WO2010025650A1 - 振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法及装置 - Google Patents
振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010025650A1 WO2010025650A1 PCT/CN2009/073445 CN2009073445W WO2010025650A1 WO 2010025650 A1 WO2010025650 A1 WO 2010025650A1 CN 2009073445 W CN2009073445 W CN 2009073445W WO 2010025650 A1 WO2010025650 A1 WO 2010025650A1
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- oil shale
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- dry distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for dry distillation of small particle oil shale in a full cycle state using gas as a heat carrier.
- the oil shale is in full contact with the reverse hot gas during the vibrational travel to achieve dry distillation.
- the device is suitable for processing small particle oil shale below 6mm.
- the daily treatment capacity can be determined according to requirements, generally 2,000 tons to 5,000 tons.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, most oil shale retorting devices at home and abroad are likely to cause blockage and coking due to small particle shale, so that the dry distillation furnace cannot operate normally, and thus the small particle oil shale is discarded.
- the Fushun type dry distillation furnace can only refine the oil shale above 12mm.
- the waste rate of resources has reached more than 20%, and it has caused environmental pollution.
- Petrosix can only handle shale above 6.4mm.
- the device is a solid heat carrier rotary retorting furnace with large equipment and complicated structure.
- the rotary furnace is 62.5m long, 8.2m in diameter and 2500t in weight.
- the designed oil yield is 92%, the actual is 75-80%, only about 80% of the design level, the processing capacity is 6000t/d, the actual operation is only 4400t/d, which is 74% of the design, and often shut down for maintenance.
- the operating rate is about 50%, and the longest run is only 96 days in a row.
- One is the Caloter furnace in Estonia, which can handle 0-25mm oil shale with a treatment capacity of 3000t/d. It is also a retort dry distillation furnace with solid as a heat carrier. The problem is that the operation rate is not high, and the furnace is often shut down for maintenance. In the past two years, there have been two types of small particle retorting devices in China.
- the first is the DG technology of Dalian University of Technology. It also uses solid as a heat carrier, but it has not yet built an industrial experimental device.
- the second is the oil shale fluidized bed dry distillation and decarbonization process developed by Shanghai Bosheng Company. The powdered oil shale is contacted with high temperature gas heat carrier and fluidized dry distillation. At present, a set of testing equipment with a daily capacity of 50 tons has been built at the Harbin Gasification Plant. Disclosure of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide an oil shale retorting method and apparatus which are simple in structure, convenient in operation, low in investment, high in oil yield, and capable of fully utilizing resources.
- the oil shale resource utilization rate of the present invention is 100%, and the oil yield is 90% or more.
- Vibrating mixed-flow full-circulation small-particle oil shale retorting method using a vibrating bed to transport oil shale, gas heat carrier and multiple layers of mixed layers, characterized in that small particle oil shale enters from the top of the dry distillation furnace, in multiple layers Disperse into a flat and lofty stream under the action of a vibrating bed, a part of fine oil shale particles with a particle size smaller than the mesh hole vertically fall through the sieve hole, and form a dilute phase layer with the fine oil shale blown up from the next layer; A part of the oil shale with a larger particle size than the mesh hole forms a vibrating loose layer along the sieve plate in a vibrating state, moves to the end of the sieve plate and then spills onto the next sieve plate, and the material layer is in the dry distillation furnace from the top to the bottom.
- the thermal cycle gas around 700 °C enters the dry distillation furnace from the top three layers of the fourth, fifth and sixth layers, forming a vertical airflow under the barrier of the sieve plate and the material layer. And horizontal airflow, both downstream and There is a countercurrent flow to form a unique mixed-flow retorting.
- the oil shale material is mixed with gas by multiple times, mixed and re-separated, and is uniformly lysed.
- the oil-distilled oil shale is cooled by the cold gas entering the lower part of the retorting furnace to 250 °C.
- the top of the furnace is provided with a feeding system and a feeding port, and the vibrating bed has a sieve plate, which is characterized in that the vibrating bed is placed obliquely from top to bottom in the retorting furnace, on the wall of the retorting furnace
- the lowermost vibrating bed has a cold-circulation gas inlet.
- the bottom of the furnace is provided with a water-sealing tank and a scraper-type discharge system.
- the top of the furnace has a circulating gas outlet.
- the key to the technology of the present invention is that the oil shale is transported in a nine-layer vibrating bed placed obliquely in the dry distillation furnace, and is in full contact with the thermal cycle gas during the movement to achieve dry distillation.
