WO2009140846A1 - 一种自卸车厢 - Google Patents

一种自卸车厢 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009140846A1
WO2009140846A1 PCT/CN2008/073878 CN2008073878W WO2009140846A1 WO 2009140846 A1 WO2009140846 A1 WO 2009140846A1 CN 2008073878 W CN2008073878 W CN 2008073878W WO 2009140846 A1 WO2009140846 A1 WO 2009140846A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
car body
car
rear cover
cover
fixed pulleys
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/073878
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵永胜
Original Assignee
Zhao Yongsheng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CNU2008201151865U external-priority patent/CN201220619Y/zh
Priority claimed from CNU2008201276396U external-priority patent/CN201245105Y/zh
Application filed by Zhao Yongsheng filed Critical Zhao Yongsheng
Publication of WO2009140846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009140846A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • B60P1/26—Means for controlling movement of tailboards or sideboards

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of automobiles, and more particularly to a dump truck. Background technique
  • the transportation vehicle generally uses the integral reversing car shown in Figure 1 to unload the cargo, that is, the front end of the car is provided with a hydraulic jacking device, and the rear end of the car is provided with a back cover that can be automatically opened.
  • the cylinder front end of the car As a result, the cargo in the compartment slides down to the rear of the compartment by its own weight and slides out from under the automatically opened rear cover.
  • the cargo in the car is easy to accumulate at the rear of the car and interfere with the rear cover of the car, which makes the unloading difficult, especially in the car interior. This is especially true when there is a large cargo.
  • a variety of dump trucks have been designed, such as rollovers, center-symmetrical bottom unloading, etc., but these compartments have the disadvantages of complicated structure, complicated operation, and high manufacturing cost. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a dump truck which has a simple structure, is easy to operate, can smoothly unload large-volume cargo, and has high stability of the vehicle body when unloading.
  • a dump truck of the present invention comprises a car body, a rear cover and a front hydraulic lifting device, wherein the car body is provided with a rear cover hoisting lifting device, and the rear cover hoisting lifting device is used for lifting the rear cover.
  • the front end hydraulic jacking device lifts the front end of the car body and unloads the cargo, the delivery port of the tail of the car body increases.
  • the rear cover hoisting lifting device comprises ten fixed pulleys, one steel wire rope and a hydraulic lifting device, wherein the ten fixed pulleys comprise a pair of fixed pulleys symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rear end of the rear end of the car body, a pair of fixed pulleys symmetrically disposed on two sides of the rear portion of the car base, and two pairs of guide pulleys symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rear cover; the wire rope forms a closed loop structure through the 10 fixed pulleys, and the wire rope is connected with the hydraulic device
  • the back cover is lifted by the action of the hydraulic device to pull the wire rope;
  • the back cover includes an upper beam, a cover plate and two side support plates, and the cover plate is hingedly hinged on the upper beam, and the side support plates are respectively connected with the upper beam
  • the two ends are fixedly connected, the two pairs of guide fixed pulleys are dislocated on the two side supports, and the two pairs of guide fixed pulleys are
  • the rear cover hoisting lifting device comprises two steel wire ropes and three pairs of fixed pulleys, wherein the three pairs of fixed pulleys comprise a pair of fixed pulleys arranged on both sides of the top end of the rear end of the car body, and a rear portion of the car base a pair of fixed pulleys symmetrically disposed on both sides, and a pair of fixed pulleys symmetrically disposed on two sides of the front portion of the car base; one end of the wire rope is fixedly connected to a lower portion of the side end of the rear cover, and is disposed on the same side of the car body After the three fixed pulleys, the other end is fixedly connected with the front end of the car body; the rear cover comprises an upper beam, a cover plate and two side support plates, and the cover plate is hingedly hinged on the upper beam, and the side support plates are respectively The two ends of the upper cross member are fixedly connected to each other, and one end of the two steel wire ropes is respectively connected with the lower portions of the
  • a dump truck comprises a front car body, a rear car body and a front end hydraulic jacking device, wherein the top ends of the front car body and the rear car body are hingedly connected and integrally combined into a car body structure, and the front end hydraulic jacking device is used for unloading
  • the front car body is jacked up, and the lower portion of the rear car body is provided with a rear end hydraulic device for lifting it up.
  • the rear end of the rear bucket is further provided with a rear cover device
  • the rear cover device includes a support, a transition link, a rear cover and a hook
  • the support is fixedly disposed at an upper end of the rear end of the rear bucket
  • One end of the transition link is movably hinged to the support, the other end of which is movably hinged to the rear cover, the hook is disposed at a lower end of the rear cover, and the hook is interlocked with the car structure, when the car When the body structure is smoothly placed on the vehicle body, the hook is caught by the lower end of the rear cover, and the hook is detached when the car body structure is supported.
  • the back cover device further includes a support block, which is a slot structure fixedly disposed on the rear hat, for supporting the transition link and limiting the position of the transition link .
  • the interface between the front car and the rear car is a slope or a vertical surface.
  • a lower portion of the rear bucket is provided with a load switch rotatably coupled to the base of the vehicle, the load switch is provided with a load end and a locking end, and the load end is for receiving the weight of the rear bucket, and the locking end is A switch locking device is provided. After the rear bucket closes the rear end of the car body, the load end of the load switch is pressed against the bottom of the rear hat, and the switch locking device locks the load switch to maintain the load state.
  • a lower portion of the rear bucket is provided with a hanging plate, and the hanging plate is matched with a hook.
  • the switch locking device is a latch locking mechanism or an eccentric locking mechanism, which is controlled by a hydraulic, pneumatic or manual method.
  • a discharge window is opened on a rear wall surface of the front car body.
  • the dumping car of the invention can adopt the whole car structure or adopt the combined structure of the front car body and the rear car body.
  • the combined structure of the car body is generally used, and the rear car body is first supported when unloading.
  • part of the cargo can be unloaded without supporting the front car, and the total weight of the cargo in the car body can be reduced, so that the center of gravity of the car body is relatively lowered when being lifted, thereby improving the stability of the vehicle when unloading, and at the same time, the rear compartment
  • the support of the bucket increases the delivery port, which is convenient for the unloading of large cargo.
  • the structure of the compartment can be directly supported by the rear cover device to unload the cargo, thereby improving the speed of unloading.
  • the structure of the rear compartment is set so that the vehicle can load more cargo and improve transportation capacity.
  • the weight of the rear bucket is received by setting the weight switch, so that the number of cargo in the compartment is increased by the rear bucket, and the delivery port is increased, so that the delivery is smooth, and the rear compartment is improved.
