Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
  • C07F9/32—Esters thereof
  • C07F9/3205—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
  • C07F9/3211—Esters of acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
  • C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
  • C07F9/32—Esters thereof
  • C07F9/3258—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
  • C07F9/3264—Esters with hydroxyalkyl compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
  • C07F9/4808—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or structure which is considered as characteristic
  • C07F9/4816—Acyclic saturated acids or derivatices which can have further substituents on alkyl
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
  • C07F9/4866—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or structure which is considered as characteristic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of monoamino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts by means of acrylonitriles and their use.
• the invention therefore relates to a process for preparing monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts, which comprises: a) a source of phosphinic acid (I)
• the alkylphosphonous acid obtained according to step a), its salt or ester (II) and / or the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid obtained according to step b), its salt or ester (VI) and / or the monoaminofunctionalized product obtained according to step c) are preferred Dialkylphosphinic, whose salt or ester (III) and / or the respectively resulting reaction solution thereof with an alkylene oxide or an alcohol M-OH and / or M'-OH esterified, and the respectively resulting Alkylphosphonigklakladreester (II), monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic (IV) and or mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic (III) the further reaction steps b), c) or d) subjected.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are preferably identical or different and are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert. Butyl and / or phenyl.
• XH 1 is preferably Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Ti, Fe, Ce, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert. Butyl, phenyl, ethylene glycol, propyl glycol, butyl glycol, pentyl glycol, hexyl glycol, allyl and / or glycerol.
• Y is preferably hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic, formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, lactic, palmitic, stearic, malonic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, trimethylborane, triethylborane, tributylborane or triphenylborane.
• N is preferably 0, V 4 , V 3 , V 2 , 1, 2, 3 and 4.
• the catalyst systems A and C are preferably each formed by reaction of a transition metal and / or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand.
• transition metals and / or transition metal compounds are preferably those from the seventh and eighth subgroups.
• transition metals and / or transition metal compounds are preferably rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, palladium, platinum.
• Catalyst B is preferably hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxoborate, peracetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide and / or peroxodisulfuric acid and / or azodiisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and / or
• the acrylonitriles (V) are preferably acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, 3-phenylacrylonitrile, 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile.
• the alcohol of the general formula M-OH is linear or branched, saturated and unsaturated, monohydric organic alcohols having a carbon chain length of CiC-i ⁇ and in the alcohol of the general formula M'-OH to linear or branched, saturated and unsaturated, polyhydric organic alcohols having a carbon chain length of C 1 -C 18 .
• the invention also relates to the use of mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 as an intermediate for further syntheses, as a binder, as a crosslinker or accelerator in the curing of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester resins , as polymer stabilizers, as
• Pesticides as a therapeutic agent or additive in human and animal therapeutics, as a sequestering agent, as a mineral oil additive, as a corrosion inhibitor, in detergent and cleaning agent applications, and in electronics applications.
• the invention also relates to the use of mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts and esters, which have been prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, as flame retardants, in particular Flame retardants for clearcoats and intumescent coatings, flame retardants for wood and other cellulosic products, as a reactive and / or non-reactive flame retardant for polymers, for the production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and / or for flame retardant finishing of polyester and cellulose pure and Blended fabrics by impregnation.
• flame retardants in particular Flame retardants for clearcoats and intumescent coatings, flame retardants for wood and other cellulosic products, as a reactive and / or non-reactive flame retardant for polymers, for the production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and / or for flame retardant finishing of polyester
• the invention also relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer molding composition containing 0.5 to 45 wt .-% mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters, which according to one or more of
• the invention also relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer moldings, films, filaments and fibers containing from 0.5 to 45% by weight of monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters, which according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, 0.5 to 95 wt .-% thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or
• step c) If the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) after step c) is an ester, acidic or basic hydrolysis may preferably be carried out in order to obtain the free monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid or its salt.
• the target compounds to be prepared are preferably 3- (ethylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (propylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (i-propylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1 - aminopropane, 3- (butylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (sec-butylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (i-butylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (2-phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl) -1-aminopropane, 3- (Ethylhydroxyphosphinyl) -2-methyl-1-aminopropane, 3- (Propylhydroxyphosphinyl) -2-methyl-1-aminopropane, 3- (i-Propylhydroxyphosphinyl) -2-methyl-1-aminopropane, 3-
• the amino functionality of the abovementioned monoamino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, their salts and esters of the formula (III) is preferably a "free" amine or forms ammonium salts with mineral acids, carboxylic acids, Lewis acids, ogranic acids or mixtures of these acids.
• Preferred mineral acids are, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid.
• preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid.
• Preferred Lewis acids are boranes such as diborane, trialkylboranes such as trimethylborane, triethylborane, tributylborane and triarylboranes such as triphenylborane.
• the transition metals for the catalyst A are preferably elements of the seventh and eighth subgroups (according to modern nomenclature a metal of group 7, 8, 9 or 10), such as rhenium, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium and platinum.
• the metal salts used as the source of the transition metals and transition metal compounds are those of mineral acids containing the anions fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, fluorite, chlorite, bromite, iodite, hypofluorite, hypochlorite, hypobromite, hypoiodite, perfluorate, perchlorate, perbromate, periodate, Cyanide, cyanate, nitrate, nitride, nitrite, oxide, hydroxide, borate, sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, persulfate, thiosulfate, sulfamate, phosphate, phosphite, hypophosphite, phosphide, carbonate and sulfonate, such as methanesulfonate, chlorosulfonate, fluorosulfonate, fluorosulfonate
• transition metals and transition metal compounds are salts of the transition metals with tetraphenylborate and halogenated tetraphenylborate anions, such as perfluorophenylborate.
