WO2010004954A1 - ミラー構造体 - Google Patents
ミラー構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010004954A1 WO2010004954A1 PCT/JP2009/062283 JP2009062283W WO2010004954A1 WO 2010004954 A1 WO2010004954 A1 WO 2010004954A1 JP 2009062283 W JP2009062283 W JP 2009062283W WO 2010004954 A1 WO2010004954 A1 WO 2010004954A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- adhesive sheet
- resin adhesive
- mirror structure
- incident light
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
- G02B5/0825—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/82—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/181—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mirror structure, and particularly to a mirror structure suitable for reflecting high-intensity incident light.
- Thermal power generation which generates power by burning fossil fuels, is widely used all over the world because its equipment costs are relatively low and the installation restrictions on power plants are moderate.
- CO 2 (carbon dioxide) emission which is said to cause global warming
- the fossil fuels that are buried are limited, they should be saved and used so that they will not be depleted before establishing an energy generation technology that can replace thermal power generation. For this reason, other power generation technologies that supplement thermal power generation are required.
- nuclear power generation and hydropower generation have a problem that they are difficult to use because the installation location of the power plant is limited.
- a solar cell is generally known as a method for converting sunlight into energy.
- the current technology has the fact that the power generation cost of solar cells is relatively high compared to others.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for condensing sunlight into heat energy and changing the heat energy into electricity. More specifically, sunlight reflected by a number of reflecting mirrors (heliostats) arranged around the tower is condensed and heated on a heat exchanger via a collecting mirror provided on the tower, This technology generates power by sending the heat energy obtained by the heat exchanger to a power generator.
- reflecting mirrors heliostats
- the condensing mirror which receives the incident light from many heliostats, the light intensity of the incident light becomes very high. Therefore, when supporting the condensing mirror, the nail is supported by protruding the reflection surface from the periphery of the mirror, and the nail is heated by the incident light. May cause problems such as lowering.
- the problem of heat can be theoretically avoided if the mirror has a reflectance of 100%. However, it is difficult to manufacture a mirror that actually realizes a reflectance of 100%. Therefore, when incident light that has not been reflected is absorbed by the mirror and converted into heat, the mirror is heated to a high temperature. .
- heat-resistant adhesive tapes are expensive, and for example, the use of adhesive tapes that are used at ultra-high temperatures of 200 ° C. or higher is limited, so there is a problem of how to support the condenser mirror.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a mirror structure that can reflect incident light with good efficiency and has excellent reliability.
- the mirror structure of the present invention is used in an environment where the incident maximum irradiance is 5 kW / m 2 or more, and has an area of 0.2 m 2 or more, A mirror, a support, and a resin adhesive sheet that bonds the mirror and the support;
- the mirror is characterized in that a dielectric multilayer film is formed on at least the incident light side surface of a plate-like substrate, and the average reflectance of the mirror is 95% or more in the range of incident light wavelength of 400 to 1000 nm.
- the mirror since the mirror has a dielectric multilayer film formed on at least the incident light side surface of the plate-shaped substrate, the incident light is transmitted through the substrate by using the incident light side surface as a reflecting surface. Passing is suppressed, thereby suppressing the absorption of incident light and suppressing the heating of the mirror, so that it has a relatively low heat resistance but has a strong adhesive strength and a uniform adhesive layer thickness.
- a resin adhesive tape can be used, whereby a mirror structure having good reflection characteristics can be formed at a low cost.
- the average reflectance of the mirror is 95% or more when the wavelength of incident light is in the range of 400 to 1000 nm.
- light having a wavelength of 400 to 1000 nm which is a wavelength range with a large amount of light in sunlight, has a high reflectance.
- a mirror with high light utilization efficiency can be obtained with a dielectric multilayer film having a small layer structure by narrowing the reflection wavelength range, and the cost and The reflection characteristics can be optimized.
- the dielectric multilayer film is obtained by superposing a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer on a substrate, and is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-292462.
- a mirror structure according to a second aspect is the invention according to the first aspect, wherein a plurality of the resin adhesive sheets are arranged in a discrete manner, and two adhesive regions adjacent to an adhesive region formed by the resin adhesive sheet.