  • the safety of the bucket prevents it from being damaged by carrying too much weight, thereby improving the overall safety of the cabin.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a car in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a front view of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 3 is a rear elevational view of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the first embodiment when unloading
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a tail portion of a vehicle compartment when unloading in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 7 is a bottom view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 9 is a rear elevational view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the embodiment 2 when unloading
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the tail portion of the vehicle compartment during the unloading of the embodiment 2;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the vehicle body when the rear bucket is lifted in Embodiment 3;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the third embodiment when unloading
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 17 is a front elevational view of Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rear bucket when it is lifted in Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view of the vehicle in the sixth embodiment when unloading
  • Embodiment 20 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment in Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view of the unloading of the embodiment of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is an enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 17;
  • Figure 23 is an enlarged view of a portion B of Figure 19;
  • Figure 24 is an enlarged view of a portion C of Figure 20;
  • Figure 25 is an enlarged view of a portion D in Figure 21. detailed description
  • the dump truck of the present invention comprises a car body 1 and a rear cover 2, and the rear cover 2 includes an upper cross member 5, a cover body 18 and side support plates 16, 19, and the cover body 18 is hingedly hinged by a hinge 4.
  • the side support plates 16, 19 are respectively disposed on both sides of the longitudinal direction of the cover body 18, and are fixedly connected to the upper cross member 5, and two fixed pulleys 7 are disposed on the side edges of the side support plate 16 8 .
  • Two fixed pulleys 12 and 13 are disposed on the side of the side support plate 19 in a dislocation.
  • Guide grooves 17 are respectively disposed on two sides of the rear end of the car body 1,
  • the guiding groove 17 is used in combination with the side supporting plate 16
  • the guiding groove 20 is used together with the side supporting plate 19, and the side supporting plates 16, 19 are respectively inserted into the guiding grooves 17, 20 so that the rear cover 2 is mounted on the car body 1 On the rear end, the rear cover 2 can be moved along the guide groove.
  • a rear cover hoisting lifting device is respectively arranged on both sides of the rear end of the car body 1
  • the rear cover hoisting lifting device 21 comprises fixed pulleys 6, 9, 10, 7, 8, and the rear cover hoisting lifting device 23 comprises fixed pulleys 11, 14, 15, 12, 13 , wherein the fixed pulleys 6 , 11 They are respectively disposed on both sides of the top end of the rear end of the car body 1, and the fixed pulleys 9, 10 and 14, 15 are respectively arranged side by side on the two sides of the rear part of the car base; the wire rope 22 is successively passed through the fixed pulleys 6, 8, 7, 9, 15 11, 13, 12, 14, 10, 6, thereby forming a closed loop structure.
  • the bottom of the car body 1 is provided with a cylinder 3, and the wire rope 22 is connected with the piston rod of the cylinder 3, and the wire rope 22 can be pulled by the extension or contraction of the piston rod of the cylinder 3 to raise or lower the rear cover 2.
  • the fixed pulleys 7 and 12 are disposed opposite to each other with the central axis of the vehicle, and the fixed pulleys 8 and 13 are disposed opposite to each other with the central axis of the vehicle.
  • the fixed pulleys 6 and 11, the fixed pulleys 9 and 14, and the fixed pulleys 10 and 15 are disposed opposite each other with respect to the center axis of the passenger compartment.
  • the rear cover 2 is simple and convenient when the rear end of the vehicle is covered.
  • a card slot 27 is disposed below the rear end of the car body.
  • the card slot 27 has a bell mouth structure, and the opening thereof is large, so that the rear cover can be effectively lowered to enter the carding position.
  • the wire rope 22 is first tightened, and the wire rope 22 is pulled outward by the oil cylinder 3. Since the wire rope 22 is a closed-loop structure determined by a total length, as the wire rope 22 is pulled outward, in order to maintain the total length of the wire rope 22 The position of the fixed pulleys 7, 8 needs to be moved upward from the lower end to reduce the total amount of the wire rope wound around the entire pulley block, and the amount of wire rope saved can be balanced to balance the amount of the wire pulled, thereby driving the side supports 16, 19 The upward movement ensures the synchronization of the lifting of the rear cover 2 and improves the stability of the unloading.
  • the back cover hoisting synchronous lifting dump car of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and simple modification on the ordinary car frame under the premise of ensuring the increase of the delivery port, and the rear cover lift type dumping car of the invention Compared with ordinary cars, it can improve the efficiency by about 15%, and has a good market prospect.
  • Example 2
  • the dump truck of the present invention includes a car body 1 and a rear cover 28, and the rear cover 28 includes an upper cross member 38, a cover body 42 and a side support plate 29, and the cover body 42 is movably linked by a hinge 31.
  • the side support plates 29 are respectively disposed on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the cover body 42, and the upper end of the side support plate 29 is fixedly coupled to the upper cross member 38.
  • the rear cover hoisting lifting device 40, 41 is respectively disposed on both sides of the rear end of the car body 1, and the rear cover hoisting lifting device 40 includes a wire rope 39 and fixed pulleys 30, 32, 33, wherein the fixed pulley 40 is disposed in the car body a top end of the rear end, a fixed pulley 32 is disposed at a rear portion of the car base 43 , a fixed pulley 33 is disposed at a front portion of the car base 43 , and a wire rope 39 end is fixedly coupled to a lower portion of the cover 42 and passes through the fixed pulleys 30 , 32 . After 33, the other end is fixedly attached to the front end of the car 1.
  • the rear cover hoisting device 41 includes a wire rope 34 and fixed pulleys 35, 36, 37, wherein the fixed pulley 35 is disposed at the top of the rear end of the car body 1, and the fixed pulley 36 is disposed at the rear of the car base 43, the fixed pulley 37 is disposed at the front portion of the car base 43, the wire rope 34 is fixedly coupled to the lower portion of the cover 42 and is fixedly coupled to the front end of the car 1 via the fixed pulleys 35, 36, 37.
  • the fixed pulleys 30 and 35 are disposed at opposite positions on both sides of the car body 1, and the fixed pulleys 32 and 36 are disposed on both sides of the rear portion of the car base 43
  • the fixed pulleys 33 and 37 are disposed at opposite positions on the front sides of the car base 43; and the two ends of the wire ropes 39 and 34 are respectively fixedly coupled to the opposite sides of the lower side of the cover 42, And the position of the front end of the car body 1 is opposite.
  • the two sides of the rear end of the car body 1 are respectively provided with guide grooves 40.
  • the guide grooves 40 are used together with the side support plates 29, and the side support plates 29 are inserted into the guide grooves 40 so that the rear cover 28 is attached to the rear end of the car body 1. Upper, and the rear cover 28 can be moved along the guide groove 40.
