WO2009125577A1 - 撮像装置、撮像システムおよび撮像方法 - Google Patents
撮像装置、撮像システムおよび撮像方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125577A1 WO2009125577A1 PCT/JP2009/001598 JP2009001598W WO2009125577A1 WO 2009125577 A1 WO2009125577 A1 WO 2009125577A1 JP 2009001598 W JP2009001598 W JP 2009001598W WO 2009125577 A1 WO2009125577 A1 WO 2009125577A1
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- imaging
- temperature
- image
- lens
- shielding wall
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/61—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise the noise originating only from the lens unit, e.g. flare, shading, vignetting or "cos4"
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/63—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/63—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current
- H04N25/633—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current by using optical black pixels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
- H04N25/671—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction
- H04N25/673—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction by using reference sources
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a small and highly accurate image pickup apparatus, and more particularly to an image pickup apparatus provided with a plurality of lenses.
- FIG. 1 As a conventional imaging apparatus, there is an imaging apparatus including a lens array in which a plurality of lenses are integrally formed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 the imaging apparatus of Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 30 and 31.
- FIG. 1 the imaging apparatus of Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 30 and 31.
- FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view of the imaging device 901 of Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an imaging block of the imaging device 901 of Patent Document 1.
- the imaging device 901 includes a diaphragm member 902, an optical block array 903, a light blocking block 904, an optical filter 906, an imaging unit 907, a drive circuit 908, a parallax calculation circuit 909, and a semiconductor substrate 910. Prepare.
- the diaphragm member 902 is a member that adjusts the amount of light incident on the optical block array 903, and has a plurality of openings 902a, 902b, 902c, and 902d.
- the optical block array 903 is a so-called lens array, and is a member in which a plurality of optical blocks 903a, 903b, 903c, and 903d whose optical axes are substantially parallel to each other are integrally formed.
- Each optical block 903a, 903b, 903c, and 903d is disposed corresponding to each opening 902a, 902b, 902c, and 902d of the diaphragm member 902.
- the light shielding block 904 is a member that prevents light incident from each opening of the diaphragm member 902 from reaching an imaging block other than the corresponding imaging block.
- the optical filter 906 is a member composed of an optical low-pass filter, an infrared cut filter, and the like.
- the imaging unit 907 includes a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor, and imaging blocks 907a, 907b, 907c corresponding to each of the plurality of optical blocks 903a, 903b, 903c, and 903d included in the optical block array 903, and 907d.
- a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor
- the drive circuit 908 is a circuit that is installed on the semiconductor substrate 910 and drives the imaging unit 907.
- the parallax calculation circuit 909 is a circuit for calculating the parallax of the image formed on each imaging block.
- the semiconductor substrate 910 is a substrate on which the imaging unit 907, the drive circuit 908, the parallax calculation circuit 909, and the like are installed.
- Light that has passed through the openings 902a, 902b, 902c, and 902d of the aperture member 902 is refracted by the optical blocks 903a, 903b, 903c, and 903d, and then passes through the light shielding block 904 and the optical filter 906.
- the images are formed on the imaging blocks 907a, 907b, 907c, and 907d.
- the parallax calculation circuit 909 calculates the similarity between blocks of the image obtained from the imaging block 907a and the image obtained from the imaging block 907b by block matching calculation. Then, the parallax calculation circuit 909 obtains the parallax d based on the calculated similarity. Then, the parallax calculation circuit 909 calculates the distance L from the parallax d using Equation (1).
- f is the focal length of the optical blocks 903a and 903b.
- B is the distance between the optical axis of the optical block 903a and the optical axis of the optical block 903b.
- p is the pixel interval of the imaging unit 907 in the direction connecting the optical axes of the optical block 903a and the optical block 903b.
- the imaging device 901 including the optical block array 903 can calculate the distance to the subject.
- the shape of the optical block array 903 changes as the temperature changes. That is, when the temperature changes, the distance between the optical axes changes, and there is a problem that the error of the distance calculated by the equation (1) becomes large.
- the change amount z of the distance between the optical axes is calculated using Equation (2).
- aL is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the optical block array
- aS is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the imaging unit.
- T0 is a reference temperature
- B is a distance of the optical axis between the optical blocks at the reference temperature T0.
- the imaging apparatus corrects the image obtained by each imaging block using the change amount z of the distance between the optical axes obtained in this way.
- the imaging apparatus uses the images I2, I3, and I4 obtained by the imaging blocks 907b, 907c, and 907d as the expressions. Correction is performed using (4), (5), and (6).
- optical axes of the optical block 903a and the optical block 903b and the optical axes of the optical block 903c and the optical block 903d are arranged at a distance B from each other in the x-axis direction.
- the optical axes of the optical block 903a and the optical block 903c and the optical axes of the optical block 903b and the optical block 903d are arranged at a distance B apart from each other in the y-axis direction.
- I1 (x, y), I2 (x, y), I3 (x, y), and I4 (x, y) represent the luminance of the image before and after correction at the coordinates (x, y). Show.
- the imaging apparatus corrects I2 (x, y) so as to move by z / p in the x-axis direction as in Expression (4).
- the imaging apparatus corrects I3 (x, y) so as to move by z / p in the y-axis direction as in Expression (5).
- the imaging apparatus corrects I4 (x, y) so as to move by z / p pixels in the x-axis direction and z / p pixels in the y-axis direction, as in Expression (6).
- the distance measurement accuracy of the imaging apparatus can be improved by calculating the distance to the subject using the image corrected in this way.
- an object of the present invention is to reduce the number of temperature sensors mounted in an imaging apparatus that requires temperature measurement.
- an imaging apparatus is an imaging apparatus that captures an image of a subject, and is provided with a lens array having a plurality of lenses, a predetermined distance from the lens array, and the plurality of lenses An imaging element having an imaging area corresponding to each of the lenses, and between the lens array and the imaging element so that light passing through each lens does not reach an imaging area different from the imaging area corresponding to the lens.
- a light shielding wall that divides the space, an imaging signal input unit that generates an imaging signal obtained by converting an electrical signal output by the imaging element into a digital value, and the imaging signal projected onto the imaging surface of the imaging element from the imaging signal
- a temperature estimation unit that identifies a length of the image of the light shielding wall and estimates the first temperature using the identified length of the image of the light shielding wall.
- the imaging apparatus can measure the temperature without including a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature.
- the imaging device is further arranged near the lens array and detects the second temperature, and the reliability of the second temperature is determined based on the first temperature and the second temperature. You may provide the reliability calculation part to calculate. Specifically, the reliability calculation unit may calculate the reliability so that the reliability of the second temperature decreases as the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature increases.
- the imaging apparatus further estimates a change amount of a distance between the optical axes of the plurality of lenses when the temperature changes from a predetermined temperature to the second temperature, and uses the estimated change amount to perform the imaging.
