WO2010034991A1 - Appareil de refroidissement - Google Patents

Appareil de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010034991A1
WO2010034991A1 PCT/GB2009/002272 GB2009002272W WO2010034991A1 WO 2010034991 A1 WO2010034991 A1 WO 2010034991A1 GB 2009002272 W GB2009002272 W GB 2009002272W WO 2010034991 A1 WO2010034991 A1 WO 2010034991A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
refrigeration system
phase
cooling apparatus
store
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2009/002272
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Eaton Edwards
Michael Graham Reid
Original Assignee
Solar Polar Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solar Polar Limited filed Critical Solar Polar Limited
Publication of WO2010034991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010034991A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/10—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with inert gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a cooler, particularly an air cooler, and is applicable to the cooling of air in rooms e.g. as part of an air conditioning system; or the cooling of air in a confined space such as a refrigerator.
  • the invention provides cooling apparatus comprising a solar collector for converting radiant energy from the sun into heat, an absorption refrigeration system, and a phase-change heat store, the refrigeration system being connected to be driven by heat supplied from the heat collector via the heat store.
  • the invention makes it possible to eliminate the need for moving parts, allowing the system to function for many years without maintenance. Furthermore, heat stored in the phase change heat store is able to drive the refrigeration system long into the evening after sunset.
  • the invention can be used for cooling air in an air conditioning system, where there is normally a need for continued operation into the evening but not throughout the night.
  • the invention is also applicable to refrigeration systems for storage of food or medicines. In such a system, since the space to be cooled is relatively small, the stored latent heat of the phase change material may be sufficient to last throughout the night or at least for sufficient time to ensure that the temperature of air within the relevant space does not rise unacceptably.
  • the invention is not limited to environments where it is used for cooling air. It could be used for cooling liquids such as drinks; and fluids that require cooling in industrial processes.
  • phase-change material it would be possible for the phase-change material to be in direct contact with, or included within, the solar collector but this is not preferred because it would be difficult, without recourse to powered fans or the like, to ensure that heat is efficiently transferred into and out of the phase-change medium.
  • a heat pipe be included having its hot end (i.e. the end from which heat is delivered) within the solar collector.
  • the relatively cold end of the heat pipe (i.e. the end to which heat is delivered) and an appropriate part of the refrigeration system can then be arranged so that they are both in close thermal contact with (but preferably not immersed in) the phase-change medium.
  • the latter is preferably contained within a vessel that also contains the generator and the cold end of the heat pipe.
  • the invention can also be expressed in terms of a method and thus, according to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of cooling comprising converting radiant energy from the sun into heat using a solar collector, applying the said heat during the day to a phase-change heat store so as to cause a phase change from solid to liquid or other solid phase change transformation of a phase-change medium, and applying heat from the heat store to an absorption refrigeration system so that, during periods of darkness, latent heat from the heat store is used to continue to drive the refrigeration system during a change from liquid to solid of the phase change medium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the components of an air conditioning system constructed in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a vertical cross-section through a house having a pitched roof and fitted with the system of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view of a solar collector and a module into which most of the other components shown in Figure 1 are contained;
  • Figure 4 shows a variation of the module design for use on a flat roof or on a rectilinear cabinet for use as a refrigerator
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a group of similar modules connected in parallel.
  • a refrigeration module 1 comprising a solar collector 2 exposed to sunlight on the outside of a roof 3 of a building and a housing 4 mounted inside a roof space defined between the roof 3 and a ceiling 5.
  • the solar collector 2 is formed in this particular example by three evacuated tubes 6 (only one shown for simplicity of description) each having a seal 7. Arrangements having a different number of tubes 6, e.g. two or four would also be suitable.
  • the module 1 also includes heat pipes 8, one for each collector 2, containing, in this particular example, water as its operating fluid.
  • the pressure inside the heat pipe varies so that it is always at the saturation pressure for any given temperature. In this example, the heat pipe reaches around 22O 0 C, at which point the pressure inside the heat pipe is well above ambient pressure.
  • the hot end of each heat pipe is located within the heat collector tube and it passes through the seal 7 and through the roof 3 to its cold end within the housing 4.
  • a heat store is formed by an insulated vessel 9 containing a phase-change material 10.
  • the phase change material is about 1 kg of a eutectic mixture of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, having a melting point of 195 0 C.
  • the heat pipe 8 passes through the wall of the heat store vessel 9 so that its colder end is in close thermal contact with the phase-change material 10.
  • a generator 11 containing strong ammonia solution in water is in close thermal contact with (but preferably not immersed in) the phase-change material 10 and is connected via a bubble pump 12 and collector 13 to a condenser 14, a trap 15, an evaporator 16, a heat exchanger 17, a heat exchanger 18 and a reservoir 19.
  • Ammonia is the refrigerant and has a boiling point of around 19O 0 C.
  • the phase change material should have a melting point above, but within 2O 0 C of, the boiling point of the refrigerant.
  • the housing 4 is formed from pressed metal sheet and defines an air duct 20.
  • the evaporator 16 is located in a heat exchange chamber 24 where hot air drawn through port 24A is cooled and flows by convection down through port 24B into a living area of the building.
