyclic radical of 6 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring.
• groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 1 ,2- dihydronaphthalene, indanyl, 1H-indenyl and the like with phenyl being especially preferred.
• alkyl, loweralkyl and aryl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, there will generally be, for example, 1 to 4 substituents present, with the understanding that said substituents are not, in turn, substituted further unless indicated otherwise. These substituents may optionally form a ring with the alkyl, loweralkyl or aryl group to which they are connected. Substituents may include, for example: carbon-containing groups such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl (e.g.
• halogen atoms and halogen-containing groups such as haloalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl); oxygen-containing groups such as alcohols (e.g. hydroxy!, hydroxyalkyl, aryl(hydroxyl)alkyl), ethers (e.g. alkoxy, aryloxy, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, more preferably, for example, methoxy and ethoxy), aldehydes (e.g. carboxaldehyde), ketones (e.g.
• alkylcarbonyl alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arycarbonylalkyl
• acids e.g. carboxy, carboxyalkyl
• acid derivatives such as esters(e.g. alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl), amides (e.g. aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, mono-or di-alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl), carbamates (e.g.
• cyano, cyanoalkyl nitro
• sulfur-containing groups such as thiols, thioethers, sulfoxides and sulfones (e.g. alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthioalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl); and heterocyclic groups containing one or more heteroatoms, (e.g.
• heteroaryl refers to an aromatic mono- or polycyclic radical of 5 to 12 atoms having at least one aromatic ring containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being C. One or two ring carbon atoms of the heteroaryl group may be replaced with a carbonyl group.
• the heteroaryl ring contains from 1 to 3 hetero atoms independently selected from this group consisting of N, O and Sulfur.
• heteroaryl group described above may be substituted independently with one, two, or three substituents, with the understanding that said substituents are not, in turn, substituted further unless indicated otherwise.
• Substituents may include, for example: carbon-containing groups such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl (e.g. substituted and unsubstituted phenyl, substituted and unsubstituted benzyl); halogen atoms and halogen-containing groups such as haloalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl); oxygen-containing groups such as alcohols (e.g. hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl(hydroxyl)alkyl), ethers (e.g.
• aminocarbonyl mono- or di-alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, mono-or di-alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl
• carbamates e.g. alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, mono-or di-alkylaminocarbonyloxy, arylaminocarbonyloxy
• ureas e.g. mono- or di- alkylaminocarbonylamino or arylaminocarbonylamino
• nitrogen-containing groups such as amines (e.g.
• alkoxy means alkyl-O-; and "alkoyl” means alkyl- CO-.
• Alkoxy substituent groups or alkoxy-containing substituent groups may be substituted by, for example, one or more alkyl groups, with the understanding that said substituents are not, in turn, substituted further unless indicated otherwise.
• halogen means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine radical, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine radical, and more preferably a fluorine or chlorine radical.
• Compounds of formula (I) can have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and can exist in the form of optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as, for example, racemates, optically pure diastereoisomers, mixtures of diastereoisomers, diastereoisomeric racemates or mixtures of diastereoisomeric racemates.
• the optically active forms can be obtained for example by resolution of the racemates, by asymmetric synthesis or asymmetric chromatography (chromatography with a chiral adsorbents or eluant). The invention embraces all of these forms.
• salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids and bases including inorganic and organic acids and bases.
• acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethenesulfonic, dichloroacetic, formic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hippuric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, oxalic, p-toluenesulfonic and the like.
• Acceptable base salts include alkali metal (e.g. sodium, potassium), alkaline earth metal (e.g. calcium, magnesium) and aluminium salts.
• an effective amount of any one of the compounds of this invention or a combination of any of the compounds of this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered via any of the usual and acceptable methods known in the art, either singly or in combination.
• the compounds or compositions can thus be administered orally (e.g., buccal cavity), sublingually, parenterally (e.g., intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously), rectally (e.g., by suppositories or washings), transdermal ⁇ (e.g., skin electroporation) or by inhalation (e.g., by aerosol), and in the form or solid, liquid or gaseous dosages, including tablets and suspensions.
