WO2010000533A1 - Kratz- und abriebfeste beschichtungen auf polymeren oberflächen mit katalytisch beschleunigter härtung - Google Patents
Kratz- und abriebfeste beschichtungen auf polymeren oberflächen mit katalytisch beschleunigter härtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010000533A1 WO2010000533A1 PCT/EP2009/055672 EP2009055672W WO2010000533A1 WO 2010000533 A1 WO2010000533 A1 WO 2010000533A1 EP 2009055672 W EP2009055672 W EP 2009055672W WO 2010000533 A1 WO2010000533 A1 WO 2010000533A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- components
- coating system
- weight
- weight fraction
- Prior art date
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- -1 3-glycidyloxypropyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRTKQUHFGZFPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HRTKQUHFGZFPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XXRYCTLIBWASPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.ClO.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound O.ClO.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC XXRYCTLIBWASPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000540 fraction c Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001272720 Medialuna californiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007759 kiss coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006120 scratch resistant coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coating system which forms accelerated, scratch-resistant, hard surface coatings via sol-gel technology on a wide variety of polymers, and to a process for producing such surface coatings.
- scratch hardness is meant here and below the resistance of the surface coating of a material to the application of scratches, which is determined with a hardness test rod.
- This consists of a sleeve in which a coil spring is inserted, which can be clamped with different degrees of strength by means of a slider.
- the set spring force acts on an engraving pin, the tip of which protrudes from the sleeve.
- the slider is fixed with a clamping screw, thus keeping the tension of the spring constant.
- the engraving pin can be loaded to different degrees and thus the tip can be pressed onto the surface coating with a defined force.
- the hardness test rod type 318 from ERICHSEN GmbH & Co KG, Am Iserbach 14, D-58675 Hemer is used.
- the tip of the engraving pin is made of tungsten carbide and rounded to a diameter of 0.75 mm.
- an estimated or already known spring force is set on a scale along the hardness test rod and tightened the clamping screw.
- the hardness test rod is then placed vertically with the tip on the surface coating of the material and pulled at about 10 mm / s a 5 to 10 mm long distance.
- the hardness test rod is pressed in such a way that the tip of the engraving pin is pushed into the sleeve up to the collar.
- Abrasion resistance is understood here and below to mean the weight loss, measured in% by weight, which the surface coating of a material suffers due to abrasion caused under defined conditions.
- This abrasion is effected by two friction wheels whose faces have a defined roughness and which are rubbed over the surface coating with a defined number of revolutions with a bearing force defined by the mass of the friction wheel.
- the apparatus used is described and available from TABER INDUSTRIES (455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, New York 14120, USA, http://www.taberindustries.com).
- DE 38 28 098 A1 describes the production of scratch-resistant materials starting from organofunctional silanes and at least one aluminum alkoxide.
- a composition obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of at least one aluminum compound and at least one organofunctional silane is applied to a substrate and cured by heating.
- a particular step in the preparation of the composition is that it must be precondensed by the addition of water in a substoichiometric ratio before the composition is applied to the substrate. The water must be added in several stages to avoid unwanted precipitation.
- a combination of alkoxides of Al, Ti and / or Zr with at least one organofunctional silane is described in US 4,746,366. This combination is precondensed by the gradual addition of water. The hydrolysis products are removed from the combination under vacuum. The product thus obtained is applied to a substrate and cured by heating for a period of several minutes to two hours.
- Coating materials for producing abrasion-resistant protective layers on substrates made of plastic are described in DE 199 52 040 A1, DE 102 457 25 A1, DE 102 457 26 A1 and DE 102 457 29 A1.
- the lacquer disclosed in these documents must be precondensed in at least two layers, namely a so-called scratch-resistant or base layer and a topcoat, and then at least partially cured.
- the time for the precondensation can be shortened by the addition of a condensation accelerator.
- To cure the coating formed from these layers but still times of 30 - 200 minutes at a temperature of 110 - 130 0 C required, although suitable for coating of individual parts or plate goods, but are still far too long for continuous film coating.
- the paint can be cured thermally or by irradiation with UV light within 120 seconds.
- This object is surprisingly achieved by a coating system which undergoes an organic crosslinking in a sol-gel process in addition to the condensation to Si-O-Si bonds, and its curing time in the presence of a catalyst and an additive over the prior art drastically is shortened.