  • the wire ropes 34 and 39 are first tightened, and the hydraulic jacking device at the front end of the vehicle body is activated to lift the car body 1 at this time, and one end of the wire ropes 34 and 39 moves upward with the front end of the car body 1, thereby
  • the rear cover 28 is pulled upward along the guiding groove 40, so that the back cover 28 is gradually pulled upward as the car body 1 is lifted up, and the rear cover 28 is pulled when the car body 1 is jacked up to reach the optimal unloading height. It has the highest position and its unloading port is the largest.
  • the height at which the rear cover 28 is pulled up can be set as needed, generally 2 times the height of the car, so that the car body is large in port, and it is convenient to unload large volume goods.
  • the rear cover hoisting synchronous lifting dump car of the invention does not adopt an additional condition under the premise of ensuring an increase of the delivery port.
  • the rear cover opening driving device has a simple structure and can be easily modified on a common car.
  • the rear cover lift dump car of the present invention can improve the efficiency by about 15% compared with the ordinary car, and has good performance. market expectation.
  • the dump car of the present invention includes a front car body 43 and a rear car body 44.
  • the interface between the front car body 43 and the rear car body 44 is a sloped surface, and the cross section of the rear car body 44 is triangular.
  • the top ends of the front car 43 and the rear car 44 are hingedly connected by a hinge shaft 48 and integrally combined into a car structure 49, and a lower portion of the rear car 44 is provided with a rear end hydraulic device 45 for lifting it up, and the rear end
  • the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic device 45 is disposed on the front car 43, so that when the cargo is unloaded, the rear bucket can support a higher height to facilitate the unloading of the cargo; the lower end of the front car 43 and the bottom plate of the car body
  • the front side of the front car 43 is also provided with a front end hydraulic device 46 for lifting it up by hinged connection of the hinge shaft 47.
  • the above-mentioned hinge shaft 48 can be disposed at any position on the top end of the car body structure 49 according to actual requirements.
  • the rear end hydraulic device 45 is first controlled to support the rear bucket 44 so that the cargo in the rear portion of the compartment is not moved in the front compartment 43.
  • this can greatly reduce the weight of the cargo in the car, and the structural arrangement of the rear bucket is increased to increase the unloading outlet of the rear-loading unloading vehicle, which facilitates the unloading of large cargo;
  • the front car body 43 is supported, and the rear car body 44 is also raised at the same time, which further increases the unloading outlet of the front car body 43 and improves the unloading speed, and since the rear part of the cargo has been unloaded, the cargo in the car body
  • the weight is reduced, the position of the center of gravity is relatively lowered, and the stability of the vehicle body when the cargo is subsequently unloaded is improved.
  • the dump car includes a front car body 50 and a rear car body 51.
  • the interface between the front car body 50 and the rear car body 51 is a sloped surface, and the cross section of the rear car body 44 is trapezoidal.
  • the top ends of the body 50 and the rear bucket 51 are hingedly connected by a hinge shaft 52 and integrally combined into a single car structure.
  • the other structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and is a rear bucket that is lengthened by 1/8 to 1/10 of the length of the car on the basis of the conventional car, so that the overall length of the car is lengthened and the volume is increased, at the time of unloading.
  • Adopting the "two-step" unloading method 1) lifting the rear bucket and tilting the rear cargo; 2) moving the vehicle forward, moving forward one position, then lifting the front car, tilting the front cargo.
  • the dump car includes a front car body 53, a rear car 54 and a rear cover device 64.
  • the top ends of the front car body 53 and the rear car 54 are hingedly connected by a hinge shaft 55 and integrally combined into one.
  • the car body structure, the lower portion of the rear bucket 54 is provided with a rear end hydraulic device 56 for lifting it up, and the hydraulic cylinder body of the rear end hydraulic device 56 is disposed on the front car body 53; the lower end of the front car body 53 is The bottom plate of the vehicle body is hingedly connected by a hinge shaft 58, and the front portion of the front car body 53 is further provided with a front end liquid for lifting it Pressing device 57.
  • the hinge shaft 55 can be disposed at any position on the top end of the car body structure according to actual requirements.
  • the rear end of the rear bucket 54 is also provided with an automatically opened rear cover device 64.
  • the rear cover device 64 includes a support 59, a transition link 60, a support block 61, a rear cover 62 and a hook 63.
  • the support 59 is fixedly disposed behind
  • An upper end of the rear end of the bucket 54 is integrally hingedly connected to the support 59 and the other end is hingedly coupled to the rear cover 62.
  • the support block 61 is a slotted structure fixedly disposed on the rear compartment 54 for The transition link 60 is supported and the position of the transition link 60 is restricted to prevent the rear cover 62 from shaking left and right when the vehicle is bumped.
  • the back cover 62 is a cover structure which is in a vertical state under the action of gravity.
  • the rear cover 62 When the car body is horizontal, the rear cover 62 is engaged with the rear end of the rear hat 54 to function as a cover plate.
  • the movable hinged transition link 60 Since the movable hinged transition link 60 is provided, the rear cover 62 is moved upward by the direct pressing force of the cargo during unloading, and the deformation of the rear cover 62 is prevented from being deformed.
  • the hook 63 is disposed at the lower end of the rear cover 62, and the hook 63 is interlocked with the car body structure.
  • the hook 63 catches the lower end of the rear cover 62 to ensure that the rear cover is not transported.
  • the front end hydraulic device 57 or the rear end hydraulic device 56 is activated to cause the hook 63 to fall off when the car is lifted, and the rear cover 62 can be opened for unloading.
  • the front end hydraulic device 57 When the small volume cargo is unloaded, the front end hydraulic device 57 is directly pushed up to the car structure, and the hook 63 is detached. At this time, there is a gap between the rear cover 62 and the car structure, and the cargo can be directly unloaded.
  • the rear end hydraulic device 56 When the large volume cargo is unloaded, the rear end hydraulic device 56 is first controlled to support the rear bucket 54 so that the cargo in the rear portion of the vehicle body is automatically unloaded when the front car body 53 is not moved, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the cargo in the car body.
  • the structural arrangement of the rear bucket 54 is increased to increase the unloading outlet of the rearward unloading vehicle, which facilitates the unloading of the bulk cargo; the front end hydraulic device 57 is controlled to support the front car 53 and the rear car 54 is also At the same time, the position is raised, which further increases the unloading outlet of the front car 53 and improves the unloading speed, and since the rear part of the cargo has been unloaded, the weight of the cargo in the car is reduced, the position of the center of gravity is relatively lowered, and the subsequent position is improved.