• buccal cavity e.g., buccal cavity
• parenterally e.g., intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously
• rectally e.g., by suppositories or washings
• transdermal ⁇ e.g., skin electroporation
• the administration can be conducted in a single unit dosage form with continuous therapy or in a single dose therapy ad libitum.
• the therapeutic composition can also be in the form of an oil emulsion or dispersion in conjunction with a lipophilic salt such as pamoic acid, or in the form of a biodegradable sustained-release composition for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration.
• compositions hereof can be solids, liquids or gases; thus, the compositions can take the form of tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, powders, enterically coated or other protected formulations (e.g. binding on ion-exchange resins or packaging in lipid-protein vesicles), sustained release formulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols, and the like.
• the carrier can be selected from the various oils including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, e.g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like.
• formulations for intravenous administration comprise sterile aqueous solutions of the active ingredient(s) which are prepared by dissolving solid active ingredient(s) in water to produce an aqueous solution, and rendering the solution sterile.
• Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, talc, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, and the like.
• the compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical additives such as preservatives, stabilizing agents, wetting or emulsifying agents, salts for adjusting osmotic pressure, buffers and the like.
• Suitable pharmaceutical carriers and their formulation are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences by E. W. Martin. Such compositions will, in any event, contain an effective amount of the active compound together with a suitable carrier so as to prepare the proper dosage form for proper administration to the recipient.
• the dose of a compound of the present invention depends on a number of factors, such as, for example, the manner of administration, the age and the body weight of the subject, and the condition of the subject to be treated, and ultimately will be decided by the attending physician or veterinarian.
• Such an amount of the active compound as determined by the attending physician or veterinarian is referred to herein, and in the claims, as a "therapeutically effective amount".
• the dose of a compound of the present invention is typically in the range of about 1 to about 1000 mg per day.
• the therapeutically effective amount is in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 500 mg per day.
• the coupling can be affected by the simple addition of 6- chloronicotinoyl chloride to a sodium, potassium or other appropriate salt of the amine in an appropriate anhydrous solvent.
• a biaryl derivative may be prepared via a Suzuki coupling with a desirable aromatic boronate (Miyaura, et. al. Tetrahedron. Lett. 1979, 36, 3437; Belina et. al. Synthesis 2004, 15, 2419).
• substitutents R2 and R3 may be amenable to more functionalization under appropriate conditions known to people skilled in the art to afford derivatives. For instance in case where either R2 or R3 is a carboxylic acid ester the ester functionality may be hydrolyzed under appropriate conditions to afford the corresponding acids that may in turn be functionalized further to derivatives under methods and conditions known to the people skilled in the art.
• compounds of the general structure 7 may be prepared by the heating of 6-chloro-nicotinamides of the general structure 2 with morpholine in an appropriate solvent and in the presence of a base as described in scheme 1 above.
• the pyrrolidine nicotinamides of general structure 10 may also be prepared in a similar manner.
• piperazine analogs of the general structure 15 may be prepared in a similar manner from a variety of available piperazines. Depending on their nature, substitutents R5-R11 may be amenable to removal or more functionalization under appropriate conditions known to people skilled in the art to afford derivatives.
• Acid derivatives of compounds 17 may be produced by removal of the corresponding ester groups by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis or any other appropriate method known to the people skilled in the art.
• piperazines of the general structure 19 may be affected from 6-chloro-nicotinamides 2 and Piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester after heating in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a base (such as DIEA and the like) followed by a deprotection with TFA or other appropriate method known to the people skilled in the art.
• a base such as DIEA and the like
• the benzoic acid amides of the type 22 may be prepared via the coupling of a desirable aromatic amine with a benzoic acid in the presence of an amide bond forming reagent such as EDCI, BOP and the like.
• amides of the type 22 may be prepared by reaction of a desirable aromatic amine with an appropriate acyl halide under standard conditions.
• amides of the general structure 29 may be prepared by reaction with a desirable acid chloride in the presence of a suitable solvent and a base (such as DIEA, Et ⁇ N and the like).
• a desirable acid chloride in the presence of a suitable solvent and a base (such as DIEA, Et ⁇ N and the like).
• compounds of the general structure 29 my be obtained by the reaction of 19 or 26 with a desirable carboxylic acid in a suitable solvent using an amide bond forming reagent (such as EDCI, BOP or similar reagent).