• Suitable salts also include double salts and complex salts consisting of one or more transition metal ions and independently one or more alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, organic ammonium, phosphonium and organic phosphonium ions and independently one or more of the abovementioned anions.
• Suitable double salts provide z.
• a source of the transition metals is the transition metal as an element and / or a transition metal compound in its zero-valent state.
• the transition metal is used metallically or used as an alloy with other metals, in which case boron, zirconium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, cobalt, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum and / or gold is preferred.
• the transition metal content in the alloy used is preferably 45-99.95% by weight.
• the transition metal is microdispersed (particle size 0.1 mm - 100 microns) used.
• the transition metal is supported on a metal oxide, such as
• Suitable sources of the metal salts and / or transition metals are preferably also their complex compounds.
• Complex compounds of the metal salts and / or transition metals are composed of the metal salts or transition metals and one or more complexing agents. Suitable complexing agents are, for. For example, olefins, diolefins, nitriles, dinitriles, carbon monoxide, phosphines, diphosphines, phosphites, diphosphites, dibenzylideneacetone, cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or styrene. Suitable complex compounds of the metal salts and / or transition metals may be supported on the abovementioned support materials.
• the content of said supported transition metals 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the support material.
• Suitable sources of transition metals and transition metal compounds are, for example
• the ligands are preferably phosphines of the formula (VII)
• Suitable phosphines are, for example, trimethyl, triethyl, tripropyl, triisopropyl, tributyl, triisobutyl, triisopentyl, trihexyl, tricyclohexyl, trioctyl, tridecyl, triphenyl, diphenylmethyl, phenyldimethyl, tri (o-tolyl), tri (p-tolyl), ethyldiphenyl, dicyclohexylphenyl, 2-pyridyldiphenyl, bis (6-methyl-2-pyridyl) phenyl, tri (p-chlorophenyl), tri ( p-methoxyphenyl), diphenyl (2-sulfonatophenyl) phosphine; Potassium, sodium and ammonium salts of diphenyl (3-sulfonatophenyl) phosphine, bis (4,6-dimethyl
• the ligands are bidentate ligands of the general formula
• M independently represent N, P, As or Sb.
• the two M are the same and more preferably M "is a phosphorus atom.
• Each group R 9 independently represents the groups described under formula (VII). Preferably, all groups R 9 are identical.
• Z preferably represents a divalent bridging group which contains at least 1 bridging atom, preferably containing 2 to 6 bridging atoms.
• Bridging atoms can be selected from C, N, O, Si, and S atoms.
• Z is an organic bridging group containing at least one carbon atom.
• Z is an organic bridging group containing from 1 to 6 bridging atoms of which at least two are carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted.
• Preferred Z groups are -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CHa) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (CHs) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (C 2 Hs) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -Si (CHa) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 Hs) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (n-Pr) -CH, -CH 2 -CH (n-Bu) -CH 2 - , unsubstituted or substituted 1, 2-phenyl, 1, 2-cyclohexyl, 1, 1 'or 1, 2-ferrocenyl radicals, 2,2 ' - (1, 1 '
• Suitable bidentate phosphine ligands (VIII) are, for example
• the ligands of the formula (VII) and (VIII) can be bonded to a suitable polymer or inorganic substrate by the radicals R 9 and / or the bridging group.
• the catalyst system has a transition metal-to-ligand molar ratio of from 1: 0.01 to 1: 100, preferably from 1: 0.05 to 1:10, and more preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 4.
• the reactions in the process stages a), b) c) and d) preferably take place optionally in an atmosphere which contains further gaseous constituents, such as
• the isolation of the products and / or the transition metal and / or the transition metal compound and / or catalyst system and / or the ligand and / or the reactants according to process steps a), b) c) and d) is optionally carried out by distillation or rectification, by crystallization or precipitation, by filtration or centrifugation, by adsorption or chromatography or other known methods.
• solvents, adjuvants and optionally other volatile components are replaced by, for. As distillation, filtration and / or extraction.
• the reactions in the process stages a), b) c), and d) optionally in absorption columns, spray towers, bubble columns, stirred tanks, Reiselbettreaktor, Strömumgsrohren, loop reactors and / or kneaders.
• Suitable mixing devices are z. As anchor, blade, MIG, propeller, impeller, turbine, cross-stirrer, dispersing, hollow (gassing) - stirrer, rotor-stator mixers, static mixers, Venturi nozzles and / or lift pumps.
• reaction solutions / mixtures preferably undergo one
• an intensive mixing of the respective reactants, etc. takes place under an energy input of 0.080 to 10 kW / m 3 , preferably 0.30 to 1.65 kW / m 3 .
• the particular catalyst A or C preferably acts homogeneously and / or heterogeneously during the reaction. Therefore, the heterogeneous catalyst acts during the reaction as a suspension or bound to a solid phase.
• the particular catalyst A or C is preferably generated in situ before the reaction and / or at the beginning of the reaction and / or during the reaction.
• the particular reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent as a one-phase system in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture and / or in the gas phase.
• phase transfer catalyst can additionally be used.
• the reactions according to the invention can be carried out in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or else in the supercritical phase.
• the respective catalyst A or C in liquids is preferably homogeneous or as
• Suitable solvents are water, alcohols such. Methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, i-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, n-Tridecanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
• glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, etc .
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, etc .
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene 1 mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, etc .
• Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, etc .
• alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclo
• Suitable solvents are also the olefins and phosphinic acid sources used. These offer advantages in terms of a higher space-time yield.
• the reaction is carried out under its own vapor pressure of the olefin and / or the solvent.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 of the olefin (IV) are the same or different and are independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl and / or phenyl.
• olefins such as allyl isothiocyanate, allyl methacrylate, 2-allylphenol, N-allylthiourea, 2- (allylthio) -2-thiazoline,
• the reaction preferably takes place at a partial pressure of the olefin of 0.01-100 bar, more preferably at a partial pressure of the olefin of 0.1-10 bar.
• the reaction is carried out in a phosphinic-olefin molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0.001, more preferably in the ratio of 1: 30 to 1: 0.01.
• the reaction preferably takes place in a phosphinic acid catalyst molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 0.00000001, more preferably 1: 0.01 to 1: 0.000001.
• the reaction preferably takes place in a phosphinic acid / solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably 1:50 to 1: 1.
• a process according to the invention for the preparation of compounds of the formula (II) is characterized in that a phosphinic acid source is reacted with olefins in the presence of a catalyst and the product (II) (alkylphosphonous acid or salts, esters) of catalyst, transition metal or transition metal compound , Ligand, complexing agent, salts and by-products.
• a phosphinic acid source is reacted with olefins in the presence of a catalyst and the product (II) (alkylphosphonous acid or salts, esters) of catalyst, transition metal or transition metal compound , Ligand, complexing agent, salts and by-products.
• the catalyst, the catalyst system, the transition metal and / or the transition metal compound is separated by adding an adjuvant 1 and removing the catalyst, the catalyst system, the transition metal and / or the transition metal compound by extraction and / or filtration.
• the ligand and / or complexing agent is separated by extraction with auxiliaries 2 and / or distillation with auxiliaries 2.
• Auxiliary 1 is preferably water and / or at least one member of the family of metal scavengers.
• Preferred metal scavengers are metal oxides such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, Celite ®, diatomaceous earth; Metal carbonates such as barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate; Metal sulfates such as barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate; Metal phosphates such as aluminum phosphate, vanadium phosphate metal carbides such as silicon carbide; Metal aluminates such as calcium aluminate; Metal silicates such as aluminum silicate, chalks, zeolites, bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite; functionalized silicates, functionalized silica gels, such as Silia Bond ®, QuadraSil TM; Polys
• Auxiliaries 1 are preferably added in quantities corresponding to a 0.1-40% by weight loading of the metal on the auxiliary 1.
• Aid 1 at temperatures of 20 is preferred - 90 0 C.
• the residence time of adjuvant 1 is preferably 0.5 to 360 minutes.
• Auxiliary 2 is preferably the abovementioned solvent according to the invention, as are preferably used in process step a).
• Alkylphosphonigklarivate (II) and the phosphinic acid (I) to the corresponding esters can be achieved for example by reaction with higher boiling alcohols with removal of the water formed by azeotropic distillation or by reaction with epoxides (alkylene oxides).
• the alkylphosphonous acid (II) is directly esterified with an alcohol of the general formula M-OH and / or M'-OH or by reaction with alkylene oxides, as indicated below.
• M-OH are primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols having a carbon chain length of CI-Ci 8 .
• Particularly preferred are methanol, ethanol, Propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, amyl alcohol and / or hexanol.
• M'-OH ethylene glycol 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1, 3-diol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexane-dimethanol, glycerol, trishydroxymethylethane, trishydroxymethylpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, ⁇ -naphthol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and / or EO-PO block polymers.
• M-OH and M'-OH are mono- or polyhydric, unsaturated alcohols having a carbon chain length of C 1 -C 18 , such as n-buten-2-ol-1, 1, 4-butenediol and allyl alcohol.
• M-OH and M'-OH are reaction products of monohydric alcohols with one or more molecules of alkylene oxides, preferably with ethylene oxide and / or 1, 2-propylene oxide.
• reaction products of monohydric alcohols with one or more molecules of alkylene oxides preferably with ethylene oxide and / or 1, 2-propylene oxide.
• M-OH and M'-OH are also preferably reaction products of polyhydric alcohols with one or more molecules of alkylene oxide, in particular diglycol and triglycol, and adducts of 1 to 6 molecules of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with glycerol, trishydroxymethylpropane or pentaerythritol.
• reaction products of water with one or more molecules of alkylene oxide Preference is given to polyethylene glycols and poly-1, 2-propylene glycols of various molecular sizes having an average molecular weight of 100-1000 g / mol, more preferably of 150-350 g / mol.
• M-OH and M'-OH are reaction products of ethylene oxide with poly-1, 2-propylene glycols or fatty alcohol propylene glycols; as well Reaction products of 1, 2-propylene oxide with polyethylene glycols or fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Preference is given to those reaction products having an average molecular weight of 100-1000 g / mol, more preferably of 150-450 g / mol.
• reaction products of alkylene oxides with ammonia, primary or secondary amines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, oxygen acids of phosphorus and C 2 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acids are also usable as M-OH and M'-OH.
• reaction products of ethylene oxide with nitrogen compounds are triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, n-butyl-diethanolamine, n-dodecyl-diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-butyl-methyl-ethanolamine, di-n-butyl-ethanolamine, n-dodecylmethyl-ethanolamine, tetrahydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine or pentahydroxyethyl-diethylenetriamine.
