WO2010029638A1 - 光子検出器 - Google Patents
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- WO2010029638A1 WO2010029638A1 PCT/JP2008/066563 JP2008066563W WO2010029638A1 WO 2010029638 A1 WO2010029638 A1 WO 2010029638A1 JP 2008066563 W JP2008066563 W JP 2008066563W WO 2010029638 A1 WO2010029638 A1 WO 2010029638A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000098 azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101150098161 APD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/04—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/08—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only controlled by light
- H03F3/087—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only controlled by light with IC amplifier blocks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photon detector required in the information processing field such as optical communication and quantum cryptography.
- a conventional photon detector using a communication wavelength band avalanche photodiode (hereinafter avalanche photodiode is referred to as APD) is a rectangular wave in accordance with the incident timing of a photon in a state where a slightly low DC bias is applied to the breakdown voltage. A photon is detected by applying a pulse and observing the response waveform (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the APD functions like a capacitor. Therefore, the response waveform from the APD is a rectangular differential waveform, and has a positive charge pulse and a negative discharge pulse. At the time of photon detection, since an avalanche current flows, a signal pulse is superimposed on the response waveform. Usually, photon detection is possible by determining a signal pulse larger than the charge pulse by threshold discrimination.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and does not require a special band elimination filter, and a photon that enables an APD to respond with a sinusoidal gate signal that can operate at an arbitrary driving frequency.
- An object is to provide a detector.
- the photon detector includes a sine wave generator that generates a sine wave-shaped gate signal, a beam splitter that branches the gate signal from the sine wave generator, and the beam splitter in synchronization with an input of a photon.
- a bias circuit for supplying a signal obtained by superimposing a predetermined DC voltage on one of the gate signals branched to the avalanche photodiode as a photon detection element, a capacitor and a resistor, and the other gate signal branched by the beam splitter.
- a differential circuit for amplifying a differential input between the response signal from the avalanche photodiode and the response signal from the dummy circuit at the time of photon detection
- a photon detection signal Those having a comparator for outputting.
- the photon detection signal component from the avalanche photodiode can be extracted with a high S / N ratio by canceling and removing the response waveform when no photon is detected. Since the photon detection signal having no signal frequency dependency is extracted, the driving frequency can be freely changed.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a photon detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the photon detector according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an APD 1 that is a photon detection element, a resistor 2 having a resistance value of, for example, 50 ⁇ connected to the APD 1, and a sine wave for supplying a gate signal to the APD 1.
- an APD 1 is an optical device whose response waveform changes depending on whether or not a photon in a communication wavelength band (for example, 1550 nm) is input.
- a communication wavelength band for example, 1550 nm
- the sine wave generator 3 is a gate signal source for this purpose, and as shown in FIG. 2, the phase of the sine wave can be adjusted so that the amplitude peak position of the sine wave matches the input timing of the photons to the APD 1. ing.
- the beam splitter 7 splits the sine wave signal generated from the sine wave generator 3 into two.
- One demultiplexed sine wave signal is superimposed on a DC voltage slightly lower than the breakdown voltage of the APD 1 generated from the DC bias 4 in the bias circuit 5 and applied to the APD 1.
- FIG. 3 shows the response waveform of the APD 1 when this gate signal is incident.
- APD1 when there is no photon detection and no avalanche occurs in APD1, APD1 returns a sine wave response waveform, but when a photon is input and an avalanche occurs, the sine wave is superimposed by a broken line. Generate a detection signal.
- the dummy circuit 6 is a differentiating circuit and simulates a response waveform from the APD 1 when there is no photon detection.
- the capacitor 6a functions at 20 nF and the resistor 6b functions at 50 ⁇ .
- the output signal from the dummy circuit 6 is a sine wave.
- the phase shifter 9 adjusts the phase so that the phase of the sine wave signal from the dummy circuit 6 via the attenuator 8 matches the phase of the sine wave of the response waveform from the APD 1.