- a temperature compensation calculation unit that corrects information obtained from the signal and information corrected by the temperature compensation calculation unit are used to calculate the parallax of the images captured in the plurality of imaging regions and the distance to the subject. You may provide a distance calculating part.
- the imaging apparatus further notifies the outside when the reliability calculated by the reliability calculation unit exceeds a predetermined value and thus it is determined that the reliability of the second temperature is low. You may provide the alerting
- the imaging apparatus further includes a cylindrical barrel installed so as to surround the light shielding wall between the lens array and the imaging element, and the barrel is at least a pair of inner wall surfaces.
- the light shielding wall is a rectangular plate-like member that is installed with its side end fitted into the groove of the lens barrel and that extends from the imaging surface of the image sensor toward the lens array. Yes, having at least two protrusions protruding from the same plate surface of the plate-like member, and the temperature estimation part estimates the first temperature using the length of the image between the protrusions. Good.
- the imaging apparatus further includes a cylindrical barrel installed so as to surround the light shielding wall between the lens array and the imaging element, and the barrel is at least a pair of inner wall surfaces.
- the light shielding wall can be stably installed, and the accuracy of calculating the length of the image of the light shielding wall projected on the imaging surface can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature estimation. Is possible.
- the imaging system includes the imaging device and a system control unit that performs predetermined control based on the distance to the subject and the reliability calculated by the imaging device.
- an imaging method includes a lens array having a plurality of lenses, an imaging element that is installed at a predetermined distance from the lens array and has an imaging region corresponding to each of the plurality of lenses, Imaging used in an imaging apparatus including a light shielding wall that partitions a space between the lens array and the imaging element so that light that has passed through the lens does not reach an imaging area different from the imaging area corresponding to the lens.
- An image pickup signal input step for generating an image pickup signal obtained by converting an electric signal output from the image pickup element into a digital value, and an image of the light shielding wall projected from the image pickup signal onto the image pickup surface of the image pickup element.
- a temperature estimation step of estimating the temperature using the identified length of the image of the light shielding wall.
- the present invention can also be realized as a program for executing the steps included in such an imaging method.
- a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) or a communication network such as the Internet.
- the present invention makes it possible to reduce the number of temperature sensors mounted in an imaging apparatus that requires temperature measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention with the lens barrel and lens array removed.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a lens array provided in the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a light shielding wall provided in the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of an image sensor provided in the image pickup apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an image of the light shielding wall projected onto the image sensor included in the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention with the lens barrel and lens array removed.
- FIG. 3 is
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a characteristic functional configuration of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing relating to temperature estimation executed by the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention with the lens barrel and lens array removed.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensor provided in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a characteristic functional configuration of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the imaging position of an object image at infinity in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the imaging position of an object image at a finite distance in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a cut-out position of the image pickup signal of the image pickup apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the distance calculation unit provided in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining block division in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a calculation area of parallax evaluation values according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the shift amount and the parallax evaluation value according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the temperature estimation operation of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a position and a dark part where an imaging signal corresponding to a light-shielding wall is cut out among imaging signals of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an imaging system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a lens barrel according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 25A is a perspective view of a light shielding wall according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 25B is a perspective view of a light shielding wall according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 26A is a diagram for explaining an image of a light shielding wall according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 26B is a diagram for explaining an image of a light shielding wall according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 27A is a plan view of a lens of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 27B is a plan view of the lens of the imaging device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 28A is a perspective view of a light shielding wall of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 28B is a perspective view of the light shielding wall of the imaging device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 29A is a diagram showing an imaging signal of the light shielding wall according to the present invention.
- FIG. 29B is a diagram showing an imaging signal of the light shielding wall according to the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional imaging device.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an imaging block of a conventional imaging device.
- Embodiment 1 The imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is capable of calculating the amount of change due to the temperature of the image of the light shielding wall projected onto the imaging surface of the image sensor, and estimating the temperature using the calculated amount of change. Has characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an imaging apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the imaging apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention with the lens barrel 111 and the lens array 112 removed.
- the imaging apparatus 100 includes a lens module unit 110 and a circuit unit 120.
- the lens module unit 110 includes a lens barrel 111, a lens array 112, and a light shielding wall 113
- the circuit unit 120 includes a substrate 121, an image sensor 122, and a system LSI (hereinafter referred to as SLSI) 123.
- SLSI system LSI
- the lens barrel 111 is a rectangular parallelepiped cylindrical member formed integrally with resin, and is installed at a position surrounding the periphery of the lens array 112 and the image sensor 122. Further, the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 111 is matte black to prevent irregular reflection of light.
- the lens array 112 is made of glass, transparent resin, or the like, and includes a first lens unit 112a, a second lens unit 112b, a third lens unit 112c, and a fourth lens unit 112d.
- the lens array 112 is bonded to the upper part of the inner wall of the lens barrel 111 using an adhesive or the like. Details of the lens array 112 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the light shielding wall 113 provides a space between the lens array 112 and the image sensor 122 so that light that has passed through each lens unit of the lens array 112 does not reach an imaging region different from the imaging region corresponding to the lens unit. It is a member to divide. Details of the light shielding wall 113 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the substrate 121 is a resin plate-like member that constitutes an electronic circuit by fixing components such as the image sensor 122 and the SLSI 123 to the surface and connecting the components with wiring.
- the bottom surface of the lens barrel 111 is bonded to the top surface of the substrate 121 with an adhesive or the like.
- the image sensor 122 is a solid-state image sensor such as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor, and is arranged at a predetermined distance from the lens array 112.
- the imaging element 122 has an imaging area corresponding to each lens portion of the lens array 112. These imaging regions are arranged so as to be substantially perpendicular to the optical axes of the corresponding lens units.
- the image sensor 122 is electrically connected to the SLSI 123 via the gold wire 125 and the substrate 121. Details of the image sensor 122 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the SLSI 123 drives the image sensor 122 and acquires an electric signal from the driven image sensor 122. Furthermore, temperature is estimated based on the acquired electrical signal.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lens array 112 provided in the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- the lens array 112 includes a first lens part 112a, a second lens part 112b, a third lens part 112c, and a fourth lens part 112d arranged in a grid pattern.
- one of the arrangement directions of the lens portions is set as an x axis and the other is set as a y axis.
- the optical axes of the four lens units are installed so as to be substantially parallel to each other, and are installed so as to be substantially perpendicular to the imaging surface of the imaging device 122.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the light shielding wall 113 of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- the light shielding wall 113 is a member formed by combining two rectangular resin plates in a cross shape, and is fixed to the bottom surface of the lens array 112 with an adhesive or the like. Further, the wall surface of the light shielding wall 113 is black with a matte finish to prevent irregular reflection of light.
- the light shielding wall 113 is integrally formed by injection molding of resin.
- the light shielding wall 113 is disposed between the lens array 112 and the image sensor 122 so as to divide the first lens unit 112a, the second lens unit 112b, the third lens unit 112c, and the fourth lens unit 112d.