- the present invention thus relates to a coating system comprising two components A and B, wherein component A comprises at least one reaction product of the proportions 834
- Y (1) 3-glycidyloxypropyl
- Ri, R 2 , R 3 identical or different alkyl groups with 1 to 6
- Acids, and the component B at least one reaction product from the proportion Ba) silane of the general
- Bb) additive selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, contains, and at least one of the components A, B additionally the proportions d) at least one inorganic filler, and e) a solvent having a boiling point at a temperature ⁇ 85 0 C.
- the present invention also provides a process for producing a surface coating on a polymeric surface, which is characterized in that the proportions of components A and B of the coating system according to the invention
- step (ii) the composition obtained in step (i) is stored, and subsequently
- step (iii) applying the composition obtained in step (ii) to the substrate, and subsequently
- the inventive method has the advantage that the coating compositions must be applied only once on the plastic surface in order to obtain desired scratch or abrasion resistance.
- the coating method according to the invention thus enables the continuous production of coated plastic surfaces, for example films, in a roll-to-roll process, without having to apply or rework coatings repeatedly, as in the prior art.
- Another object of the present invention is the coating obtained by the method according to the invention. 200700834
- the subject of the present invention is a coating comprising silicon-oxygen-silicon bonds, which is characterized in that the coating has a Weinmann scratch hardness of 5 N to 11 N.
- the subject of the present invention is an article having at least one polymeric surface which has the coating according to the invention.
- the present invention is also the use of the article according to the invention for the cladding of apparatus, fittings, instruments, measuring instruments, sanitary equipment, kitchen appliances, household appliances, vehicle interior, cockpits, displays, viewing windows or furniture, as well as the use of the article according to the invention as a plate, shell, Molded part, housing, knob, lever, foot, door, lid, floor, side walls, handle, decorative insert or splash guard.
- An advantage of the coating system of the present invention is that the coating system according to none of steps (i) - (iii) of the method according to the invention, the known in the art from the prior art, undesirable gelation and thus applied with reduced mechanical complexity in thin layers can.
- Another advantage of the coating system according to the invention is that the coating system hardens after the implementation of the method according to the invention in a time of 20 to 30 seconds.
- plastic surfaces can be coated over the prior art significantly increased, for example, doubled belt speeds.
- this time can be shorter for the curing of the coating system according to the invention than in the prior art 200700834
- Another advantage of the method of the present invention is that the surface coating must be applied only once to obtain a crack-free and seamless surface coating.
- a crack-free surface coating is understood as meaning a surface coating which, in a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) image of the surface of the surface coating with a magnification factor of 10,000, does not reveal a crack, with 10 different locations on the surface being assessed.
- SEM scanning electron micrograph
- a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that no blocking or postcuring of the cured coating occurs in comparison with the prior art. After curing, the goods can be rolled up or stacked immediately, without touching or sticking together touching surfaces.
- the method of the present invention also has the advantage that the measurement of the Weinmann scratch hardness on the surface coating according to the invention leads to substantially better results compared to coatings according to the prior art.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the pressure remains up to a Weinmann scratch hardness of 20 N without damage.
- applied prior art coatings on printed PVC films already causes a force above 2.5 N damage to the pressure. 200700834
- the present invention is a coating system comprising two components A and B, wherein the component A at least one reaction product of the proportions
- Y (1) 3-glycidyloxypropyl
- R 1, R 2, R 3 identical or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6
- Acids, and the component B at least one reaction product from the proportion Ba) silane of the general
- Bb) additive selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, contains, and at least one of the components A, B additionally the proportions d) at least one inorganic filler, and e) a solvent having a boiling point at a temperature ⁇ 85 0 C.
- the proportions d) and e) may preferably be contained in B.
- This embodiment of the coating system according to the invention has the advantage that the coating system can be stored for a long period of time, preferably 1 hour to 30 days, particularly preferably 1 day to 10 days.
- radicals Ri, R2, R3 and / or R'i, R ' 2 , R'3 of the coating system according to the invention are at least equal in pairs.
- the proportion Ab) of the coating system according to the invention may preferably be selected from aqueous nitric acid.
- the proportions of the proportions Ab), Ac) can be selected so that 99 parts of water (for Ab)) and 1 part of catalyst (for Ac)) are used.
- the proportions of the proportions Aa), Ac) can be selected so that 1000 parts of GLYEO (for Aa)) and 1 part of catalyst (for Ac)) are used.