- D is the shortest distance between them
- S ⁇ is the specific gravity of the substrate
- E is the Young's modulus of the substrate
- t is the thickness of the substrate.
- the mirror structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the heat resistance temperature of the resin adhesive sheet is 120 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- a resin adhesive sheet having high adhesive strength can be used instead of relatively low heat resistance.
- a structural bonding tape or an acrylic foam double-sided adhesive tape can be used.
- VHB trade name of Sumitomo 3M Limited.
- this mirror is a structure that can suppress the temperature rise, and is preferably 200 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of economy.
- a mirror structure according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the mirror structure according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the resin adhesive sheet has a surface elongation of the support when the breaking elongation of the resin adhesive sheet is 400% or more.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the surface plate constituting A is A
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the base material is B
- the thickness of the resin adhesive sheet is ⁇
- the mirror structure according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mirror covers all of the support when viewed from the direction of incident light. It is characterized by.
- the mirror structure according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the area of the adhesive portion of the resin adhesive sheet that adheres to the mirror and the support is the entire area.
- the adhesive portion is dispersed at 5% or more and 20% or less, and the smaller width of the adhesive portion per place is 50 mm or less.
- the area of the mirror is 0.2 m 2 or more, it is preferable because a condensing mirror can be manufactured more efficiently than when a large number of small-area mirrors are bonded together.
- the surface mirror since it is difficult to accommodate such a large mirror in a vacuum chamber or the like, it is desirable to bond the surface mirror to the surface plate under atmospheric pressure.
- the area of the adhesive portion that is in close contact with the resin adhesive sheet is 5% or more and 20% or less of the total area, the adhesive portion is dispersed, and the smaller width of the adhesive portion per location is 50 mm or less.
- the adhesion process becomes easy, the amount of the resin adhesive sheet to be used is reduced, and it contributes to the cost reduction.
- the mirror structure according to claim 7 is the mirror structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the linear expansion coefficient of the surface plate is smaller than 12 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, and expansion may be greater than 3 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
- the base plate constituting the mirror and the surface plate of the support attached to the back surface of the mirror A temperature difference occurs, and the support becomes colder.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the surface plate is made smaller than 12 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, and the linear expansion coefficient of the base material is made larger than 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K.
- the reflectance of the incident light side surface in the mirror is desirably 95% or more when the wavelength of the incident light is in the range of 400 to 2000 nm.
- the amount of absorption loss inside the base material can be suppressed by reflecting light having a wavelength of 400 to 1000 nm, which is almost the wavelength range of sunlight, with a mirror having a high reflectance.
- the reflectance of the incident light side surface in the mirror is 95% or more when the wavelength of incident light is in the range of 400 to 1000 nm, and the reflectance of the surface opposite to the incident light side surface of the mirror is incident. It is desirable that the wavelength of light is 95% or more in the range of 1000 to 2000 nm, the substrate is light transmissive, and its thickness is 3 mm or less. Thus, for example, light in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm that has a large amount of light in sunlight is reflected by the dielectric multilayer film on the surface of the mirror, and light in the wavelength range of 1000 to 2000 nm other than that is reflected.
- broadband incident light It is possible to provide a mirror structure that reflects light and suppresses light absorption.
- the support has a honeycomb core and a surface plate fixed to the honeycomb core, and the resin adhesive sheet bonds the mirror and the surface plate.
- the honeycomb core is lightweight and has high rigidity, which is effective in ensuring the flatness of the mirror.
- the breaking elongation of the resin adhesive sheet is 400% or more
- the substrate is made of glass, and the thickness thereof is 0.5 mm or more.
- the surface plate is preferably made of stainless steel.
- stainless steel generally has a higher elastic limit compared to aluminum, etc., and it has the characteristics that the shape is not easily deformed even when a load is applied. Suitable for use in the support.
- stainless steel has a good compatibility with a resin adhesive sheet, and has an advantage that the adhesive strength to stainless steel can be increased by about 1.2 times the adhesive strength to aluminum.
- the plate thickness of the stainless steel surface plate is preferably 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm.