- the light emitted from each lens unit is shielded so as not to interfere.
- the shape of the light shielding wall 113 changes as the temperature changes.
- the size of the light shielding wall increases in proportion to the temperature.
- the light shielding wall 113 may be a combination of two rectangular resin plates instead of integral molding.
- the light shielding wall 113 is not limited to resin. That is, the light shielding wall 113 only needs to be a material that shields light and deforms as the temperature changes.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the image sensor 122 provided in the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- the image sensor 122 corresponds to four lens parts (a first lens part 112a, a second lens part 112b, a third lens part 112c, and a fourth lens part 112d) included in the lens array 112. It has four imaging areas (a first imaging area 122a, a second imaging area 122b, a third imaging area 122c, and a fourth imaging area 122d).
- each of these imaging areas only light from the subject that has passed through the corresponding lens section forms an image. That is, the light that has passed through each lens unit does not reach an imaging region different from the imaging region corresponding to the lens unit. That is, the light emitted from the first lens unit 112a is incident only on the first imaging region 122a. This is because the light shielding wall 113 blocks the light emitted from the first lens unit 112a from entering the second imaging region, the third imaging region, and the fourth imaging region.
- the image sensor 122 has a horizontal central imaging region 122x and a vertical central imaging region 122y corresponding to the position of the light shielding wall 113.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an image of the light shielding wall 113 projected onto the image sensor 122.
- the light shielding wall 113 is projected as dark portions 113qx and 113qy on the horizontal central imaging region 122x and the vertical central imaging region 122y of the image sensor 122.
- the lengths of the dark portions 113qx and 113qy are defined as lengths Qx and Qy, respectively.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a characteristic functional configuration of the imaging apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the imaging apparatus 100 includes an imaging signal input unit 133, a temperature estimation unit 143, a storage unit 146, and an input / output unit 135.
- the imaging signal input unit 133 is configured by an ADC (Analog / Digital Converter: Analog Digital Converter) or the like, and generates an imaging signal obtained by converting an electrical signal acquired from the imaging element 122 into a digital value.
- ADC Analog / Digital Converter: Analog Digital Converter
- the temperature estimation unit 143 uses the imaging signal generated by the imaging signal input unit 133 to calculate the length of the image of the light shielding wall 113 projected onto the imaging surface of the image sensor 122, thereby determining the temperature of the light shielding wall 113. presume.
- the storage unit 146 includes a flash memory or the like, and stores an image length and a thermal expansion coefficient of the light shielding wall 113 when the light shielding wall 113 is projected onto the imaging surface of the image sensor 122 at a predetermined temperature. Specifically, the temperature T0, the image length Qx0 of the light shielding wall 113 in the x-axis direction and the image length Qy0 of the light shielding wall 113 at the temperature T0, and the thermal linear expansion coefficient kq of the light shielding wall 113 are stored.
- the input / output unit 135 outputs the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit 143.
- the input / output unit 135 inputs a command from another device.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing relating to temperature estimation executed by the imaging apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the imaging signal input unit 133 generates an imaging signal obtained by converting the electrical signal acquired from the imaging element 122 into a digital value (step S100).
- the temperature estimation unit 143 cuts out the horizontal center imaging signal corresponding to the horizontal center imaging region 122x shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 from the imaging signals generated by the imaging signal input unit 133 (step S101). .
- the temperature estimation unit 143 cuts out a vertical center imaging signal corresponding to the vertical center imaging region 122y shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 from the imaging signals generated by the imaging signal input unit 133 (step S102). .
- the temperature estimation unit 143 detects the length of the dark portion 113qx, that is, the length Qx in the x-axis direction of the image of the light shielding wall 113, from the cut out horizontal center image signal (step S103). Specifically, the temperature estimation unit 143 binarizes the horizontal center image signal, and detects the length Qx from the coordinates of one end and the other end of the black portion using the binarized image signal.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 detects the length of the dark portion 113qy, that is, the length Qy of the image of the light shielding wall 113 in the y-axis direction from the vertical center image pickup signal (step S104).
- the temperature estimation unit 143 calculates the detected lengths Qx and Qy and the image lengths Qx0 and y-axis direction images of the light shielding wall 113 stored in the storage unit 146 in the x-axis direction at the temperature T0. Using the length Qy0 and the thermal expansion coefficient kq of the light shielding wall 113, an estimated temperature is calculated according to a predefined relational expression (step S105).
- the temperature estimation unit 143 calculates the temperatures Tx and Ty using the equations (7) and (8) obtained by formulating the change due to the temperature of the light shielding wall 113. And like Formula (9), the temperature estimation part 143 calculates the arithmetic mean value of temperature Tx and Ty as estimated temperature Te.
- kq is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the light shielding wall 113, and is a value determined by the material of the light shielding wall 113.
- the imaging apparatus can estimate the temperature using the shape change caused by the temperature change of the light shielding wall that is generally provided in the imaging apparatus having the lens array. That is, the imaging apparatus according to the present invention can estimate the temperature without including a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature.
- the estimated temperature estimated in this way can be used for temperature compensation when measuring the distance to the subject using the parallax between a plurality of images. Further, the estimated temperature can be used simply as a temperature displayed on a thermometer or the like.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 estimates the temperature using Expression (9), but stores the correspondence between the temperature and the length of the image of the light shielding wall for a plurality of temperatures.
- the temperature corresponding to the detected image length of the light shielding wall may be estimated by referring to the temperature estimation table.
- the storage unit 146 stores a temperature estimation table.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 may calculate the temperature using an equation different from the equation (9). For example, the temperature estimation unit 143 may calculate the temperature according to a second-order or higher-order polynomial having the length of the light shielding wall as a variable.
- the storage unit 146 stores polynomial coefficients. The coefficient of this polynomial is not limited to the coefficient of thermal expansion, the reference temperature, and the length of the light shielding wall at the reference temperature.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 estimates the temperature using the data stored in the storage unit 146. However, the temperature estimation unit 143 obtains data held in a device other than the imaging device 100 and calculates the temperature. It may be estimated.
- Embodiment 2 The imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention compares the temperature estimated by the same method as in Embodiment 1 with the temperature obtained from the temperature sensor, thereby improving the reliability of the temperature obtained from the temperature sensor. It is characterized in that it can be evaluated.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same components as those in Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state in which the lens barrel 111 and the lens array 112 provided in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention are removed.
- the imaging apparatus 101 of the second embodiment is different from the imaging apparatus 100 of the first embodiment in that a temperature sensor 124 is provided, but other components are the first embodiment.
- the temperature sensor 124 will be described.
- the temperature sensor 124 includes a thermistor and is a circuit that can detect the temperature. Specifically, it is configured as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of the temperature sensor 124 provided in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the temperature sensor 124 is a circuit in which a first fixed resistor 124a, a thermistor 124b, and a second fixed resistor 124c are sequentially connected in series.