- the proportions of the proportions Ab), Ac), and Aa) can be selected so that 99 parts of water (for Ab)) and 1 part of catalyst (for Ac)) and 1000 parts of GLYEO (for Aa)) are used.
- the inorganic filler content d) of the coating system according to the invention is selected from SiO 2, TiO 2, ZnO, Al 2 O 3, BaSO 4, CeO 2, ZrO 2, CaCO 3, or a mixture of these fillers, ,
- the inorganic filler is 5 o 10 have an average primary particle size d - having 2000 nm.
- primary particles are understood to be particles which are neither agglomerations nor aggregations of smaller particles.
- the inorganic filler may comprise a mixture of primary particles and agglomerated and / or aggregated particles.
- the proportion d) may consist of primary particles.
- Very particular preference d) can consist of primary particles which have a primary particle size d 5 ovon of 10 to 200 nm. 200700834
- the additive Bb) of the coating system according to the invention may preferably be selected from tetraethylammonium fluoride dihydrate, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride trihydrate, hexa-decylmethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chlorohydrate monohydrate, tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate (US Pat.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds accelerate the ring-opening reaction on the epoxide, increase the degree of crosslinking and shorten the curing time as soon as step (iv) of the process according to the invention is carried out.
- the fraction e) of the coating system according to the invention can particularly preferably be selected from ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, or a mixture of these alcohols, or selected from methyl ethyl ketone.
- This selection has the advantage that the solvent slightly dissolves the substrate on which the coating system is applied, preferably the plastic film, and thus improves the adhesion of the coating obtained after carrying out the method according to the invention.
- At least one of the components A, B of the coating system according to the invention may advantageously comprise a further fraction c) at least one reaction product of a further silane 200700834
- Another object of the present invention is a process for producing a surface coating on a substrate, which is characterized in that the proportions of the components A and B of the coating system according to the invention (i) are combined, and then (ii) that obtained in step (i) The composition is stored, and then (iii) the composition obtained in step (ii) is applied to the substrate, and then (iv) cured there.
- step (i) of the process according to the invention the proportions of components A and B and fractions d) and e) can be combined in any desired order.
- step (i) the components of component A are first combined, then the components of component B are combined, and then components A and B are combined, and then components d) and e) are added thereto.
- step (i) first all shares except Ac) and Bb), and then the proportions Ac) and Bb) thereto. 200700834
- the components and fractions may be brought together by stirring, kneading, by Scandex, static mixer, shaker, or by a combination.
- the components and fractions are brought together by stirring.
- the components and fractions can furthermore be mixed particularly advantageously by stirring in a propeller stirrer, inclined blade stirrer, disc stirrer, impeller stirrer, crossblower stirrer, anchor stirrer, blade stirrer, lattice stirrer, helical stirrer, toothed disc stirrer, turbine stirrer, half-moon stirrer or fan stirrer.
- stirring techniques which introduce little or no ambient gas into the composition and / or in which little heat energy is introduced into the composition can be used particularly advantageously in the process according to the invention.
- Propeller stirrer, inclined blade stirrer, disc stirrer, impeller stirrer, crossbar stirrer, anchor stirrer, blade stirrer, lattice stirrer, helical stirrer or toothed disc stirrer, very particularly preferably propeller stirrer, disc stirrer or impeller stirrer, can very particularly preferably be used in the process according to the invention.
- the components and fractions have low shear rates over a period of from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably from 2 to 8 minutes, particularly preferably from 3 to 7 minutes, very particularly preferably from 4 to 6 minutes, exceptionally preferably from 4.8 to 5.2 minutes are brought together.
- the composition obtained in step (i) may be stored for a period of from 30 minutes to 2 days, more preferably from 4 hours to 1 day under ambient temperature and exclusion of air. 200700834
- step (iii) of the process according to the invention the composition obtained in step (ii) can preferably be applied to the substrate by dipping, brushing, knife coating, brushing, rolling, reverse roll coating, kiss coating, casting, flooding or spraying Plate, tape or films particularly preferably by casting or flooding.
- the composition obtained in step (ii) may preferably be applied to a solid substrate which contains or is glass, quartz glass, metal, stone, wood, concrete, paper, textiles or plastic.