- the output signal from the APD 1 and the output signal from the dummy circuit 6 whose amplitude and phase are adjusted are input to the differential amplifier 10.
- the output signal from the dummy circuit 6 whose amplitude and phase are adjusted is a phase inversion input.
- a waveform of a photon detection signal in which only the sine wave component is canceled can be obtained.
- the photon detection signal by the avalanche of the APD 1 can be extracted with a sufficiently large amplitude, the photon can be easily detected by passing a signal having an amplitude larger than the threshold voltage by the comparator 11.
- the dummy circuit 6 is used to simulate the response waveform when the photon is not detected from the APD 1 and cancels the response waveform from the APD 1 so that the waveform when the photon is not detected.
- the detection method according to the first embodiment is a method of extracting a photon detection signal that does not depend on the frequency of the gate signal, so that the drive frequency can be freely changed.
- the dummy circuit 6 can be easily configured without fine adjustment of electric capacity and resistance value. For this reason, the dummy circuit 6 can be configured with inexpensive and general-purpose components as compared with a band elimination filter having a high Q value for removing only the sine wave component.
- this detection method uses the dummy circuit 6 to extract the photon detection signal, it can be applied not only to the sine wave gate signal but also to the rectangular wave gate signal.
- Embodiment 2 shows an example in which a high-pass filter is inserted between the differential amplifier 10 and the comparator 11 when the components of the non-photon detection signal cannot be sufficiently removed.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a photon detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 2, the same components as those of the photon detector according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the photon detector according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 5 has a high-pass filter 12 inserted between the differential amplifier 10 and the comparator 11 in the configuration of FIG.
- the photon detection signal component is thin as shown in FIG. Since it is composed of a high frequency component as compared with a sinusoidal gate signal as shown by a low frequency curve, a photon detection signal having a high SN ratio can be extracted by inserting the high pass filter 12.
- the high-pass filter 12 for example, a 300-MHz high-pass filter may be inserted for a 200-MHz sine wave gate signal.
- the extraction of the photon detection signal can be further increased.
- the adjustment of the output signal from the dummy circuit 6 by the attenuator and the phase shifter 9 can be relaxed, for example, by adjusting the attenuation amount in increments of 1 dB to sparse adjustment in increments of 2 dB.
- Embodiment 3 FIG.
- the response waveform at the time of non-detection of photons is canceled out using the output signal from the dummy circuit 6, but in the case of a sine wave gate signal, the photon non-detection from the APD 1 is not performed. Since the response waveform at the time of detection is also a sine wave, the non-photon detection signal component can be canceled out without using the dummy circuit 6.
- the third embodiment shows an example in which the dummy circuit 6 is deleted from the configuration of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a photon detector according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the photon detector according to Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by removing the dummy circuit 6 from the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and includes a sine wave generator 3 that generates a sine wave-like gate signal, and a sine wave generator 3.
- the sine wave and the sine wave gate signal which are response waveforms when no photon is detected from the APD 1, are similar in frequency, if the amplitude and phase are adjusted using the attenuator 8 and the phase shifter 9, the difference is obtained.
- the canceling elimination can be performed by the dynamic amplifier 10.
- the third embodiment by removing the dummy circuit 6 from the configuration of the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress the flow of energy to the differentiation circuit that constitutes the frequency-dependent dummy circuit 6. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a change depending on the frequency of the amplitude that is effectively applied to the APD 1 of the sine wave gate signal. Therefore, it is possible to realize useless energy consumption in the dummy circuit 6 and stable operation without frequency dependence of the APD 1.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- the sine wave component which is a response waveform when no photon is detected, is canceled out using another sine wave component, but if a high-pass filter that does not pass the sine wave component is used, The sine wave component can be easily removed.
- the beam splitter 7, the dummy circuit 6, the attenuator 8, the phase shifter 9, and the differential amplifier 10 are omitted from the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a photon detector according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the photon detector according to Embodiment 4 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by eliminating the beam splitter 7, the dummy circuit 6, the attenuator 8, the phase shifter 9, and the differential amplifier 10 in the configuration of FIG.