- the following techniques are adopted: First, the movement of the oil shale in the furnace is promoted by vibration, which has both the factor of falling from the weight and the factor of vibration propulsion. A flowing zigzag dragon is formed in the dry distillation furnace. The total height of the dry distillation furnace is about 17 m, but the stroke of the oil shale is about 36 m.
- the second is the use of mixed-flow technology.
- the thermal gas and oil shale have both lateral contact and longitudinal contact, and the contact between the oil shale and the sieve plate is in a state of detachment.
- the oil shale layer is always in a fluffy state. Adequate contact of the heat carrier and oil shale is guaranteed.
- a multi-layer air intake method is adopted, and hot gas is introduced from the three layers to the dry distillation furnace to make the temperature of the dry distillation furnace reach 55 CTC or more, and the height of the dry distillation layer reaches about 4.5 to 5 meters, thereby ensuring the completeness of the dry distillation.
- the fourth is to adjust the vibration rate of the vibration motor to adjust the travel speed of the oil shale in different layers, control the residence time of the material in the furnace, and the operation is simple.
- the fifth is the use of hot gas full cycle, gas heating is carried out outside the furnace, no combustion occurs in the furnace, no air enters, the heat required for dry distillation is completely dependent on the heat cycle gas, which increases the heat value of the semi-coke and the heat of the gas. value.
- the cold cycle gas enters from the lower part, cools down the semi-coke after the dry distillation, and recovers heat.
- the lower part adopts a water-seal scraper to out of focus, which prevents gas from escaping and protects the environment. At present, there is no means for dry distillation of oil shale by this method at home and abroad. Compared with the foreign small particle dry distillation furnace, the invention has the following characteristics:
- the invention has simple structure and convenient operation.
- the ATP furnace only covers an area of 1000 m 2 or more, and the dry distillation furnace of the present invention has an area of less than 100 m 2 .
- the ATP furnace has a complicated structure and complicated operation due to a combustion reaction in the furnace and multiple heat exchanges in the middle.
- the invention only needs to adjust the motor frequency to adjust the oil shale travel speed, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation.
- the oil of the invention has high oil yield and high gas heat value.
- the invention adopts a gas full cycle process, because the oil shale and the hot gas have both vertical flow and horizontal flow, and there are both downstream and countercurrent, forming a unique mixed flow dry distillation. No air ingress, no combustion reaction, oil recovery rate of 90 ° 43 ⁇ 4, gas heat value above 4000kcal / kg.
- the invention has low investment and high efficiency.
- the ATP furnace was developed at a cost of $15 billion and took seven years.
- Now Fushun Mine The Bureau of Affairs introduced one, with an investment of about 1.5 billion yuan.
- the investment in the dry distillation furnace device of the present invention does not exceed 100 million yuan.
- the resource utilization rate of the invention is high. At present, domestically discarded oil shale below 12mm can be used as raw materials, and newly mined oil shale can also be crushed to below 6mm for dry distillation. Resource utilization is 100%
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibrating mixed-flow small particle oil shale retorting apparatus
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a small-particle oil shale retorting apparatus
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Vibrating mixed-flow full-circulating small-particle oil shale retorting method , characterized by using a retorting device designed for the process, as shown in Fig.
- the small particle oil shale is entered from the hopper 2 of the feeding system 1 at the top of the retorting furnace 4, and the vibration is provided in the sieve plate
- the bed 3 is dispersed into a zigzag flat lofty stream.
- a part of the fine oil shale with a smaller particle size than the mesh hole falls vertically through the sieve hole, forming a dilute phase layer with the fine oil shale blown up from the next layer; another part of the oil shale having a particle size larger than the mesh hole is formed under vibration.
- the vibrating loose layer moves along the sieve plate, moves to the end of the sieve plate and then falls on the next sieve plate, and continues to advance under the vibration of the vibration bed.
- the heat cycle gas around 70CTC is entered into the dry distillation furnace from the lower part of the fourth, fifth and sixth layers of the vibration bed of the thermal cycle gas inlet 5, 10, 1 1 in Fig. 2, under the barrier of the sieve plate and the oil shale.
- Vertical and horizontal airflows are formed.
- the vertical airflow is in full and high-strength contact with the oil shale during the process of crossing the screen and the oil shale layer; the horizontal airflow shifts between the screen surfaces of the vibrating bed and the oil shale and the screen surface
- the oil shale is fully and intensively contacted to cause mixed flow of oil shale and gas in the dry distillation furnace.
- the height of the dry distillation section is 4.
- the dry-distilled oil shale is cooled by the cold gas and water-sealed tanks entering the lower part of the retorting furnace and then discharged into the discharge system 8, which is discharged from the bottom of the dry distillation furnace.