- a plastic e.g. Polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylate, polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyacetal (POM), or a mixture of these polymers are used ,
- polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), or a mixture of these polyesters can be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PHB polyhydroxybutyrate
- Polyamide 6 can be polyamide 6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, or a mixture of these polyamides.
- polyimide Kapton® As a polyimide Kapton® can be used.
- polyacrylate polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) may preferably be used.
- this composition can be applied to at least one surface of a substrate, the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), PVC, PET, PE, PC, PMMA, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), polystyrene, or a combination these polymers or copolymers contains or is.
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- PVC acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- PET PET
- PE PE
- PC styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
- SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
- polystyrene or a combination these polymers or copolymers contains or is.
- the composition applied to the substrate in step (iii) can be advantageously hardened by flowing with gas or air, preferably ambient air, and / or by irradiation with electromagnetic energy.
- gas or air preferably ambient air
- irradiation with electromagnetic energy preferably ultraviolet energy.
- the relative humidity may be preferred 200700834
- the applied layer can be dried until the weight of the substrate with the applied layer or the applied layers no longer changes.
- the applied layer can be dried in an oven.
- the applied layer can be dried by flowing it with warmed gas or heated air.
- the curing can also be carried out by irradiation with electromagnetic energy, preferably microwaves, or IR radiation.
- steps (i) - (iv) of the method according to the invention may also be advantageous to repeat steps (i) - (iv) of the method according to the invention at least once.
- step (iv) the electromagnetic energy with irradiation periods of 1 s to 60 s, preferably from 2 s to 50 s, more preferably from 5 s to 10 s is used.
- the irradiation time can preferably be realized by switching the energy source on and off, further preferably by opening and closing with a diaphragm mounted in front of the emission opening of the energy source.
- the composition applied in the form of a layer can preferably be irradiated with electromagnetic energy from 1 times to 50 times, more preferably from 2 times to 5 times or 5 times to 10 times.
- the durations of the electromagnetic energy irradiation and any combination of the durations are equal or unequal.
- the radiation powers and any combination of the radiation powers are the same or 200700834
- the wavelengths and each combination of the wavelengths or frequencies and each combination of frequencies are equal or unequal.
- microwaves are used in step (iv) of the method according to the invention, it may also be advantageous if equal and / or unequal frequencies of 550 MHz to 25 GHz, preferably from 750 MHz to 15 GHz, particularly preferably from 900 MHz to 12 GHz , more preferably from 1, 2 GHz to 10.5 GHz, very particularly preferably frequencies are used, which are ISM frequencies.
- IR radiation is used in step (iv) of the method according to the invention, it may be advantageous to use wavelengths of 1 to 5000 .mu.m, preferably 2 to 2000 .mu.m, particularly preferably 5 to 1000 .mu.m. Very particular preference is given to using IR radiation generated by halogen lamps.
- steps (i) - (iv) are repeated more than once, it may be advantageous, after carrying out step (iii) to carry out step (iv), a period of 1-3O s to wait from 10 to 20 s.
- step (iv) can be carried out by passing the substrate with the composition through a localized area in which the electromagnetic energy is radiated at a defined rate.
- the substrate with the composition according to the invention is guided in a roll-to-roll process through the electromagnetic energy irradiated localized area.
- the composition in the process of the invention in step (iv), may be heated to a temperature of from 60 ° C to 150 ° C, whereby the composition is cured.
- the composition in step (iv), may be cured by heating for a period of from 1 to 60 seconds, more preferably from 5 to 10 seconds.
- the additive Bb) is selected from tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chlorohydrate monohydrate, tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate (99%), or a mixture of these additives, it may 200700834
- this additive or these additives with a weight fraction of 0.5 to 1, 5 wt .-%, preferably from 1 to 1, 5 wt .-%, wherein the amount is in each case based on the coating system and with the proviso that the sum of the weight fractions in the components taken together is 100%.
- the additive Bb) is selected from tetraethylammonium fluoride dihydrate, it may be advantageous in the process according to the invention to use this additive with a weight fraction of from 1.3 to 1.75% by weight, preferably from 1.4 to 1.6 Wt .-%, particularly preferably from 1, 5 to 1, 55 wt .-%, most preferably 1, 54 wt .-% use, wherein the amount specified in each case based on the coating system, and with the proviso that the sum the weight proportions in the components taken together is 100%.
