WO2009129871A1 - Brandmeldervorrichtung sowie verfahren zur branddetektion - Google Patents
Brandmeldervorrichtung sowie verfahren zur branddetektion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009129871A1 WO2009129871A1 PCT/EP2008/065999 EP2008065999W WO2009129871A1 WO 2009129871 A1 WO2009129871 A1 WO 2009129871A1 EP 2008065999 W EP2008065999 W EP 2008065999W WO 2009129871 A1 WO2009129871 A1 WO 2009129871A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- camera
- sensor
- camera device
- evaluation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
- G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire detection device for detecting fires and / or fire features in a surveillance area with a camera device for recording image data in the surveillance area and having an evaluation device which is designed by evaluating the image data
- the invention further relates to a method for fire detection.
- Fire alarm systems include fire alarms as sensor devices for the detection of fire, smoke, flames or other fire characteristics and are used both in public buildings, such as schools or museums, as well as in private buildings.
- the majority of the fire detectors can be roughly divided into two groups, a first group relating to so-called punctiform fire detectors, e.g. be used in offices or children's rooms, so in smaller rooms.
- the point fire detectors are usually installed on the ceiling and detect a fire or spreading smoke by optical, thermal or chemical detection at exactly one point.
- These fire detectors have the advantage that e.g. Rising smoke, which collects under the ceiling, is detected very quickly.
- a disadvantage of these fire detectors that in larger rooms, such as warehouses, several fire detectors must be used, otherwise not the entire area can be covered.
- Document DE 10 246 056 A1 discloses a smoke detector comprising an image sensor and a light source. This smoke detector is for example as
- Ceiling smoke detector is used and is designed so that the focus point of Profaufhehmers is adjusted about 10 cm below the housing of the smoke detector.
- a light source can additionally be activated, which illuminates the focus point. Due to the near focus point, this smoke detector has background images compared to images from the nearest environment
- the document DE 100 114 11 Al which forms probably the closest prior art, relates to a fire detector, which uses a video camera or an infrared camera as an image sensor, wherein the image sensor is set so that a large
- the fire detection is carried out via an object analysis, wherein individual objects of the scene are automatically analyzed, in particular with regard to whether these objects are obscured by smoke, heat strains or fire, namely by the currently recorded objects are compared with stored objects.
- the invention relates to a fire alarm device with the features of claim 1 and a method for fire detection with the features of claim 14.
- a fire alarm device which is suitable and / or designed for detecting fires and / or fire features, in particular fire signs, in a surveillance area.
- the detection preferably takes place via primary fire characteristics, such as, for example, optical emissions, in particular fire or embers, and / or via secondary fire characteristics, such as, for example, smoke, smoke or heat streaks.
- the fire alarm device has a camera device, which is designed and / or arranged to receive image data in the monitoring area.
- the camera device can be of any desired design, as long as it provides image data, that is to say in particular one or two-dimensional pixel fields, from the monitoring area.
- An evaluation device of the fire alarm device is designed to evaluate the image data in the context of digital and / or analog image processing algorithms and to detect a fire or fire characteristics or fire signs.
- the evaluation device is used for determining and / or evaluating a
- Alarm threshold for the detection of a fire based on the image data.
- the fire alarm device is designed as a multi-criteria detector and comprises at least one further sensor device for fire detection.
- the advantage of the invention lies in the fact that by supplementing the fire alarm device by one, two or more further sensor devices, the detection is carried out by independent sensor systems and / or different measuring methods. As a result, the detection performance can be increased and the
- the camera device and the sensor device or sensor devices are realized in a common structure and / or in a common housing.
- a common structure is preferably a one-piece and / or ready-to-install unit to understand.
- the common structure or the common housing has only one common interface to the power supply and data transmission for the camera device and the sensor device or devices.
- the fire alarm device can be installed by a user both mechanically and signal technically in a simple and error-prone manner.
- the at least one further sensor device as an optical, thermal, chemical and / or - A -
- the Ionisationsunternose sensor device formed.
- the sensor device can be carried out, for example, by the scattered light method (Tyndall effect), via a temperature sensor or via a carbon monoxide or dioxide detection. Another possibility is the use of a Ionisationsrauchmelder Surprise which works with a radioactive radiator.
- the fire alarm device may comprise one, two or more such sensor devices.
- the camera device is designed as a CCD or CMO S camera, preferably sensitive in the visible region (VIS). These camera devices are used for example in current camera phones and are inexpensive. Alternatively or additionally, the camera device can also be sensitive in a near infrared region NIR, ie, for example, with a wavelength range of up to 1100 nanometers or even in an infrared range, ie at a wavelength greater than 1100 nanometers, or in a far infrared range at wavelengths preferably greater than 3000 nanometers be. In the latter
- Observation wavelengths is preferably a FIR camera or a thermopile camera used.