• Preferred alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, 1, 2-propylene oxide, 1, 2-epoxybutane, 1, 2-epoxyethylbenzene, (2,3-epoxypropyl) benzene, 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol and 3,4-epoxy-1 - butene.
• Suitable solvents are those mentioned in process step a) solvent and the alcohol M-OH, M 'is -OH and the alkylene oxides. These offer advantages in terms of a higher space-time yield.
• the reaction is preferably carried out under the autogenous vapor pressure of the alcohol M-OH, M '-OH and alkylene oxide and / or of the solvent.
• the reaction is preferably at a partial pressure of the alcohol M-OH, M '-OH and alkylene oxide from 0.01 to 100 bar, more preferably at a partial pressure of the alcohol from 0.1 to 10 bar.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of -20 to 340 ° C., more preferably at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C.
• the reaction takes place at a total pressure of 1 to 100 bar.
• the reaction preferably takes place in a molar ratio of the alcohol or alkylene oxide component to the phosphinic acid source (I) or alkylphosphonous acid (II) or monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) or monoamino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) of 10,000: 1 to 0.001: 1, more preferably in the ratio of 1000: 1 to 0.01: 1.
• the reaction preferably takes place in a molar ratio of the phosphinic acid source (I) or alkylphosphonous acid (II) or monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) or monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) to the solvent of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in a phosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
• catalysts B 1 as used in process step b) are peroxo compounds such as peroxomonosulfuric acid, potassium monopersulfate (potassium peroxomonosulfate), caroate (TM), oxone (TM), peroxodisulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxodisulfate), sodium persulfate (sodium peroxodisulfate), ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxodisulfate).
• peroxo compounds such as peroxomonosulfuric acid, potassium monopersulfate (potassium peroxomonosulfate), caroate (TM), oxone (TM), peroxodisulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxodisulfate), sodium persulfate (sodium peroxodisulfate), ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxodisulfate).
• catalysts B are compounds which can form peroxides in the solvent system, such as sodium peroxide, hydrates, lithium peroxide, hydrates, calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide, barium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, zinc peroxide, potassium peroxide, hydrates, sodium peroxoborate, hydrates, potassium peroxoborate peroxohydrate, magnesium peroxoborate, calcium peroxoborate, Bariumperoxoborat, Strontiumperoxoborat, Kaliumperoxoborat, Peroxomonophosphorklare, peroxodiphosphoric, potassium peroxodiphosphate, ammonium peroxodiphosphate, Kaliumammoniumperoxodiphosphate (double salt), sodium carbonate peroxohydrate, urea peroxohydrate, Ammoniumoxalatperoxid, Bariumperoxidperoxohydrat, Bariumperoxidperoxohydrat, Calciumhydrogenperoxide, Calciumperoxidperoxohydrat, Ammoniumtri
• Preferred catalysts B are hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, pinene hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, acetylacetone peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, succinic acid peroxide, dicetyl peroxydicarbonate, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, tert-butyl peroxymaleic acid, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide.
• Preferred catalysts B are water-soluble azo compounds.
• Particularly preferred azo initiators as VAZO ® 52 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile), Vazo ® 64 (azo-bis (isobutyronitrile), AIBN) 1 VAZO ® 67 2,2'-azobis (2 - methylbutyronitrile), VAZO ® 88 1, r-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), VAZO ® 68 from Dupont-Biesteritz, V-70 2.2 1 -azois (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) , V-65 2.2 I-azobis (2 I 4-dimethylvaleronitrile), V-601 dimethyl 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate), V-59 2.2 1 azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), V -40 1, 1-azobis (cyclohexane-i-carbonitrile), VF-096 2,2'
• azo initiators such as 2-tert-butylazo-2-cyanopropane,
• alkyl perketals such as 2,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, ethyl 3,3-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butyrate, 1,1-di- (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane.
• Preferred catalysts B are also metals, metal hydrides and metal alcoholates such as, for example, lithium, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, methyl lithium, butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium, sodium hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethanolate or sodium butylate, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium butylate.
• metals, metal hydrides and metal alcoholates such as, for example, lithium, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, methyl lithium, butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium, sodium hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethanolate or sodium butylate, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium butylate.
• the catalyst B is used in amounts of 0.05 to 5 mol% relative to the respective acrylonitriles (V).
• the catalyst B is preferably used in amounts of from 0.001 to 10 mol%, based on the phosphorus-containing compound.
• Suitable solvents are those as used further in process step a).
• the catalyst B is preferably metered in at a rate of from 0.01 to 10 mol% of catalyst per hour, based on the phosphorus-containing compound.
• the implementation of the alkylphosphonous acids (II) with acrylonitrile is preferably carried out (V) at a temperature from 0 to 250 0 C, particularly preferably at 20 to 200 0 C and in particular at 50 to 150 0 C.
• the atmosphere in the reaction with the acrylonitrile (V) to 50 to 99.9 wt .-% of components of the solvent and acrylonitrile (V), preferably 70-95%.
• the reaction preferably takes place during the addition of acrylonitrile (V) at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar.
• V acrylonitrile
• the product mixture obtained after process stage a) and / or b) is worked up.
• the product mixture obtained after process stage a) is worked up and then the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids obtained according to process stage b) and / or their esters and alkali metal salts are reacted in process stage c).
