Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
  • A61K8/894—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone modified by a polyoxyalkylene group, e.g. cetyl dimethicone copolyol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/90—Block copolymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
  • C08G77/452—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
  • C08G77/46—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L83/10—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
  • C08L83/12—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
  • D06M15/647—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing polyether sequences
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
  • D06M15/65—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing epoxy groups
  • D06M15/652—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing epoxy groups comprising amino groups

Definitions

• the invention describes novel non-hydrolyzable, linear, random block copolymers comprising units of polysiloxanes and polyalkyleneoxides linked by a bis- aminofunctional group. These copolymers have been successfully applied as textile enhancers as well as conditioning agents for hair and skin care products.
• Non-hydrolyzable aminosilicone-polyalkyleneoxide block copolymers are known in the prior art.
• U.S. Patent 4,101,272 to Guise et al. discloses a process for the treatment of fibrous material to improve it properties. The process includes treating the fibrous materials with a composition consisting of epoxy-substituted polyorganosiloxanes, polyamines consisting of one or more organic compounds each with two or more primary and/or secondary amino groups attached to aliphatic carbon atoms such that they are capable of reacting in situ.
• U.S. Patent Nos. 5,807,956 and 5,981,681 disclose non-hydrolyzable block copolymers of the (AB) n type, comprising alternating units of polysiloxanes and amino-polyalkyleneoxides, and also describe their methods of preparation. The use of these copolymers as durable, hydrophilic textile softeners, which improve the tactile properties of the substrates, is also described therein.
• U.S. Patent 6,835,419 to Herzig et al. describes ammonio-containing organosilicone compounds, which are un-crosslinked, i.e.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,475,568 to Czech discloses block non-(AB) n linear copolymers comprising units of polysiloxanes and polyalkyleneoxide linked by tertiary amino groups, a method for the preparation of these copolymers and their use as conditioning ingredients in hair care and skin care products as well as textile softeners.
• the present invention provides a non-hydrolyzable, random blocked polysiloxane-polyalkylene oxide composition having the Formula ( 1 ) :
• each A is independently a polysiloxane unit of structure
• each R 1 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, and an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom
• each R 2 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a chemical bond between the carbon atom and a different carbon atom of R 3 to form a ring structure, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom
• each R 3 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom, with the proviso that if R 2 is
• each R 6 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atom
• each R 7 is an independently monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon of containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom or an -NR 7 - group
• x is an integer from 1 to 500;
• each B is independently a polyalkylene oxide unit of structure
• each R 1 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, and an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contain a oxygen atom
• each R 2 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a chemical bond between the carbon atom and a different caibon atom of R 3 to form a ring structure, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contain a oxygen atom
• each R 3 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contain a oxygen atom, with the proviso that if R 2 is a chemical bond, then R 3 is a divalent hydrocarbon of 1 to 20 carbon atoms an optionally contains an oxygen atom that form a ring containing the chemical bond
• each R 6 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atom
• each R 7 is an independently monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon of containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom or an -NR 7 - group
• x is an integer from 1 to 500;
• each E 1 is a monovalent end-group independently selected from the group consisting of,
• each E 2 is a monovalent end-group independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
• each m and n is independently an integer from 1 to 500, and a is from 2 to 4, b is from 2 to 100, and preferably 3 to 50.
• the present invention further provides a method of making a non- hydrolyzable, random blocked polysiloxane-polyalkylene oxide composition having the Formula
• each A is independently a polysiloxane unit of structure -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 (OH)R 5 -(SiR 4 2 O) x -SiR 4 2 -R 5 CR 3 (OH)CR 1 R 2 -L-
• each R 1 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, and an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom
• each R 2 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a chemical bond between the carbon atom and a different carbon atom of R 3 to form a ring structure, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom
• each R 3 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom, with the proviso that if R 2 is a chemical bond, then R 3 is a divalent hydrocarbon of 1 to 20 carbon atoms an optionally contains an oxygen atom that form a ring containing the chemical bond, R 2 ;
• each R 6 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atom
• each R 7 is an independently monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon of containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom or an -NR 7 - group
• x is an integer from 1 to 500;
• each R 6 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atom
• each R 7 is an independently monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon of containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom or an -NR 7 - group
• x is an integer from 1 to 500;
• each E 1 is a monovalent end-group independently selected from the group consisting of,
• each E 2 is a monovalent end-group independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
• each m and n are independently an integer from 1 to 500, and a is an integer from 2 to 4, b is an integer from 2 to 100, and preferably 3 to 50, wherein the method comprises reacting i) polysiloxane A, and ii) polyalkylene oxide B, with at least one E 1 monovalent end-group and at least one E 2 monovalent end-group.