- the fire alarm device comprises a lighting device which is designed to illuminate the camera field of view or parts thereof.
- a lighting device e.g. Reflections smoke or smoke detected or illuminated sections of the surveillance area.
- the illumination device can optionally be embodied as infrared illumination, so that even in darkness sufficient detection can be ensured and / or images or image data of the surveillance area can be supplied without, however, producing disturbing, visible light emissions.
- the fire alarm device is designed as a point-shaped detector and / or as a ceiling system.
- Such point detectors are preferably installed in small rooms, such as children's rooms or offices, and have a surveillance area which extends radially around the detectors.
- emissions of fires such as smoke, smoke, but also heat streaks, preferably under the ceiling to accumulate or accumulate and due to the concentration particularly easy to detect are.
- the viewing direction ie the main viewing direction of the camera device, is directed to the ground in an installed state. In other words, the viewing direction of the camera device is positioned perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the ceiling extension.
- the camera device has a maximum viewing angle of at least 120 °, preferably at least 150 ° and in particular at least 180 °.
- a maximum viewing angle becomes, for example, a fisheye, suitable lenses, prisms, but also diffractive or reflective ones
- the maximum viewing angle is measured in a plane in which the vector of the viewing direction of the camera device is also located.
- the choice of the very large maximum viewing angle ensures that the camera device monitors areas near the ceiling or the ceiling itself at least in sections, wherein in the monitored areas - as already explained - accumulation of fire signs in a fire is to be expected.
- the suppression can be done on the one hand static, so that, for example, a mechanical aperture is used.
- the suppression is dynamic, in particular in the way that the configuration of the camera device is selected so that the hidden area is not evaluated by the evaluation.
- Object movements are expected to complicate a reliable evaluation.
- a central or central region of the field of view of at least 60 °, preferably at least 90 ° and in particular of 120 ° is hidden, which is covered in a design as a ceiling system through the blind area of the bottom area.
- means are provided to compensate for different lighting conditions in the surveillance area, for example via standardization of the image.
- the camera device and / or the evaluation device or both are jointly designed as an embedded system.
- Such embedded systems preferably refer to an electronic computer or computer embedded in a technical context, in this case image acquisition and image processing. The use of an embedded system further reduces the energy consumption of the already very energy-efficient fire alarm device.
- the data and energy connection takes place via a fieldbus. Due to the fact that the energy requirement is so low, this cost-effective and simple way of wiring can be selected. In particular, no separate power supply, as is usually the case with laser sensors, is necessary.
- the field bus may be formed, for example, as a common two-wire line or a four-wire line.
- the camera device and / or the evaluation device and / or the illumination source can automatically switch between an energy-saving idle state and a monitoring state.
- the evaluation device is activated, for example, only at the relevant measuring times, the image data is evaluated, optionally stored and then deactivated again, e.g. by switching on a sleep mode (sleep mode).
- the lighting can only be activated together with the camera device or as a function of the lighting conditions of the surveillance area.
- the evaluation of the sensor signals in the evaluation takes place independently of each other.
- the evaluation of the sensor signals in the evaluation takes place independently of each other.
- Sensitivity fixed which is triggered when exceeding the sensitivity of a single of the devices, a fire signal.
- the sensor signals are considered in their entirety, with a summary of the individual sensor results to a common sensor signal. For example, the combination of individual sensor signals, which have not yet exceeded the set sensitivity, in their entirety lead to the triggering of a fire signal.
- the evaluation device for adjusting the sensitivity of the camera device or its evaluation and / or the sensor device is formed on the basis of the current sensor signals of the devices.
- the fire alarm device adapts its sensitivity on the basis of the sensor signals of the devices.
- One possible adaptation is that when a set limit is exceeded in one of the devices, the sensitivities of the other devices are increased. For example, after the evaluation of the
- Sensor signal of a device in particular the camera device, the sensitivities or alarm thresholds of other devices are increased.
- the image data are transmitted via the data connection, in particular via the fieldbus, to a fire alarm center, so that these can be documented and / or serve to verify the fire signal, in particular in the case of a fire signal.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for fire detection with the features of claim 14, preferably using the fire alarm device according to one of the preceding claims or as just described.
- a detection of fires and / or fire characteristics is carried out and optionally output a fire signal.
- Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fire alarm device as an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 shows a first alternative embodiment of the fire alarm device in Figure 1 in a schematic cross-sectional view
- FIG 3 shows a second alternative embodiment of the fire alarm device in Figure 1 in the same representation as Figure 2.
