WO2010020108A1 - 一种组合式房屋的主体结构及其组装方法 - Google Patents

一种组合式房屋的主体结构及其组装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010020108A1
WO2010020108A1 PCT/CN2009/000923 CN2009000923W WO2010020108A1 WO 2010020108 A1 WO2010020108 A1 WO 2010020108A1 CN 2009000923 W CN2009000923 W CN 2009000923W WO 2010020108 A1 WO2010020108 A1 WO 2010020108A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
main
main structure
bottom plate
main body
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PCT/CN2009/000923
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张馨
蔡颖
王飚
Original Assignee
茂地(上海)建筑工程咨询有限公司
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Application filed by 茂地(上海)建筑工程咨询有限公司 filed Critical 茂地(上海)建筑工程咨询有限公司
Publication of WO2010020108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010020108A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/08Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a main structure of a house and a mounting method thereof, in particular to a structural feature and an assembly method of a main structure of a combined house. Background technique
  • Modular houses are now widely used in many fields. Due to their simple structure, light weight, easy assembly and low cost, they can easily solve various temporary or short-term housing needs.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication discloses a telescopic expandable container-like house structure including a main module mounted with a door, and an expansion module including a plurality of structural sections, which are firmly connected to the first wall portion The ceiling portion, the floor portion, and the two foldable second wall portions.
  • the expansion module shrinks into the main module; during the unfolding process, the floor portion of the firmly connected first wall portion is first translated horizontally from the main module, and then the ceiling portion of the first wall portion is re-routed from the main module The middle level is removed, and then the second wall portion is swung out to complete the overall structure of the house.
  • Cid Patent Publication discloses a detachable building comprising a rectangular central structure having a horizontal roof portion and a floor portion; two roof extensions pivotally attached by a biased hinge On one side of the roof portion, the roof and floor panels can be pivoted from the folded vertical position to the horizontal deployed position and then secured between the two unfolded horizontal panels by the support struts, which are then inserted into the outer and inner walls. Board to complete the modular house.
  • Chinese patent publication (CN181183A) discloses a finished building system and its assembly and disassembly
  • the unloading method comprises a main building frame structure divided into a plurality of units, the main building frame structure body is provided with a corresponding finished building interface; the finished building can be accommodated in the transport carrier; when the transport carrier is lifted to the corresponding unit
  • the finished building in the transport carrier is assembled into each unit of the main building frame structure, and the finished building is connected to the finished building interface of the main building frame structure.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a main structure of a modular house in which the overall structure is more integrated, more convenient to install, and more stable in structure, and a method of assembling the main structure.
  • the structure is transported as a whole after being manufactured by the factory. After being delivered to the destination, it can be used simply by assembling, which can greatly save the installation time of the house.
  • the technical solution of the invention is to complete the main structure of the combined house and its internal pipelines, fixed objects and walls, and after the whole transportation to the installation site, only a few simple practical installations can be completed.
  • the present invention provides a main structure of a modular house, which is characterized in that the main structure is a rectangular box body, which is a main load-bearing part of the entire modular house, and the main structure comprises a load-bearing outer wall surrounding the outer edge of the rectangle. Separating the space enclosed by the outer wall into an inner partition wall of a plurality of spaces, a bottom plate internally provided with a pipe structure; and pre-installing a part of the fixed object in each of the partition spaces, the pipe structure including the fixed object Mainly connected to the main water supply and drainage, heating and electrification pipelines.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the outer wall of the main structure, the partition wall and the frame of the bottom plate are composed of a C-type 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ which is a keel inside and a groove type which is an upper and lower fixing member, in the adjacent C
  • the type 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ is filled with mineral wool, and then the structural walls are closed on both sides of the wall to form a complete wall.
  • a pipe hole is pre-formed in the keel frame of the bottom plate, and the pipe runs through the pipe hole in the bottom plate and is fixed in the bottom plate through the hole structure.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the rectangular structure of the main structure is surrounded by Square steel floor beams are arranged on the sides, and the square steel ground beams are fixedly connected with the embedded parts of the installation place.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the embedded part is an angle steel with a fixed structure at the lower portion, and the exposed portion of the floor is matched with the outer contour of the rectangular main body structure.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the top of the rectangular main structure includes at least four apex holes for hoisting.
  • the main structure of a modular house of ⁇ 3 ⁇ wherein the outer wall, the partition wall and the edge of the bottom plate are connected to adjacent walls or bottom plates through holes, screws and bolts.
  • a complete door frame or sash structure is preliminarily provided in the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the size of the main structure is adapted to the inner size of the international standard container.
  • the main structure of the above-mentioned modular house wherein the main body has an outer dimension of 11.615 meters, a width of 2.318 meters, and a height of 3 meters.
  • the present invention also provides a method for assembling a composite house main structure, wherein: a rectangular main body structure constituting a main load-bearing portion of the entire modular house, specifically comprising the following steps: Step 1, which will include a water supply and drainage pipe and The pipeline structure of the electrified pipeline passes through the reserved pores in the bottom plate, and is fixed in the bottom plate of the main structure;
  • Step 2 Fix the inner partition wall frame and the outer wall frame on the bottom plate of the main structure, and separate a plurality of spaces;
  • Step 3 installing a fixed object in the space where the main structure is separated, and connecting with the pipeline structure in the bottom plate;
  • Step 4 laying wall material on the surface of the wall frame of each internal partition wall and outer wall, and sealing;
  • Step 5 Package the main structure and transport it to the site for installation.
  • the assembly method wherein, in the step 1 described, the method further includes:
  • Step 1.1 a pipe hole is opened in the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ keel structure of the bottom plate of the main structure; Step 1.2, the pipe of the electric pipe and the water supply and drainage pipe is passed through the pipe hole;
  • Step 1.3 Fix various pipes at the pipe hole of the keel structure
  • step 1.4 mineral wool is filled between the light steel keel structures of the bottom plate, and the structural surfaces are closed on both sides to form a complete bottom plate.
  • the method for assembling the main structure of the combined house wherein, in the step 2, the method further comprises: Step 2.1: fabricating an internal partition wall having a door frame and a window frame structure and a wall dragon frame of the eve wall; Step 2.2, The inner partition wall frame and the outer wall frame parallel to the inner partition wall are disposed on the bottom plate to partition a plurality of spaces;
  • Step 2.3 the outer wall frame perpendicular to the inner partition wall is disposed on the bottom plate to form a boundary of each partition space in the main structure;
  • Step 2.4 Fix the internal partition wall frame, the wall frame and the screw holes and screws at the edges of the bottom wall frame.
  • Step 3 Fixing and installing the fixed object in the separated space, the fixed object comprising a sink, a distribution box, a gas device , fixed cabinets, beach houses, toilets;
  • Step 3.2 Connect the fixed objects to the pipeline structure including the electrified pipeline, the pipe, the drain pipe, and the gas pipe.
  • the ⁇ group 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4" method wherein, in the step 4, the method further includes:
  • Step 4.1 Filling the mineral wool between adjacent keel structures in the side frame of the wall;
  • Step 4.2 installing structural panels, eve wall finishes, interior wall finishes, etc. on both sides of the wall frame to form a closed wall;
  • Step 43 Close the gap between the adjacent walls, or between the wall and the bottom surface, with a sealing material.