• the presently disclosed non-hydrolyzable, random block polysiloxane, polyalkyleneoxide copolymer linked by a ⁇ w-aminofunctional group, which on one end forms a tertiary amine linkage between the monomers within the polymer chain and the other end resides as a pendant amino-functional group, provides high molecular weight copolymers with low and manageable viscosities.
• the presently claimed copolymer can be handled and formulated easily when formulating emulsions. These high molecular weight copolymers enhance the tactile properties of textile substrates and improve the conditioning ingredients in hair care and skin care products.
• Figure 1 is a graphical representation of viscosity verses percent (%) excess amine of copolymers prepared using diethylarninopropylarnine (i.e., Examples 7- 10 of the invention) and monoethanolamine (i.e., Comparative Examples 3-6).
• Figure 2 is a graphical representation of viscosity verses molecular weight of copolymers prepared using diethylaminopropylamine (i.e., Examples 7-10 of the invention) and monoethanolamine (i.e., Comparative Examples 3-6).
• the present invention discloses non-hydrolyzable, linear, random-block copolymers comprising units of polydimethylsiloxanes and polyalkyleneoxides linked by tertiary amino groups.
• the linking units of the copolymer comprise two tertiary amino groups, or a tertiary and a secondary amino group, wherein the tertiary amine resides within the polymer's backbone chain, linking the monomer units together, and the other secondary or tertiary amine (i.e., amino-functional group(s)) consequently exists as a residual pendant group.
• the present invention provides a method for the preparation of the random-block copolymer by the addition of equimolar amounts of an epoxy end- blocked silicone and an epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxide to a mixture of an amine, which serves as a linker, in a solvent, e.g., isopropanol. Polymerization of the copolymer is facilitated by amine ring-opening reactions with both epoxy end-blocked silicone and polyether moieties. This effectively results in a random block copolymer in which the component oligomeric monomers are linked together by tertiary amine groups.
• the degree of polymerization which dictates the chain length and consequently the molecular weight, is directly related to the molar ratio of the amine linking group to the epoxy end-blocked monomers.
• a molar excess of amine is typically used to modulate the degree of polymerization.
• the inventors have discovered that variations of this molar ratio do not significantly affect the viscosity of the copolymer composition when bis-amino functional linking groups are used to prepare the copolymer. For example, a 23 and 8 percent molar excess amine of diethylaminopropylamine (DEAPA) yields a product having a 3,000 cPs and 7,000 cPs, respectively.
• DEAPA diethylaminopropylamine
• the use of monoethanolamine in a 23 and 8 percent molar excess amine yields copolymers of 25,000-30,000 cPs and 100,000-105,000 cPs, respectively.
• the viscosity of the copolymer is significantly influenced by the amount of amine used. As such, high molecular weight copolymers may be achieved with little consequence in viscosity. Reduced viscosity is obtained through the absence of H-bonding association with pendant hydroxyl groups when hydroxyl amino functional linking groups are used, (e.g., ethanolamine). Thus, allowing for relative ease in handling and formulation along with an associated improvement of softness and slickness of treated fabric.
• the block copolymers of the present invention have in their structure, polysiloxane units -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 (OH)R 5 -(SiR 4 2 O) x -SiR 4 2 -R 5 CR 3 (OH)CR 1 R 2 - .i.e., component [ A] m , wherein m is an integer from 1 to 500, each R !
• the block copolymers of the present invention have in their structure, polyalkyleneoxide units ⁇ 3l ⁇ 5 O(GJ ⁇ ) ⁇ Cffi ⁇ 1 ld,i.e., component [B] n , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 500, each R 1 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, and an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contain a oxygen atom; each R 2 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a chemical bond between the carbon atom and a different carbon atom of R 3 to form a ring structure, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contain a oxygen atom; each R 3 is selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and aralkyl containing from
• each R 6 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atom
• each R 7 is an independently monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• R is a divalent hydrocarbon of containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally contains an oxygen atom or an -NR 7 - group.
• divalent linking group, -L- is an N.TV-diethylaminopropylamino group.
• divalent linking group, -L- is 3-Morpholinopropylarnino group.
• the copolymers are end- capped (i.e., components E 1 and E ) with one of three structures, e.g., epoxy terminated siloxane fragment, epoxy terminated polyether fragment, or the linking group (i.e., -LH).
• exemplary structures of the end-capping groups are:
• the moieties comprising R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 contain from one to about twenty carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, anthracyl, methoxyphenyl, isomers of the foregoing, and the like.