- the width of the minimum part of the mirror is Wmin
- the thickness of the support is t
- the average density of the support is ⁇ (g / cm 3 )
- Conditional expression (6) defines the thickness t of the support according to the size of the mirror, and the value t 3 / Wmin 2 must be less than the lower limit of conditional expression (6). Since it has sufficient intensity
- a plurality of the resin adhesive sheets are arranged with an interval therebetween to bond the mirror and the surface plate.
- the air bubbles are sealed in between and the flatness of the mirror may be reduced.
- a plurality of the resin adhesive sheets are arranged at intervals, air escapes through the gap, so that bubbles are not sealed between the mirror and the surface plate, The flatness of the mirror can be secured.
- the width of the maximum part of the mirror is Wmax
- the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the surface plate and the substrate is ⁇
- the thickness of the resin adhesive sheet is ⁇
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of the configuration of FIG. 3 cut along a plane including an arrow IV-IV line and viewed in the direction of the arrow. It is the figure which cut
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a mirror M that can be used for the condenser mirror 1.
- 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the condenser mirror 1.
- FIG. It is the figure which looked at the mirror structure OS from the support
- membrane and dielectric multilayer film which used Au as a raw material it is a figure which shows the reflection characteristic at the time of entering light with an incident angle of 50 degree
- FIG. 27 is a diagram in which the patterns of the small pieces of the seven types of resin adhesive sheets VHB that are dispersedly arranged are different. It is a figure of an example in which the small pieces of the pattern shown to FIG. 27 (A) were distributed.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a solar light collecting system using a mirror structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of such a solar light collecting system.
- a relatively large-diameter condensing mirror 1 as a second optical element is formed by combining a plurality of planar mirror structures along an elliptical shape and is predetermined by three support towers 2. Is held with the reflecting surface facing downward.
- a heat exchange facility 3 that houses a heat exchanger for converting sunlight L into heat energy is constructed below the condenser mirror 1, and a cylindrical collector is located above the heat exchange facility 3.
- An optical mirror 4 is installed.
- a large number of heliostats 5 are provided on the ground around the heat exchange facility 3 so as to surround the condenser mirror 1.
- the collector mirror 1 the maximum irradiance 5 kW / m 2 or more of light incident is made incident.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one heliostat 5.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the configuration of FIG. 3 cut along a plane including the arrow IV-IV line and viewed in the direction of the arrow.
- FIG. 5 is a view of the configuration of FIG. 3 cut along a plane including the arrow VV line and viewed in the direction of the arrow.
- a fork 7 is attached to an upper portion of the column 6 of the heliostat 5 that is installed on the ground and extends vertically, and can be rotated and displaced in the azimuth direction (direction A) with respect to the column 6. ing.
- a ring-shaped rail 8 is provided around the upper end of the column 6.
- rotary pulleys 9 are rotatably mounted at positions facing each other across the column 6, and adjacent to the rotary pulley 9, a spring S is provided on the side of the rotary pulley 9.
- a pressing pulley 10 is provided.
- the ring-shaped rail 8 is sandwiched between the rotating pulley 9 and the holding pulley 10.
- a timing belt 12 that is rotated by a motor 11 is wound around the pair of rotating pulleys 9 so that the pair of rotating pulleys 9 rotate in synchronization.
- the motor 11 is driven, the rotary pulley 9 rotates via the timing belt 12, and the fork 7 rotates in the azimuth direction.
- the fork 7 can perform stable rotation.
- a concave mirror 13 as a first optical element is held at the upper end of the fork 7 so as to be freely rotationally displaceable in the elevation angle direction (B direction).
- the rectangular plate-like concave mirror 13 has a reflecting surface that is a curved surface (including an aspherical surface, a parabolic surface, etc.), but the reflecting surface may be a flat surface.
- a circular pipe 14 is fixed on the back side of the concave mirror 13.
- the rotation shaft 15 is fixed to the circular pipe 14 with the axes thereof aligned.
- the pair of horizontally extending rotating shafts 15 are pivotally supported on the upper end of the fork 7, and therefore the concave mirror 13 can be rotationally displaced in the elevation direction around the axis of the rotating shaft 15.
- both ends of the arc-shaped rail 16 are fixed at the center of two sides different from the two sides where the rotation shaft 15 is located.