  • the stability of the car body when unloading cargo is reduced
  • the dump car includes a front car body 65 and a rear car body 66, and the interface between the front car body 65 and the rear car body 66 is a vertical surface.
  • the rear bucket 66 has a rectangular cross section.
  • the front car body 65 is articulated with the upper portion of the rear car body 66, and the lower portion of the rear car body 66 is provided with a load switch 67.
  • the load switch 67 is provided with a load end 672 and a locking end 671 at the junction of the load end 672 and the lock end 671.
  • a pin shaft is arranged, and the pin changing shaft is inserted on the car base, so that the load switch 67 is rotatably connected with the car base, the load end 672 is used to bear the weight of the rear car 66, and the weight end 672 is heavier than the locking end.
  • the weight of the 671, the locking end 671 is provided with a switch locking device, which is a latch locking mechanism 68 which is movable in the guiding slot 71 to complete the locking and opening action.
  • the lower part of the rear bucket 66 is provided with a hanging plate 661, and the load-bearing end 672 is provided with a hook 673, and the hanging plate 661 is matched with the shape of the hook 673.
  • a discharge window 69 is also formed on the rear wall surface of the front car 65.
  • the latch locking mechanism 68 After the rear bucket 66 is fastened to the tail of the front car 65, the latch locking mechanism 68 is moved toward the rear end of the car in the guiding slot 71, and the latching plate 4 of the latch locking mechanism 68 is pressed against the locking end 671 to make the locking end
  • the 671 moves downward so that the load end 672 moves upwardly, causing the load end 672 to abut against the bottom of the rear bucket 66, and the hanging plate 661 is engaged with the hook 673, and the latch locking mechanism 68 further
  • the load switch 67 is locked to maintain a load bearing state; the latch locking mechanism 68 can be controlled in a hydraulic, pneumatic or manual manner to meet a variety of control needs under different conditions.
  • the latch locking mechanism 68 When unloading, the latch locking mechanism 68 is first moved toward the front end in the guiding slot 71, and the inserting plate of the latch locking mechanism 68 is disengaged from the locking end 671, so that the load-bearing end 672 moves downward under its own weight, and the hanging plate 661 is separated from the hook 673, that is, The rear bucket 66 is disengaged from the weight switch 67. At this time, the rear bucket 66 lifting device 70 is activated, and the rear bucket 66 can be lifted first, so that the cargo in the rear bucket 66 is first unloaded under its own weight to reduce the car body.
  • the weight when being lifted increases the stability of the car when unloading; at this time, the unloading window 69 can also be opened, so that the goods in the rear part of the car are first unloaded through the unloading window 69, further reducing the weight of the front car.
  • the cargo is unloaded through the rear end of the car. Since the rear bucket 66 is lifted high, the unloading port at the rear end of the car is very large, thus ensuring smooth unloading when unloading large cargo.
  • the switch lock device is an eccentric lock mechanism 72.
  • the rear hat 66 needs to be fastened, the rear hat 66 is fastened to the rear end of the front car 65. Thereafter, the eccentric locking mechanism 72 is rotated, and after the bottom end of the eccentric locking mechanism 72 abuts against the locking end 671, the locking end 671 is moved downward, so that the load-bearing end 672 moves upward, so that the load-bearing end 672 abuts
  • the bottom of the rear bucket 66 is fastened, and the hanging plate 661 is engaged with the hook 673.
  • the weight switch 67 is locked to maintain the load state; the eccentric locking mechanism 72 can be hydraulically operated, Pneumatic or manual control to meet a variety of control needs under different conditions.
  • the eccentric locking mechanism 72 is first rotated to move the bottom end away from the locking end 671, so that the load-bearing end 672 moves downward under its own weight, and the hanging plate 661 is disengaged from the hook 673, that is, the rear bucket 66 is separated from the load switch 67.
  • the rear bucket 66 can be lifted first, so that the cargo in the rear bucket 66 is first unloaded under its own weight, so as to reduce the weight of the front car 65 when it is lifted, and improve Stability when the car is unloaded.
  • the weight switch by setting the weight switch to bear the weight of the rear bucket, the safety of the rear bucket is ensured, and the cargo in the bucket before and after unloading is automatically removed when the rear bucket is opened, so that when the car is lifted
  • the total weight of the cargo in the car body is relatively reduced, which prevents the vehicle from overturning during unloading, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle.
  • the volume of the rear bucket 66 is generally set to be 1 ⁇ to 1/10 of the volume of the front car body 65, so that the car of the present embodiment can carry a weight ratio compared to the original model with respect to the truck having only the original car body. Increased by 1/7-1/10, it improves the efficiency of transportation within the range of vehicle carrying capacity.
  • the rear bucket setting method increases the delivery port when unloading, and is satisfied with the demand for bulk cargo transportation and unloading.