• R 1 is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms
• R 3 is a hydrogen
• R5 is a propyloxymethyl or methoxy group
• R6 is a propyl group
• R7 is an ethyl group.
• the copolymers are not (AB) n type because blocks may consist of more than one unit, therefore the nominal length of the blocks will vary. Moreover, blocks comprising more than one unit will be interrupted with the amino groups.
• the number of units per molecule is limited by the ability to handle high viscosity material, since the viscosity is directly proportional to the number of units, but practically there should be at least two of each unit and may be up to 1000 units. It is preferred that the terminal groups of the copolymer be H-L (amino-) groups, as noted above.
• the molecular weight of the copolymers can be modified by varying the molar ratio of the epoxy component to amino component, by varying the number of oxyalkylene units and the number of siloxy groups within the polysiloxane blocks.
• the ring-opened epoxides may be aliphatic, cyclo aliphatic, and may contain aromatic rings. They also contain hydroxy groups and may contain an ether linkage.
• the ring-opened epoxides may be derived from the following epoxycyclohexyl alkylene groups, ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)alkylene, ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethylene, ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)- ⁇ -methylethylene, and ⁇ - (3,4-epoxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)- ⁇ -methylethylene.
• the polyoxyalkylene blocks represented by (C 3 H 2a O) or (OC a H 2a ) may be made up of ethylene oxide, wherein a equals 2, propylene oxide, wherein a equals 3, and butylene oxide, wherein a equals 4 in a random or blocked fashion.
• the ratio among such oxides is not of particular importance, but may be adjusted as required for the desired solubility parameters of the resulting copolymer.
• the compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting polysiloxanes and polyalkylene oxides, which are the same as the formulae above, with a primary amine or a combination of primary and secondary amines, where the secondary amine will function as a chain stopper. These species may be manufactured by means known in the art or are commercially available.
• epoxy end-blocked polysiloxanes and epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxides are then reacted with primary amino groups or a combination of primary and secondary amino groups.
• Suitable epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxides are represented, for example, by DER 732 and DER 736 available from Dow Chemical Co. If the boiling point of the amine is lower than the boiling point of the solvent, the reaction is conducted in a pressurized vessel. Typically, the epoxy end-blocked polysiloxanes and epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxides are added to the solution of the amine in the reaction solvent.
• reaction is carried out with about a 1 to about
• Common quaternizing agents that may be used include, but are not limited to, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl halides, sulfates or halo-substituted esters.
• the resulting quaternary ammonium salts may offer improved deposition properties or static electricity control as compared to the starting copolymer.
• An alternative way to produce quaternized structures is to react the epoxy end-blocked polysiloxanes and epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxides with secondary amines, for example, N,N,N'-trimethy-l,3-propanediamine, 7V 5 N 5 N 7 ,N"- Tetraethyldiethylenetriamine, N,l-dimethyl-4-piperidinamine, and the like, in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a Bronsted acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid.
• the reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent such as an alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water at reflux.
• the copolymers of the present invention are primarily intended as softeners for substrates especially hair, fibers and textiles. While the copolymers of the present invention can be used neat, for ease of application they are typically applied to the substrates dissolved, dispersed or emulsified in a suitable liquid medium. According to an embodiment of the invention, the copolymers of the present invention are applied to a substrate from an aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion. They may be applied as a solution in a non-aqueous solvent such as isopropanol or a liquid in which the copolymer is miscible. In yet another embodiment, the copolymer is applied to the substrate as an aqueous micro emulsion.
• Aqueous emulsions of the copolymers of the present invention may be prepared by combining the copolymer with one or more emulsifiers, including, but not limited to, nonionic surfactants, ionic surfactants and diluents.
• Stable aqueous dispersions of the copolymers may be, for example, prepared by directly mixing an aqueous solution of the copolymer with a water miscible solvent, such as isopropanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and dipropylene glycol methyl ether.
• Prepared solutions, dispersions or emulsions may be applied onto the substrates by spraying, dipping, kiss roll, pad bath applications or other methods typically employed in fiber, hair or textile treatment.
• substrates that can be treated with the copolymers of the present invention include natural fibers such as hair, cotton, silk, flax, cellulose, paper (including tissue paper) and wool; synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane; and inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers.
• the fabric substrates, which can be treated with the copolymers of the present invention include fabric produced from the above- mentioned fibrous materials of blends thereof.
• the solution, dispersion of emulsion of the copolymers of the present invention maybe applied of hair, fiber or textile substrates, such that up to 5%, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% of the copolymer by weight of the dry substrate remains on the substrate.