- Two sets of rotary pulleys 17 and presser pulleys 18 urged by springs (not shown) are provided on the bottom surface of the center of the fork 7, and each rotary pulley 17 and presser pulley 18 has an arc shape.
- the rail 16 is clamped.
- the fork 7 is provided with a power pulley 19 so as to engage with both rotary pulleys 17, and a timing belt 21 to which power is transmitted from a motor 20 is wound around the power pulley 19. Yes.
- the rotary pulley 19 and the rotary pulley 17 are rotated via the timing belt 21, whereby the arc-shaped rail 16 is relatively moved, and the concave mirror 13 is centered on the rotary shaft 15 in the elevation direction. Can be rotated and displaced.
- a red seal (coloring portion) or the like may be attached to a part of the reflecting mirror 13 so that the light traveling direction can be visually confirmed. It is better to remove the seal after adjustment.
- the height of the concave mirror 13 of the heliostat 5 gradually increases as the distance from the central condenser mirror 1 increases. This is in order to prevent the concave mirrors 13 from being shaded and reflecting light when reflecting sunlight.
- the sensor 23 is fixed via the arm 22 attached to the column 6 of the heliostat 5.
- the sensor 23 is used for detecting the incident direction of sunlight L. That is, the motors 11 and 20 are controlled by the signal output from the sensor 23 so that the sunlight L reflected by the concave mirror 13 is always directed to the first focus f1 (see FIG. 6) of the condenser mirror 1. ing. Thereby, even if the incident direction of the sunlight L changes with time, the sunlight L from the concave mirror 13 can be reliably reflected to the first focal point f1 side of the condenser mirror 1. The sunlight reflected from the concave mirrors 13 toward the condenser mirror 1 and further reflected by the condenser mirror 1 is directed toward the condenser mirror 4.
- the light that needs to be reflected inside the condensing mirror 4 is incident on the upper opening 30 as shown in FIG.
- the sunlight L emitted from the lower opening 31 is sent into the heat exchange facility 3, converted into heat energy by a predetermined heat exchanger, and can be generated using the heat energy.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the condenser mirror 1.
- the condensing mirror 1 has a shape in which a plurality of plate-like mirror structures OS having planar mirrors are arranged point-symmetrically along a curved surface.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the mirror M used in the mirror structure OS.
- the film thickness is drawn thicker than the actual thickness of the substrate.
- a dielectric multilayer film DF and a metal vapor deposition film MV are formed in this order from the incident side on the surface on which sunlight is incident.
- the dielectric multilayer DF has a high light reflectance only in the short wavelength band. Therefore, when sunlight enters the mirror M, the light L1 in the short wavelength band (400 nm to 1000 nm) is reflected by the dielectric multilayer film DF, while the other long wavelength band (1000 nm to 2000 nm) is reflected.
- the light L2 passes through the dielectric multilayer film DF, is reflected by the metal vapor deposition film MV, and further passes through the dielectric multilayer film DF to be emitted.
- high reflectivity (95% or more) in a wide band of 400 nm to 2000 nm can be secured, sunlight can be prevented from reaching the base material SS, and the mirror M can be prevented from being heated. It is suitable for the condenser mirror 1.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the mirror M used in the mirror structure OS according to the modification.
- the metal vapor deposition film MV is formed on the back surface of the mirror M (the surface opposite to the incident light side surface).
- the thickness of the base material SS is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the condenser mirror 1.
- a mirror M is attached to the incident-side surface (surface facing downward in the direction of gravity) of the mirror structure OS supported by the support column PL. There is no gap between the adjacent mirrors M, and the incident light does not enter the column PL side. The center of the reflected light of the mirror M almost passes through the first focal point f1. Accordingly, if the incident angles of the sunlight L incident on the mirror M from the concave mirror 13 are ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, respectively, even if the incident direction of the sunlight L changes with time, the incident angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 Hardly changes.
- the mirror structure OS is designed so as to correspond to the incident angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, desired optical characteristics can be exhibited even when the dielectric multilayer film is thick.
- the condenser mirror 1 is installed with its reflecting surface facing downward in the direction of gravity, so there is little risk of damaging the dielectric multilayer film by falling objects such as snow, hail, and dust. , Can exhibit stable optical characteristics over a long period of time.