• a base such as EtsN, DIEA and the like
• esters of the type 33 (where Q is a cyclic or acyclic alkyl group and R17 is a group such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl and the like) the corresponding acid may be obtained through hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis using conditions known to the people skilled in the art.
• DGAT is diacylglyceroliacyl CoA O-acyltransferase
• THF is tetrahydrofuran
• DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide
• DMA is N,N-dimethylacetamide
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• DCM is dichloromethane
• DME is dimethoxyethane
• MeOH is methanol
• NaOH sodium hydroxide
• TFA is trifluoroacetic acid
• HOBT is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
• DMAP is 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
• PyBroP is bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• BOP is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylarnino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• EDCI is 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• DIPEA is diisopropylethyl amine
• DIEA is diisopropylethyl amine
• Brine is saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution
• DAG is 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
• TLC is thin layer chromatography
• RP HPLC reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
• APCI-MS is electrospray mass spectrometry
• LCMS is liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
• NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• HRMS is high resolution mass spectrometry
• 6-chloro-N-(5-methyl- 4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide 6-chloro-N-(3-phenyl-[1 ,2,4]thiadiazol-5- yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3-phenyl-[1 ,2,4]thiadiazol-5-ylamine and 6- chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C14H9CIN4OS (m/e) 316, obsd 317 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-(5-methyl- 4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide 6-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-naphtho[1 ,2- d]thiazol-2-yt)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4,5-dihydro-naphtho[1 ,2-d]thiazol-2- ylamine and 6-chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• 6-chloro-N-[4-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl- thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-thiazo-2- ylamine and 6-chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C16H1 1 CI2N3OS (m/e) 363, obsd 364 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-(5-methyl- 4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 5-ethyl-4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylamine and 6-chloro- nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C17H14CIN3OS (m/e) 343, obsd 344 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyi)-5-methyl- thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-thiazol-2- ylamine and 6-chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C16H11CIFN3OS (m/e) 347, obsd 348 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-(5-methyl- 4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 5-methyl-4-p-tolyl-thiazol-2-ylamine and 6- chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C17H14CIN3OS (m/e) 343, obsd 344 (M+H).
• 6-chIoro-N-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5- methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl- thiazol-2-ylamine and 6-chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C17H14CIN3O2S (m/e) 359, obsd 360 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl- thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-thiazol-2 ⁇ ylamine and 6-chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C16H11 CI2N3OS (m/e) 363, obsd 364 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2- yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylamine and 6- chloro-nicotinoyl chloride.
• LCMS calcd for C15H9CI2N3OS(m/e) 349, obsd 350 (M+H).
• 6-chloro-N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)- nicotinamide was prepared following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after a silica gel plug purification with a 0-30% Et 2 O in toluene gradient.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C13H10N2OICI [M+H] + : 372.9599; Found: 372.9599
• 6-chloro-N-(3-chloro-4-iodo-phenyl)- nicotinamide was prepared following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after a silica gel plug with 30-50% Et 2 O in toluene gradient.
• N-(4-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide was prepared following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of
• N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide was prepared following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after a silica gel column with 20-30% EtOAc in hexanes gradient.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C16H17N2OCI [M+Hf: 289.1102; Found: 289.1102. 6-ChIoro-N-(4-chIoro-3-iodo-phenyI)-nicot ⁇ namide
• N-(4-tert-Butyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-tert- butyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (prepared as described in J. Org. Chem. 1977, 221 ) and 6- chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after silica gel purification with 20-40% EtOAc in hexanes gradient followed by suspension in hexanes and filtration.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C14H15N4OCI [M+H] + : 291.1007; Found: 291.1007.
• 6-Chloro-N-(3-fluoro-5-iodo-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3-fluoro- 5-iodo aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after suspension in small volume of CH 2 CI 2 , filtration and then a wash with hexanes.