• other additives commonly used to treat hair or textile substrates can be employed along with the copolymers of the present invention, including, but not limited to, additional surfactants, deposition polymers, quaternary conditioning agents, curing agents, curing resins, preservatives, dyes, colorants, optical brighteners and formularies.
• compositions including copolymers of the present invention may be used in personal care formulations, including, but not limited to, cleansers, body washes, soaps, lotions, creams, shaving cream, hair sprays, conditioners, shampoos, deodorants, moisturizer and sun-blocks.
• the copolymers of the present invention may be formulated into these or other products together with one or more anionic surfactants, one of more amphoteric surfactants, one or more nonionic surfactants, and/or one or more deposition polymers or thickeners.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include sulfonated and sulfated alkyl, arylalkyl and alkylaryl anionic compounds; alkyl succinates; alkyl sulfo succinates; and N-alkanoyl sarcosinates.
• Preferred are the sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts of alkylaryl sulfonates.
• the alkyl groups preferably contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
• Sulfate ethers containing preferably 1 to 10 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units may be considered.
• anionic surfactants with which the copolymers of the present invention may be formulated include, but are not limited to, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium Ci 4 -i 6 olefin sulfonate, ammonium pareth-25 sulfate, sodium myristyl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, disodium monooleamido-sulfosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate.
• amphoteric surfactants with which the copolymers of the present invention can be formulated include cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocobetaine, N-cocoamidopropylydimethylglycine, and N-lauryl-N'-carboxymethyl- N'-(20hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, as well as the betaine and sultaine compounds disclosed in the CTFA Dictionary as useful in personal care products.
• nonionic surfactants with which the copolymers of the present invention may be formulated include, but are not limited to, fatty acid mono- and dialkanolamides in which the fatty portion preferably contain 10 to 21 carbon atoms, and amine oxides such as N-alkyl amine oxides
• a typical shampoo formulation contains about 3 to 30 weight percent of an anionic and/or amphoteric surfactant component, 0.1 to 10 weight percent of a nonionic surfactant component, 0.1 to 20 weight percent of one or more copolymers of the present invention, water, preferably also an effective amount of a thickener in the order of 0.1 to 5 weight percent; examples of thickeners include sodium alginate, Arabic gum, polyoxyethylene, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, cellulosics such as methyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch derivatives such as hydroxyethylamylose, locust bean gum
• Example 1 copolymer was prepared as follows: First, silanic fluid (M 1 D 5O
• M' was prepared as follows: to a two-liter, three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a nitrogen inlet was charged with 34.96 g of tetramethyldisiloxane and 965.0 g of the cyclic tetramer, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. The flask was flushed with nitrogen and 15 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. The flask contents were stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for approximately 24 hours. The reaction mixture was then neutralized with wet sodium bicarbonate and filtered to afford the silanic fluid as a clear, colorless fluid with a viscosity of 48 cPs and hydrogen content of 11.7 ccH 2 /g.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, neutralized with of wet sodium bicarbonate and vacuum sparge at 100°- 12O 0 C.
• the resulting epoxy fluid had a viscosity of 65 cPs, refractive index of 1.4070 at 25 0 C, and the epoxide content, as determined by a reactive titration with perchloric acid, of 1.9%.
• the contents of the flask were heated, with stirring, to 8O 0 C for 2 hours after which 16.04 g (V 2 of the total charge, 0.1020 mol, 3.18 meq/g epoxy) of the epoxy end-blocked polyalkyleneoxide (DER 732, commercially available from Dow Chemical) was added to the flask. After 2 hours of heating, the remaining 100 g of M*D 5 oM* was added to the flask and the reaction mixture was heated to 8O 0 C for another 2 hours, followed by the final addition of the remaining 16.04 g of DER 732. The reaction mixture was maintained at 8O 0 C, under a nitrogen blanket, until all the epoxy groups were reacted. This typically required about 6 to 10 hours.
• Example 2 copolymer was prepared as a quaternary ammonium salt of
• Example 1 copolymer as follows: Quaternization of the amine groups in Example 1 was achieved by reacting the copolymer with methylchlorocacetate (>99%, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich). 25.07 g of methylchloroacetate (0.224 mol, 2% molar excess with respect to total molar amine content of copolymer Example 1) is added to the reaction mixture. The reaction is allowed to continue, under reflux, for an additional hour to ensure that all amine groups are quaternized, and a viscosity increase is observed. Excess methylchloroacetate is removed by rotary evaporation to yield a viscous pale yellow fluid.