- the end of the first fixed resistor 124a that is not connected to the thermistor 124b is connected to a power supply 124d (eg, 3.3V, a power supply different from the SLSI).
- the end of the second fixed resistor 124c that is not connected to the thermistor 124b is connected to the ground 124e (for example, 0 V, the same potential as the ground of the SLSI 123).
- a connection point 124 f between the first fixed resistor 124 a and the thermistor 124 b is connected to the SLSI 123.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a characteristic functional configuration of the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the imaging apparatus 101 includes a system control unit 131, an imaging element driving unit 132, an imaging signal input unit 133, a temperature sensor signal input unit 134, an input / output unit 135, a temperature compensation calculation unit 141, and a distance calculation unit. 142, a temperature estimation unit 143, a temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144, a notification unit 145, and a storage unit 146.
- the system control unit 131 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a logic circuit, and the like, and controls the entire SLSI 123.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- logic circuit and the like, and controls the entire SLSI 123.
- the image sensor driving unit 132 includes a logic circuit and the like, generates a signal for driving the image sensor 122 according to a command from the system control unit 131, and applies a voltage corresponding to the generated signal to the image sensor 122.
- a CDS circuit correlated double sampling circuit: Correlated Double Sampling Circuit
- AGC automatic gain controller: Automatic Gain Controller
- ADC analog / digital converter: Analog Digital Converter
- the temperature sensor signal input unit 134 is composed of an ADC or the like, and outputs a temperature sensor signal Ts obtained by converting a temperature sensor signal that is an analog voltage signal into a digital signal.
- the input / output unit 135 outputs the image data, the distance data, and the notification data to the outside of the imaging device 101.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 performs distortion correction of the imaging signal using the temperature sensor signal Ts. Specifically, the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 calculates the movement distance of the center of the optical axis of each lens unit as the temperature rises, and corrects the coordinate conversion table based on the calculated movement distance.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates distance data and the first imaging signal using the imaging signal and the coordinate conversion table.
- the first imaging signal is a signal corresponding to an image formed by the first lens unit in the first imaging region. The principle of distance data calculation will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 uses the imaging signal I0 output from the imaging signal input unit 133, and the length of the image of the light shielding wall 113 projected onto the imaging surface of the imaging element 122.
- the temperature of the light shielding wall 113 is estimated by calculating the height.
- the temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144 calculates the temperature sensor signal reliability so that the reliability decreases as the difference between the sensor temperature signal and the estimated temperature increases.
- the temperature sensor signal reliability is defined such that the lower the reliability, the larger the value.
- the notification unit 145 sets the value of the notification data to 1 when the temperature sensor signal reliability is equal to or higher than the set value, and sets the value of the notification data to 0 when the temperature sensor signal reliability is lower than the set value. That is, the notification unit 145 generates notification data having a value of 1 when the reliability is low.
- the storage unit 146 includes a flash memory or the like, and stores a predetermined temperature and the length of the image of the light shielding wall 113 at the predetermined temperature. Specifically, the temperature T0, the length Qx0 in the x-axis direction, the length Qy0 in the y-axis direction, and the thermal linear expansion coefficient kq of the light shielding wall 113 at the temperature T0 are stored.
- reporting part 145 only produces
- reporting part 145 may be provided with a means to alert
- the notification unit 145 may include an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and when the value of the notification data is 1, the LED may be turned on.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the imaging position of an object image at infinity in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Typical incident light L1 to the first lens portion 112a of light from the object 10 at infinity is parallel to typical incident light L2 to the second lens portion 112b.
- two objects 10 are drawn.
- the object 10 is a single object. That is, the incident light L1 and the incident light from the object 10 at infinity.
- L2 is parallel, two objects 10 at infinity are drawn.
- the optical axis of the first lens unit 112a and the optical axis of the second lens unit 112b are drawn. The distance between them is equal to the distance between the position at which the object image 11a is formed on the image sensor 122 and the position at which the object image 11b is formed. That is, the parallax that is the difference between the distance between the optical axes and the distance between the imaging positions does not occur.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an imaging position of an object image at a finite distance in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the typical incident light L1 to the first lens part 112a of the light from the object 12 at a finite distance is not parallel to the typical incident light L2 to the second lens part 112b. Therefore, compared with the distance between the optical axis of the first lens unit 112a and the optical axis of the second lens unit 112b, the position where the object image 13a is formed on the image sensor 122 and the object image 13b are formed.
- the distance to the location is long. That is, parallax occurs.
- the distance (subject distance) from the principal point of the first lens unit 112a to the object image 12 is A
- the distance between the optical axes of the first lens unit 112a and the second lens unit 112b is D
- the first lens unit 112a is the distance between the optical axes of the first lens unit 112a and the second lens unit 112b.
- the focal length of the second lens unit 112b is f.
- the relative positions of the four object images formed by the four lens portions 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d change according to the subject distance.
- the parallax value ⁇ increases. Therefore, the subject distance A can be obtained from the parallax value ⁇ by solving the equation (10) for the subject distance A as shown in the equation (11).
- ddx is the amount of change in the x-axis direction of the interval between the optical axes as the temperature rises, and the unit is the interval between the light receiving elements of the image sensor 122.
- ddy is the amount of change in the y-axis direction of the interval between the optical axes due to temperature rise, and the unit is the interval between the light receiving elements of the image sensor 122.
- Dx is the distance between the optical axes between the lenses in the x-axis direction at the reference temperature T0
- Dy is the distance between the optical axes between the lenses in the y-axis direction at the reference temperature T0.
- aL is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the lens array 112
- aS is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the image sensor 122.
- T is a temperature
- T0 is a reference temperature
- P is the interval between the light receiving elements of the image sensor 122.
- the center of the optical axis of each lens unit is half of the change in the distance between the optical axes between the lenses as the temperature rises ( It moves by p * ddx / 2 in the x-axis direction and p * ddy / 2) in the y-axis direction. That is, the optical axis center of the first lens unit 112a moves by ⁇ p * ddx / 2 in the x-axis direction and by ⁇ p * ddy / 2 in the y-axis direction.
- the center of the optical axis of the second lens portion 112b moves by + p * ddx / 2 in the x-axis direction and ⁇ p * ddy / 2 in the y-axis direction.
- the center of the optical axis of the third lens portion 112c moves by ⁇ p * ddx / 2 in the x-axis direction and + p * ddy / 2 in the y-axis direction.
- the optical axis center of the fourth lens portion 112d moves by + p * ddx / 2 in the x-axis direction and + p * ddy / 2 in the y-axis direction.
- the imaging apparatus can estimate the moving distance of the optical axis of each lens of the lens array 112 using the change amounts ddx and ddy obtained from the detected temperature T.
- the imaging apparatus can perform various types of compensation using the estimated movement distance of the optical axis.
- the imaging apparatus can reduce the influence of expansion of the lens array 112 due to temperature change, and obtain accurate parallax. That is, the imaging apparatus can obtain an accurate distance from an accurate parallax.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the imaging apparatus 101 starts the following operation.