• HRMS /77/z calcd for C12H7N2OCIFI [M+H] + 376.9349; Found: 376.9348
• 6-Chloro-N-phenyl-nicotinamide was prepared from aniline and 6- chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above. The product was isolated after precipitation out of small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes. HRMS m/z calcd for C12H9N2OCI [M+H] + : 233.0476; Found: 233.0476
• 6-Chloro-N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from A- methoxyaniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above. The product was isolated after precipitation out of small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes. HRMS m/z calcd for C13H11 N2OCI [M+Hf: 263.0582; Found: 263.0582.
• 6-Chloro-N-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3- methoxyaniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above. The product was isolated after precipitation out of small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes. HRMS m/z calcd for C13H1 1 N2OCI [M+H] + : 263.0582; Found: 263.0581.
• 6-Chloro-N-(2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3- methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above. The product was isolated after precipitation out of a small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes. HRMS m/z calcd for C13H7N2OCIF4 [M+H] + : 319.0256; Found: 319.0255.
• 6-Chloro-N-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3,4- dimethoxy aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after precipitation out of a small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C14H13N2O3CI [M+H] + : 293.0688; Found: 293.0687.
• 6-ChIoro-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-phenyI)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3,4- dimethoxy aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl
• 6-Chloro-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3,5- dimethoxy aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after precipitation out of a small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C14H13N2O3CI [M+Hf: 293.0688; Found: 293.0687.
• 6-Chloro-N-(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from A- methoxy-2-methyl aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)- nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after precipitation out of a small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C14H13N2O2CI [M+Hf: 277.0739; Found: 277.0738.
• 6-Chloro-N-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 3,4- dimethyl aniline and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after precipitation out of a small volume of CH 2 CI 2 with hexanes.
• 6-Chloro-N-(1-methyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 1- methyl-1 H-indol-5-ylamine (prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 2007, 5509) and 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• the product was isolated after purification with a silica gel column and 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes gradient.
• 6-Chloro-N-(1-ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 1-ethyl- 1 H-indol-5-ylamine (prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 2007, 5509), and 6- chloronicotinoyl chloride in a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 6-chloro-N-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide, above.
• LCMS calcd for C16H14CIN3O (m/e) 299, obsd 300 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide was prepared from 4-[5- (3-tert-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(4-tert-butyl- phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide above.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide was prepared from 4-[4-(3- tert-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6- piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide above.
• HRMS m/z calcd for C21 H27N3O [M+H] + : 338.2225; Found: 338.2227.
• N-(3-lodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide was prepared by the TFA deprotection of 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine- 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide above.
• LCMS calcd for C17H19IN4O (m/e) 422, obsd 423 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4-piperidin-4-yl-benzamide was synthesized by the TFA deprotection of 4-[4-(3-tert-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperidine-1- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide.
• LCMS calcd for C22H28N2O (m/e) 336, obsd 337 (M+H).
• reaction was worked up by diluting with ethyl acetate (mL) washed with NH 4 CI (1.5 M, 4 mL), and brine (4 mL), filtered through a plug of Na 2 SO 4 , and dried under a stream of nitrogen. To the intermediate was added DCM (1 ml) and TFA (0.2mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hr.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-2-fluoro-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide was synthesized from 4-bromo-N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-2-fluoro-benzamide and piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(3- tert-butyl-phenyl)-3-fluoro-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide above.
• LCMS calcd for C21 H26FN3O (m/e) 355, obsd 356 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide [0099] N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide was synthesized from 4-bromo-N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-benzamide and piperazine-1 - carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-3-fluoro-4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzamide above.
• LCMS calcd for C22H29N3O (m/e) 351 , obsd 352 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-3-chloro-4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzamide was synthesized from 4-bromo-N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-3-chloro-benzamide and piperazine-1- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-3-fluoro-4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzamide above.
• LCMS calcd for C21 H26CIN3O (m/e) 371 , obsd 372 (M+H)
• N-(3-lodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-6-morphoIin-4-yl-nicotinamide [011O]A mixture of 6-chloro-N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) and morpholine (35 mg, 0.42 mmol), diisopropylethyl amine (0.07 mL, 0.42 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMAP in dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 120 0 C in a sealed tube until consumption of the limiting reagent. The mixture was then cooled and partitioned between EtOAc and water.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydro-1 H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-nicotinamide was synthesized from N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide and 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinoline in a method similar to the one described in the synthesis of N- ⁇ -iodo ⁇ -methyl-phenylJ- ⁇ -morpholin ⁇ -yl-nicotinamide above, LCMS calcd for C25H27N3O (m/e) 385, obsd 386 (M+H).