- the additive Bb) is selected from tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride trihydrate, it may be advantageous in the process according to the invention to use this additive with a weight fraction of from 1.3 to 1.75% by weight, preferably from 1.4 to 1 , 6 wt .-%, most preferably 1, 5 wt .-% use, wherein the amount is in each case based on the coating system, and with the proviso that the sum of the weight fractions in the components taken together gives 100%.
- the additive Bb) is selected from hexa-decyltrimethylammoniumbromid, it may be advantageous in the process according to the invention, this additive with a weight fraction of 0.75 to 1, 25 wt .-%, preferably from 0.9 to 1, 1 wt. %, very particularly preferably 1, 0 wt .-% use, wherein the quantity is in each case based on the coating system, and with the proviso that the sum of the weight fractions in the components taken together is 100%.
- At least one of components A, B contains fraction c) with a weight fraction of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, the quantity being based on the coating system, and with the proviso that that the sum of the weight parts taken together is 100%, is mixed.
- paint binders selected from melamine resin, acrylate or a mixture of these paint binders, with a weight fraction of 0.001 to 15 wt .-%, and / or g) epoxy resin having a weight fraction of 0.001 to 15 wt .-%, wherein the amount specified in each case based on the coating system, and with the proviso that the sum of the total weight parts together gives 100%, are admixed.
- At least one of components A, B as further fraction h) is an inorganic UV absorber selected from zinc oxide, cerium oxide or titanium dioxide, or a mixture of these inorganic absorbers, and / or an organic UV Absorber selected from hydroxyphenylbenzothazole, hydroxybenzophenone, HALS stabilizers, or a mixture of these organic absorbers, and in step (iv) the composition is treated with UV rays.
- an inorganic UV absorber selected from zinc oxide, cerium oxide or titanium dioxide, or a mixture of these inorganic absorbers
- organic UV Absorber selected from hydroxyphenylbenzothazole, hydroxybenzophenone, HALS stabilizers, or a mixture of these organic absorbers
- the fraction h) in the process according to the invention may preferably be used with a weight fraction of from 0.5 to 5% by weight, the amount given being based on the coating system, and with the proviso that the sum of the total weight fractions together amounts to 100% , 200700834
- the present invention also provides a coating comprising silicon-oxygen-silicon bonds, which is characterized in that the coating has a Weinmann scratch hardness of 5 to 20 N.
- This coating preferably has a scratch hardness of from 6 to 10 N, particularly preferably from 6 to 7 N, more preferably from 7 to 8 N, further particularly preferably from 8 to 9 N, even more preferably from 7 to 10 N, furthermore particularly preferably from 9 to 10 N have.
- the coating according to the invention may have an abrasion resistance of from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
- the coating according to the invention may preferably have a layer thickness of 1-10 ⁇ m.
- Layer thickness is understood to be the layer thickness obtained after step (iv) of the method according to the invention.
- the coating according to the invention comprises an inorganic filler in the form of particles which have a homogeneous distribution.
- the coating according to the invention can have a ductility of 0.5 to 10%.
- the coating according to the invention preferably has thermal weldability.
- the coating according to the invention is also not damaged or even lost in semifinished products which are to be further processed by welding or other heat-carrying melting or bonding techniques. 200700834
- the subject of the present invention is also an article having at least one polymeric surface which has the coating according to the invention.
- the article according to the invention can preferably be selected from plate goods, ribbon goods, film or a single part, particularly preferably a film.