- the dry gas is discharged from the upper part along with the circulating gas, and after being dedusted and oiled, it is sent to a heating furnace, heated to 70 CTC, and then sent to a dry distillation furnace. This reciprocating cycle forms a continuous process flow.
- Vibrating mixed-flow full-circulation small-particle oil shale retorting device with feeding system and feeding port on the top of the furnace, and sieve plate on the vibrating bed, Fig. 1, characterized in that there are nine layers of vibrating bed 3, which are placed from top to bottom
- In the dry distillation furnace 4 there are three hot cycle gas inlets 5, 10, 11 on the wall of the dry distillation furnace 4, which are respectively located under the fourth, fifth and sixth layers of the vibration bed 3, and the lowermost vibration bed 3 has a cold circulation gas inlet.
- the bottom of the furnace is provided with a water sealing tank 7 and a discharging system 8, and the top of the furnace has a dry distillation gas and a heat cycle gas outlet 12.
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Description
振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法及装置
技术领域 本发明是一种用瓦斯作为热载体在全循环状态下对小颗粒油页岩进行干馏的工艺及 装置。油页岩在振动行进的过程中和逆向而来的热瓦斯充分接触, 实现干馏。本装置适用 于处理 6mm以下的小颗粒油页岩, 日处理量可根据需要确定, 一般为 2000吨一 5000吨。 背景技术 目前国内外油页岩干馏装置大多数因小颗粒页岩容易造成堵炉、 结焦, 使干馏炉不 能正常运行, 因而对小颗粒油页岩弃之不用。 如抚顺式干馏炉只能干馏 12mm 以上的油 页岩。资源浪费率达到 20%以上, 而且造成环境污染。 巴西炉(Petrosix)只能处理 6.4mm 以上的页岩。在国外专门利用小颗粒油页岩炼油的典型的装置有两种,一种是澳大利亚的 ATP炉(Alberea-Taciuk Processor )。 该装置为固体热载体迴转式干馏炉, 设备庞大、 结构 复杂。 迴转炉长 62.5m, 直径 8.2m, 重量 2500t。 设计油收率为 92%, 实际为 75-80%, 仅达设计水平的 80%左右,处理能力为 6000t/d,实际运行仅达到 4400t/d,为设计的 74%, 而且经常停炉检修, 开工率为 50%左右, 最长一次也只连续运行了 96天。 一种是爱沙尼 亚的葛洛特 (Caloter) 炉, 可以处理 0-25mm的油页岩, 处理能力 3000t/d。 也是以固体 为热载体的廻转式干馏炉。存在问题也是运转率不高, 经常停炉检修。近两年国内研究的 小颗粒干馏装置有两种, 一是大连理工大学的 DG技术, 也是以固体为热载体, 但尚未建 成工业实验装置。二是上海博生公司研制的油页岩流化床干馏及脱碳工艺,粉状油页岩和 高温气体热载体接触,流化干馏。 目前在哈尔滨气化厂建成一套日处理 50吨的试验装置。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、 操作方便、 投资较少、 油收率较高, 可以充 分利用资源的油页岩干馏方法及装置。 本发明的油母页岩资源利用率为 100%, 油收率为 90%以上。
振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法, 利用振动床输送油页岩、 气体载热体与 料层多次混流,其特征在于小颗粒油页岩从干馏炉的顶部进入,在多层振动床的作用下分 散成扁平膨松状物流,一部分粒度小于筛孔的细小油页岩颗粒穿过筛孔垂直下落,与下一 层被吹起的细小油页岩形成稀相料层;另一部分粒度大于筛孔的油页岩在振动状态下形成 振动疏松料层沿筛板跳跃式移动,移至筛板端部再洒落到下一层筛板上,料层在干馏炉内 由上至下形成一条流动的之字形长龙; 700°C左右的热循环瓦斯从自上而下的第 4、 5、 6 层三个层位进入干馏炉, 在筛板和料层的阻隔下形成垂直气流和水平气流, 既有顺流、又