- FIG. 1 shows in a highly schematic block diagram a fire alarm device 1 which comprises a camera device 2 and one or more further sensor devices 3 for fire detection.
- the camera device 2 and the sensor devices 3 are arranged in, on or on a common housing 4.
- the camera device 2 has an optical device 5, which is formed for example as a fish eye and includes a field of view with a maximum viewing angle alpha of at least 180 °.
- the viewing angle alpha is measured in the same plane as the main observation direction 6 of the camera device 2.
- the camera device 2 is designed so that it has a depth of field of focus, which begins at a distance greater than 1 m, so that the evaluation of the image data of the camera device 2 with respect to the changes of abstract image features, such as structures, colors, intensities , Textures, etc. can be done in the surveillance area.
- the further sensor devices 3 are designed, for example, as an optical sensor, in particular a scattered light sensor, a thermal sensor, in particular a temperature sensor, and / or as a chemical sensor, in particular a CO or CO2 sensor.
- the sensor signals of the camera device 2 and the further sensor devices 3 are guided into an evaluation device 7, which detects a fire or fire characteristics in a monitoring area by evaluating the sensor signals.
- the fire detection device 1 For data transmission, in particular for the transmission of a fire signal or an image data signal, and for power supply, the fire detection device 1 has an interface 8, which is designed for connection to a field bus, in particular a two-wire fieldbus or a four-wire fieldbus.
- a fire signal is sent together with image data of the camera device 2 via the fieldbus, so that, for example, in a fire alarm center, the fire can be verified by the personnel.
- Camera device 2 or the sensor devices 3 can close a fire.
- the sensor signals of the devices 2, 3 are considered together, for example, a weighting function can be used, which links the sensor signals or the evaluations of the sensor signals together.
- a warning signal it is possible, for example, for a warning signal to be emitted, even if all the sensor signals are below a predetermined, individual limit value, but the totality of the sensor signals indicates a fire.
- a further embodiment of the method can be provided that upon detection of a possible fire or a fire feature by one of the devices, either by the camera device 2 or by one of the
- Sensor devices 3, the remaining devices 2, 3 are increased in sensitivity. This procedure normally allows fault-free and false alarm-free operation. However, as soon as only one of the devices 2, 3 shows an indication of a fire or a fire feature, the sensitivities of the other devices 2, 3 are increased, so that the fire detection is improved.
- the camera device 2 can be made sensitive in the visible range, in modified embodiments it is an infrared camera.
- a lighting device 9 may be integrated in the housing 2, which for illuminating the monitoring area in the observation area of Camera device 2 is formed.
- the illumination source is likewise designed as an infrared light source, in particular without or only with low spectral components in the visible range.
- the fire alarm device 1 With the aim of making the fire alarm device 1 energy-saving, it is proposed to periodically activate and deactivate the devices 2, 3 or the evaluation device 7, with an activation frequency of 1 to 15 hertz being preferred.
- the illumination source 9 is preferably activated or deactivated together with the camera device 2.
- at least the evaluation device 7 is embodied as an embedded system (embedded hardware platform), which likewise operates in an energy-optimized or at least energy-saving manner.
- FIG. 2 shows a first example of application of the fire alarm device 1 of the FIGURE
- the point-type detector is mounted centrally in a room on the ceiling 10, so that the detection area in the room is as comprehensive as possible. Due to the wide field of view with the maximum viewing angle alpha of the camera device 2 it is ensured that even areas 11 close to the ceiling revolve around the
- Fire detection device 1 and optionally also the corners of the room to be observed. This has the advantage that can be detected in the ceiling smoke, smoke or heat in the form of heat streaks detected in a simple and effective manner. In addition, with this design, it is possible to monitor a spatially extended area despite the construction of a point detector.
- the sensor devices 3 are implemented in FIG. 2 as an infrared measuring section 12, a temperature sensor 13 and a gas sensor 14.
- FIG. 3 shows a modification of the application example in FIG. 2, wherein, in contrast to FIG. 2, a blind area 12 is hidden in the central area of the field of view with an angle ⁇ .
- the blanking of the blind area 12 from the field of view of the camera device 2 can take place on the one hand by a mechanical diaphragm, on the other hand also by a program-technical measure or configuration of the camera device 2.