- the polymeric surface of the article of the invention may be selected from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), PVC, PET, PE, PC, PMMA, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), polystyrene, or a combination of these polymeric surfaces.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the article according to the invention for the cladding of appliances, fittings, instruments, measuring instruments, sanitary appliances, kitchen appliances, household appliances, vehicle interiors, cockpits, displays, viewing windows or furniture, as well as the use of the article according to the invention as a plate, shell, Molded part, housing, knob, lever, foot, door, lid, floor, side walls, handle, decorative insert or splash guard.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09772233A EP2297260A1 (de) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | Kratz- und abriebfeste beschichtungen auf polymeren oberflächen mit katalytisch beschleunigter härtung |
US13/002,622 US20110177350A1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | Scratch- and wear-resistant coating on polymer surfaces with catalytically accelerated hardening |
CN2009801256949A CN102083927B (zh) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | 在聚合物表面上的具有催化加速硬化的耐划痕和耐磨损涂层 |
CA 2729637 CA2729637C (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | Scratch- and wear-resistant coating on polymer surfaces with catalytically accelerated hardening |
JP2011515266A JP2011526314A (ja) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | 硬化が触媒により促進されたポリマー表面上の耐引掻性および耐摩耗性の被覆 |
IL209464A IL209464A (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2010-11-21 | Coating resistant to abrasion and abrasion on polymer surfaces with hardness accelerated by precipitating material and method of coating production |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008040162A DE102008040162A1 (de) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Kratz- und abriebfeste Beschichtungen auf polymeren Oberflächen mit katalytisch beschleunigter Härtung |
DE102008040162.5 | 2008-07-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010000533A1 true WO2010000533A1 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
Family
ID=41338619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/055672 WO2010000533A1 (de) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-05-11 | Kratz- und abriebfeste beschichtungen auf polymeren oberflächen mit katalytisch beschleunigter härtung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110177350A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2297260A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011526314A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102083927B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2729637C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008040162A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL209464A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010000533A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007009589A1 (de) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Glänzender und kratzfester Nagellack durch Zusatz von Silanen |
KR101122922B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-13 | 2012-03-21 | 정협화 | 필름 코팅용 페이스트 및 이를 이용하여 복원 기능을 갖는 보호필름을 제조하는 방법 |
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DE102005052938A1 (de) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-10 | Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten mit Beschichtungssystemen enthaltend reaktive hydrophobe anorganische Füllstoffe |
DE102006001641A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Substrate mit bioziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften |
DE102006001639A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit elektromagnetisch abschirmenden Eigenschaften |
DE102006001640A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit IR-Strahlung reflektierenden Eigenschaften |
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US4378250A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-03-29 | Treadway Gerald D | Organosilicone coating compositions |
DE3407087C3 (de) | 1984-02-27 | 1994-07-07 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und Lack zur Herstellung von kratzfesten Beschichtungen |
DE3828098A1 (de) | 1988-08-18 | 1990-03-08 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und zusammensetzung zur herstellung von kratzfesten materialien |
DE3917535A1 (de) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-12-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur herstellung kratzfester materialien und zusammensetzung hierfuer |
DE4011045A1 (de) | 1990-04-05 | 1991-10-10 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum beschichten von kunststoffsubstraten und lack zur verwendung in diesem verfahren |
US5232964A (en) * | 1991-11-12 | 1993-08-03 | Dow Corning Corporation | Tintable abrasion resistant coating compositions |
JP2849044B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-23 | 1999-01-20 | 東芝シリコーン株式会社 | 皮膜形成シリコーンエマルジョン組成物 |
DE19952040A1 (de) | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-03 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Substrat mit einem abriebfesten Diffusionssperrschichtsystem |
JP2001253019A (ja) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-18 | Teijin Ltd | 耐擦傷性に優れた高分子樹脂積層体およびその成形物 |
DE10245726A1 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kratzfest-Schichtsystems |
DE10245725A1 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Schichtsystem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE10245729A1 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Beschichtungszusammensetzung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
JP3954582B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-03 | 2007-08-08 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 硬化性樹脂組成物 |
DE102006027480A1 (de) * | 2006-06-14 | 2008-01-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Kratz- und abriebfeste Beschichtungen auf polymeren Oberflächen |
-
2008
- 2008-07-04 DE DE102008040162A patent/DE102008040162A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-05-11 WO PCT/EP2009/055672 patent/WO2010000533A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-05-11 EP EP09772233A patent/EP2297260A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-11 CA CA 2729637 patent/CA2729637C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-11 US US13/002,622 patent/US20110177350A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-11 CN CN2009801256949A patent/CN102083927B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-11 JP JP2011515266A patent/JP2011526314A/ja active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-11-21 IL IL209464A patent/IL209464A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
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DE102005052938A1 (de) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-10 | Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten mit Beschichtungssystemen enthaltend reaktive hydrophobe anorganische Füllstoffe |
DE102006001641A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Substrate mit bioziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften |
DE102006001639A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit elektromagnetisch abschirmenden Eigenschaften |
DE102006001640A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit IR-Strahlung reflektierenden Eigenschaften |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL209464A0 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
CN102083927A (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
CA2729637C (en) | 2014-01-07 |
IL209464A (en) | 2014-08-31 |
CA2729637A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
JP2011526314A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
CN102083927B (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
DE102008040162A1 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
US20110177350A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2297260A1 (de) | 2011-03-23 |
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