  • a protection box is disposed outside the main structure, and a lifting hole or a lifting member reserved on the main structure of the ffiil
  • the main structure and its external protection box are hoisted from the top to the bottom in the international standard container; then the top part is closed or provided with protective parts to complete the packaging of the main structure.
  • the assembly method wherein, in the step 5, the actual installation step 5.2 is included: after transporting to the destination, the main structure is hoisted to the concrete base of the installation place through the lifting holes reserved in the main structure, It is fixed to the base by the embedded part.
  • the ⁇ i assembly method wherein, in the step 5, the actual installation step 53 is included: the electrical pipeline, the water supply and drainage pipeline, the heating pipeline, and the like on the main structure and the local pipe preset in the concrete base The road structures are connected and fixed.
  • connection members are reserved on the respective sides of the main structure, and the main structure is connected and fixed to other external expansion structures of the modular house through the connection members.
  • the assembly method of the above-mentioned combined main body structure wherein the main structure is made of cold-formed thin light steel, structural plate, gypsum board, heat preservation board, indoor and exterior facing material through i3 ⁇ 4 hole, bolt and screw fixed connection. .
  • the invention has the advantages that since the bottom plate of the main body structure of the invention comprises a complete pipeline structure, after transportation to the destination, no additional installation of the pipeline is required, and only the pipeline structure required for installation is required to be installed. Well, even if the electric system, the water supply and drainage system, the communication system, the air supply system, the heating system, etc.
  • the construction process is convenient; since the size of the main structure of the house of the present invention corresponds to the size of the international standard container, the whole can be placed It is easy to transport into a container; because the main structure of the house of the present invention is fixed with a sink, a shower room, a toilet, a fixed cabinet, a gas appliance, a distribution box, and does not require extra excessive interior decoration, it can be quickly put into use. And through the reinforced design of the keel and the wall itself and the wall and the fixed structure of the invention, the completed house can be used for a semi-permanent service life of more than 50 years.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a main body structure of a modular house according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the spatial division of the main structure of the modular house according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the main structure of the modular house in the standard container
  • FIG. 4 is a combination of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the main body structure of the combined house including the outer wall 5 and the outer wall 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a side wall frame of a modular house of the present invention including only one side wall of the outer wall 2;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the outer wall 3 frame of the main structure of the modular house of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the inner partition wall 4 frame of the main structure of the modular house of the present invention
  • 9 is a schematic structural view of a bottom plate keel of a first embodiment of a main structure of a modular house according to the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the layout of another embodiment of the main structure of the modular house according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the floor keel of the layout of FIG.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the pipes in the bottom plate of the main structure of the modular house of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the combination of the square steel and the ground under the main structure of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a main structure of a cold-formed thin-walled 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ wall system modular house which can be completed at the factory, which is industrially manufactured by a factory, and is made of light steel, structural board (OSB board, CCA board), gypsum board, The wall, the floor, the floor and the roof panel are completed by bolting the insulating waterproof material and the exterior wall material. Then the factory completes the assembly of the main structure, including the decoration and fixtures. All the heating, power supply, water supply and drainage systems are integrated into the main structure. Other walls only need to pre-wire the pipes, sockets and wires. Connector.
  • the components of the combined house, including the main structure and other expanded structures can be placed directly in the container upon completion and transported to the destination assembly.
  • the main structure 10 of the modular house of the present invention has a rectangular structure as a core load-bearing part of the entire modular house, and the main structure 10 includes a bottom plate 1, an outer wall 2, and an outer wall 3.
  • the outer wall 2, the outer wall 3 and the outer wall 5 are disposed around the rectangular outer frame of the main structure 10 as the bearing wall in the main structure 10; the inner dividing wall 4 is disposed in the rectangular area of the main structure 10, The space enclosed by the wall is divided into a plurality of internal spaces.
  • a schematic diagram of the main structure 10 at the time of transportation is prepared, and the inside is divided into three regions.
  • the area 11 of the bathroom As the area 11 of the bathroom, the area 12 of the passage, and the area 13 as the kitchen.
  • sanitary ware such as a beach house, a sink, and a toilet are pre-installed; in the kitchen area B, a distribution box, a sink, a gas appliance, a cabinet, etc. are pre-installed.
  • the underground pipeline structure comprises a water supply pipeline, a metal pipeline for laying electric wires inside, a first drainage pipeline for the shower room and the wash basin, a second drainage pipeline for the toilet, and a gas pipeline. Road and a heating pipe.
  • the main structure 10 further includes a toilet located in the area 11, an office electrical equipment located in the area 12, and a water room located in the area 13. This configuration allows the modular house to meet the needs of the office.
  • the combined main structure 10 of the factory assembly stage is completed, which is suitable for being placed in an international standard container 40 of 12 meters in length, 2.4 meters in width and 3 meters in height.
  • the length is selected to be 11.615 meters
  • the width is 2.318 meters
  • the height is 3 meters, the length and width of which are slightly smaller than the size of the container 40 placed, facilitating the setting of the top position at the corresponding position. Or bottom beam or other protruding structure.
  • the size matching map of the main structure is installed in the corresponding rectangular box container 40.
  • the size of the main structure 10 is slightly smaller than the internal size of the container 40, so that the main structure is convenient.
  • the ground is placed in the container without wearing the surface of the main structure.
  • the main structure is hoisted from the top to the bottom by a lifting hole disposed at four corners, and is inserted into an upper open container 40. After the fixing is completed, the top plate of the container 40 is covered to complete the transportation of the main structure. All ready to work.
  • the outer structure in order to prevent the outer wall surface of the main structure from being worn, the outer structure may be wrapped with an outer layer to protect the outer wall, and the ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cabinet 50 may be provided with an openwork pad, a sponge, a corrugated board. , waterproof plastic film, OSB outer packaging board, etc.
  • the box body 50 can be fixedly wrapped outside the main structure before the hanging process, or when a soft material such as a sponge or a hollow pad is used as the package, the protective box 50 can also be directly disposed in the container 40. .
  • the main structure 10 is fixed in the container 40 by its own size and the protective case 50 wrapped in the outer layer during the complete loading into the container, so that no large relative displacement occurs inside the container. It can effectively protect the exterior wall from damage.
  • the protruding beam structure and the like on the main structure can also serve as a fixing member for fixing the position of the box.
  • all the outer wall 2, the outer wall 3 and the outer wall 5, the inner partition wall 4 and the bottom plate 1 of the present invention are framed by a cold-bending hot-dip type thin wall at the factory.
  • 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ consisting of C-shaped light steel as the keel structure in the vertical direction, the upper and lower areas are restricted by two groove shapes in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent two C-type light steels as keels are filled with ore.
  • Cotton which plays the role of heat preservation and sound insulation, is closed on the side walls by structural panels (OSB board, CCA board), and can be further laid with gypsum board, thermal insulation material and exterior wall material, etc.
  • the outer wall surface of the outer wall of the present invention is sequentially laid with a structural panel, a waterproof layer and an outer wall finish from the inside to the outside; the inner wall surface of the outer wall is laid with a structural panel and paper in order from the light steel keel layer.
  • Gypsum board interior wall of bathroom, structural panel, Waterproof layer, cement chipboard and tiles.
  • a door frame or a window frame structure is opened on the outer wall 2, the outer wall 3 and the outer wall 5, and the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ keel at the door frame or the window frame structure is correspondingly encrypted. .