• methylchlorocacetate >99%, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich
• Figure 1 is a graphical representation of viscosity verses percent (%) excess amine of copolymers of Examples 7-10 and Comparative Examples 3-6 that were prepared using DEAPA and MEA, respectively.
• a key feature and benefit of the present invention is the ability to achieve high molecular weight copolymers with little consequence in viscosity. This circumvents issues associated with handling and formulation of typically high molecular weight, high viscosity copolymers.
• the relationship between viscosity of the copolymers of Examples 7-10 and Comparative Examples 3-6 and their respective molar % excess amine and molecular weight is presented in Figures 1 and 2.
• Figure 2 is a graphical representation of viscosity verses molecular weight of copolymers of Examples 7-10 and Comparative Examples 3-6 that were prepared using DEAPA and MEA, respectively.
• Example 15 is a microemulsion prepared from an emulsion concentrate comprising: TDA-10 surfactant (Ethox Chemical LLC), 11%, Tergitol 15-S-15, 2.8%, Butylcarbitol, 9%, Emulsogen, 5%, water, 5.7% and the copolymer of Example 1 (prepared with 8% molar excess amine) 66.5%.
• Example 16 is a microemulsion prepared from an emulsion concentrate comprising: TDA-IO surfactant (Ethox Chemical LLC), 11%, Tergitol 15-S-15 (Dow Chemical Co.), 2.8%, Butylcarbitol (Dow Chemical Co.), 9%, Emulsogen (Clarient), 5%, water, 5.7% and a copolymer prepared following the same procedure as that used for the copolymer of Example 1, however, with a stoichiometric amount of amine (0% molar excess amine), 66.5%.
• Example 17 is a microemulsion prepared from an emulsion concentrate comprising: TDA-6 surfactant (Ethox Chemical LLC), 10.5%, TDA- 12 surfactant (Ethox Chemical LLC), 1.8%, Glacial Acetic Acid (Fisher Chemicals), 0.4%, Sodium Acetate (Fisher Chemicals), 0.3%, Deionized Water, 67% and Example 2, the quaternary amine analog of Example 1 (where 100% of the amine groups in the polymer are quatemized with methylchloroacetate), 20%.
• Comparative Example 7 Magnetic JS S ® , a commercial textile enhancer from Momentive Performance Materials, Tarrytown, NY is a microemulsion prepared from an emulsion concentrate comprising: TDA- 10 surfactant (Ethox Chemical LLC), 11%, Tergitol 15-S-15, 2.8%, Butylcarbitol, 9%, Emulsogen, 5%, water, 4.7%, 20% (w/w) aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (Fisher Scientific), 1%, and Silsoft ® A-553, 66.5% (Silsoft ® A-553 is a random (AB) n amino- polysiloxane-polyalkyleneoxide copolymer, prepared from reacting M*D 5 oM*, where M* is a glycidyloxypropyl group, with DER 732, using 23% molar excess amine).
• TDA- 10 surfactant Ethox Chemical LLC
• Tergitol 15-S-15 2.8%
• M* is glycidyloxypropyl groups.
• the copolymer concentration in the treatment composition was such that the effective add-on level to the fabric was 0.5% (based on 100% wet pickup). Curing conditions were 130 0 C for 5 minutes. Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) was used to measured softness and slickness of the treated fabric and the results are summarized in Table 3.
• Kawabata Evaluation System KS was used to measured softness and slickness of the treated fabric and the results are summarized in Table 3.
• the silicone active was microemulsified prior to addition into the conditioner base.
• the microemulsion contains 20% silicone active, 10% Tergitol TMN- 10 (Union Carbide), 3% glycerin and water.
• the pH was adjusted to 4 with acetic acid.
• Virgin European black hair and double bleached blond hair (4 g tresses, 15 cm long) were purchased from Hair International Inc. Prior to washing, each tress was dipped into 0.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution for two minutes and subsequently rinsed for two minutes with tap water. Each tress was then washed with 1 ml of a 10% SLES solution and rinsed using a standard wash protocol. After washing, the wet tresses were combed with a fine teeth comb, dried in a blow drier bonnet and kept overnight in a environmental chamber at 50 % relative humidity before combing force measurements. These clean tresses were used to measure the baseline combing force, according to the combing force protocol described below.
• the tresses were washed again with the SLES (sodium lauryl ethyl sulfate) solution and treated with a conditioner (1 ml/tress) as described below. After rinsing, drying and combing, the treated tresses were kept overnight in an environmental chamber at 50 % relative humidity before combing force measurements were performed.
• SLES sodium lauryl ethyl sulfate

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