- the imaging signal input unit 133 generates an imaging signal I0 from an electrical signal obtained from the imaging element 122 by a CDS circuit, AGC, and ADC (step S1020).
- the imaging signal input unit 133 receives the imaging signal I0 (x, y) having H0 pixels in the x-axis direction and V0 pixels in the y-axis direction as I0 (0,0), I0 (1,0), I0. Output in the order of (2, 0),..., I0 (H0-1, V0-1).
- the temperature sensor signal input unit 134 converts the temperature sensor signal, which is an analog voltage signal, into a digital value, and outputs the converted signal as the temperature sensor signal Ts (step S1030).
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 performs distortion correction of the imaging signal using the temperature sensor signal Ts (step S1100). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the coordinate conversion table is calculated based on the distance (p * ddx / 2, p * ddy / 2) that the center of the optical axis of each lens unit moves with the temperature rise. to correct.
- step S1100 a specific example of the process performed by the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 in step S1100 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a cut-out position of the image pickup signal of the image pickup apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 uses the conversion tables tx1 (x, y) and ty1 (x, y) for the first imaging signal I1 (x, y) using the equations (14), (15), and (16). Create.
- (x01, y01) is an origin coordinate when there is no distortion in the imaging signal I0.
- (xc1, yc1) is the optical axis center coordinates at the reference temperature T0 in the imaging signal I1 (x, y).
- ( ⁇ ddx / 2, ⁇ ddy / 2) is the amount of movement of the optical axis center due to temperature rise
- kd2 and kd4 are distortion coefficients.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 converts the conversion tables tx2 (x, y) and ty2 (x, y) for the second imaging signal I2 (x, y) into equations (17), (18), and (19). Create using.
- (x02, y02) is the origin coordinates when there is no distortion in the imaging signal I0.
- (xc2, yc2) is the optical axis center coordinates at the reference temperature T0 in the imaging signal I2 (x, y).
- (+ ddx / 2, -ddy / 2) is the amount of movement of the optical axis center due to temperature rise
- kd2 and kd4 are distortion coefficients.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 converts the conversion tables tx3 (x, y) and ty3 (x, y) for the third imaging signal I3 (x, y) into equations (20), (21), and (22). Create using.
- (x03, y03) is an origin coordinate when there is no distortion in the image signal I0.
- (xc3, yc3) is the optical axis center coordinate at the reference temperature T0 in the imaging signal I3 (x, y).
- ( ⁇ ddx / 2, + ddy / 2) is the amount of movement of the optical axis center due to temperature rise
- kd2 and kd4 are distortion coefficients.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 converts the conversion tables tx4 (x, y) and ty4 (x, y) for the fourth imaging signal I4 (x, y) into equations (23), (24), and (25).
- (x04, y04) is the origin coordinates when there is no distortion in the image signal I0.
- (xc4, yc4) is the optical axis center coordinate at the reference temperature T0 in the imaging signal I4 (x, y) I4 (x, y).
- (+ ddx / 2, + ddy / 2) is the amount of movement of the optical axis center due to temperature rise
- kd2 and kd4 are distortion coefficients.
- the distance calculation unit 142 captures the imaging signal I0 and the coordinate conversion tables tx1 (x, y), ty1 (x, y), tx2 (x, y), ty2 (x, y), tx3 (x, y ), Ty3 (x, y), tx4 (x, y), and ty4 (x, y) are used to generate the distance data DIS and the first imaging signal I1 (step S1200). Details of this processing will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 estimates the estimated temperature Te using the imaging signal I0 (step S1300). Details of this processing will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144 calculates the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr so that the reliability of the sensor temperature signal Ts decreases as the difference between the sensor temperature signal Ts and the estimated temperature Te increases (Ste S1400). Specifically, the temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144 calculates the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr using Expression (34).
- Te0 and Ts0 are offset values. Further, since the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr is defined as in the equation (34), the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr indicates that the smaller the value, the higher the reliability, and the higher the value, the lower the reliability. Indicates.
- the notification unit 145 sets the value of the notification data DDE to 1 when the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr is greater than or equal to the set value Tsr0, and sets the value of the notification data DDE when the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr is less than the set value Tsr0. Is set to 0.
- the notification data DDE is generated using Expression (35) (step S1500). That is, when the notification data DDE is 1, it indicates that the reliability of the temperature sensor signal Ts is low. On the other hand, when the notification data DDE is 0, it indicates that the temperature sensor signal Ts has high reliability.
- the input / output unit 135 outputs image data, distance data, reliability data, notification data, and the like to the outside of the imaging apparatus 101 (step S1910).
- the image data is the imaging signal I0 or the first imaging signal I1.
- the distance data is distance data DIS calculated by the distance calculation unit 142.
- the reliability data is the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr calculated by the temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144.
- the notification data is notification data DDE generated by the notification unit 145.
- the system control unit 131 determines whether or not to end the process (step S1920). For example, the system control unit 131 communicates with a host CPU (not shown) via the input / output unit 135 and requests an instruction as to whether or not to end the operation. Then, when an end command is received from the host CPU, the system control unit 131 determines to end the process.
- a host CPU not shown
- the system control unit 131 determines to end the process.
- Step S1920 when it is determined that the processing is not ended (N in Step S1920), the system control unit 131 repeats the processing from Step S1020 again. On the other hand, when it is determined that the process is to be ended (Y in step S1920), the system control unit 131 ends the process.
- step S1200 shown in FIG. 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the distance calculation unit 142 included in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the distance calculation unit 142 cuts out the image of the subject image formed by each lens unit from the imaging signal I0 (step S1220). In this image cutout process, a distortion correction process is also performed at the same time. That is, the distance calculation unit 142 includes the first imaging signal I1 (x, y) corresponding to the first lens unit 112a, the second imaging signal I2 (x, y) corresponding to the second lens unit 112b, and the third lens unit. A third imaging signal I3 (x, y) corresponding to 112c and a fourth imaging signal II4 (x, y) corresponding to the fourth lens unit 112d are created.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates the first from the imaging signal I0 (x, y) based on the coordinate conversion tables tx1 (x, y) and ty1 (x, y) as shown in Expression (36).
- An imaging signal I1 (x, y) is created. That is, the imaging signal I0 at the coordinate (tx1 (x, y), ty1 (x, y)) is set as the first imaging signal I1 (x, y).
- the coordinates (tx1 (x, y), ty1 (x, y)) need not be integers. In that case, if the integer part of the coordinate conversion table tx1 (x, y) is tx1i (x, y) and the decimal part is tx1f (x, y), four pixels are used as shown in Expression (37). First imaging signal I1 (x, y) is created.