- This design has the advantage that the camera device observes only areas 11 near the ceiling, whereas floor areas are disabled, in which often movements may occur, which may possibly lead to false alarms.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1019849.7A GB2472728B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-11-21 | Fire detector device and method for fire detection |
US12/988,893 US20110058037A1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-11-21 | Fire detection device and method for fire detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008001391.9A DE102008001391B4 (de) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Brandmeldervorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Branddetektion |
DE102008001391.9 | 2008-04-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009129871A1 true WO2009129871A1 (de) | 2009-10-29 |
Family
ID=40291010
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/065999 WO2009129871A1 (de) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-11-21 | Brandmeldervorrichtung sowie verfahren zur branddetektion |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110058037A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008001391B4 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2472728B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009129871A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110304728A1 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Owrutsky Jeffrey C | Video-Enhanced Optical Detector |
KR101339405B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-12-09 | 주식회사 팔콘 | 실시간 화재감지 및 화재정보전달 방법 |
US20150213697A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2015-07-30 | Xtralis Technologies Ltd | Multi-mode detection |
CN103021147A (zh) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-04-03 | 常州普适信息科技有限公司 | 校园管理网络系统 |
US10565835B2 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2020-02-18 | Rtc Inc. | Control and monitoring of light-emitting-diode (LED) bulbs |
DE102014216644A1 (de) | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Branddetektionsvorrichtung zur Detektion eines Brandes sowie Verfahren zur Detektion eines Brandes mit der Branddetektionsvorrichtung |
WO2017065808A1 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and system for adjusting the field of view of a flame detector |
US10600057B2 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2020-03-24 | Kenexis Consulting Corporation | Evaluating a placement of optical fire detector(s) based on a plume model |
EP3531386B1 (de) * | 2016-10-24 | 2024-06-12 | Hochiki Corporation | Feuerüberwachungssystem |
US20190116341A1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-18 | Alfaplus Semiconductor Inc. | Smart sensor apparatus |
CN110874907A (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 基于光谱相机的火焰识别方法 |
FI3891711T3 (fi) | 2018-12-07 | 2024-04-26 | Carrier Corp | Menetelmä liekinilmaisimen optista kohdistamista ja näkökentän eheyden tarkistamista varten sekä järjestelmä |
TWI694382B (zh) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-05-21 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | 具深度視覺之煙霧偵測方法 |
US11080990B2 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-08-03 | Factory Mutual Insurance Company | Portable 360-degree video-based fire and smoke detector and wireless alerting system |
CN111915833A (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-10 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | 受限空间内火灾多元探测装置及探测方法 |
US20220148411A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Collective anomaly detection systems and methods |
CN114067517A (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 江西省力安智能科技有限公司 | 一种独立式烟感装置及其运行控制方法 |
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EP0591585A1 (de) * | 1991-07-31 | 1994-04-13 | Mutuo Tanaka | Fernüberwachungseinheit |
WO2000014693A1 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Brandmelder und brandmeldeanlage |
WO2003102889A1 (de) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-11 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Brandmelder und brandmeldeanlage |
DE10339437A1 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-16 | M.U.T. Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Minimierung von Fehlalarmen von Brandmeldeeinrichtungen |
WO2006008146A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Smoke alarm system |
US20060273896A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-07 | Lawrence Kates | System and method for variable threshold sensor |
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DE69211553T2 (de) * | 1992-10-09 | 1996-11-28 | Mutuo Tanaka | Fernüberwachungseinheit |
US5486811A (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1996-01-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fire detection and extinguishment system |
JPH10302178A (ja) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-13 | Nippon Dry Chem Co Ltd | 炎感知器及び炎感知方法 |
US6831680B1 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2004-12-14 | Coastal Optical Systems, Inc. | Method and system of monitoring an aircraft using a fisheye lens system |
DE10011411C2 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2003-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Bildgebender Brandmelder |
DE10246056A1 (de) | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Rauchmelder |
US7839431B2 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2010-11-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Image processing system and method for improving repeatability |
-
2008
- 2008-04-25 DE DE102008001391.9A patent/DE102008001391B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-21 US US12/988,893 patent/US20110058037A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-21 GB GB1019849.7A patent/GB2472728B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-21 WO PCT/EP2008/065999 patent/WO2009129871A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0591585A1 (de) * | 1991-07-31 | 1994-04-13 | Mutuo Tanaka | Fernüberwachungseinheit |
WO2000014693A1 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Brandmelder und brandmeldeanlage |
WO2003102889A1 (de) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-11 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Brandmelder und brandmeldeanlage |
DE10339437A1 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-16 | M.U.T. Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Minimierung von Fehlalarmen von Brandmeldeeinrichtungen |
WO2006008146A1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-26 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Smoke alarm system |
US20060273896A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-07 | Lawrence Kates | System and method for variable threshold sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2472728A (en) | 2011-02-16 |
GB2472728B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
US20110058037A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
GB201019849D0 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
DE102008001391A1 (de) | 2009-10-29 |
DE102008001391B4 (de) | 2017-06-01 |
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