  • the heat exchange chamber is defined between side walls of the housing 4 and partition walls as shown on Figure 1. These partition walls extend downwardly towards an exit 24B for cool dry air and an exit port 24C for condensed water. The latter can be drained away via a flexible pipe (not shown).
  • the housing 4 is formed with holes 22 and 23 and with circular lines of weakness defining disc shapes 21 , 24A and 24B that can be pushed out to define holes as required.
  • the shapes 21 are formed on opposite parallel vertical faces of the housing 4 in the region of the heat exchange chamber 24.
  • the shapes 24A and 24B are pushed out to allow entry of air to be cooled into the chamber 24, and exit of cooled air from it.
  • the shapes 21 are removed on the contiguous faces of all adjoining modules so that the heat exchange chambers 24 of all modules are connected, whilst sharing a common entry and exit 24A and 24B provided by just one of them.
  • the pipe 8 contains water, which acts as a refrigerant.
  • the resulting water vapour rises to the upper, relatively cold, end of the heat pipe, where it condenses, giving up its heat to the phase change material 10.
  • phase change material increases until it reaches its phase change temperature of 200 0 C at which point it remains at that temperature whilst continuing to absorb heat from the heat pipe as it changes phase.
  • phase change material has become entirely liquid, its temperature continues to rise again until it reaches 23O 0 C, the start-up temperature of the refrigeration system.
  • the refrigeration system then starts to operate and the temperature of the phase change material drops, say to 210 0 C, as the heat is drawn from it to drive the refrigeration system.
  • the refrigeration cycle itself is entirely conventional in operating principles as follows.
  • the generator 11 contains a strong solution of ammonia in water. Heat from the phase change material boils the solution, releasing bubbles of ammonia gas and resulting in weakening of the solution. The bubbles raise the weakened solution to the separator 13 by the action of the bubble pump 12.
  • the ammonia gas is separated from the weak ammonia solution and travels to the condenser 14 where heat is released to the air in duct 20 causing the ammonia gas to condense as liquid ammonia.
  • the latter passes through trap 15 into the evaporator where it is exposed to hydrogen gas.
  • the hydrogen environment lowers the vapour pressure of the liquid ammonia sufficiently to cause the ammonia to evaporate, extracting heat from air in the duct 24. This produces cool, dehumidified air for air conditioning purposes and pure water which exits from port 24C and can be collected for use.
  • the ammonia gas and hydrogen mixture passes to the heat exchanger 17 and gains heat from the rising returning hydrogen and then into a heat exchanger 18 where it loses its heat to air within the duct 20 and the ammonia dissolves in the weakened solution from the separator 13, producing a more concentrated solution which flows into the reservoir 19 and thence to the generator 11 whereupon the cycle is complete.
  • phase change material When the power of the sun becomes insufficient to retain the phase change material above 200 0 C, the latter starts to solidify and the latent heat of fusion maintains the generator 11 at a sufficient temperature to sustain the refrigeration cycle. In this way the refrigeration mechanism can remain operational throughout the night or at least a sufficient part of it to ensure that cooling is maintained until the ambient temperature drops to an acceptable level. It also ensures that the mechanism remains operational during periods of cloud cover.
  • a larger volume of phase change material may also be provided in the space below the evaporator 16. This phase change material will solidify when the system is providing cooling during the day but will melt at night, to provide further cooling at night. This can provide cooling for long periods. Indeed a small medicine refrigerator can store five days worth of cooling in this way.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the various parts that have been described are installed in a building having a pitched roof 3. From this drawing it can be seen that the solar collector 2 lies against the roof surface, on the outside of the building whilst the housings 4 and their contents are in the roof space isolated from the main living area of the building (i.e. the area to be cooled).
  • a chimney 27 connects to the port 23 (or each of the ports where there are multiple modules) to provide improved draft of cooling air.
  • Figure 3 shows how the housing 4 is formed with parallel flat faces 4A, a sloping edge 4B arranged to accommodate installation close to a pitched roof; a short horizontal top edge 4C formed with vent hole 23 and adapted to be connected to the chimney duct 27 and a relatively long, bottom horizontal edge 2D formed with vent hole 22.
  • the faces 4A have gaskets 72 which provide a seal between adjoining units when they are connected together in the manner described below to give the required power depending on the installation.
  • Figure 4 shows a variation where the tubes 2 are angled so as to be perpendicular to the bottom faces 2D of the modules to permit mounting on a wall.
  • Figure 5 shows a modular construction comprising a stack of housings connected physically together, face to face by clips 28.
  • a system as shown in Figure 4 or 5 can readily be adapted for use as a refrigerator instead of an air conditioning system.
  • one or more modules would be mounted on an outer surface (e.g. the top surface) of an insulated cabinet with pipes analogous to those shown at 25A and 26A on Figure 2 extending through that surface into the cabinet interior so as to circulate and cool air in the cabinet.
  • the cabinet would normally be located inside a building with the tubes 6 projecting through the outside wall and fixed on and parallel to the outside of the wall to collect solar heat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de refroidissement comprenant un collecteur solaire (2) pour convertir l'énergie rayonnante du soleil en chaleur, un système de réfrigération par absorption (1), et un accumulateur de chaleur à changement de phase (10), le système de réfrigération étant relié pour être fonctionner à l'aide de la chaleur fournie par le collecteur de chaleur via l'accumulateur de chaleur.
PCT/GB2009/002272 2008-09-23 2009-09-23 Appareil de refroidissement WO2010034991A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0817409.6 2008-09-23
GB0817409A GB2463704A (en) 2008-09-23 2008-09-23 Solar-powered absorption refrigeration system with phase-change heat store