- the distance calculation unit 142 obtains the second imaging signal from the imaging signal I0 (x, y) based on the coordinate conversion tables tx2 (x, y) and ty2 (x, y) as shown in Expression (38). I2 (x, y) is created.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates the third value from the imaging signal I0 (x, y) based on the coordinate conversion tables tx3 (x, y) and ty3 (x, y) as in Expression (39). An imaging signal I3 (x, y) is created.
- the distance calculation unit 142 performs the fourth calculation from the imaging signal I0 (x, y) based on the coordinate conversion tables tx4 (x, y) and ty4 (x, y) as in Expression (40).
- An imaging signal I4 (x, y) is created.
- the first image signal I1 (x, y) is obtained by moving the image signal I0 from the origin (x01, y01) to the x-axis direction. This is an image of a region cut out by H1 pixels and V1 pixels in the y-axis direction.
- the second image signal I2 (x, y) is an image of an area obtained by cutting the image signal I0 from the origin (x02, y02) by H1 pixels in the x-axis direction and V1 pixels in the y-axis direction.
- the third imaging signal I3 (x, y) is an image of an area obtained by cutting out the imaging signal I0 from the origin (x03, y03) by H1 pixels in the x-axis direction and V1 pixels in the y-axis direction.
- the fourth imaging signal I4 (x, y) is an image of an area obtained by cutting out the imaging signal I0 from the origin (x04, y04) by H1 pixels in the x-axis direction and V1 pixels in the y-axis direction.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining block division in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the first imaging signal I1 is divided into rectangular blocks having HB pixels in the x-axis direction and VB pixels in the y-axis direction, and Nh blocks in the x-axis direction and Nv blocks in the y-axis direction. Have.
- the distance calculation unit 142 selects a block (step S1240).
- the distance calculation unit 142 selects a block indicated by (0, 0).
- the distance calculation unit 142 selects blocks shifted in order to the right.
- the distance calculation unit 142 selects the rightmost block (blocks indicated by (Nh-1, 0), (Nh-1, 1),...) Shown in FIG.
- the distance calculation unit 142 selects the leftmost block (the block indicated by (0, 1), (0, 2),%) In the next lower row.
- the distance calculation unit 142 is represented by (i% Nh, int (i / Nh)) at the i-th.
- i% Nh is a remainder when i is divided by Nh
- int (i / Nh) is an integer part of a quotient when i is divided by Nh.
- the block selected in this way is referred to as a selected block B (ih, iv).
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates a parallax (step S1250).
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates the parallax and the parallax reliability between the first imaging signal I1 and the second imaging signal I2. First, the distance calculation unit 142 calculates a parallax evaluation value R12 (kx) between the first imaging signal I1 and the second imaging signal I2.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the calculation area of the parallax evaluation value in the parallax calculation when the first imaging signal and the second imaging signal are used in the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- an area indicated by I1 indicates an area selected by the selection block B (ih, iv) of the first imaging signal I1.
- An area indicated by I2 is the second imaging signal I2 in an area shifted by kx in the x-axis direction from the coordinates of the selected block.
- This parallax evaluation value R12 (kx) correlates how much the first imaging signal I1 of the selected block B (ih, iv) and the second imaging signal I2 in a region shifted by kx from the selected block in the x-axis direction. Indicates whether there is The smaller the parallax evaluation value R12 (kx), the greater the correlation (similarly).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the shift amount and the parallax evaluation value in the parallax calculation when the first imaging signal I1 and the second imaging signal I2 of the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention are used. is there.
- the distance calculation unit 142 uses the parallax ⁇ as shown in Expression (42) to use the parallax value ⁇ 12 (ih) between the first imaging signal I1 and the second imaging signal I2 in the selected block B (ih, iv). , Iv) is calculated. Then, the distance calculation unit 142 uses the parallax evaluation value R12 ( ⁇ ) as shown in Expression (43), and parallax between the first imaging signal I1 and the second imaging signal I2 in the selected block B (ih, iv). A reliability C12 (ih, iv) is calculated.
- the distance calculation unit 142 similarly calculates the parallax and the parallax reliability between the first imaging signal I1 and the third imaging signal I3.
- the shifting direction is the y-axis direction, and the shifting amount is ky.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates a parallax evaluation value R13 (ky) between the first imaging signal I1 and the third imaging signal I3 in the selected block B (ih, iv) as in Expression (44). That is, the distance calculation unit 142 calculates the parallax evaluation value R13 (ky) using the first imaging signal I1 as a reference.
- the distance calculation unit 142 uses the shift amount that gives the minimum value, that is, the parallax ⁇ , as in Expression (45), the first imaging signal I1 and the third imaging signal I3 in the selected block B (ih, iv). And a parallax value ⁇ 13 (ih, iv) is calculated. Further, the distance calculation unit 142 uses the parallax evaluation value R13 ( ⁇ ) as shown in Expression (46) to trust the first imaging signal I1 and the third imaging signal I3 in the selected block B (ih, iv). The degree C13 (ih, iv) is calculated.
- the distance calculation unit 142 similarly calculates the parallax and the parallax reliability between the first imaging signal I1 and the fourth imaging signal I4.
- the shifting direction is an oblique direction (the direction connecting the optical axis of the first lens unit 112a and the optical axis of the fourth lens unit 112d), and the shifting amount is kx in the x-axis direction and kx * Dy / Dx in the y-axis direction.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates a parallax evaluation value R14 (kx) between the first imaging signal I1 and the fourth imaging signal I4 in the selected block B (ih, iv) as in Expression (47). That is, the distance calculation unit 142 calculates the parallax evaluation value R14 (kx) using the first imaging signal I1 as a reference.
- the distance calculation unit 142 uses the shift amount that gives the minimum value, that is, the parallax ⁇ , and the first imaging signal I1 and the fourth imaging signal I4 in the selection block B (ih, iv) as shown in Expression (48). And a parallax value ⁇ 14 (ih, iv) with respect to. Further, the distance calculation unit 142 uses the parallax evaluation value R14 ( ⁇ ) as shown in the equation (49) to trust the first imaging signal I1 and the fourth imaging signal I4 in the selected block B (ih, iv). The degree C14 (ih, iv) is calculated.
- the imaging signal I4 is calculated from surrounding pixels using linear interpolation or the like.
- Dx and Dy are the distance in the x-axis direction and the distance in the y-axis direction between the first lens portion 112a and the fourth lens portion 112d.
- the distance calculation unit 142 compares the above three parallax reliability, and sets the parallax value having the highest reliability as the parallax value in this block. That is, the distance calculation unit 142 compares the three parallax reliability levels C12 (ih, iv), C13 (ih, iv), and C14 (ih, iv) as in Expression (50), and C12 (ih, iv) When iv) is the smallest, ⁇ 12 (ih, iv) is set as the parallax value ⁇ (ih, iv) in block B (ih, iv), and when C13 (ih, iv) is the smallest, ⁇ 13 (ih, iv) is changed to block B.