• the invention further provides a process in step b) for the continuous preparation of monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic esters (VI) by reacting alkylphosphonous esters (II) with acrylonitrile (V) in the presence of metal alcoholates (catalyst B), which comprises a) in a closed loop for the circulation of the reaction mixture and provided with cooling means and overflow reactor, a volume corresponding to the reactor volume of the produced mono-functionalized Dialkylphosphinklastern (VI), optionally in admixture with the metal alcohol corresponding alcohol as a solvent, presents and in circulation leads; that b) in the reactor continuously the Alkylphosphonigklaklander (II), the
• a preferred embodiment of the inventive method is that one carries out the reaction of the reaction components at a temperature of 20 to 50 0 C.
• the loading of the reactor with the Reaction components and the catalyst solution can be carried out, for example, by introducing a) the alkylphosphonous ester (II), the acrylonitrile (V) and the alcoholic solution of the metal alcoholate separately into the reactor b) a mixture of the alkylphosphonous ester (II) with the acrylonitrile (V) , separated from the alcoholic solution of the metal alcoholate, is introduced into the reactor or c) a mixture of the alkylphosphonous ester (II) with the alcoholic solution of the metal alcoholate, separated from the acrylonitrile (V), is introduced into the reactor.
• the alcohol used as solvent and / or the alcoholic component of the metal alcoholate corresponds to the alcoholic component of the alkylphosphonous ester (II).
• step c) is carried out by hydrogenating the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salts and esters (VI) by means of selective hydrogenation by a reducing agent or catalytically Reached hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst C and optionally an amine and a promoter.
• Preferred reducing agents are metal hydrides, borohydrides, metal borohydrides, aluminum hydrides, metal aluminum hydrides.
• Examples of preferred reducing agents are decaborane, diborane, diisobutylaluminum hydride, dimethylsulphidborane, dimethylsulphidborane, copper hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, nickel borohydride, tributyltin hydride, tin hydride.
• the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid reducing agent molar ratio of from 1:10 to 1: 0.1, particularly preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid reducing agent molar ratio of from 1: 2 to 1: 0.25.
• the preferred catalytic hydrogenation is carried out by means of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst C and optionally an amine and / or a promoter.
• Catalyst C as used for process step c) for the reaction of the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) with hydrogen and, if appropriate, a promoter, is mono-amino-functionalized
• Dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (III), may preferably be the catalyst A.
• Bis (phospholane) ligands such as bis (2,5-transalkyldialkylphospholane), bis (2,4-trans-dialkylphosphine), 1,2-bis (phenoxyphosphine) ethane, 1,2-bis (3-methylphenoxyphosphine ) ethane, 1, 2-bis (2-methylphenoxyphosphine) ethane, 1, 2-bis (1-methylphenoxyphosphine) ethane, 1, 2-bis (1, 3,5-trimethylphenoxyphosphine) ethane, 1, 3-bis (phenoxyphosphine) propane, 1, 3-bis (3-methylphenoxyphosphine) propane, 1, 3-bis (2-methylphenoxyphosphine) propane, 1, 3-bis (1-methylphenoxyphosphine) propane, 1, 3-bis (1-
• the proportion of catalyst C based on the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) used is preferably 0.00001 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.0001 to 10 mol%.
• the hydrogenation reaction preferably takes place in the presence of an amine.
• Preferred amines are ammonia, monoamines, diamines, higher amines and the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salt or ester.
• Preferred monoamines are, for example, amines of the formula R '- NH 2 , where R 1 corresponds to linear or branched C 20- alkyl.
• R 1 corresponds to linear or branched C 20- alkyl.
• Preferred are methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, i-propylamine, butylamine, i-butylamine, pentylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine.
• Preferred diamines are, for example, amines of the formula H 2 NR "-NH 2 , where R" corresponds to linear or branched C 20- alkyl. Preference is given to ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diaminobutane, pentamethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
• the partial pressure of the ammonia is preferably 0.01 to 100 bar, more preferably 0.05 to 50 bar, in particular 0.1 to 20 bar performed.
• the concentration of ammonia in the reaction mixture is 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 25 wt .-%.
• the concentration of monoamine and / or diamine in the reaction mixture is 1 to 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 60 wt .-%.
• the hydrogenation reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a promoter, preference being given as promoters to alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alcoholates.
• promoters preference being given as promoters to alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alcoholates.
• preferred promoters are NaOH, KOH, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Ba (OH) 2 and sodium or potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or sodium butoxide, with NaOH, KOH being particularly preferred.
• the ratio of promoter to catalyst is preferably about 0.001: 1 to 0.5: 1, preferably about 0.01: 1 to 0.2: 1, more preferably 0.04: 1 to 0.1: 1.
• at least part of the promoter and, secondly, the amine are added to the catalyst and / or the solution / suspension containing the catalyst.
• at least 10 wt .-%, preferably 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably 50 wt .-% of the promoter is added first.
• the transition metals are used in their zerovalent state.
• the heterogeneous catalyst acts during the reaction as a suspension or bound to a solid phase.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent as a one-phase system in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture and / or in the gas phase.
• Suitable solvents are those as used further in process step a).
• the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
• the reaction is carried out at temperatures of 20 to 200 0 C and more preferably from 40 to 150 0 C, in particular from 60 to 100 0 C.
• the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 20 hours.
• the reaction is preferably carried out under the partial pressure of the hydrogen and / or of the solvent.
• the process step of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a partial pressure of the hydrogen of 0.1 to 100 bar, particularly preferably 0.5 to 50 bar, in particular 1 to 20 bar.
• the process step of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at an absolute pressure of 0.1 to 150 bar, more preferably 0.5 to 70 bar, in particular 1 to 30 bar.
• the hydrogenation according to the invention can be carried out in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or else in the supercritical phase.