- FIG. 12 is a view of the mirror structure OS viewed from the column side
- FIG. 13 is a view of the mirror structure OS of FIG. 12 in the direction of the arrow XII
- FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the mirror structure OS. It is a figure shown.
- the mirror structure OS includes an aluminum honeycomb core HC sandwiched between surface plates PT1 and PT2 made of stainless steel and bonded to form a support, and further bonded to the surface plate PT1 on the incident light side by a resin.
- the mirror M is pasted using the sheet VHB.
- a disk-shaped mounting seat BS for mounting a column is joined to the opposite surface plate PT2.
- the mirror M is supported by its own weight only by the resin adhesive sheet VHB, and it is not necessary to wrap the support member on the incident surface side, so that heating of the mirror structure OS is suppressed. It has become.
- the thickness of the mirror M is 2 mm.
- the thicknesses of the surface plates PT1 and PT2 are each 0.8 mm, the thickness t of the support combined with the honeycomb core HC is 25 mm, and the thickness ⁇ of the resin adhesive sheet VHB is 1 mm. is there.
- Conditional expression (2): A 10.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K
- Conditional expression (3): B 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K
- Conditional expression (4): ⁇ 1.0 mm
- Conditional expression (5): ⁇ 0.68 g / cm 3
- Conditional expression (6): t 3 / Wmin 2 0.016
- the resin adhesive sheet VHB cut into a linear shape is arranged in a mountain shape with an interval, and in the example shown in FIG.
- the resin adhesive sheet VHB cut into a rectangular shape is used.
- the small pieces are arranged in a staggered pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the small pieces of the resin adhesive sheet VHB cut in a rectangular shape are arranged in a radial pattern.
- the area of the mirror is 0.2 m 2 or more
- the area of the adhesive part that is in close contact with the resin adhesive sheet VHB is 5% or more and 20% or less of the total area, and the adhesive part per place is small.
- the width is preferably 50 mm or less.
- FIG. 25 is a pattern in which the small pieces of the resin adhesive sheet VHB of FIG. 16 are formed into a long and narrow pattern with a width of 50 mm or less, and the number of small pieces is reduced. This shortens the joining operation time, and is effective in reducing manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 26 shows a pattern in which the number of small pieces is reduced as in FIG. 25, which is effective in reducing manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 27 shows seven types of pattern diagrams in which the area of the resin adhesive sheet VHB is reduced and distributed.
- a region where the ratio (adhesion area ratio) is 30% or more is referred to as an adhesion region, and all the adhesion regions in FIG. 27 are 40 mm ⁇ 60 mm.
- the seven patterns have different areas occupied by the adhesive in the bonding region.
- FIG. 27A is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 100%
- FIG. 27B is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 75%
- FIG. 27C is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 60%
- FIG. ) Is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 40%
- FIG. 27E is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 60%
- FIG. 27F is a diagram with an adhesion area ratio of 50%
- FIG. 28 shows an example in which small pieces of the pattern shown in FIG. 27A are distributed
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show an example in which small pieces of the pattern shown in FIG. 27B are distributed.
- ⁇ max wD 3 / 24EI (8)
- w is the weight of the base material SS per unit length in the interval direction
- E is the Young's modulus of the base material SS
- I is the cross-sectional second moment of the base material SS.
- the specific gravity of the base material SS is S ⁇
- the thickness of the base material SS is t
- the depth of the base material SS is b
- the cross-sectional secondary moment I of the base material SS can be expressed by the following formula.
- the state of change in ⁇ max is proportional to the cube of D, and therefore increases rapidly as D increases.
- the angle of the reflected light at that portion is shifted by 2 ⁇ , and the shift of the arrival position of the light beam at the distance x from the mirror M is 2 ⁇ x.
- the deviation of the arrival position is preferably within 1%.
- 2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 radians that is, ⁇ ⁇ 0.005 radians is required.
- Example 1 shows the film thickness data of the dielectric multilayer film used in the preferred embodiment for the mirror.
- FIG. 18 shows an embodiment in which the dielectric multilayer film shown in Table 1 is formed on the incident surface of the glass substrate, and a metal vapor deposition film made of Cu is formed on the surface opposite to the incident surface of the substrate.