  • the distance of the light steel keel is 610 mm, and in the upper part of the door frame or the upper part and the lower part of the window frame, in addition to the normal keel structure, one or two encryption keels are required;
  • the side of the door frame and the sash and the position near the edge of the frame, the spacing of the keel structure will also be significantly less than 610 mm, for example, 400 mm, 380 mm, 280 mm, 230 mm, 205 mm or 110 mm, etc. Achieve the role of strengthening the load-bearing capacity of the wall.
  • a door that can be rotated around a single-sided leaflet is installed in the door frame structure on the outer wall 2; a window frame structure is opened on the wall 4, and a light steel keel is used for encryption design at the window, in the window frame
  • the window is installed in the structure, and the window is preferably a shock-proof and anti-broken tempered glass; the door wall 5 also has a door frame structure, which is wider than the door frame structure of the eve wall 2, and can be applied to Open space structure such as kitchen and bar.
  • the inner partition wall 4 is generally not used as a load-bearing wall.
  • the interior is also provided with the same light steel keel as the outer wall structure.
  • the inner partition wall is also provided with a door structure and is carried out in the corresponding ⁇ inch keel.
  • outer wall 2, the outer wall 3, the outer wall 5 and the inner partition wall 4 of the main structure 10 of the composite house of the present invention are directly fixed to the bottom plate 1, wherein all the outer walls, the inner partition wall and the bottom plate On the channel steel or C-shaped steel at the frame of the frame, screw holes for connecting with other walls are reserved, and the illli bolts and the corresponding screw joints are fixed to each other.
  • a lifting hole for lifting is reserved, which is distributed on the wall surface near the top, and is symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides, and at least one side wall surface is at least It has two lifting holes, generally only need to use the lifting holes on both sides in the longitudinal direction, and the lifting holes on both sides in the width direction are used as spare or in special cases, which will be described by the above lifting holes during the actual installation process.
  • the main structure is hoisted to the designated location.
  • the schematic diagram of the bottom keel structure of the main structure of the combined house in addition to the light steel keel structure 101 provided in the bottom plate itself, is located at the position corresponding to the internal partition wall, and is additionally provided with encryption 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇
  • the square steel is completed simultaneously with the keel structure of the main structure, and the table is on the bottom plate 15mm thick OSB board and 10mm thick composite floor are laid in order from bottom to top, and 15mm thick OSB board is laid on the lower surface of the bottom board.
  • a corresponding pipe is left in advance? L18, the metal pipe 17 is arranged through the corresponding pipe hole 18, and the metal pipe can be used as a water supply and drainage pipe, a gas pipe, and a heating pipe.
  • Etc. generally adopting a plurality of pipelines arranged side by side to carry out 15 as an electrified line pipe, the outer layer of which is provided with a metal protection sleeve 16, which also penetrates into the corresponding pipe hole like the metal pipe 17, and the electric pipe
  • the road 15 is disposed higher than the metal pipe 17 at a vertical height.
  • a structure for securing the pipe may also be provided, such as a plastic casing, which increases the flange and keel structure.
  • the pipeline structure is connected to the fixed object on the floor surface through a three-way or multi-pass structure, for example, the water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe of the sink, the shower room and the toilet.
  • the first drain pipe is connected to the drain pipe of the shower room and the sink, the second drain pipe is connected to the drain pipe of the toilet, and the circuit pipe is connected with the socket, the lighting, the distribution box, and the like.
  • another preferred embodiment of the present invention is that, in the main structure, the inner partition wall is divided into four regions, from the left side in the figure to the right side in the figure.
  • the division structure has undergone some changes in the use of the internal area, without affecting the size of the main structure, and its total length is still slightly less than 12 meters.
  • a plurality of door frame structures are opened in the channel area, and an encryption design of the keel is arranged in the corresponding area.
  • the corresponding floor keel encryption design is as shown in Fig. 11, wherein 101 is a conventionally laid keel, 102 is an encrypted laying keel, and 103 is a square corresponding to the weight of the wall.
  • the corresponding load-bearing part of the bottom plate is designed to be encrypted or reinforced to ensure that it meets the load-bearing standards and requirements for supporting the entire house.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional structural view of the bottom of one side wall of the dirty structure, showing the square steel 31 of the bottom side of the main structure tlLt and the embedded part (32, 33) fixed in the concrete base 30 of the installation place in advance.
  • the fixed installation structure, the embedded part comprises an angle steel 33 and a fixing member 32 of the buried bottom, the angled piece 33 of the embedded part, one side of which is buried underground, is used for fixing the underground fixing member 32, and the other side It is perpendicular to the outside of the wall, and is connected to the square steel 31 by the il! Also shown in Fig.
  • the outer wall 39 and the bottom plate 34 of the main structure are connected to the square steel 31, and the respective outer wall channels 38 and the floor channels 37 are fixedly connected to each other by screws 35.
  • the embedded structure is arranged around the outer periphery of the rectangular bottom plate of the entire main structure, and a waterproof coil is laid on the concrete base 30 below the main structure, and the main structure is only required to be embedded in the actual installation process. Between the pieces, screw the connection to complete The on-site installation of the main structure is fixed.
  • the present invention also provides a method of assembling a composite house main structure, wherein: a rectangular main body structure constituting a main load-bearing portion of the entire modular house, specifically comprising the following steps: Referring to FIG. 12, the main structure bottom plate In the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ keel structure, a plurality of pipe holes 18 of uniform length are provided. Pipes for electrical and water supply and drainage pipes, etc., are passed through the bottom plate of the main body structure of the pipe hole, wherein the electric pipe is a metal pipe 16, and an electric pipe 15 such as a wire or an optical fiber is internally bored;
  • the pipeline adopts a metal pipe; in addition, a gas pipe and a heating pipe are fixed through the pipe, and both are metal pipes.
  • the il factory is made of cold-formed thermoplastic thin-walled 3 ⁇ 4, mainly C-shaped steel and channel steel, to make a keel frame structure with a door frame or a sash structure, including Internal partition wall frame and exterior wall frame.
  • the frame of the inner partition wall 4 and the frame of the outer wall 3 parallel to the inner partition wall are disposed on the bottom plate to partition a plurality of spaces; the outer wall perpendicular to the inner partition wall 4 2.
  • the outer wall 5 is disposed at the bottom to constitute the outer frame structure of the main structure and the boundary of the inner partition space; the frame of the inner partition wall 4, the outer wall 2 and the outer wall 5 frame and the bottom plate ffiil frame edge
  • the screw holes on the channel steel or C-shaped steel are fixed by bolts.
  • connection structures connected with other expansion components such as connection screw holes, connecting flanges and connecting bolts, etc., which can be easily combined with other walls, floors, etc. Fixing and connecting parts.
  • the above fixed objects are installed by means of a stud, a bolt and a screw hole.
  • ⁇ true mineral wool In the wall frame including the outer wall frame, the inner partition wall frame, and the bottom plate, between each two adjacent keel structures, ⁇ true mineral wool. Structural panels, exterior wall finishes, interior wall finishes, etc. are installed on both sides of the wall to form a closed wall. Between adjacent walls, or between the wall and the bottom surface, the gaps in the installation process may be sealed by a sealing material such as a sealant or a sealing plate by leaving a gap in the mounting wall panel.
  • a sealing material such as a sealant or a sealing plate
  • a protective case is coated on the outside of the main structure, and the box material is made of hollow pad, sponge, corrugated board, waterproof plastic film, OSB board, and the like.