- the disparity value ⁇ (ih, iv) at (ih, iv) is set, and when C14 (ih, iv) is the smallest, ⁇ 14 (ih, iv) is changed to the disparity value ⁇ (ih, iv) at block B (ih, iv). To do.
- the distance calculation unit 142 calculates a distance from the parallax (step S1260).
- equation (10) is solved for distance A, it is expressed as equation (11). Therefore, the distance DIS (x, y) of the region included in block B (ih, iv) is expressed by equation (51). Indicated.
- f is the focal length of the four lens portions 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d
- p is the interval between the light receiving elements of the image sensor 122.
- the unit of the parallax value ⁇ is a pixel. Therefore, in the formula (51), the interval p of the light receiving elements is multiplied so that the parallax value ⁇ is the same unit system as the focal length f and the like.
- the distance calculation unit 142 determines whether or not to end the distance calculation (step S1270).
- the distance calculation unit 142 determines whether or not to end the distance calculation (step S1270).
- the step of FIG. The process of S1300 is executed.
- it is not determined to end the distance calculation when all the blocks are not selected, that is, when the selected block is not B (Nh ⁇ 1, Nv ⁇ 1)) (N in step S1270) (N in step S1270) (N in step S1270), from step S1240 again. Execute the process.
- step S1300 shown in FIG. 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the temperature estimation operation of the imaging apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 cuts out the horizontal center image signal from the image signal I0 (step S1320).
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a position and a dark part where an imaging signal corresponding to a light shielding wall is cut out among imaging signals of the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 cuts out the horizontal center image signal I5x and the vertical center image signal I5y so as to surround the dark portions 113qx and 113qy corresponding to the light shielding wall 113. Specifically, the temperature estimator 143 captures an imaging signal of a region cut out from the origin (0, V0 / 2 ⁇ W5 / 2) by H0 pixels in the x-axis direction and W5 pixels in the y-axis direction. The imaging signal is I5x.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 cuts out the vertical center image signal from the image signal I0 (step S1330). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, the temperature estimation unit 143 is an area extracted from the origin (H0 / 2 ⁇ W5 / 2, 0) by W5 pixels in the x-axis direction and V0 pixels in the y-axis direction. The imaging signal is assumed to be the vertical center imaging signal I5y.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 detects the length Qx of the dark part 113qx in the horizontal direction from the cut out horizontal center image signal I5x (step S1340). Specifically, the temperature estimation unit 143 binarizes the horizontal center image signal I5x, and detects the length from the left end to the right end of the black portion using the binarized image signal.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 detects the length Qy of the dark portion 113qy in the vertical direction from the extracted vertical center image signal I5y (step S1350). Specifically, the temperature estimation unit 143 binarizes the vertical center imaging signal I5y, and detects the length from the upper end to the lower end of the black portion using the binarized imaging signal.
- the temperature estimation unit 143 calculates the estimated temperature Te (step S1360). Specifically, the temperature estimation unit 143 substitutes the length Qx of the dark portion 113qx in the horizontal direction and the length Qy of the dark portion 113qy in the vertical direction detected in Steps S1340 and S1350 into Expression (9). The estimated temperature Te is calculated.
- the reference temperature T0, the thermal expansion coefficient kq of the light shielding wall 113, the length Qx0 of the dark portion 113qx in the horizontal direction at the reference temperature T0, and the length Qy0 of the dark portion 113qy in the vertical direction at the reference temperature T0 are stored in the storage unit 146. The value is used.
- the imaging apparatus 101 uses the estimated temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit 143 based on the length of the image of the light shielding wall 113, and the reliability of the temperature obtained from the temperature sensor 124. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the temperature sensor signal reliability obtained by quantifying the characteristics. That is, the notification unit 145 notifies the user that the reliability is low based on the obtained temperature sensor signal reliability, so that the user can avoid using the imaging device in a state where a malfunction or the like has occurred. It becomes possible.
- the user can cause deterioration of the temperature sensor 124, failure of the temperature sensor 124, disconnection of the wiring between the temperature sensor 124 and the SLSI 123, disconnection of the temperature sensor signal line inside the SLSI 123, ADC of the temperature sensor signal input unit 134.
- Drop of bit due to failure of component decrease of reference voltage to ADC of temperature sensor signal input unit 134 due to increase of load due to failure of other components, mixing of noise in wiring from temperature sensor 124 to SLSI 123, temperature sensor inside SLSI 123 It is possible to avoid using the imaging apparatus in a state where noise is mixed in the signal line.
- the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment it is possible to improve the reliability of the imaging apparatus.
- the imaging apparatus As described above, in an imaging apparatus that needs to improve reliability by adding a new temperature sensor, it is possible to improve reliability without adding a new temperature sensor. . In addition, since the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment does not require a new temperature sensor, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs and downsize the imaging apparatus.
- the imaging apparatus 101 can calculate the distance to the subject by performing temperature compensation using the temperature of the temperature sensor 124 whose reliability has been evaluated. That is, it is possible to provide highly reliable distance information without adding a new temperature sensor. Further, a sensor is used by using a temperature sensor signal Ts that may cause an error due to a change in the reference voltage, and an estimated temperature Te that is obtained from the length of a dark part that is not affected even if the reference voltage changes and the image density changes. In order to create the temperature signal reliability Tsr, according to the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to provide an imaging apparatus that is more resistant to external noise, that is, robust.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 performs the temperature compensation by calculating the coordinate conversion tables tx1, ty1, tx2, ty2, tx3, ty3, tx4, and ty4. May be performed. For example, the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 subtracts the change in the interval between the optical axes of the lens units of the lens array 112 from the parallax calculated by the distance calculation unit 142, as shown in Expression (52), thereby compensating for the temperature. May be performed.
- the temperature compensation calculation unit 141 may perform temperature compensation by correcting the distance DIS (x, y) calculated by the distance calculation unit 142 as shown in Expression (53).
- the temperature sensor signal reliability calculation unit 144 calculates the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr based on the difference between the two temperatures (the sensor temperature signal Ts and the estimated temperature Te). You may calculate based on ratio of two temperature. That is, it is only necessary to calculate the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr so that the reliability of the temperature sensor signal Ts becomes lower as the degree of coincidence between the two temperatures is lower.
- the notification unit 145 outputs the notification data DDE when the temperature sensor signal reliability is within a predetermined value range including 1. 0.
- the notification unit 145 sets the notification data DDE to 1.
- Embodiment 3 The imaging system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention uses the imaging apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the imaging system 202 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the imaging system 202 includes the imaging apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment, a system control unit 203, a warning notification unit 204, an image recognition unit 205, a storage unit 206, and a communication unit 207.
- the system control unit 203 includes a CPU and the like, and controls each function of the imaging system 202.
- the imaging device 101 is the imaging device according to the second embodiment, and is controlled by the system control unit 203. In addition, the imaging device 101 outputs image data (for example, the first imaging signal I1), distance data DIS, and temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr.