- it is a figure which shows the reflection characteristic at the time of incident light with an incident angle of 20 degree
- FIG. 19 is a figure which shows the reflective characteristic at the time of making incident light with an incident angle of 50 degree
- FIG. 20 shows an embodiment in which the dielectric multilayer film shown in Table 1 is formed on the incident surface of the glass substrate, and a metal vapor deposition film made of Au is formed on the surface opposite to the incident surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 21 is a figure which shows the reflective characteristic at the time of making incident light with an incident angle of 50 degree
- FIG. 22 shows an embodiment in which the dielectric multilayer film shown in Table 1 is formed on the incident surface of the glass substrate, and a metal vapor deposition film made of Al is formed on the surface opposite to the incident surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 23 is a figure which shows the reflective characteristic at the time of making incident light with an incident angle of 50 degree
- the average reflectance is 95% or more when the wavelength of incident light is in the range of 400 to 1000 nm, and the average reflectance is 90% or more in the long wavelength region of 1000 to 2000 nm. Met.
- a combination of the dielectric multilayer film and the metal vapor deposition film was able to obtain an average reflectance of 95% or more over a wide band of incident light having a wavelength of 400 to 2000 nm.
- Table 2 shows the film thickness data of the dielectric multilayer film used in the preferred embodiment for the mirror.
- FIG. 24 shows the reflection when light is incident at an incident angle of 20 degrees and 50 degrees when the dielectric multilayer films of the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 1 are formed on the incident surface of a glass substrate. It is a figure which shows a characteristic. As is apparent from FIG. 24, when the dielectric multilayer film of the example is used, it has an average reflectance of 95% or more over a wide band of 400 to 2000 nm.
- the high refractive index layer (Si) in the dielectric multilayer film of the example has a refractive index of 4.06 to 3.53 within the wavelength range of incident light of 0.8 ⁇ m to 2.4 ⁇ m, and has a low refractive index.
- the refractive index layer (SiO 2 ) has a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.43 within a wavelength range of incident light of 0.8 ⁇ m to 2.4 ⁇ m.
Abstract
Description
ミラーと、支持体と、該ミラーと該支持体とを接着する樹脂製接着シートとを有し、
前記ミラーは板状の基材の少なくとも入射光側面に誘電体多層膜が形成されており、前記ミラーの平均反射率は入射光の波長が400~1000nmの範囲で95%以上であることを特徴とする。
前記ミラーの入射光側面が重力方向下方に向いている場合、前記ミラーは裏面の樹脂製接着シートにより、部分的に支持されることとなる。かかる場合、接着されていない部分は、自重により下方に撓むこととなる。ここで、Dが条件式(1)の上限を上回ると、ミラーでの反射光線の到達位置のずれが1%以上となって好ましくない。Dが条件式(1)の下限を下回ると、樹脂製接着シートの数が増加して接合作業量が増し、原価高になる。
3×10-6/K<B<9×10-6/K (3)
0.3(mm)<τ<2.0(mm) (4)
条件式(2)、(3)を満たせば、前記表面板と前記基材との線膨張差が小さくなり、条件式(4)の厚みの前記樹脂製接着シートを用いた場合でも、線膨張差に起因した温度上昇による平面性の低下を抑制できる。
0.01 < t3/Wmin2 < 0.05 (6)
これにより、平均密度ρを高くすると前記支持体の強度が上がるが、条件式(5)の上限を超えると重量増となる。逆に、条件式(5)の下限を下回る程に平均密度ρが小さいと、強度不足を招くこととなる。よって、条件式(5)を満たす平均密度が望ましい。また、条件式(6)は、前記ミラーの大きさに応じた前記支持体の厚さtを規定したものであり、値t3/Wmin2が条件式(6)の下限を下回らないと、風荷重等に対する十分な強度を持つので好ましい。また、値t3/Wmin2が条件式(6)の上限を超えないようにすると保持しやすい重量となるので好ましい。