  • a lifting hole or a lifting member reserved at a position of at least four apex angles at the top of the main structure, as the case may be, may be within the corresponding
  • a lifting hole or a lifting member is added to a portion of the partition wall and the external wall, and the main structure and the outer protective box are loaded into the international standard container from top to bottom; and the protective member is closed or provided at the top, for example, waterproof.
  • Cloth or waterproof membrane, etc. to complete the packaging of the main structure; or you can also pre-lay sponges, hollow liners and other materials in the container, then load the main structure from top to bottom into the container, then close the top of the protection container to complete the packaging .
  • the hoisting hole reserved on the main structure of the ffiil, the main structure is hoisted from the top to the bottom into the international standard container; and the parts for protecting the container are closed or disposed at the top to complete the packaging of the main structure.
  • a concrete base is provided in advance for setting the entire house and the main structure, and an embedded part for fixing the main structure is left on the concrete base, and the embedded part is made of angle steel.
  • 33 is composed of a fixing member 32 which is embedded in the bottom, and the portion of the angle steel 33 exposed to the ground is matched with the outer contour of the rectangular main body structure.
  • the main assembly structure including the outer wall 39, the bottom plate 34 and the square steel 31 is hoisted into the rectangular contour enclosed by the embedded part, and the screw hole reserved through the embedded part, with the screw 35 and the main body
  • the square steel 31 at the bottom of the structure is fixedly connected.
  • the concrete foundation is pre-placed with local pipeline structures such as water supply and drainage pipelines, electrical pipelines, and heating pipelines.
  • local pipeline structures such as water supply and drainage pipelines, electrical pipelines, and heating pipelines.
  • a reinforcing steel structure corresponding to the shape of the rectangular outer frame may be provided below the main structure.
  • At least four apex angles on the top of the main structure 10 are reserved with hoisting holes or hoisting structures, and may be added at the boundary between the outer wall and the inner partition wall according to actual conditions.
  • Lifting holes or lifting structures After being transported to the destination, the main structure is hoisted to the concrete base of the installation site by the lifting hole or the hoisting structure, and is fixed to the base.
  • the electrical piping, the water supply and drainage piping, the heating piping, and the like on the main structure 10 are connected to a local piping structure preset in the concrete base, and the piping connections are fixed and sealed.
  • Connection members are reserved on the respective sides of the main body structure, and the main body structure is connected and fixed to other external expansion structures of the modular house by these connection members.
  • the main structure 10 of the modular house of the present invention can be constructed as a complete kitchen and bathroom structure on the same level, and then connected to the exterior as an additional expansion structure for living and living spaces.
  • the other expanded structure includes walls, stairs, roofs, and the like of other spaces outside, the roof being erected on top of the main structure and the external expansion structure.