- a sine wave generator 3 that generates a gate signal
- a bias circuit 5 that supplies a signal in which a predetermined DC voltage is superimposed on the gate signal from the sine wave generator 3 to the APD 1 in synchronization with the input of the photon, and the APD 1
- a comparator 11 that outputs a photon detection signal when the output from the high-pass filter 12 is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage.
- the photon detection signal can be extracted only by the high-pass filter 12.
- the photon detection signal can be extracted only by the high-pass filter 12, so that the beam splitter 7 and the dummy circuit in the configuration of FIG. 6, the attenuator 8, the phase shifter 9, and the differential amplifier 10 can be eliminated, and a photon detector can be constructed at a very low cost.
- the high-pass filter 12 is available as an inexpensive filter having sharp band characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る光子検出器の構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示す実施の形態1に係る光子検出器は、光子検出素子であるAPD1と、APD1に接続された例えば50Ωの抵抗値を有する抵抗2と、APD1にゲート信号を供給するための正弦波発生器3と、APD1にDC電圧を印加するためのDCバイアス4と、正弦波発生器3からのゲート信号とDCバイアス4からのDC電圧とを重畳するバイアス回路5と、コンデンサ6aと抵抗6bからなり、APD1を模擬するためのダミー回路6と、正弦波発生器3からのゲート信号をAPD1とダミー回路6の双方に供給するビームスプリッタ(図中BSと表記する)7と、ダミー回路6の出力信号の振幅を調整する減衰器(図中ATTと表記する)8と、減衰器8の出力信号の位相を調整する位相シフタ9と、APD1の応答信号と減衰器8及び位相シフタ9を介したダミー回路6の出力信号とを差動増幅する差動アンプ10と、差動アンプ10からの出力信号を閾値電圧Vthと比較し、差動アンプ10からの出力信号の振幅が閾値電圧Vth以上のときのみ光子検出信号を出力する比較器(図中COMPと表記する)11とからなる。
上述した実施の形態1では、ダミー回路6からの出力信号を減衰器8と位相シフタ9のみで調整し、差動アンプ10により光子非検出時の応答波形を相殺消去するものであるが、この実施の形態2では、十分に非光子検出信号の成分を除去できなかったときに、差動アンプ10と比較器11との間にハイパスフィルタを挿入した例を示す。
上述した実施の形態1及び2では、ダミー回路6からの出力信号を用いて、光子非検出時の応答波形を相殺消去するものであるが、正弦波ゲート信号の場合は、APD1からの光子非検出時応答波形も正弦波であるため、ダミー回路6を用いなくても非光子検出信号成分の相殺除去が可能である。この実施の形態3では、実施の形態1の構成からダミー回路6を削除した例を示す。
上述した実施の形態1ないし3では、光子非検出時の応答波形である正弦波成分を別の正弦波成分を用いて相殺消去するものであるが、正弦波成分を通さないハイパスフィルタを用いれば容易に正弦波成分を除去できる。この実施の形態3では、図5に示す実施の形態2の構成から、ビームスプリッタ7、ダミー回路6、減衰器8、位相シフタ9、差動アンプ10を削除した例を示す。
Claims (5)
- 正弦波状のゲート信号を生成する正弦波発生器と、
前記正弦波発生器からのゲート信号を分岐するビームスプリッタと、
光子の入力に同期して、前記ビームスプリッタにより分岐された一方のゲート信号に所定のDC電圧を重畳した信号を光子検出素子としてのアバランシェフォトダイオードに供給するバイアス回路と、
コンデンサと抵抗からなり、前記ビームスプリッタにより分岐された他方のゲート信号を入力して前記アバランシェフォトダイオードを模擬した応答信号を出力するダミー回路と、
光子検出時の前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの応答信号と前記ダミー回路からの応答信号との差動入力を増幅する差動アンプと、
前記差動アンプからの出力が所定の閾値電圧以上のとき光子検出信号を出力する比較器と
を備えた光子検出器。 - 請求項1に記載の光子検出器において、
前記ダミー回路からの応答信号を振幅調整する減衰器と、
前記ダミー回路からの応答信号を位相調整する位相シフタと
をさらに備え、
前記差動アンプは、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの応答信号と、前記減衰器及び前記位相シフタを介して振幅及び位相調整されたダミー回路からの応答信号との差動入力を増幅する
ことを特徴とする光子検出器。 - 請求項1に記載の光子検出器において、
前記差動アンプと前記比較器との間に、正弦波ゲート信号の主要な周波数成分を遮断するハイパスフィルタをさらに備えた
ことを特徴とする光子検出器。 - 正弦波状のゲート信号を生成する正弦波発生器と、
前記正弦波発生器からのゲート信号を分岐するビームスプリッタと、
光子の入力に同期して、前記ビームスプリッタにより分岐された一方のゲート信号に所定のDC電圧を重畳した信号を光子検出素子としてのアバランシェフォトダイオードに供給するバイアス回路と、
前記ビームスプリッタにより分岐された他方のゲート信号を振幅調整する減衰器と、
前記減衰器からの出力信号を位相調整する位相シフタと
光子検出時の前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの応答信号と前記位相シフタからの出力信号との差動入力を増幅する差動アンプと、
前記差動アンプからの出力が所定の閾値電圧以上のとき光子検出信号を出力する比較器と
を備えた光子検出器。 - 正弦波状のゲート信号を生成する正弦波発生器と、
光子の入力に同期して、前記正弦波発生器からのゲート信号に所定のDC電圧を重畳した信号を光子検出素子としてのアバランシェフォトダイオードに供給するバイアス回路と、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの応答信号から正弦波ゲート信号の主要な周波数成分を遮断するハイパスフィルタと、