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Description

一种自卸车厢
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车领域， 尤其是一种自卸车厢。 背景技术
目前， 运输汽车普遍釆用如图 1所示的整体翻转式车厢来自卸货物， 即： 车厢前端设置液压顶起装置， 车厢后端设置可自动开启的后盖， 卸货时， 油缸 将车厢前端顶起， 车厢内的货物在自重作用下滑向车厢尾部， 并从自动开启的 后盖下方滑出。 但随着车厢长度的不断加大， 货物装载量越来越大， 继续采取 这种卸货方式，车厢内的货物很容易积聚在车厢尾部与车厢后盖发生干涉而导 致卸货困难，尤其是车厢内装有体积较大的货物时，更是如此。针对这种情况， 人们设计了多种自卸车厢， 如侧翻、 中心对称式底部卸载等， 但这些车厢均存 在结构复杂、 操作复杂、 制造成本高等缺点。 发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、操作简 易、 可顺利卸载大体积货物， 且卸货时车体稳定性高的自卸车厢。
为实现上述目的， 本发明一种自卸车厢包括厢体、后盖和前端液压顶起装 置， 厢体上设置有后盖卷扬提升装置， 该后盖卷扬提升装置用于提升后盖， 使 得前端液压顶起装置将厢体的前端顶起来卸货时， 厢体尾部的出货口增大。
进一步， 所述后盖卷扬提升装置包括 10个定滑轮、 1根钢丝绳和液压拉 升装置， 其中， 10个定滑轮包括所述厢体后端顶部两侧上对称设置的 1对定 滑轮、 车厢底座后部两侧上对称设置的 2对定滑轮、 所述后盖两侧上对称设置 的 2对导向定滑轮； 钢丝绳经由该 10个定滑轮后形成一闭环结构， 钢丝绳与 液压装置相连接， 通过该液压装置的动作可拉动钢丝绳来提升所述后盖； 所述 后盖包括上横梁、 盖板和两个侧支板， 盖板活动铰接在上横梁上， 侧支板分别 与上横梁的两端固定连接， 所述 2对导向定滑轮错位设置在两个侧支板上， 并 且所述 2对导向定滑轮为成对对称设置；所述厢体后端的两侧上分别设置有导 向槽， 导向槽与所述侧支板配合使用， 所述侧支板插装到该导向槽后使得所述 后盖盖装在厢体的尾端上， 并可使所述后盖沿该导向槽运动。
进一步， 所述后盖卷扬拉升装置包括 2根钢丝绳和 3对定滑轮， 其中， 3 对定滑轮包括所述厢体后端的顶部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮、车厢底座后 部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮、车厢底座前部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮； 钢丝绳一端固定连接在所述后盖侧端的下部，并经由设置在所述厢体同一侧的 3个定滑轮后， 其另一端与所述厢体的前端固定连接； 所述后盖包括上横梁、 盖板和两个侧支板， 盖板活动铰接在上横梁上， 侧支板分别与上横梁的两端固 定连接， 所述两根钢丝绳的一端分别与两个侧支板的下部相连接； 所述钢丝绳 两端的连接位置与另一钢丝绳两端的连接位置相对设置；所述厢体后端的两侧 上分别设置有导向槽， 导向槽与所述侧支板配合使用， 所述侧支板插装到导向 槽后使得所述后盖盖装在厢体的后端上， 并可使所述后盖沿导向槽运动。 一种自卸车厢包括前厢体、后厢斗和前端液压顶起装置， 所述前厢体和后 厢斗的顶端铰接连接并整体组合成一厢体结构，前端液压顶起装置用于在卸货 时将前厢体顶起， 后厢斗的下部设置有用于将其顶起的后端液压装置。
进一步， 所述后厢斗的尾端还设置有后盖装置， 该后盖装置包括支座、 过 渡连杆、 后盖和挂钩， 所述支座固定设置在所述后厢斗的后端上部； 所述过渡 连杆的一端与支座活动铰接， 其另一端与后盖活动铰接， 所述挂钩设置在所述 后盖的下端， 并且该挂钩与所述厢体结构联动， 当所述厢体结构平稳放置在车 体上时挂钩拴住所述后盖的下端， 当所述厢体结构被支起时挂钩脱落。
进一步， 所述后盖装置还包括一支撑块， 该支撑块为固定设置在所述后厢 斗上的槽型结构， 其用于支托所述过渡连杆并限制所述过渡连杆的位置。
进一步， 所述前厢体和后厢斗的交界面为斜面或竖直面。
进一步，所述后厢斗的下部设置有负重开关，其可转动连接在车厢底座上， 负重开关上设置有负重端和锁定端， 所述负重端用于承受后厢斗的重量， 锁定 端上设置有开关锁定装置，后厢斗关闭厢体的后端后， 所述负重开关的负重端 ί氐靠在后厢斗的底部上， 并且开关锁定装置将负重开关锁定， 使其保持负重状 态。
进一步， 所述后厢斗下部设置有挂板， 与该挂板相适配， 所述负重端上设 置有挂钩。
进一步， 所述开关锁定装置为一插销锁定机构或偏心轮锁定机构， 其釆用 液动、 气动或手动的方式来控制。
进一步， 所述前厢体的后端壁面上开设有卸货窗口。
本发明自卸车厢可采用整厢结构， 或者采用前厢体和后厢斗的组合式结 构， 在装载大块货物时， 一般釆用厢体的组合结构， 卸货时先支承起后厢斗， 这样可在不支承起前厢体的情况下，卸去部分货物，减轻厢体内货物的总重量， 使得厢体在被顶起时的重心相对降低， 提高车辆卸货时的稳定性， 同时后厢斗 的支起增大了出货口， 方便于大块货物的卸载； 在卸载小块货物时， 可直接支 起车厢结构通过后盖装置进行卸货，提高卸货的速度。 并且设置后厢斗的结构 使得车辆可装载更多的货物， 提高运输能力。 对于增加长度的后厢斗， 通过设 置负重开关来承受后厢斗的重量，使得在通过后厢斗增加车厢载货数量、及增 大出货口， 使出货顺畅的前提下， 提高后厢斗的安全性， 防止其由于承载过多 的重量而发生损坏， 从而提高了车厢整体的安全性。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中车厢结构示意图；
图 2为实施例 1的主视图；
图 3为实施例 1的后视图；
图 4为实施例 1中后盖被提升时的结构示意图；
图 5为实施例 1中卸货时的结构示意图；
图 6为实施例 1中卸货时车厢尾部的结构示意图； 图 7为图 5的仰视图；
图 8为实施例 2的主视图；
图 9为实施例 2的后视图；
图 10为实施例 2卸货时的结构示意图；
图 11为实施例 2卸货时车厢尾部的结构示意图；
图 12为实施例 3的结构示意图；
图 13为实施例 3中后厢斗被顶起时的车体结构示意图;
图 14为实施例 3中卸货时的结构示意图；
图 15为实施例 4的结构示意图；
图 16为实施例 5的结构示意图；