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010034991A1 true WO2010034991A1 (fr) 2010-04-01

Family

ID=39952060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2009/002272 WO2010034991A1 (fr) 2008-09-23 2009-09-23 Appareil de refroidissement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2463704A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010034991A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102997357A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-27 河南科技大学东海硅产业节能技术研究院 基于太阳能热回收的吸收式制冷与溶液除湿空调系统
CN102997356A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-27 河南科技大学东海硅产业节能技术研究院 基于太阳能热回收的吸收式制冷与固体转轮除湿空调系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2463705A (en) 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 Solar Polar Ltd Solar-powered modular absorption refrigeration system
CN103697544B (zh) * 2013-12-26 2017-02-22 南京工业大学 一种溶液除湿再生循环方法及其专用装置
CN115200126B (zh) * 2022-09-15 2022-12-09 河北工业大学 一种基于室温需求的室内温度预测调节系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2083901A (en) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-31 Guelph Mfg Solar powered refrigeration apparatus
DE19740066A1 (de) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-18 Walter Dipl Ing Schlenker Kälteerzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen, Booten, Wohnmobilen u. ä. durch Absorptionskältemaschinen
WO2001090663A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Thermal Energy Accumulator Products Pty Ltd Systeme de chauffage et refroidissement super efficace multi-usage
DE10028543A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-13 Schneider Und Partner Ingenieu Kälteaggregat
DE10248557A1 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-06 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Diffusionsabsorptionsanlage

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US2943868A (en) * 1956-09-17 1960-07-05 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Swivel cluster coupling
US4429545A (en) * 1981-08-03 1984-02-07 Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Inc. Solar heating system
US4744224A (en) * 1987-07-27 1988-05-17 Erickson Donald C Intermittent solar ammonia absorption cycle refrigerator
CN1341832A (zh) * 2001-10-15 2002-03-27 孙伯鲁 一种可贮存能量的太阳能空调房
DE102005013012A1 (de) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 ZAE Bayern Bayerisches Zentrum für angewandte Energieforschung e.V. Latentwärmespeicher für effiziente Kühl- und Heizsysteme
WO2006128236A1 (fr) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-07 Roger A Farquhar Module solaire terrestre

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2083901A (en) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-31 Guelph Mfg Solar powered refrigeration apparatus
DE19740066A1 (de) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-18 Walter Dipl Ing Schlenker Kälteerzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen, Booten, Wohnmobilen u. ä. durch Absorptionskältemaschinen
WO2001090663A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Thermal Energy Accumulator Products Pty Ltd Systeme de chauffage et refroidissement super efficace multi-usage
DE10028543A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-13 Schneider Und Partner Ingenieu Kälteaggregat
DE10248557A1 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-06 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Diffusionsabsorptionsanlage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102997357A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-27 河南科技大学东海硅产业节能技术研究院 基于太阳能热回收的吸收式制冷与溶液除湿空调系统
CN102997356A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-27 河南科技大学东海硅产业节能技术研究院 基于太阳能热回收的吸收式制冷与固体转轮除湿空调系统
CN102997357B (zh) * 2012-11-28 2014-12-24 河南科技大学东海硅产业节能技术研究院 基于太阳能热回收的吸收式制冷与溶液除湿空调系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0817409D0 (en) 2008-10-29
GB2463704A (en) 2010-03-24

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