これにより、τ/(Wmax・Δβ)が条件式(7)の下限を上回ると、100℃の温度上昇が発生しても、ハニカムとミラー基材の線膨張差が接着シートの伸びにより吸収され、前記ミラーの表面の変形を抑制できる。一方、τ/(Wmax・Δβ)が条件式(7)の上限を下回ると、必要以上に前記樹脂製接着シートが厚くならず、外圧による圧縮方向、引っ張り方向の変形量が小さくなり、前記ミラーの表面精度を保つことができる。
条件式(2):A=10.4×10-6/K
条件式(3):B=8×10-6/K
条件式(4):τ=1.0mm
条件式(5):ρ=0.68g/cm3
条件式(6):t3/Wmin2=0.016
条件式(7):τ/(Wmax・Δβ)=296
図15~17は、樹脂製接着シートVHBの分布パターンを示す図である。図15に示す例においては、線状にカットした樹脂製接着シートVHBを、間隔をあけて山形に配置してなり、図16に示す例においては、矩形状にカットした樹脂製接着シートVHBの小片を、千鳥状にして縦横に並べたものであり、図17に示す例においては、矩形状にカットした樹脂製接着シートVHBの小片を、放射状に並べたものである。いずれの例においても、ミラーの面積が0.2m2以上ある場合、樹脂製接着シートVHBと密着する接着部分の面積が全面積の5%以上20%以下で、1箇所あたりの接着部分の小さい方の幅が50mm以下であると好ましい。
但し、wは間隔方向の単位長さあたりの基材SSの重量、Eは基材SSのヤング率、Iは基材SSの断面2次モーメントである。
また、基材SSの断面2次モーメントIは以下の式で表せる。
式(9),(10)を式(8)に代入すると、θmaxは以下のように表せる。
図32に示すように、θmaxの変化の様子はDの3乗に比例するためDの増加と共に急増する。
一方、隣接する樹脂製接着シートVHBの間隔Dを小さくすると、樹脂製接着シートVHBの数は等方的な分布であると仮定すると、図33に示すようにD2に反比例して増加する。
(実施例1)
表1に、ミラーに好適な実施例に用いる誘電体多層膜の膜厚データを示す。図18は、ガラス製の基材の入射面に、表1に示す誘電体多層膜を形成し、Cuを素材とする金属蒸着膜を基材の入射面とは反対側の面に形成した実施例において、入射角20度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図であり、図19は、同じ実施例において、入射角50度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図である。図20は、ガラス製の基材の入射面に、表1に示す誘電体多層膜を形成し、Auを素材とする金属蒸着膜を基材の入射面とは反対側の面に形成した実施例において、入射角20度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図であり、図21は、同じ実施例において、入射角50度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図である。図22は、ガラス製の基材の入射面に、表1に示す誘電体多層膜を形成し、Alを素材とする金属蒸着膜を基材の入射面とは反対側の面に形成した実施例において、入射角20度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図であり、図23は、同じ実施例において、入射角50度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図である。誘電体多層膜とAl金属蒸着膜を組み合わせた実施例では、平均反射率は入射光の波長が400~1000nmの範囲で95%以上、1000~2000nmの長波長域で平均反射率が90%以上であった。それ以外の実施例では、誘電体多層膜と金属蒸着膜との組み合わせで、入射光の波長400~2000nmの広帯域にわたって95%以上の平均反射率を得ることができた。
表2に、ミラーに好適な実施例に用いる誘電体多層膜の膜厚データを示す。図24は、ガラス製の基材の入射面に、表1に示す実施例と比較例の誘電体多層膜を形成した場合において、入射角20度及び50度で光を入射させた際の反射特性を示す図である。図24より明らかであるが、実施例の誘電体多層膜を用いた場合、400~2000nmの広帯域にわたって95%以上の平均反射率を有する。尚、実施例の誘電体多層膜における高屈折率層(Si)は、入射光の波長0.8μm~2.4μmの範囲内で、屈折率が4.06~3.53であり、低屈折率層(SiO2)は、入射光の波長0.8μm~2.4μmの範囲内で、屈折率が1.45~1.43である。
2 支持タワー
3 熱交換施設
4 集光鏡
5 ヘリオスタット
6 支柱
7 フォーク
8 リング状レール
9 回転プーリ
10 押さえプーリ
11 モータ
12 タイミングベルト
13 凹面鏡
14 円形パイプ
15 回転軸
16 円弧状レール
17 回転プーリ
18 押さえプーリ
19 動力プーリ
20 モータ
21 タイミングベルト
22 アーム
23 センサ
31 下部開口
HC ハニカムコア
L 太陽光
M ミラー
OS ミラー構造体
PT1,PT2 表面板
SS 基材
VHB 樹脂製接着テープ
Claims (7)
- 入射する最大放射照度が5kW/m2以上の環境下で使用し、面積が0.2m2以上のミラー構造体であって、
ミラーと、支持体と、該ミラーと該支持体とを接着する樹脂製接着シートとを有し、
前記ミラーは板状の基材の少なくとも入射光側面に誘電体多層膜が形成されており、前記ミラーの平均反射率は入射光の波長が400~1000nmの範囲で95%以上であることを特徴とするミラー構造体。 - 複数の前記樹脂製接着シートが離散配置され、前記樹脂製接着シートにより形成される接着領域の隣接する2つの接着領域間の最短間隔をD、前記基材の比重をSρ、前記基材のヤング率をE、前記基材の厚みをtとしたとき、下記の条件式を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のミラー構造体。
0.05×3√(Et2/Sρ)<D<0.2×3√(Et2/Sρ) - 前記樹脂製接着シートの耐熱温度は120℃以上200℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のミラー構造体。
- 前記樹脂製接着シートの破断伸び率が400%以上である場合において、前記支持体の表面を構成している表面板の線膨張率をA、前記基材の線膨張率をB、前記樹脂製接着シートの厚さをτとしたとき、下記の条件式を満足することを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のミラー構造体。
10×10-6/K<A<20×10-6/K
3×10-6/K<B<9×10-6/K
0.3(mm)<τ<2.0(mm) - 前記ミラーは、入射光線方向から見たときに、前記支持体の全てを覆っていることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のミラー構造体。