  • the main structure of the invention After the main structure of the invention is processed by the factory, it is transported through the international standard container. After reaching the destination, only the final step of the on-site assembly step is required, and the main structure does not need to be Excessive extra internal layout and piping arrangement, and direct connection of the electrical system, water supply and drainage system, communication system, gas supply system, heating system, etc. by directly connecting to the pre-reserved interface of the installation site, Significantly shorten the construction period.

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Description

一种组合式房屋的主体结构及其组装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种房屋的主体结构及其安装方法, 尤其涉及一种组合式房屋 的主体结构的结构特点和组装方法。 背景技术
组合式房屋现在已经在许多领域广泛应用, 由于其结构简单, 材料轻便, 易于组装, 成本低廉等特点, 可以方便地解决各种临时或者短期的住房需求。
随着全球贸易和货运流通的发达, 各种适合居住、 办公等一般用途的组合 式房屋应运而生, 这种房屋的各个建筑构件经过整体配套设计, 随后将各个部 件拆卸, 分别装入多个运输容器内, 通过国际运输的方式, 运送到目的地, 然 后取出各个部分的配件, 按照一定的方法和顺序进行重新组装, 以实现快速、 简便地建造房屋的目的。
中国专利公开文本 (CN1918346A) 公开了一种套筒式伸縮的可扩展容器 状房屋结构, 包括安装有门的主要模块, 以及扩展模块, 扩展模块包括若干结 构段, 有牢固连接于第一壁部分的天花板部分、 地板部分, 以及两个可折叠的 第二壁部分。 运输过程中, 扩展模块收缩于主要模块中; 在展开过程中, 牢固 连接的第一壁部分的地板部分先从主要模块中沿水平方向平移出来, 随后第一 壁部分的天花板部分再从主要模块中水平移出, 随后第二壁部分摆动出来, 完 成了房屋的整体结构。
中国专利公开文本 (CN101109192A) 公开了一种可拆合的建筑物, 包括 具有一个水平屋顶部分和一个地板部分的矩形中心结构体; 两个屋顶延伸件, 通过偏位铰链枢转地接附在屋顶部分的一侧部上, 屋顶和地面板块能够从折叠 的竖直位置枢转到水平的展开位置, 然后在展开的两块水平板材之间, 以支撑 支柱加以固定, 随后插入外壁板和内壁板来完成组合式房屋。
中国专利公开文本(CN181183A)公开了一种成品建筑系统及其装配和拆 卸方法, 包括分割成多个单元的主体建筑框架结构体, 所属主体建筑框架结构 体设有对应的成品建筑接口; 可收容于运输载体内的成品建筑; 当所述运输载 体抬升至对应单元时, 运输载体内的成品建筑拼装到主体建筑框架结构体的各 个单元中, 所述成品建筑与主体建筑框架结构体的成品建筑接口相连。
然而上述的各种组合式房屋在均未能提供一种可以直接在安装地点组装后 使用的房屋, 其管路排布、 内部固定部件安装、 装修等均需要在后续的工程中 进行, 使安装至使用的工期变得很长。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种整体结构更为一体化、 安装更为便捷并且结构更 为稳固的组合式房屋的主体结构以及该主体结构的组装方法。 该结构通过工厂 制作完成后整体运输, 送达目的地后只需要简单拼装即可使用, 可以大大节省 房屋现场安装的时间。
本发明的技术方案是将组合式房屋的主体结构及其内部管路、 固定物件、 墙体一体地完成, 整体运输到安装地点后, 只需要进行一些简单的实际安装即 可完成。
本发明提供了一种组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特点是, 该主体结构为长方 形箱体, 作为整个组合式房屋的主要承重部分, 该主体结构包括围绕长方形外 边的起承重作用的外墙、 将外墙围成的空间分隔成多个空间的内部分隔墙、 内 部设置有管路结构的底板; 并且在各分隔空间内预先安装有一部分固定物件, 所述管路结构包括与所述固定物件相配套连接的主要给排水、 供暖以及电气化 管路。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的主体结构的外墙、 分隔墙和 底板的框架由内部作为龙骨的 C型¾ ^和作为上下固定件的槽型 构成, 在 相邻的 C型¾ ^之间填充有矿棉, 再在两侧墙面以结构面板封闭, 形成完整的 墙体。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的底板的龙骨框架内预设有管 道孔, 所述管路贯穿于底板中的管道孔中, 并通过这些孔结构固定于底板内。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的主体结构的长方形底板四周 边均设置有方钢地梁, 所述方钢地梁与安装场所的预埋件固定连接。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述预埋件为下部带有固定结构的 角钢, 其露出地面的部分为与长方形的主体结构的外部轮廓相匹配。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的长方形的主体结构的顶部的 包括 4个顶角都位置至少设有 4个用于吊装的吊装孔。
±3ί的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的外墙、分隔墙和底板的边缘, 都通 孔、 螺钉和螺栓与相邻的墙体或底板连接。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构,其中,所述的外墙和分隔墙的墙体框架中, 预先设置有完整的门框或窗框结构。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的主体结构的尺外形寸与国际 标准货柜的内 M 寸相适配。
上述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其中, 所述的主体结构的外形尺寸为长 11.615米, 宽 2.318米, 高 3米。
本发明还提供了一种组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中: 构成一个作 为整个组合式房屋的主要承重部分的长方形的主体结构, 具体包括如下步骤, 步骤 1、 将包括给排水管路和电气化管路的管路结构穿过底板中预留的孔 隙, 内 ¾Λ主体结构的底板之中, 并加以固定;
步骤 2、 在所述主体结构的底板上, 固定内部分隔墙框架和外墙框架, 并 分隔出多个空间;
步骤 3、 在所述主体结构被分隔的空间内安装固定物件, 并且与底板内的 管路结构配套连接;
步骤 4、 在所述各内部分隔墙、 外墙的墙体框架表面铺设墙面材料, 并进 行密封;
步骤 5、 将主体结构整体包装, 运输至现场安装。
组装方法, 其中, 在所述的步骤 1中, 还包括:
步骤 1.1, 在所述主体结构底板的¾ ^龙骨结构中开设有管道孔; 步骤 1.2, 将电气管路和给排水管路的管道穿过管道孔;
步骤 1.3, 在所述龙骨结构的管道孔处固定各种管道;
步骤 1.4,在底板的轻钢龙骨结构之间填充矿棉,并在两侧表面用结构面板 封闭, 形成完整的底板。 上述组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 在所述的步骤 2中, 还包括: 步骤 2.1, 制作具有门框和窗框结构的内部分隔墙与夕卜墙的墙龍架; 步骤 2.2,将内部分隔墙框架以及与内部分隔墙平行的外墙框架设置于底板 上, 分隔出多个空间;
步骤 2.3,将与内部分隔墙垂直的外墙框架设置于底板上,构成主体结构中 各分隔空间的边界;
步骤 2.4,将内部分隔墙框架、夕卜墙框架和底 ¾ϋϋ其边缘的螺孔和螺^ ¾ 接固定。
组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 在所述的步骤 3中, 还包括: 步骤 3.1,在被分隔的空间内固定安装固定物件,所述固定物件包括洗手台、 配电箱、 燃气设备、 固定橱柜、 灘房、 马桶;
步骤 3.2, 将固定物件分别与包括电气化管道、 管、排水管、燃气管道 的管路结构相互连接。
±^组¾¾ "法, 其中, 在所述步骤 4中, 还包括:
步骤 4.1, 在墙側架中相邻的龙骨结构之间, 填充矿棉;
步骤 4.2, 在墙体框架的两面安装结构面板、夕卜墙饰面、 内墙饰面等, 形成 封闭的墙体;
步骤 43, 将相邻的墙体之间、或墙体和底面之间, 用密封材料封闭安装过 程中的空隙。
上述组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括包装 步骤 5.1 : 在主体结构外部设置保护箱体, ffiil所述主体结构上预留的吊装孔或 吊装构件, 将所述主体结构及其外部的保护箱体由上向下吊装入国际标准货柜 内; 再在顶部封闭或设置保护部件, 完成主体结构的包装。
组装方法, 其中, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际安装步骤 5.2: 在运输至 目的地后, 通过所述主体结构上预留的吊装孔, 将主体结构吊装至安装场所的 混凝土基座上, 通过预埋件与基座相固定。
±i 组装方法, 其中, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际安装步骤 53: 所述主体 结构上的电气管路、 给排水管路、 供暖管路等与预设在混凝土基座内的当地管 路结构相连通, 并加以固定。
± ^组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际 安装步骤 5.4: 所述主体结构的各条边上预留有连接部件, 通过这些连接部件, 将主体结构与组合式房屋的其他外部扩展结构相连接和固定。
±3ί组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 所述主体结构的整体组装在 工厂内制造完成。
上述组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中, 所述主体结构由冷弯薄型轻 钢、 结构板、 石膏板、 保温板、 室内外饰面材料通 i¾累孔、 螺栓、 螺钉固定连 接而制成。
本发明的优点在于, 由于本发明的房屋主体结构的底板中包括完整的管路 结构, 在运输至目的地后, 不需要另外安装铺设管道, 且只需要与安装当地预 留的管路结构安装好, 即使可电系统、 给排水系统、 通讯系统、 供气系统、 取 暖系统等立即启用, 施工过程便捷; 由于本发明的房屋主体结构的尺寸对应于 国际标准货柜的尺寸, 因此, 可以整体放入一个货柜中, 便于运输; 由于本发 明的房屋主体结构内部固定有洗手台、 淋浴房、 马桶、 固定橱柜、 燃气设备、 配电箱, 不需要额外过多的室内装修, 可以快速地投入使用; 并且通过本发明 的龙骨和墙体自身以及墙体之间的连接和固定结构都经过强化设计, 可以使完 成后的房屋达到 50年以上的半永久性使用年限。
附图说明
图 1是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构的组装示意图;
图 2是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构预组装后的空间划分示意图; 图 3是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构放入标准货柜的示意图; 图 4是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构与保护箱体结合的示意图; 图 5是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构包括外墙 5和外墙 2的一侧墙体 框架示意图;
图 6是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构仅包括外墙 2的一侧墙体框架示 意图;
图 Ί是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构的外墙 3框架的示意图; 图 8是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构的内部分隔墙 4框架的示意图; 图 9是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构第一实施例的底板龙骨结构示意 图;
图 10是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构另一个实施例布局示意图; 图 11 ^寸应图 10的布局的底板龙骨结构示意图;
图 12是本发明一种组合式房屋的主体结构的底板内管路排布示意图; 图 13是本发明主体结构下的方钢与地面相结合的示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种可在工厂完成的冷弯型薄壁 ¾ ^墙体体系组合式房屋的 主体结构, 通过工厂工业化制造, 由轻钢、 结构板(OSB板、 CCA板)、 石膏 板、 保温防水材料和外墙材料通过螺栓组合完成的墙体、 底板、 楼板、 屋面板。 再由工厂完成组装整体的主体结构, 包括其中的装修和固定物件, 所有的供暖, 电源, 给排水系统均整合于此主体结构中, 其他墙体内只需预先制作走线管道、 插座及电线连接口。 该组合房屋各部件, 包括主体结构和其他的扩展结构在完 成后可以直接放置于货柜内, 运送至目的地拼装组合。
图 1至图 10是本发明的组合式房屋的主体结构最优选的一个实施方式的示 意图。 其中具体参见图 1, 本发明组合式房屋的主体结构 10的外形结构为长方 形箱体, 作为整个组合式房屋的核心承重部分, 该主体结构 10包括底板 1 , 外 墙 2, 夕卜墙 3, 外墙 5和内部分隔墙 4。 夕卜墙 2, 外墙 3和外墙 5围绕该主体结 构 10的长方形夕卜边框设置, 作为主体结构 10中的承重墙; 内部分隔墙 4设置 在主体结构 10的长方形区域内, 将夕卜墙围成的空间分隔成多个内部空间。
如图 2所示为工厂拼装完成后, 准备进行运输时的主体结构 10示意图, 其 内部划分为三个区域。 作为卫生间的区域 11, 乍为通道的区域 12, 以及作为厨 房的区域 13。其中, 在卫生间的区域 11中, 预先安装有灘房、洗手台和马桶 等卫生洁具 (图中未示出); 在厨房区域 B中预先安装有配电箱、 洗手台、 燃 气设备和橱柜等固定物件。 这些固定物件在运输过程之前就已经安装完毕, 且 固定于所述组合式房屋的主体结构内, 随后与相对应的地下管路结构配套接合。 该地下管路结构包括一条给水管路、 一条内部铺设电线的金属管路、 一条用于 淋浴房和洗手盆的第一排水管路, 一条用于马桶的第二排水管路、 一条燃气管 路以及一条供暖管路。
在本发明的另一个实施例中, 参照附图 2中的区域划分, 该主体结构 10还 包括一个位于区域 11的卫生间, 一个位于区域 12的办公电气设备间, 一个位 于区域 13的水房。 这种配置可以使该组合式房屋满足于办公室的需要。
如图 2和图 3所示, 完成工厂组装阶段的组合式房屋主体结构 10, 其适合 放置于一个长为 12米, 宽为 2.4米, 高为 3米的国际标准货柜 40内。并且, 在 本发明优选的实施例中, 其长度选定为 11.615米, 宽度 2.318米, 高度为 3米, 其长度和宽度均略小于放入的货柜 40的尺寸,便于在相应的位置设置顶端或底 端梁架或其他突出的结构。
如图 3所示, 为所述主体结构安装在相应的长方形箱式货柜 40内的尺寸匹 配图, 一般的, 所述的主体结构 10的尺寸会略小于货柜 40内部尺寸, 以便于 主体结构方便地放入货柜内而不会磨损主体结构表面。 具体的该主体结构通过 四个角的位置配置的吊装孔, 从上向下吊装入一个上部敞开的货柜 40内, 待固 定完成后, 再加盖货柜 40的顶板, 完成该主体结构运输前的所有准备工作。
同时, 如图 4所示, 为了防止主体结构的外墙面受到磨损, 还可以对该主 体结构包裹一个外层保护夕卜墙体, ί¾ ^箱体 50可以采用镂空衬垫、 海绵、 瓦楞 板、防水塑料膜、 OSB外包装板等。该 箱体 50可以在吊觀程之前就固定 包覆于主体结构之外, 或者当采用海绵、 镂空衬垫等软性材料作为包装时, 也 可以将该保护箱体 50直接布置在货柜 40内。该主体结构 10在完全装入货柜的 过程中,通过其自身尺寸和包裹在夕卜层的保护箱体 50, 固定于货柜 40内, 以使 其在货柜内部不发生较大的相对位移, 同时可以有效地保护外墙体不受损坏。 进一步的, 该主体结构上的突出梁架结构等, 也可作为固定箱体位置的固定件。
如图 5至图 9、 图 11所示, 本发明的所有外墙 2, 外墙 3和外墙 5、 内部分 隔墙 4和底板 1的框架结构都是在工厂由冷弯热镀型薄壁 ¾ ^构成的, 由 C形 轻钢作为竖直方向的龙骨结构, 水平方向上用两条槽形¾ ^限制上下区域, 在 相邻的两根作为龙骨的 C型轻钢之间填充有矿棉, 起到保温和隔声的作用, 再 在两侧墙面以结构面板(OSB板、 CCA板)封闭, 可以进一步铺设石膏板、 保 温防水材料和外墙材料等, 通过螺栓组合完成。 具体地说, 本发明的外墙的外 墙面上由里至外依次铺设结构面板, 防水层和外墙饰面; 外墙的内墙面上从轻 钢龙骨层起依次铺设结构面板和纸面石膏板; 卫生间的内墙面, 铺设结构面板、 防水层、 水泥木屑板和瓷砖。