图 17为实施例 6的主视图；
图 18为实施例 6中后厢斗举起时的结构示意图；
图 19为实施例 6中车辆卸货时示意图；
图 20为实施例 6中另一实施方式的结构示意图；
图 21为图 20中实施方式的卸货时示意图；
图 22为图 17中 A部放大视图；
图 23为图 19中 B部放大视图；
图 24为图 20中 C部放大视图；
图 25为图 21中 D部放大视图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
如图 2至图 7所示， 本发明自卸车厢包括厢体 1和后盖 2, 后盖 2包括上 横梁 5、 盖体 18和侧支板 16、 19 , 盖体 18通过铰链 4活动铰接在上横梁 5 上， 侧支板 16、 19分别设置在盖体 18长度方向的两侧， 并均与上横梁 5固定 连接， 侧支板 16的侧边上错位设置有 2个定滑轮 7、 8 , 侧支板 19的侧边上 错位设置有 2个定滑轮 12、 13。 厢体 1后端的两侧上分别设置有导向槽 17、
20, 导向槽 17与侧支板 16配合使用， 导向槽 20与侧支板 19配合使用， 侧支 板 16、 19分别插装到导向槽 17、 20后使得后盖 2盖装在厢体 1的后端上， 并 可使后盖 2沿导向槽运动。厢体 1后端的两侧上分别设置有后盖卷扬提升装置
21、 23 , 后盖卷扬提升装置 21包括定滑轮 6、 9、 10、 7、 8, 后盖卷扬提升装 置 23包括定滑轮 11、 14、 15、 12、 13 , 其中定滑轮 6、 11分别设置在厢体 1 后端顶部的两侧， 定滑轮 9、 10及 14、 15分别并排设置在车厢底座后部的两 侧； 钢丝绳 22逐次经由定滑轮 6、 8、 7、 9、 15、 11、 13、 12、 14、 10、 6, 从而形成一封闭回路结构。厢体 1的底部上设置有油缸 3 , 钢丝绳 22与油缸 3 活塞杆相连接， 通过油缸 3活塞杆的伸出或收缩可拉动钢丝绳 22来提升或下 降后盖 2。
为了保证后盖 2被拉起时其两端的同步性， 定滑轮 7和 12以车厢的中轴 线相对设置， 定滑轮 8和 13以车厢的中轴线相对设置。 同样的， 定滑轮 6和 11、 定滑轮 9和 14、 定滑轮 10和 15均以车厢的中轴线相对设置。 并且为了 后盖 2在盖装车厢后端时简单方便， 在厢体后端下方设置有卡槽 27 , 卡槽 27 为喇叭口结构， 其开口大， 可有效使后盖落下后进入卡装位置。
工作时，先使钢丝绳 22处于绷紧状态，利用油缸 3向外侧拉动钢丝绳 22， 由于钢丝绳 22为一总长确定的闭环式结构， 随着钢丝绳 22被向外拉出， 为了 维持钢丝绳 22的总长不变， 定滑轮 7、 8的位置需要从下端向上移动， 以减少 整个滑轮组所缠绕的钢丝绳总量， 并将节省出的钢丝绳量来平衡被拉出的量， 由此带动侧支板 16、 19向上运动， 这样就保证了后盖 2两端提升的同步性， 提高卸货的稳定性。 当后盖提升到预定位置， 保证足够大的卸货出口时， 启动 车体前端液压顶起装置将厢体 1顶起进行卸货。本发明后盖卷扬式同步举升自 卸车厢在保证增大出货口的前提下， 结构简单， 并可在普通车厢上进行简单改 造而得，本发明后盖举升式自卸车厢与普通车厢相比可提高约 15%的效益，具 有很好的市场前景。 实施例 2
如图 8至图 11所示， 本发明自卸车厢包括厢体 1和后盖 28, 后盖 28包 括上横梁 38、 盖体 42和侧支板 29， 盖体 42通过铰链 31活动链接在上横梁 38上， 侧支板 29分别设置在盖体 42的长度方向的两侧， 侧支板 29的上端与 上横梁 38固定连接。 厢体 1后端的两侧上分别设置有后盖卷扬拉升装置 40、 41 , 后盖卷扬拉升装置 40包括钢丝绳 39和定滑轮 30、 32、 33 , 其中定滑轮 40设置在厢体 1后端的顶部、 定滑轮 32设置在车厢底座 43的后部、 定滑轮 33设置在车厢底座 43的前部， 钢丝绳 39—端固定连接在盖体 42的下部， 并 经由定滑轮 30、 32、 33后， 其另一端固定连接在厢体 1的前端上。 同样的， 后盖卷扬拉升装置 41包括钢丝绳 34和定滑轮 35、 36、 37 , 其中定滑轮 35设 置在厢体 1后端的顶部、 定滑轮 36设置在车厢底座 43的后部、 定滑轮 37设 置在车厢底座 43的前部， 钢丝绳 34—端固定连接在盖体 42的下部， 并经由 定滑轮 35、 36、 37后， 其另一端固定连接在厢体 1的前端上。 并且， 为了保 证后盖 28被拉起时其两端的同步性， 定滑轮 30和 35设置在厢体 1两侧相对 的位置上， 定滑轮 32和 36设置在车厢底座 43的后部两侧相对的位置上， 定 滑轮 33和 37设置在车厢底座 43 的前部两侧相对的位置上； 并且钢丝绳 39 和 34的两端分别对应的固定连接在盖体 42的下部两侧面相对的位置上，及厢 体 1的前端两侧相对的位置上。 厢体 1后端的两侧上分别设置有导向槽 40 , 导向槽 40与侧支板 29配合使用， 侧支板 29插装到导向槽 40后使得后盖 28 盖装在厢体 1的后端上， 并可使后盖 28沿导向槽 40运动。
工作时， 先使钢丝绳 34和 39处于绷紧状态， 启动车体前端液压顶起装置 将厢体 1顶起， 此时钢丝绳 34和 39的一端随着厢体 1的前端向上运动，从而 其另一端拉动后盖 28沿导向槽 40向上运动， 这样随着厢体 1被顶起， 后盖 28逐渐被向上拉高， 当厢体 1被顶起达到最佳卸货高度时， 后盖 28被拉起到 最高位置， 其卸货口为最大。 并且后盖 28被拉起的高度可根据需要进行设置， 一般为 2倍车厢的高度， 这样使得厢体出货口很大， 可方便卸载大体积货物。 本发明后盖卷扬式同步举升自卸车厢在保证增大出货口的前提下，不采用另加 的后盖张开驱动装置， 结构简单， 并可在普通车厢上进行简单改造而得， 本发 明后盖举升式自卸车厢与普通车厢相比可提高约 15%的效益，具有很好的市场 前景。 实施例 3
如图 12所示， 本发明自卸车厢包括前厢体 43和后厢斗 44 , 本实施例中 前厢体 43和后厢斗 44的交界面为斜面， 后厢斗 44的截面为三角形， 前厢体 43和后厢斗 44的顶端通过铰轴 48铰接连接并整体组合成一厢体结构 49， 后 厢斗 44的下部设置有用于将其顶起的后端液压装置 45 , 并且该后端液压装置 45的液压缸体设置在前厢体 43上， 这样使得在卸载货物时， 后厢斗能支起更 高的高度， 便于货物的卸载； 前厢体 43的尾部下端与车体底板间通过铰轴 47 铰接连接， 前厢体 43的前部还设置有用于将其顶起的前端液压装置 46。 上述 铰轴 48可根据实际要求设置在厢体结构 49顶端的任意位置上。