• 6-(3,3-Difluoro-azetidin-1-yI)-N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide [0112] 6-(3,3-Difluoro-azetidin-1 -yl)-N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-nicotinamide and 3,3- difiuoroazetidine hydrochloride in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-nicotinamide above.
• 2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(4,5- dihydro-naphtho[1 ,2-d]thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide and 4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzoic acid ethyl ester.
• LCMS calcd for C30H29N5O3S (m/e) 539, obsd 540 (M+H).
• Example 40 yV-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1- yl]-nicotinamide [0149] With a method similar to that used for the preparation of 4-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1 ,2']bipyridinyl-5'-carboxylic acid (5-methyl-4-phenyl- thiazol-2-yl)-amide, ⁇ /-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- piperazin-1-yl]-nicotinamide was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(5-methyl-4-phenyl- thiazol-2-yl)-nicotinamide and 1-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperaz
• Example 72 1-[4-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indoI- ⁇ -ylcarbamoyO-phenylJ-piperidine- ⁇ carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
• Example 82 S'-CS-Iodo- ⁇ methyl-phenylcarbamoyO-S ⁇ . ⁇ . ⁇ -tetrahydro-ZH-II ⁇ 'Jbipyridinyl- ⁇ carboxylic acid.
• Example 84 1-[4-(3-lodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid.
• Example 85 1-[4-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yIcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid.
• [1 ,2']bipyridinyl-5'-carboxylic acid (4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-amide [0195]A suspension of 5'-(4-iodo-3-methyl-phenylcarbamoyI)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1 ,2']bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in CH 2 CI 2 (5 ml_) was treated with EDCI (60 mg, 0.31 mmol), t-butyl sulfonamide (18 mg, 0.13 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMAP.
• N-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)-4-[4-(2-methyl-propane-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-benzamide was prepared form 1-[4-(1-ethyl-1 H-indol-6-ylcarbamoyl)- phenyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid and t-butyl sulfonamide in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-propa ⁇ e-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)- 3 ,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1 ,2']bipyridinyl-5'-carboxylic acid (4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)- amide.
• [0200]4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-Butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1 -yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester was prepared from N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide and 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester following a method similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2- yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester above.
• [0206]4- ⁇ 4-[5-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indol-6-ylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(1 -ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)-nicotinamide and 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester following a method similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2- yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester above.
• [0207]4- ⁇ 4-[5-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indol-6-ylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid benzyl ester was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(1 -ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)-nicotinamide and 4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzoic acid benzyl ester following a method similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2- yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid ethyl ester above.
• N-Boc-4-(4-carboxyphenyl) piperidine 200 mg, 0.66 mmol
• 3-iodo-4- methyl aniline 153 mg, 0.72 mmol
• DCM 10 m L
• EDCI 380 mg, 1.98 mmol
• [0217]4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-Fluoro-5-iodo-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ - benzoic acid was prepared by the hydrolysis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-fluoro-5-iodo- phenylcarbamoy ⁇ -pyridin ⁇ -ylj-piperazin-i-ylj-benzoic acid ethyl ester with LiOH monohydrate in manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3- tert-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid, above.
• Example 109 ⁇ [S ⁇ I-Ethyl-I H-indol- ⁇ -ylcarbamoyO-pyridin ⁇ -ylJ-piperazin-i-ylJ-benzoic acid.
• Example 138 3-methyl-4- ⁇ 4-[5- ⁇ 1 -ethyl-1 H-indoI-6-ylcarbarnoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ - benzoic acid
• Example 151 4- ⁇ 4-[4-(Benzo[jb]thiophen-5-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid [0261] With the same method as described for the preparation of 4- ⁇ 4-[4-(2-fluoro-5- trifluoromethyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1 -yl ⁇ -benzoic acid, 4- ⁇ 4-[4- (benzo[b]thiophen-5-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -benzoic acid was prepared from 4-[4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester and benzo[b]thiophen-5-ylamine.