并且, 如图 5至图 7所示, 在外墙 2, 夕卜墙 3和外墙 5上都开设有一个门框 或窗框结构, 在门框或窗框结构处的¾ ^龙骨进行相应的加密设计。 具体地说, 本发明中一般的轻钢龙骨间距为 610毫米, 而在门框上部或窗框的上、 下部, 除正常间距的龙骨结构外, 还需要加设 1至 2根加密龙骨; 而在门框和窗框的 侧面以及靠近框架边缘的位置,所述的龙骨结构的间距也将明显小于 610毫米, 可选用例如 400毫米、 380毫米、 280毫米、 230毫米、 205毫米或 110毫米等, 以达到强化墙体的承重能力的作用。 其中, 在外墙 2上的门框结构内安装有可 绕单侧活页转动的门; 在夕卜墙 3上开设有窗框结构, 并且在所述窗体处以轻钢 龙骨进行加密设计, 在窗框结构中安装有窗户, 所设置的窗户优选为防震防破 碎的强化玻璃; 在夕卜墙 5上同样也开有一个门框结构, 该门框结构较夕卜墙 2的 门框结构要宽, 可以适用于厨房、 吧台等开放式的空间结构。
参见图 8所示, 内部分隔墙 4, 一般不作为承重墙, 其内部也设置为与外墙 结构相同的的轻钢龙骨, 内部分隔墙上也开设有门结构, 并在相应^寸龙骨进 行与外墙结构相同的加密设计, 在所述门框中安装有可绕单侧活页转动的门。
另外, 本发明组合 屋的主体结构 10的夕卜墙 2, 夕卜墙 3, 夕卜墙 5和内部 分隔墙 4都直接固定于底板 1上, 其中, 所有的外墙、 内部分隔墙和底板的框 架的边框处的槽形钢或 C形钢上, 都预留有用于与其他墙体连接的螺孔, 相互 之间通 illli栓和对应的螺? 接固定。
另外, 本发明中的主体结构的外墙墙体上的每一侧都预留有用于吊装的吊 装孔, 分布在墙面上靠近顶部的位置, 并且左右对称分布, 一侧外墙面上至少 具有 2个吊装孔, 一般只需要用到长度方向上两侧面的吊装孔, 宽度方向上两 侧面的吊装孔作为备用或! ^寸特殊情况所用, 在实际安装过程中通过上述吊装 孔将所述主体结构吊装至指定位置。
如图 9所示, 为组合式房屋主体结构的底板龙骨结构示意图, 除了底板本 身所具备的轻钢龙骨结构 101夕卜, 在相对应设置内部分隔墙的位置, 另外再增 加设有加密 ¾ ^龙骨结构 102,而对于墙外周边框,由于该边框为主要承重部位, 因此也采用了加固的设计, 设置有方钢 103, 所述方钢共分为四条, 其中短边的 两条方钢先行固定安装, 而长边的两条方钢固定安装在覆盖短边的两条方钢的 两端口。 并且, 所述的方钢与主体结构的龙骨结构同时完成, 在所述底板上表 面由下至上依次铺设 15mm厚 OSB板和 10mm厚复合地板,在底板的下表面铺 设 15mm厚 OSB板。
如图 12所示, 在所述底板 1中, 预先留有相应的管道? L 18, 金属管 17贯 穿相应管道孔 18布置, 所述金属管可以用作给排水管、 燃气管、 供暖管路等, 一般采取多根管路并排设置的方式进行 15为电气化线路管, 其外层设置 有金属保护套管 16,也如同金属管 17—样贯穿于相应的管道孔中,并且所述电 气管路 15在垂直高度上设置为高于金属管 17。 在例如管道孔 18的其他管道孔 处, 还可以设置用于固定管路的结构, 如采用塑料套管, 增加法兰盘与龙骨结 构固定。 对应于底板上的需要安装固定物件的位置, 所述管路结构通过三通或 多通结构与地板面上的固定物件相互连接, 例如进水管与洗手台、 淋浴房、 马 桶的进水管连接, 第一排水管与淋浴房和洗手台的排水管连接, 第二排水管与 马桶的排水管连接, 电路管路与插座、 照明、 配电箱等连接。
如图 10所示, 为本发明的另一个优选的实施例为, 在所述主体结构内, 用 内部分隔墙划分为 4个区域, 从图中的左侧至图中的右侧依次为第一卫生间, 通道区域, 第二卫生间以及厨房。 该划分结构 寸于内部区域的使用作了一些 改变, 并未影响到该主体结构的尺寸, 其总长度仍为略小于 12米。 同时, 在通 道区域开设有多个门框结构, 并在相应区域设置有龙骨的加密设计。
根据本发明的图 10的实施例, 其相应的底板龙骨加密设计如图 11所示, 其中 101为常规铺设的龙骨, 102为加密铺设的加密龙骨, 103为对应墙体的承 重边框的的方钢, 对底板的相应承重部分采取了加密或加固的设计, 以保障能 够符合支撑整个房屋的承重标准和要求。
图 13为所脏体结构的一侧墙体底部的剖面结构视图,表示了主体结构底 部边 tlLt的方钢 31与预先固定在安装场所的混凝土基座 30内的预埋件 (32, 33 )固定安装的结构, 所述的预埋件包括角钢 33和埋 Λ±也底的固定件 32, 该预 埋件的角钢 33, 其一面埋于地下, 用于固定地下的固定件 32, 另一面则垂直于 墙体外侧, 通 il!fe累钉 35与方钢 31固定连接。 如图 13还示出了所述主体结构的 外墙 39和底板 34与方钢 31的连接方式, 由各自的外墙槽钢 38和底板槽钢 37 通过螺钉 35相互固定连接。 另外, 所述预埋件结构围绕整个主体结构的长方形 底板的外周边布置, 并且在主体结构下方的混凝土基座 30上铺设有防水卷材, 实际安装过程中只需将主体结构放入预埋件之间, 再用螺钉固定连接即可完成 所述主体结构的现场安装固定工作。
本发明还提供了一种组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其中: 构成一个作 为整个组合式房屋的主要承重部分的长方形的主体结构, 具体包括如下步骤: 参见图 12, 在所述主体结构底板的¾ ^龙骨结构中开设多个长度方向一致 的管道孔 18。 将电气管路和给排水管路等的管道穿过管道孔内 ¾Λ主体结构的 底板之中, 其中电气管路为金属管 16, 在内部穿有电线、 光纤等电气管路 15; 其中给排水管路采取金属管; 此外还贯穿固定有燃气管路和供暖管路等, 也都 为金属管道。在所述龙骨结构的管道孔 18处, 通过塑料套管或法兰盘等装置固 定各种管道; 在底板的轻钢龙骨结构之间的其他空白区域处填充矿棉, 并在两 侧表面用结构面板封闭, 形成完整的底板, 在底板上表面再铺设一层木质地板。 参见图 1, 本发明组合式房屋的主体结构, il工厂由冷弯热塑型薄壁 ¾ , 主 要是 C形钢和槽形钢, 制作本身带有门框或窗框结构的龙骨框架结构, 包括内 部分隔墙框架和外墙框架。 在长方形底板 1的宽度方向上, 将内部分隔墙 4的 框架以及与内部分隔墙平行的外墙 3的框架设置于底板上, 分隔出多个空间; 将与内部分隔墙 4垂直的夕卜墙 2、夕卜墙 5设置于底 ,从而构成主体结构的外 边框结构以及内部的各分隔空间的边界; 将内部分隔墙 4的框架、 外墙 2和外 墙 5的框架和底板 ffiil框架边缘的槽形钢或 C形钢上的螺孔和螺栓连接固定。 同时, 主体结构 10的侧部和顶部的各边缘, 也都预留有与其他扩展部件相连的 连接结构, 例如连接螺孔、 连接法兰以及连接螺栓等, 可以便于与其他墙体、 楼板等部件的固定与连接。
在被分隔的各空间内将洗手台、 配电箱、 燃气设备、 固定橱柜、 淋浴房、 马桶等固定物件与电气化管道、 进水管、 排水管、 燃气管道等的管路结构相互 连接; 通 31ί累钉、 螺栓和螺孔等方式安装上述固定物件。
在包括外墙框架、 内部分隔墙框架、 底板在内的墙体框架中, 每两根相邻 的龙骨结构之间, ±真充矿棉。 在墙体两面安装结构面板、 外墙饰面、 内墙饰面 等, 形成封闭的墙体。 将相邻的墙体之间、 或墙体和底面之间, 由于留用安装 墙板的缝隙, 可用密封胶或者密封板等密封材料将安装过程中的空隙密封。
在所述的主体结构的外部包覆一个保护箱体,所述箱体材料采用镂空衬垫、 海绵、 瓦楞板、 防水塑料膜、 OSB夕卜包装板等。 并且在所述主体结构的顶部至 少四个顶角的位置上预留的吊装孔或吊装构件, 根据情况需要, 可在相应的内 部分隔墙与外墙交接位置加设吊装孔或吊装构件, 将所述主体结构及其外部的 保护箱体由上至下吊装入国际标准货柜内; 再在顶部封闭或设置保护部件, 例 如防水布或防水膜等, 完成主体结构的包装; 或者也可以采取在货柜内预先铺 设海绵、 镂空衬垫等材料, 再将主体结构由上至下吊装入货柜内, 再封闭保护 货柜顶部, 完成包装。
ffiil所述主体结构上预留的吊装孔, 将所述主体结构由上向下吊装入国际 标准货柜内; 再在顶部封闭或设置保护货柜的部件, 完成主体结构的包装。
如图 13所示,在安装地点,预先设置有一个混凝土基座用于设置整个房屋 和主体结构, 混凝土基座上留有用于固定所述主体结构的预埋件, 所述预埋件 由角钢 33和埋 Λ½底的固定件 32组成, 并且角钢 33露出地面的部分为与长方 形的主体结构的外部轮廓相匹配。将整体组装完成的包括外墙 39、底板 34和方 钢 31的主体结构吊装至预埋件所围成的长方形轮廓范围内, 在通过预埋件上预 留的螺孔, 以螺钉 35与主体结构底部的方钢 31固定连接。