- 前記ミラーと前記支持体に接着する前記樹脂製接着シートの接着部分の面積が全面積の5%以上20%以下で前記接着部分は分散しており、1箇所あたりの接着部分の小さい方の幅が50mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のミラー構造体。
- 前記表面板の線膨張率は12×10-6/Kより小さく、前記基材の線膨張率は3×10-6/Kより大きいことを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のミラー構造体。
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JP2009543306A JPWO2010004954A1 (ja) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-06 | ミラー構造体 |
EP09760452A EP2187245A1 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-06 | Mirror structure |
US12/664,882 US8292443B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-06 | Mirror structure |
CN200980000443A CN101743490A (zh) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-06 | 反射镜结构体 |
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JP2010055058A (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-03-11 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 広帯域反射鏡 |
EP2236955A1 (de) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-06 | Richard Metzler | Photovoltaik-Anordnung |
JP2011175144A (ja) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-09-08 | Mitaka Koki Co Ltd | ビームダウン型太陽集光装置の二次ミラー |
WO2011132776A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 三鷹光器株式会社 | ヘリオスタット |
WO2011162154A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | 太陽熱発電用反射板 |
JP2012038953A (ja) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-23 | Mitaka Koki Co Ltd | 集光型太陽光発電システム |
US20130068881A1 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2013-03-21 | Donald Bennett Hilliard | Solar concentrator and associated energy conversion apparatus |
JP2020502582A (ja) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-01-23 | マックス−プランク−ゲゼルシャフト ツール フォーデルング デル ヴィッセンシャフテン エー.ヴェー. | ミラーおよびその製造方法 |
JP2022500706A (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2022-01-04 | 福州高意光学有限公司Fuzhou Photop Optics Co., Ltd | 広角アプリケーション高反射ミラー |
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AU2010303403A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2012-05-03 | Robert Orsello | Method and system for concentration of solar thermal energy |
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JP2010055058A (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-03-11 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 広帯域反射鏡 |
EP2236955A1 (de) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-06 | Richard Metzler | Photovoltaik-Anordnung |
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WO2011162154A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | 太陽熱発電用反射板 |
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JP2020502582A (ja) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-01-23 | マックス−プランク−ゲゼルシャフト ツール フォーデルング デル ヴィッセンシャフテン エー.ヴェー. | ミラーおよびその製造方法 |
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EP2187245A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
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US8292443B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
US20100182709A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
AU2009251105A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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