前記ハイパスフィルタからの出力が所定の閾値電圧以上のとき光子検出信号を出力する比較器と
を備えた光子検出器。
Priority Applications (5)
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PCT/JP2008/066563 WO2010029638A1 (ja) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | 光子検出器 |
US13/063,686 US8405019B2 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Photon detector |
EP08810614.1A EP2333843A4 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | PHOTON DETECTOR |
JP2010528575A JPWO2010029638A1 (ja) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | 光子検出器 |
CN2008801316358A CN102197496B (zh) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | 光子检测器 |
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PCT/JP2008/066563 WO2010029638A1 (ja) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | 光子検出器 |
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EP (1) | EP2333843A4 (ja) |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2012132919A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光子検出回路および光子検出方法 |
WO2014010056A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 光子検出装置および方法 |
KR101395330B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-06 | 2014-05-16 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | 단일 광자 검출 장치, 광자수 분해 검출 장치 및 광자 검출 방법 |
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US8716647B2 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2014-05-06 | Nxp, B.V. | Analog silicon photomultiplier using phase detection |
KR102004987B1 (ko) | 2012-12-11 | 2019-07-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광자 계수 검출 장치 및 독출 회로 |
CN112393810B (zh) | 2019-08-16 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | 单光子探测装置和方法 |
CA3135156A1 (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-04 | Thorlabs, Inc. | Silicon photomultipliers reflective pulse compression |
GB2622244A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-13 | Toshiba Kk | Photon detection system and method |
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- 2008-09-12 WO PCT/JP2008/066563 patent/WO2010029638A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-09-12 US US13/063,686 patent/US8405019B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-12 CN CN2008801316358A patent/CN102197496B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-12 EP EP08810614.1A patent/EP2333843A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2012132919A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光子検出回路および光子検出方法 |
KR101395330B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-06 | 2014-05-16 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | 단일 광자 검출 장치, 광자수 분해 검출 장치 및 광자 검출 방법 |
WO2014010056A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 光子検出装置および方法 |
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CN102197496A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
US20120104239A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
EP2333843A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US8405019B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
JPWO2010029638A1 (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
CN102197496B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
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