• the catalyst is preferably used homogeneously or as a suspension, while a fixed-bed arrangement is advantageous in the case of gas-phase or supercritical operation.
• the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid or its salt (III) can be subsequently converted into further metal salts.
• the metal compounds used in process step d) are preferably compounds of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K. particularly preferably Ca, Al, Ti, Zn, Sn, Ce, Fe.
• Suitable solvents for process step d) are those which are used further in process step a).
• reaction is carried out in process step d) in an aqueous medium.
• the reaction takes place in a molar ratio of monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salt (III) to metal of 8: 1 to 1: 3 (for tetravalent metal ions or metals having a stable tetravalent oxidation state) of from 6: 1 to 1 3 (for trivalent metal ions or metals with stable trivalent oxidation state), from 4 to 1 to 1 to 3 (for divalent
• Metal ions or metals with stable divalent oxidation state and from 3 to 1 to 1 to 4 (for monovalent metal ions or metals with stable monovalent oxidation state).
• process step c) obtained mono-amino-functionalized DialkylphosphinklarAsalz (III) in the corresponding dialkylphosphinic and sets in process step d) with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe to the mono -amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic salts (III) of these metals.
• monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid ester (III) obtained in process step c) is converted into a dialkylphosphinic alkali metal salt and in process stage d) this is reacted with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe to the monomino-functionalized Dialkylphosphinkladzen (III) of these metals.
• the metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe for process stage d) are preferably metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, oxide hydroxides, borates, carbonates, hydroxocarbonates, hydroxocarbonate hydrates, mixed hydroxocarbonates, - mixed hydroxocarbonate hydrates, phosphates, sulfates, sulfate hydrates, hydroxysulfate hydrates, mixed hydroxysulfate hydrates, oxysulfates, acetates, nitrates, fluorides, fluoride hydrates, chlorides, chloride hydrates, oxychlorides, bromides , iodides, iodide hydrates, carboxylic acid derivatives and / or alkoxides.
• the metal compounds are preferably aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, titanyl sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide and / or zinc sulfate.
• metallic aluminum fluoride, hydroxychloride, bromide, iodide, sulfide, selenide; phosphide, hypophosphite, antimonide, nitride; carbide, hexafluorosilicate; hydride, calcium hydride, borohydride; chlorate; Sodium aluminum sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, aluminum ammonium sulfate, nitrate, metaphosphate, phosphate, silicate, magnesium silicate, carbonate, hydrotalcite, sodium carbonate, borate; thiocyanate; oxide, oxyhydroxide, their corresponding hydrates and / or polyaluminum hydroxy compounds, which preferably have an aluminum content of 9 to 40
• aluminum salts of mono-, di-, oligo-, polycarboxylic acids such as.
• zinc halides zinc fluoride, zinc chlorides, zinc bromide, zinc iodide.
• zinc salts of the oxo acids of the transition metals for example zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide, chromite, molybdate, permanganate, molybdate.
• zinc salts of mono-, di-, oligo-, polycarboxylic acids such as. B. zinc formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caprylate, oleate, stearate, oxalate, tartrate, citrate, benzoate, salicylate, lactate, acrylate, maleate, succinate, salts of amino acids (glycine), of acidic hydroxy functions (Zinc phenolate, etc.), zinc p-phenolsulfonate, acetylacetonate, stannate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, trifluoromethanesulfonate.
• Titanium compounds include metallic titanium as well as titanium (III) and / or (IV) chloride, nitrate, sulfate, formate, acetate, bromide, fluoride, oxychloride,
• oxysulfate oxide, n-propoxide, n-butoxide, isopropoxide, ethoxide, 2-ethylhexyl oxide.
• metallic tin and tin salts tin (II) and / or (IV) chloride
• Tin oxides and tin alkoxide such.
• Tin (IV) tert-butoxide is also suitable.
• cerium (III) fluoride is also suitable.
• chloride is also suitable.
• nitrate is also suitable.
• zirconium compounds metallic zirconium and zirconium salts such as zirconium chloride, sulfate, zirconyl acetate, zirconyl chloride are preferred. Further preferred are zirconium oxides and zirconium (IV) tert-butoxide.
• the reaction in process step d) preferably takes place at a solids content of the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid salts of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight.
• the reaction preferably takes place in process stage d) at a temperature of 20 to 250 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 80 to 120 ° C.
• the reaction in process stage d) preferably takes place at a pressure of between 0.01 and 1000 bar, preferably 0.1 to 100 bar.
• the reaction preferably takes place in process stage d) for a reaction time of from 1 ⁇ 10 7 to 1000 h.
• the product mixture obtained after process step c) is reacted with the metal compounds without further purification.
• Preferred solvents are the solvents mentioned in process step a).
• reaction in process stage c) and / or d) is preferably in the solvent system given by stage a) and / or b).
• the reaction in process step d) is in a modified given solvent system.
• acidic components, solubilizers, foam inhibitors, etc. are added.
• the product mixture obtained after process stage a), b) and / or c) is worked up.
• the product mixture obtained after process stage c) is worked up and then the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and / or their salts or esters (III) obtained in process stage c) are reacted with the metal compounds in process stage d).
• the product mixture according to process step c) is worked up by the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and / or their salts or esters (III) are isolated by removing the solvent system, for. B. by evaporation.
• the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid salt (III) of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe preferably has a residual moisture content of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1 Wt .-%, an average particle size of 0.1 to 2000 .mu.m, preferably from 10 to 500 .mu.m, a bulk density of 80 to 800 g / l, preferably from 200 to 700 g / l, a flowability of Pfrengle of 0.5 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, on.