如图 13、 图 14所示， 本发明活动厢斗式自卸车厢工作时， 先控制后端液 压装置 45使后厢斗 44支起， 使厢体内后部分的货物在前厢体 43不动情况下 自动卸载， 这样可大大减轻厢体内货物重量， 并且后厢斗被支起的结构设置增 大了后翻式卸货车辆的卸货出口， 方便于大块货物的卸载； 再控制前端液压装 置 46使前厢体 43支起， 后厢斗 44也同时被抬高位置， 这样相对进一步增大 了前厢体 43的卸货出口， 提高了卸货速度， 并且由于后部分货物已被卸载， 厢体内货物重量减轻， 相对的降低了重心位置，提高了后续卸载货物时车体的 稳定性。 实施例 4
如图 15所示， 本实施例中自卸车厢包括前厢体 50和后厢斗 51， 前厢体 50和后厢斗 51的交界面为斜面， 后厢斗 44的截面为梯形， 前厢体 50和后厢 斗 51的顶端通过铰轴 52铰接连接并整体组合成一厢体结构。本实施例的其它 结构与实施例 3相同， 是在传统车厢的基础上再加长 1/8 〜 1/10厢体长度的后 厢斗， 使得车厢整体的长度加长， 容积加大， 在卸货时采用 "两步" 卸车法， 1 )后厢斗举升， 倾斜后厢货物； 2 )整车前移， 向前移动一个货位， 再举升前 厢体， 倾斜前厢货物。
本发明的优点为： 1 ) 车厢加长， 载重量增加， 效益提高； 2 ) 结构简单、 容易改造； 3 ) 两节车厢卸货所需高度比单节车厢卸货高度大大降低， 不容易 翻车， 安全性能高； 4 ) "两步" 卸车可进一步提高车辆卸货的安全性。 实施例 5
如图 16所示， 本实施例中自卸车厢包括前厢体 53、 后厢斗 54和后盖装 置 64， 前厢体 53和后厢斗 54的顶端通过铰轴 55铰接连接并整体组合成一厢 体结构， 后厢斗 54的下部设置有用于将其顶起的后端液压装置 56 , 并且后端 液压装置 56的液压缸体设置在前厢体 53上； 前厢体 53的尾部下端与车体底 板间通过铰轴 58铰接连接，前厢体 53的前部还设置有用于将其顶起的前端液 压装置 57。 铰轴 55可根据实际要求设置在厢体结构顶端的任意位置上。 后厢 斗 54的尾端还设置有自动开启的后盖装置 64, 后盖装置 64包括支座 59、 过 渡连杆 60、 支撑块 61、 后盖 62和挂钩 63， 支座 59固定设置在后厢斗 54的 后端上部， 过渡连杆 60的一端与支座 59活动铰接， 另一端与后盖 62活动铰 接； 支撑块 61 为固定设置在后厢斗 54上的槽型结构， 其用于支托过渡连杆 60并限制过渡连杆 60的位置， 防止了车辆颠簸时后盖 62左右晃动。 后盖 62 为一盖板结构， 其在重力的作用下处于垂直状态， 当厢体水平时， 后盖 62与 后厢斗 54的尾端扣合， 起到盖板的作用， 当厢体前端被顶起时， 后盖 62与厢 体间存在间隙可用于卸货。 由于设置了活动铰接的过渡连杆 60 , 卸货时后盖 62受到货物的直接挤压力会向上运动， 防止了后盖 62出现变形破坏的现象。 挂钩 63设置在后盖 62的下端， 并且该挂钩 63与厢体结构联动， 当厢体结构 平稳放置在车体上时挂钩 63拴住后盖 62的下端，保证运输时不会从后盖处泄 露货物， 当前端液压装置 57或后端液压装置 56启动引起厢体被顶起时挂钩 63脱落， 后盖 62可被开启进行卸货。
当卸载小体积货物时， 控制前端液压装置 57直接顶起厢体结构， 同时挂 钩 63脱落， 此时后盖 62与厢体结构间存在间隙， 可进行直接卸载货物。 当卸 载大体积货物时， 先控制后端液压装置 56使后厢斗 54支起， 使厢体内后部分 的货物在前厢体 53不动情况下自动卸载， 这样可大大减轻厢体内货物重量， 并且后厢斗 54被支起的结构设置增大了后翻式卸货车辆的卸货出口， 方便于 大块货物的卸载； 再控制前端液压装置 57使前厢体 53支起， 后厢斗 54也同 时被抬高位置， 这样相对进一步增大了前厢体 53的卸货出口， 提高了卸货速 度， 并且由于后部分货物已被卸载， 厢体内货物重量减轻， 相对的降低了重心 位置， 提高了后续卸载货物时车体的稳定性。 实施例 6
如图 17至图 19、 图 22、 图 23所示， 本实施例中自卸车厢包括前厢体 65 和后厢斗 66 , 前厢体 65和后厢斗 66的交界面为竖直面， 后厢斗 66的截面为 矩形。 前厢体 65与后厢斗 66的上部活动铰接， 后厢体 66的下部设置有负重 开关 67 , 负重开关 67上设置有负重端 672和锁定端 671， 在负重端 672和锁 定端 671 的交界处设置有销轴， 改销轴插装在车厢底座上， 这样负重开关 67 就与车厢底座可转动连接， 负重端 672用于承受后厢斗 66的重量， 并且负重 端 672的重量大于锁定端 671的重量， 锁定端 671上设置有开关锁定装置， 该 开关锁定装置为一插销锁定机构 68， 其可在导向槽 71内运动， 来完成锁定和 开启动作。 后厢斗 66下部设置有挂板 661 , 负重端 672上设置有挂钩 673 , 挂 板 661与挂钩 673的形状相适配。 前厢体 65的后端壁面上还开设有卸货窗口 69。
当后厢斗 66扣装到前厢体 65的尾部后， 使插销锁定机构 68在导向槽 71 内向车厢尾端运动， 插销锁定机构 68的插板 4民靠到锁定端 671后， 使锁定端 671向下运动， 这样负重端 672便向上运动， 从而使得负重端 672抵靠在后厢 斗 66的底部上， 并且使得挂板 661与挂钩 673扣合， 插销锁定机构 68进一步 锁定后， 将负重开关 67锁定， 使其保持负重状态； 插销锁定机构 68可采用液 动、 气动或手动的方式来控制， 以满足在不同的状况下的多种控制需求。 卸货 时， 先使插销锁定机构 68在导向槽 71 内向车头端运动， 插销锁定机构 68的 插板脱离锁定端 671，这样负重端 672在自重下向下运动，挂板 661与挂钩 673 脱离， 即后厢斗 66脱离了负重开关 67的约束， 此时启动后厢斗 66举升装置 70, 可先举起后厢斗 66 , 使后厢斗 66内货物先在自重下卸载， 以减轻厢体被 举升时的重量， 提高厢体卸货时的稳定性； 此时还可以打开卸货窗口 69， 使 车厢后部分的货物先通过卸货窗口 69卸载， 进一步减轻举升前车厢的重量。 车厢被举升后， 货物便通过厢体后端卸载， 由于后厢斗 66被高高举起， 车厢 后端的卸货口非常大， 从而保证了在卸载大体积货物时， 仍能够顺利卸载。