• LCMS calc for C26H23N3O3S (m/e) 457, obsd 458 (M+H).
• [0268]4-[5-(3-tert-Butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was prepared from N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-nicotinamide and 1-Boc-piperazine following a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxyiic acid tert-butyl ester above.
• [0270]4-[5-(1-Ethyl-1 H-indol-6-ylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was prepared from 6-chloro-N-(1 -ethyl-1 H-indol-6-yl)- nicotinamide and 1-Boc-piperazine following a method similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4-[5-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester above.
• Example 171 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyIcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazin-1-yl ⁇ -2,2- dimethyl-4-oxo-butyric acid.
• N-benzothiazol-2-yl-4-piperazin-1-yl-benzamide trifluoroacetate 40 mg was mixed with 2-oxa-spiro[4,4]nonane-1 ,3-dione (30 mg) in DMF (5 mL) containing triethylamine (0.1 mL) and the mixture was stirred foe 5 hrs. Solvents were evaporated and the residue was treated with ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 N).
• [0289]4- ⁇ 4-[5-(4-tert-Butyl-phenyicarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ - cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester was prepared from N-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)- 6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide and trans-1 ,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester using a procedure similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ - cyclohexanecarboxylic acid above.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6- ⁇ 4-[2-(2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl)-acetyl]-piperazin-1- yl ⁇ -nicotinamide was prepared by the ECDI coupling of 2,4-dioxo 1 ,3 thiazolidine acetic acid with N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1 -yl-nicotinamide in DMF in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl- phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1 -carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, above.
• N-(3-tert-Butyi-phenyl)-4- ⁇ 4-[2-(2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl)-acetyl]-piperazin-1- yl ⁇ -benzamide was prepared by the ECDI coupling of 2,4-dioxo 1 ,3 thiazolidine acetic acid with N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4-piperazin-1 -yl-benzamide in DMF in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl- phenyl carbamoyl )-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, above.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4- ⁇ 1-[2-(2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4- yl ⁇ -benzamide was synthesized by the ECDI coupling of N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4- piperidin-4-yl-benzamide and 2-(2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl)-acetic acid in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl- phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, above.
• LCMS calcd for C27H31 N3O4S (m/e) 493, obsd 494 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4- ⁇ 1-[3-(3-hydroxy-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionyl]-piperidin-4- yl ⁇ -benzamide was prepared by the ECDI coupling of N-(3-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4- piperidin-4-yl-benzamide and 3-(3-hydroxy-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionic acid in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl- phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1 -carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, above.
• LCMS calcd for C28H33N3O4 (m/e) 475, obsd 476 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6- ⁇ 4-[3-(3-hydroxy-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionyl]-piperazin- 1 -yl ⁇ -nicotinamide was synthesized from the EDCI coupling of N-(3-tert-butyl- phenyl)-6-piperazin-1 -yl-nicotinamide and 3-(3-hydroxy-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionic acid in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert-butyl- phenylcarbamoyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, above.
• LCMS calcd for C26H31 N5O4 (m/e) 477, obsd 478 (M+H).
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-6-[4-(4-ethanesulfonylaminocarbonyl- cyclohexanecarbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-nicotinamide was prepared from 4- ⁇ 4-[5-(3-tert- butyl-phenyl carbamoyl )-pyridin-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and ethyl sulfonamide in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-propane-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1 ,2']bipyridinyl-5'-carboxylic acid (4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-amide above.
• N-(3-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4-[4-(4-ethanesulfonylaminocarbonyl- cyclohexanecarbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-benzamide was prepared from 4- ⁇ 4-[4-(3-tert- butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl ⁇ -cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and ethyl sulfonamide in a manner similar to the one described in the synthesis of 4- (2-methyl-propane-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1 ,2']bipyridinyl- 5'-carboxylic acid (4-iodo-3-methyl-phenyl)-amide above.
• N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-nicotinamide and 3-isocyanato- propionic acid ethyl ester was synthesized by the addition of 3-isocyanato-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.055 mmol) to N-(3-iodo-4-methyl-phenyl)-6-piperazin-1 -yl- nicotinamide (0.05 mmol) partially dissolved in DCM and stirred at room temperature overnight.

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