同时, 所述混凝土基座内预先铺设有当地的给排水管路、 电气管路、 供暖 管路等管路结构。 为了保护混凝土基座, 还可以在主体结构的下方, 设置有与 长方形外边框形状相对应的加固钢筋结构。
在运输到目的地后实际安装步骤中,在主体结构 10顶部的至少四个顶角上 预留有吊装孔或吊装结构, 根据实际情况, 也可在外墙与内部分隔墙的交界位 置处加设吊装孔或吊装结构。在运输至目的地后, 通过所述吊装孔或吊装结构, 将主体结构吊装至安装场所的混凝土基座上, 与基座相固定。将主体结构 10上 的电气管路、 给排水管路、 供暖管路等与预设在混凝土基座内的当地管路结构 相连通, 并固定和密封这些管路连接处。
所述主体结构的各条边上预留有连接部件, 通过这些连接部件, 将主体结 构与组合式房屋的其他外部扩展结构相连接和固定。
根据设置的固定物件的选择不同, 可以把本发明组合式房屋的主体结构 10 制作成为同一层面的完整厨房和卫生间结构, 随后再与外部作为起居和生活空 间的其他扩展结构相连接。 所述的其他扩展结构包括外部其他空间的墙体、 楼 梯、 屋顶等, 所述屋顶架设在主体结构和外部扩展结构顶上。
本发明的主体结构经工厂加工完成后, 通过国际标准货柜进行运输, 在到 达目的地之后, 只需要进行最后一步现场组装步骤, 而不需要再对主体结构内 进行过多额外的内部布置和管路排布, 通过与安装地预先预留好的接口直接相 连接即可使电系统、 给排水系统、 通讯系统、 供气系统、 取暖系统等立即启用, 可以大幅度缩短施工工期。
以上的具体实施例, 为本发明最为优选的实施方案, 然而本发明并不仅局 限于此种具体实施方式, 对于本领域所公知公用的一些技术特征选用、 替换或 改变, 也应当被认为是本发明的一部分。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于: 该主体结构为长方形箱体, 作为整个组合式房屋的主要承重部分, 该主体结构包括围绕长方形外边的起承 重作用的外墙、 将外墙围成的空间分隔成多个空间的内部分隔墙、 内部设置有 管路结构的底板; 并且在各分隔空间内预先安装有一部分固定物件, 所述管路 结构包括与所述固定物件相配套连接的主要给排水、 供暖以及电气化管路。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的主体 结构的外墙、 分隔墙和底板的框架由内部作为龙骨的 C型¾ ^和作为上下固定 件的槽型轻钢构成, 相邻的 C型¾ ^之间填充有矿棉, 两侧墙面以结构面板封 闭, 形成完整的墙体。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的底板 的龙骨框架内预设有管道孔, 所述管路贯穿于底板中的管道孔中, 并通过这些 孔结构固定于底板内。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的主体 结构的长方形底板四周边均设置有方钢地梁, 所述方钢地梁与安装场所的预埋 件固定连接。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述预埋件 为下部带有固定结构的角钢, 其露出地面的部分为与长方形的主体结构的外部 轮廓相匹配。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的长方 形的主体结构的顶部的包括 4个顶角的位置至少设有 4个用于吊装的吊装孔。
7.如权利要求 2所述的组合式房屋的主体结构,其特征在于,所述的外墙、 分隔墙和底板的边缘, 都通过螺孔、 螺钉和螺栓与相邻的墙体或底板连接。
8. 如权利要求 2所述的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的夕卜墙和分隔墙的墙 «架中, 预先设置有完整的门框或窗框结构。
9.如权利要求 1至 8中任意一项所述的组合式房屋的主体结构,其特征在 于, 所述的主体结构的尺外形寸与国际标准货柜的内壁尺寸相适配。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的组合式房屋的主体结构, 其特征在于, 所述的主 体结构的外形尺寸为长 11.615米, 宽 2.318米, 高 3米。
11. 一种组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于: 构成一个作为整 个组合式房屋的主要承重部分的长方形的主体结构, 具体包括如下歩骤,
步骤 1、 将包括给排水管路和电气化管路的管路结构穿过底板中预留的孔 隙, 内 ^主体结构的底板之中, 并加以固定;
步骤 2、 在所述主体结构的底板上, 固定内部分隔墙框架和外墙框架, 并 分隔出多个空间;
步骤 3、 在所述主体结构被分隔的空间内安装固定物件, 并且与底板内的 管路结构配套连接;
步骤 4、 在所述各内部分隔墙、 外墙的墙体框架表面铺设墙面材料, 并进 行密封;
步骤 5、 将主体结构整体包装, 运输至现场安装。
12. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述的步骤 1中, 还包括:
步骤 1.1, 在所述主体结构底板的¾ ^龙骨结构中开设有管道孔; 步骤 1.2, 将电气管路和给排水管路的管道穿过管道孔;
步骤 1.3, 在所述龙骨结构的管道孔处固定各种管道;
步骤 1.4,在底板的¾ ^龙骨结构之间填充矿棉,并在两侧表面用结构面板 封闭, 形成完整的底板。
13. 如权利要求 11纖的组合式房駐体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述的步骤 2中, 还包括:
步骤 2.1, 制作具有门框和窗框结构的内部分隔墙与外墙的墙擁架; 步骤 2.2,将内部分隔墙框架以及与内部分隔墙平行的外墙框架设置于底板 上, 分隔出多个空间;
步骤 2.3,将与内部分隔墙垂直的外墙框架设置于底板上,构成主体结构中 各分隔空间的边界;
步骤 2.4,将内部分隔墙框架、夕卜墙框架和底板通过其边缘的螺孔和螺 接固定。
14. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述的步骤 3中, 还包括:
步骤 3.1,在被分隔的空间内固定安装固定物件,所述固定物件包括洗手台、 配电箱、 燃气设备、 固定橱柜、 淋浴房、 马桶;
步骤 3.2, 将固定物件分别与包括电气化 f¾t、 «管、排水管、燃气管道 的管路结构相互连接。
15. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述步骤 4中, 还包括:
步骤 4.1, 在墙体框架中相邻的龙骨结构之间, 填充矿棉;
步骤 4.2, 在墙体框架的两面安装结构面板、外墙饰面、 内墙饰面等, 形成 封闭的墙体;
步骤 4.3, 将相邻的墙体之间、或墙体和底面之间, 用密封材料封闭安装过 程中的空隙。
16. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括包装步骤 5.1 : 在主体结构外部设置保护箱体, 通过所述 主体结构上预留的吊装孔或吊装构件, 将所述主体结构及其外部的保护箱体由 上向下吊装入国际标准货柜内; 再在顶部封闭或设置保护部件, 完成主体结构 的包装。
17. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际安装步骤 5.2: 在运输至目的地后, 通 i«述主体结 构上预留的吊装孔, 将主体结构吊装至安装场所的混凝土基座上, 通过预埋件 与基座相固定。
18. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际安装步骤 53: 所述主体结构上的电气管路、给排水 管路、供暖管路等与预设在混凝土基座内的当地管路结构相连通, 并加以固定。
19. 如权利要求 11所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 在所述步骤 5中, 包括实际安装步骤 5.4: 所述主体结构的各条边上预留有连接 部件, 通过这些连接部件, 将主体结构与组合式房屋的其他外部扩展结构相连 接和固定。
20.如权利要求 9至 19中任意一项所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 戶; M主体结构的 »组¾¾工厂内制造完成。
21.如权利要求 9至 20中任意一项所述的组合式房屋主体结构的组装方法, 其特征在于, 所述主体结构由冷弯薄型 ¾ira、 结构板、 石膏板、 保温板、 室内 外饰面材料通 累孔、 螺栓、 螺钉固定连接而制成。
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