有逆流, 形成特有的混流式干馏, 油页岩料多次与瓦斯混合分离-再混合再分离, 被均勾 干馏; 干馏完的油页岩被干馏炉下部进入的冷瓦斯冷却至 250°C再落入水封池冷却至 80 °C, 从干馏炉底部的刮板式出料系统排出; 干馏气体随同循环瓦斯从炉上部排出, 经除尘 收油后, 被送到加热炉加热至 700°C后再送入干馏炉。
振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏装置, 炉顶部设给料系统和进料口, 振动床上 有筛板,其特征在于振动床由上至下斜置于干馏炉内,干馏炉壁上有三处热循环瓦斯进气 口, 分别位于多层振动床之下, 最下层振动床下有冷循环瓦斯进口, 炉底部设水封池和刮 板式出料系统, 炉顶部有循环瓦斯出口。 本发明的技术关键是斜置于干馏炉内的九层振动床输送油页岩, 在移动中和热循环 瓦斯充分接触, 实现干馏。 为实现这一干馏工艺, 采用了如下技术: 一是油页岩在炉中的 运动以振动方式推进, 既有自重落下的因素, 又有振动推进的因素。在干馏炉内形成一条 流动的之字形长龙, 干馏炉总高度为 17m左右, 但油页岩的行程却达到 36m左右。 二是 采用了混流技术, 热瓦斯和油页岩既有横向接触, 又有纵向接触, 油页岩和筛板的接触处 于若即若离的状态。 油页岩料层始终处于蓬松状态。 保证了热载体和油页岩的充分接触。 三是采用了多层进气方法, 从三个层位向干馏炉通入热瓦斯, 使干馏炉温度达到 55CTC以 上, 干馏层高度达到 4. 5〜5米左右, 保证了干馏的完全性。 四是用调整振动电机振率的 方法来调整不同层位的油页岩的行进速度, 控制物料在炉中的停留时间, 操作简便。五是 采用了热瓦斯全循环, 瓦斯的加热在炉外进行, 炉中无燃烧发生, 无空气进入, 干馏所需 热量完全依靠热循环瓦斯带入,提高了半焦的热值和瓦斯的热值。六是冷循环瓦斯从下部 进入, 对干馏完的半焦降温, 回收热量。七是下部采用水封刮板方式出焦, 防止了气体逸 出, 保护了环境。 目前国内外均没有用这种方法对油页岩进行干馏的装置。和国外小颗粒干馏炉相比, 本发明具有如下特点:
1、本发明结构简单、操作方便。 ATP炉仅炉本体占地面积就达到 1000 m2以上, 本发 明同等处理能力的干馏炉本身占地面积不足 100 m2。 ATP炉由于炉内有燃烧反应且中间发 生多次换热,结构复杂,操作繁琐。本发明仅需调整电动机频率即可调整油页岩行进速度, 结构简单, 操作方便。
2、 本发明油收率高, 瓦斯热值高。 本发明采用瓦斯全循环工艺, 由于油页岩与热瓦 斯之间既有垂直流动, 又有水平流动, 既有顺流, 又有逆流, 形成特有的混流式干馏。 无 空气进入, 无燃烧反应, 收油率达 90°4¾上, 瓦斯热值在 4000kcal / kg以上。
3、 本发明投资少、 效率高。 ATP炉研制费用 150亿美元, 用了七年时间。 现抚顺矿
务局引进了一台, 投资约 15亿元。 本发明干馏炉装置本身投资不超过 1亿元。
4、 本发明资源利用率高。 目前国内废弃的 12mm以下油页岩均可用作原料, 新开采 的油页岩也可破碎到 6mm以下进行干馏。 资源利用率为 100%
5、 本发明采用了水封出渣技术, 无气体外泄, 符合环保要求。 附图说明 附图 1是振动混流式小颗粒油页岩干馏装置原理图; 附图 2是小颗粒油页岩干馏装置立面图; 具体实施方式 振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法, 其特征在于采用为本工艺流程设计的干 馏装置, 如图 1、 2所示: 将小颗粒油页岩从干馏炉 4顶部的给料系统 1的料斗 2进入, 在设有筛板的振动床 3的作用下分散成之字形扁平膨松状物流。一部分粒度小于筛孔的细 小油页岩穿过筛孔垂直下落,与下一层被吹起的细小油页岩形成稀相料层;另一部分粒度 大于筛孔的油页岩在振动状态下形成振动疏松料层沿筛板跳跃式移动,移至筛板端部再洒 落在下一层筛板上, 在振动床振力的推动下继续前进。 70CTC左右的热循环瓦斯由图 2中 热循环瓦斯进口 5、 10、 1 1经由上至下第 4、 5、 6三层振动床的下部进入干馏炉, 在筛板 和油页岩的阻隔下形成垂直气流和水平气流。垂直气流在穿越筛板和油页岩料层的过程中 与油页岩充分地、高强度地接触; 水平气流在振动床筛面之间变速流动, 并与洒落的油页 岩及筛面上的油页岩充分、高强度接触, 使干馏炉中的油页岩和瓦斯气体产生混流, 干馏 段高度为 4. 5ΓΉ 5Γπ冷循环瓦斯进口 6从第九层振动床的下部进入, 将干馏完的半焦冷却 至 250°C,半焦落入水封池 7后冷却至 80°C经出料系统 8排出炉外。干馏气体从炉子的上 部引出炉外。 油页岩多次与瓦斯混合 -分离 -再混合-再分离, 被均勾干馏。 干馏完的油页 岩被干馏炉下部进入的冷瓦斯和水封池 7冷却再落入出料系统 8, 从干馏炉底部排出。干 馏气体随同循环瓦斯从上部排出, 经除尘收油后, 被送到加热炉, 加热至 70CTC后再送入 干馏炉。 如此往复循环, 形成连续的工艺流程。