• the amino functionality of the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, their salts and esters of the formula (III) can be subsequently reacted with mineral acids, carboxylic acids, Lewis acids, ogranic acids or mixtures of these acids to form further ammonium salts.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature from 0 to 150 0 C 1 more preferably at a temperature of 20 to 70 0 C.
• Suitable solvents are those as used further in process step a).
• Preferred mineral acids are, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid.
• Examples of preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid.
• Preferred Lewis acids are boranes such as diborane, trialkylboranes such as trimethylborane, triethylborane, tributylborane, triarylboranes such as triphenylborane.
• ammonium salts are particularly preferably salts of the abovementioned monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, their salts and esters with hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, triphenylborane.
• the shaped bodies, films, threads and fibers particularly preferably contain from 5 to 30% by weight of the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salts prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, 5 to 90% by weight.
• % Polymer or mixtures thereof from 5 to 40% by weight of additives and from 5 to 40% by weight of filler, the sum of the components always being 100% by weight.
• the additives are preferably antioxidants, antistatics, blowing agents, other flame retardants, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, process aids, lubricants, light stabilizers, anti-dripping agents, compatibilizers, reinforcing agents, fillers,
• nucleating agents nucleating agents, laser marking additives, hydrolysis stabilizers, chain extenders, color pigments, plasticizers and / or plasticizers.
• a flame retardant containing 0.1 to 90 wt .-% of halogen-poor mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, esters and salts (III) and 0.1 to 50 wt .-% further additives, more preferably diols.
• Preferred additives are also aluminum trihydrate, antimony oxide, brominated aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ethers, chlorinated paraffin, hexachlorocyclopentadiene adducts, red phosphorus, melamine derivatives, melamine cyanurates, ammonium polyphosphates and magnesium hydroxide.
• Preferred additives are also other flame retardants, in particular salts of dialkylphosphinic acids.
• the invention relates to the use of the inventive mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, esters and salts (III) as a flame retardant or as an intermediate for the production of flame retardants for thermoplastic polymers such as polyester, polystyrene or polyamide and thermosetting polymers such as unsaturated Polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes or acrylates.
• thermoplastic polymers such as polyester, polystyrene or polyamide
• thermosetting polymers such as unsaturated Polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes or acrylates.
• Suitable polyesters are derived from dicarboxylic acids and their esters and diols and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones. Particularly preferred is terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, propane-1, 3-diol, butane-1, 3-diol used. Suitable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (Celanex ® 2500, Celanex ® 2002, from Celanese;. Ultradur ® from BASF), poly-1, 4- dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, and also block polyether esters derived from polyethers having hydroxyl end groups; also with polycarbonates or MBS modified polyester.
• dicarboxylic acid esters in particular dimethyl esters, initially transesterified and then polycondensed using the catalysts customary for this purpose.
• conventional additives crosslinking agents, matting and stabilizing agents, nucleating agents, dyes and fillers, etc. may preferably be added during polyester production.
• the esterification and / or transesterification takes place in the polyester production at temperatures of 100-300 ° C., more preferably 150-250 ° C.
• the polycondensation takes place in the polyester production at pressures between 0.1 to 1, 5 mbar and temperatures of 150 to 450 0 C, more preferably at 200 - 300 0 C.
• polyester moldings prepared according to the invention are preferably used in polyester moldings.
• Preferred polyester moldings are threads, fibers, films and moldings which contain as the dicarboxylic acid component mainly terephthalic acid and as the diol component mainly ethylene glycol.
• the resulting phosphorus content in threads and fibers produced from flame-retardant polyester is preferably 0.1-18% by weight, preferably 0.5-15% by weight, and in the case of films 0.2-15% by weight, preferably 0.9 - 12 wt .-%.
• Suitable polystyrenes are polystyrene, poly (p-methylstyrene) and / or poly (alphamethylstyrene).
• the suitable polystyrenes are copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, such as. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate; Blends of high impact strength of styrene copolymers and another polymer, such as.
• styrene such as. Styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene or styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene.
• the suitable polystyrenes are also graft copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene, such as. Styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates on polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers,
• the polymers are preferably polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 2,12, polyamide 4, polyamide 4,6, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6 , Polyamide 6,9, polyamide 6,10, polyamide 6,12, polyamide 6,66, polyamide 7,7, polyamide 8,8, polyamide 9,9, polyamide 10,9, polyamide 10,10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, etc.
• Such polyamides are z. B under the tradename Nylon ®, DuPont, Ultramid ®, BASF, Akulon ® K122, from DSM, Zytel ® 7301, from DuPont....; Durethan ® B 29, Messrs. Bayer and Grillamid® ®, Fa. Ems Chemie.
• aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; Polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic and / or terephthalic acid and optionally an elastomer as a modifier, for.
• the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salts prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 are preferably used in molding compositions which are further used for the production of polymer moldings.
• the flame-retardant molding composition particularly preferably contains 5 to 30% by weight of monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, 5 to 90% by weight of polymer or mixtures thereof, 5 to 40 wt .-% of additives and 5 to 40 wt .-% filler, wherein the sum of the components is always 100 wt .-%.
• the invention also relates to flame retardants containing the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 12.
• the invention relates to polymer molding compositions and polymer moldings, films, filaments and fibers containing the monomino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic salts (IM) according to the invention of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe ,
• the flame retardant components are mixed with the polymer granules and any additives and on a twin-screw extruder (type Leistritz LSM ® 30/34) at temperatures of 230 to 260 0 C (PBT-GV) or from 260 to 280 0 C (PA 66 -GV) incorporated.