如图 20、 图 21、 图 24、 图 25所示， 开关锁定装置为一偏心轮锁定机构 72， 当后厢斗 66需要扣合时， 后厢斗 66扣装在前厢体 65的后端后， 使偏心 轮锁定机构 72转动， 偏心轮锁定机构 72的底端抵靠到锁定端 671后，使锁定 端 671向下运动， 这样负重端 672便向上运动，从而使得负重端 672抵靠在后 厢斗 66的底部上， 并且使得挂板 661 与挂钩 673扣合， 偏心轮锁定机构 72 进一步锁定后， 将负重开关 67锁定， 使其保持负重状态； 偏心轮锁定机构 72 可采用液动、 气动或手动的方式来控制， 以满足在不同的状况下的多种控制需 求。 卸货时， 先使偏心轮锁定机构 72转动， 使其底端远离锁定端 671 , 这样 负重端 672在自重下向下运动， 挂板 661与挂钩 673脱离， 即后厢斗 66脱离 了负重开关 67的约束， 此时启动后厢斗举升装置 70， 可先举起后厢斗 66， 使 后厢斗 66内货物先在自重下卸载， 以减轻前厢体 65被举升时的重量，提高厢 体卸货时的稳定性。
本实施例中通过设置负重开关来承担后厢斗的重量，保证了后厢斗的安全 性， 卸货前后厢斗内的货物在后厢斗打开时自动卸掉， 这样在厢体被举升时， 厢体内的货物总重量相对减轻， 防止了车辆在卸货时翻车的情况，从而提高了 车辆的安全性。
本实施例中， 通常将后厢斗 66的容积设置为前厢体 65容积的 1〃〜1/10 , 这样相对与只有原厢体的货车，本实施例的车厢可承载的重量比原始车型增加 1/7-1/10 , 其在车辆运载能力范围内， 提高了运输的效率， 后厢斗的设置方式 在卸货时增大了出货口， 满足于大体积货物运输与卸载的需求。

Claims

权 利 要 求 、 一种自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 该车厢包括厢体、 后盖和前端液压顶起装 置， 厢体上设置有后盖卷扬提升装置， 该后盖卷扬提升装置用于提升后 盖， 使得前端液压顶起装置将厢体的前端顶起来卸货时， 厢体尾部的出 货口增大。
、 如权利要求 1所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述后盖卷扬提升装置包 括 10个定滑轮、 1根钢丝绳和液压拉升装置， 其中， 10个定滑轮包括所 述厢体后端顶部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮、 车厢底座后部两侧上对 称设置的 2对定滑轮、 所述后盖两侧上对称设置的 2对导向定滑轮； 钢 丝绳经由该 10个定滑轮后形成一闭环结构， 钢丝绳与液压装置相连接， 通过该液压装置的动作可拉动钢丝绳来提升所述后盖； 所述后盖包括上 横梁、 盖板和两个侧支板， 盖板活动铰接在上横梁上， 侧支板分别与上 横梁的两端固定连接， 所述 2对导向定滑轮错位设置在两个侧支板上， 并且所述 2对导向定滑轮为成对对称设置； 所述厢体后端的两侧上分别 设置有导向槽， 导向槽与所述侧支板配合使用， 所述侧支板插装到该导 向槽后使得所述后盖盖装在厢体的尾端上， 并可使所述后盖沿该导向槽 运动。
、 如权利要求 1所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述后盖卷扬拉升装置包 括 2根钢丝绳和 3对定滑轮， 其中， 3对定滑轮包括所述厢体后端的顶 部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮、 车厢底座后部两侧上对称设置的 1对 定滑轮、 车厢底座前部两侧上对称设置的 1对定滑轮； 钢丝绳一端固定 连接在所述后盖侧端的下部， 并经由设置在所述厢体同一侧的 3个定滑 轮后， 其另一端与所述厢体的前端固定连接； 所述后盖包括上横梁、 盖 板和两个侧支板， 盖板活动铰接在上横梁上， 侧支板分别与上横梁的两 端固定连接， 所述两根钢丝绳的一端分别与两个侧支板的下部相连接； 所述钢丝绳两端的连接位置与另一钢丝绳两端的连接位置相对设置； 所 述厢体后端的两侧上分别设置有导向槽，导向槽与所述侧支板配合使用， 所述侧支板插装到导向槽后使得所述后盖盖装在厢体的后端上， 并可使 所述后盖沿导向槽运动。
、 一种自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 该车厢包括前厢体、 后厢斗和前端液压顶 起装置， 该前厢体和后厢斗的顶端铰接连接并整体组合成一厢体结构， 前端液压顶起装置用于在卸货时将前厢体顶起， 后厢斗的下部设置有用 于将其顶起的后端液压装置。
、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所示后厢斗的尾端还设置 有后盖装置， 该后盖装置包括支座、 过渡连杆、 后盖和挂钩， 所述支座 固定设置在所述后厢斗的后端上部； 所述过渡连杆的一端与支座活动铰 接， 其另一端与后盖活动铰接， 所述挂钩设置在所述后盖的下端， 并且 该挂钩与所述厢体结构联动， 当所述厢体结构平稳放置在车体上时挂钩 拴住所述后盖的下端， 当所述厢体结构被支起时挂钩脱落。 、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述后盖装置还包括一支 撑块， 该支撑块为固定设置在所述后厢斗上的槽型结构， 其用于支托所 述过渡连杆并限制所述过渡连杆的位置。
、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述前厢体和后厢斗的交 界面为斜面或竖直面。
、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述后厢斗的下部设置有 负重开关， 其可转动连接在车厢底座上， 负重开关上设置有负重端和锁 定端， 该负重端用于承受后厢斗的重量， 锁定端上设置有开关锁定装置， 后厢斗关闭厢体的后端后， 所述负重开关的负重端抵靠在后厢斗的底部 上， 并且开关锁定装置将负重开关锁定， 使其保持负重状态。
、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述后厢斗下部设置有挂 板， 与该挂板相适配， 所述负重端上设置有挂钩。
、 如权利要求 4所述的自卸车厢， 其特征在于， 所述开关锁定装置为一插 销锁定机构或偏心轮锁定机构， 其采用液动、 气动或手动的方式来控制； 所述前厢体的后端壁面上开设有卸货窗口。
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