振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏装置, 炉顶部设给料系统和进料口, 振动床上 有筛板, 图 1, 其特征在于共有九层振动床 3, 由上至下斜置于干馏炉 4内, 干馏炉 4壁 上有三处热循环瓦斯进气口 5、 10、 11, 分别位于第四、 五、 六层振动床 3之下, 最下层 振动床 3下有冷循环瓦斯进口 6, 炉底部设水封池 7和出料系统 8, 炉顶部有干馏气和热 循环瓦斯出口 12。
Claims
1、 振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法, 利用振动床输送油页岩、 气体载热体 与料层多次混流,其特征在于小颗粒油页岩从干馏炉的顶部进入,在多层振动床的作用下 分散成扁平膨松状物流,一部分粒度小于筛孔的细小油页岩颗粒穿过筛孔垂直下落,与下 一层被吹起的细小油页岩形成稀相料层;另一部分粒度大于筛孔的油页岩在振动状态下形 成振动疏松料层沿筛板跳跃式移动,移至筛板端部再洒落到下一层筛板上,料层在干馏炉 内由上至下形成一条流动的之字形长龙; 700°C左右的热循环瓦斯自上而下的第 4、 5、 6 层三个层位进入干馏炉, 在筛板和料层的阻隔下形成垂直气流和水平气流, 既有顺流、又 有逆流, 形成特有的混流式干馏, 油页岩料多次与瓦斯混合分离-再混合再分离, 被均勾 干馏; 干馏完的油页岩被干馏炉下部进入的冷瓦斯冷却至 250°C再落入水封池冷却至 80 °C, 从干馏炉底部的刮板式出料系统排出; 干馏气体随同循环瓦斯从炉上部排出, 经除尘 收油后, 被送到加热炉加热至 700°C后再送入干馏炉。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的干馏方法,其特征在于该方法所用原料油页岩的颗粒在 12 mm以下。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的干馏方法, 其特征在于该方法所用原料油页岩的颗粒在 6 mm以下。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的干馏方法, 其特征在于自上而下之第 4层、 5层、 6层为 干馏段, 高度为 4.5rn5n
5、根据权利要求 1所述的干馏方法, 其特征在于能够通过调整各个振动床的振动电 机频率的方法来调整不同层位油页岩的行进速度, 控制物料在炉中的停留时间。
6、 一种实施如权利要求 1所述方法的振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏装置, 炉 顶部设给料系统和进料口, 振动床上有筛板, 其特征在于共有九层振动床 (3)由上至下斜 置于干馏炉 (4)内, 干馏炉 (4)壁上有三处热循环瓦斯进气口 (5)、 热循环瓦斯进气口 (10)、 热循环瓦斯进气口 (11), 分别位于自上而下之第四、 五、 六层振动床 (3)之下, 第九层振动 床 (3)下有冷循环瓦斯进口 (6), 炉底部设水封池 (7)和出料系统 (8), 炉顶部有干馏气和热循 环瓦斯出口(12)。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的干馏装置, 其特征在于在干馏炉 (4)内, 九层振动床 (3)倾 斜向相反地接续成截面为之字形长龙。
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CN100543113C (zh) * | 2008-09-03 | 2009-09-23 | 吴启成 | 振动混流式全循环小颗粒油页岩干馏方法及装置 |
CN101649215B (zh) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-11-07 | 吴启成 | 油页岩外燃式干馏工艺热载体制取和加热装置 |
CN102220148B (zh) * | 2010-04-19 | 2014-03-26 | 山东省冶金设计院股份有限公司 | 油页岩的动篦式干馏炉中,油页岩升温阶段的加热方法 |
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CN109225856A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种小颗粒低阶煤或油页岩的分级装置 |
CN110193511B (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-07-27 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于VOCs/SVOCs污染土壤修复的流化床解吸塔 |
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