• PBT-GV twin-screw extruder
• PA 66 -GV twin-screw extruder
• the molding compositions were processed in an injection molding machine (Aarburg Allrounder) at melt temperatures of 240-270 0 C (PBT-GV) and 260-290 0 C (PA 66-GV) into test specimens.
• the specimens are tested and classified for flame retardance (flame retardance) using the UL 94 (Underwriter Laboratories) test.
• V-O no afterburning longer than 10 sec, sum of afterburning times at
• V-1 no afterburning for more than 30 seconds after end of flame, total afterburning time for 10 flame treatments not greater than 250 seconds, no afterglowing of samples longer than 60 seconds after end of flame, other criteria as for V-O
• the LOI value was also measured.
• LOI value (Limiting Oxygen Index) is determined according to ISO 4589. According to ISO 4589, the LOI corresponds to the lowest concentration of oxygen in volume, which in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is just the combustion of the
• Example 1 At room temperature, in a three-necked flask with stirrer and
• Example 1 As in Example 1, 198 g of phosphinic acid, 198 g of water, 84 g of ethylene, 6.1 mg of palladium (II) sulfate, 25.8 mg of 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -2,7- reacted sulfonatoxanthen disodium salt, then added to the purification over a charged with Deloxan ® THP II column and then added n-butanol. At a reaction temperature of 80 - 110 0 C, the water formed by
• a recycle reactor containing 1 L is charged with a mixture of 914 g (4.5 mol) ethyl (2-cyanoethyl) -phosphonic acid butyl ester (prepared as in Example 7) and 62 g butanol. After starting the pump, a mixture of 726 g (6.00 mol) of ethyl ethyl phosphonate and 318 g
• Example 10 441 g (3 mol) of ethyl (2-cyanoethyl) phosphinic acid (prepared as in Example 5) of toluene are dissolved at 85 0 C in 400 ml and with 888 g (12 mol) of butanol. At a reaction temperature of about 100 0 C, the water formed by Azeotropic distillation removed. The product ethyl (2-cyanoethyl) -phosphinic acid butyl ester is purified by distillation at reduced pressure.
• Ethyl 2-cyanoethyl-phosphinic acid (prepared as in Example 5)
• Example 11 441 g of (3.0 mol) are dissolved at 80 0 C in 400 ml of toluene and 315 g (3.5 mol) 1, 4-butanediol was added and esterified in a distillation apparatus with a water at about 100 0 C for 4 h. After completion of the esterification, the toluene is removed in vacuo. There are obtained 604 g (92% of theory) of ethyl (2-cyanoethyl) phosphinic acid 4-hydroxybutyl ester as a colorless oil.
• the residue obtained is taken up in 150 g of water with about 30 g (0.37 mol) of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and neutralized by addition of about 18.1 g (0.19 mol) of concentrated sulfuric acid, then the water in Vacuum distilled off. The residue is taken up in ethanol and filtered.
• Example 16 414 g (2 mol) of ethyl (3-aminopropyl) -phosphinic acid butyl ester (prepared as in Example 14) are initially charged in a 1 l five-necked flask with thermometer, reflux condenser, intensive stirrer and dropping funnel. At 160 0 C 500 ml of water is metered in over 4 hours and distilled off to a butanol-water mixture. The solid residue is recrystallized from acetone. There are obtained 296 g (98% of theory) of ethyl (3-aminopropyl) -phosphinic acid as a colorless solid.
• Example 17 414 g (2 mol) of ethyl (3-aminopropyl) -phosphinic acid butyl ester (prepared as in Example 14) are initially charged in a 1 l five-necked flask with thermometer, reflux condenser, intensive stirrer and dropping funnel. At 160 0 C 500
• a mixture of 50% by weight of polybutylene terephthalate, 20% by weight of ethyl-3-aminopropyl-phosphinic aluminum (III) salt (prepared as in Example 18) and 30% by weight of glass fibers are applied to a twin-screw extruder (Leistritz LSM 30/34) at temperatures of 230 to 260 0 C to form a polymer molding compound.
• the homogenized polymer strand is stripped off, cooled in a water bath and then granulated. After drying, the molding materials are processed on an injection molding machine (type Aarburg Allrounder) at 240 to 270 0 C to form polymer moldings and a UL-94 classification of VO determined.
• a mixture of 53% by weight of polyamide 6.6, 30% by weight of glass fibers, 17% by weight of ethyl (2-methyl-3-aminopropyl) -phosphinic titanium salt (prepared as in Example 19) are used on a twin-screw extruder (Type Leistritz LSM 30/34) compounded into polymer molding compounds.
• the homogenized polymer strand is stripped off, cooled in a water bath and then granulated. After drying, the molding compositions on an injection molding machine (type Aarburg Allrounder) at 260 to 290 ° C to polymer moldings and obtained a UL-94 classification of VO.
• Example 25 A 75% suspension of 15.1 g of ethyl (3-aminopropyl) phosphinic acid
• Example 16 prepared as in Example 16 and 372.4 g of adipic acid hexamethylenediamine salt in water are placed under nitrogen in a steel autoclave and slowly brought to a temperature and pressure of 220 0 C and 20 bar. In the following, the temperature is gradually increased to about 240 0 C and about 270 0 C while maintaining the pressure, formed water continuously removed from the autoclave and the pressure slowly reduced to atmospheric pressure.
• the polymer (335 g) contains 0.9% phosphorus, the LOI is 32, that of untreated polyamide 6.6 24.

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