- image data for example, the first imaging signal I1
- distance data DIS distance data
- Tsr temperature sensor signal reliability
- the warning notification unit 204 includes a red LED, a drive circuit, and the like.
- the system control unit 203 turns off the LED of the warning notification unit 204.
- the system control unit 203 turns on the LED of the warning notification unit 204 To do.
- the user can know the reliability of the temperature sensor signal of the imaging apparatus 101.
- the user can take measures such as discontinuation of use and notification to the manufacturing company, so that damage due to a malfunction of the imaging system 202 can be suppressed.
- the image recognition unit 205 includes a CPU.
- the system control unit 203 instructs the image recognition unit 205 to perform an image recognition method based on the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr.
- the image recognition unit 205 uses the image data I1 and the distance DIS. Perform image recognition.
- the image recognition unit 205 does not use the distance data DIS. Image recognition using only the image data I1 is performed.
- the image recognition unit 205 performs image recognition without using the distance DIS, for example. It can be avoided.
- the storage unit 206 includes a nonvolatile memory such as a flash ROM.
- a nonvolatile memory such as a flash ROM.
- the time series information of the written temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr can be checked, so that it is possible to appropriately determine the replacement timing of the temperature sensor.
- the communication unit 207 includes a wireless communication device and an antenna.
- the system control unit 203 determines that the reliability is low based on the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr (for example, when the temperature sensor signal reliability Tsr is equal to or higher than the set value Tsr0)
- the system control unit 203 transmits the temperature sensor signal via the communication unit 207. Inform the management company of the malfunction, for example.
- the management company can detect a malfunction of the temperature sensor, dispatch management personnel, report to the user, arrange parts, and the like. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem of the imaging system 202 at an early stage.
- the imaging system 202 According to the imaging system 202 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, it is possible to change the processing method such as image processing based on the temperature sensor signal reliability obtained from the imaging device 101. That is, the imaging system 202 can avoid the influence due to the malfunction of the temperature sensor.
- the imaging device improves the accuracy of detecting the length of the image of the light shielding wall by changing the shapes of the light shielding wall and the lens barrel of the imaging device according to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a lens barrel 111 according to a modification of the present invention.
- 25A and 25B are perspective views of a light shielding wall 113 according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIGS. 26A and 26B are diagrams for explaining an image of the light shielding wall 113 according to the modification of the present invention.
- the lens barrel 111 has four groove portions 111m to which the light shielding wall 113 can be fitted.
- the light shielding wall 113 is fixed by inserting the light shielding wall 113 shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B into the groove 111m.
- FIG. 25A shows an example of the light shielding wall 113 according to the modification. As shown in FIG. 25A, the light shielding wall 113 has a protrusion 113t at the lower portion.
- the light shielding wall 113 according to this modification has the protrusions 113t on both sides of the plate surface, the light shielding wall 113 having the protrusions 113t only on one side may be used.
- FIG. 26A shows an image of the light shielding wall 113 shown in FIG. 25A.
- the temperature estimation unit estimates the temperature using the image lengths Qx and Qy between the protrusions 113t of the light shielding wall 113.
- the oblique end of the image becomes unnecessary due to distortion correction. That is, a part of the image of the protrusion is present in the four imaging signals (first imaging signal 122a, second imaging signal 122b, third imaging signal 122c, and fourth imaging signal 122d). The unnecessary part of is used.
- the light shielding wall 113 may have a shape as shown in FIG. 25B.
- FIG. 25B shows an example of the light shielding wall 113 according to the modification.
- the light shielding wall 113 has a first plate portion 113a in the upper portion and a second plate portion 113b in the lower portion.
- the 1st board part 113a and the 2nd board part 113b are shape
- FIG. 26B shows an image of the light shielding wall 113 shown in FIG. 25B.
- the temperature estimation unit estimates the temperature using the image lengths Qx and Qy of the second plate portion 113b of the light shielding wall 113.
- the light shielding wall 113 can be stably held by fixing the light shielding wall 113 using the groove 111m of the lens barrel 111. Further, if the light shielding wall 113 and the lens barrel 111 are made of the same material, the deformation due to temperature change is the same. That is, it is possible to accurately estimate the temperature rather than bonding to the lens array.
- the light shielding wall 113 has the protruding portion 113t or the second plate portion 113a, it becomes easy to detect the length of the dark portion, and the detection accuracy of the length of the dark portion can be improved. That is, the accuracy of temperature estimation is improved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment and modification.
- various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art are applied to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments and modifications are also included in the present invention. It is included in the range.
- the lens array 112 has four lens parts (a first lens part 112a, a second lens part 112b, a third lens part 112c, and a fourth lens part 112d).
- the number of lens portions is not limited to four. A specific example in the case where the number of lens units is changed will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- 27A and 27B are plan views of the lens of the imaging device according to the present invention.
- 28A and 28B are perspective views of the light shielding wall of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
- 29A and 29B are diagrams showing imaging signals of the light shielding walls according to the present invention.
- the lens array included in the imaging apparatus may have two lens portions.
- the light shielding wall is formed of a single plate in order to prevent interference between the light emitted from the two lens portions.
- the image of the light shielding wall shown in FIG. 28A is a dark portion in FIG. 29A.
- the temperature estimation unit detects the length Qy of the dark part corresponding to the light shielding wall from the vertical center imaging signal I5y.
- a temperature estimation part calculates estimated temperature Te from detected length Qy using Formula (54).
- the lens array included in the imaging apparatus may have nine lens portions.
- the light shielding wall is configured by combining a plate with a well shape in order to prevent interference of light emitted from the nine lens portions.
- the image of the light shielding wall shown in FIG. 28B is a dark part in FIG. 29B.
- the imaging signals of the part surrounding the image of the light shielding wall are the first horizontal central imaging signal I5x1, the second horizontal central imaging signal I5x2, the first vertical central imaging signal I5y1, and the second vertical central imaging signal.
- the temperature estimation unit detects the lengths Qx1, Qx2, Qy1, and Qy2 of the dark portions corresponding to the respective light shielding walls from the four central imaging signals.
- a temperature estimation part calculates estimated temperature Te from detected length Qx1, Qx2, Qy1, and Qy2 using Formula (55).
- Qx10 is the length of the dark part of the first horizontal center image signal I5x1 at the reference temperature T0.
- Qx20 is the length of the dark part of the second horizontal center image signal I5x2 at the reference temperature T0.
- Qy10 is the length of the dark portion of the first vertical center image signal I5y1 at the reference temperature T0.
- Qy20 is the length of the dark part of the second vertical center image signal I5y2 at the reference temperature T0.
- the imaging apparatus is an imaging apparatus capable of measuring temperature, for example, as a mobile phone having a camera function, a digital still camera, an in-vehicle camera, a monitoring camera, a three-dimensional measuring instrument, a stereoscopic image input camera, etc. Can be used.
- the imaging system according to the present invention is used as an imaging system capable of measuring a distance to a subject, for example, a mobile phone, a digital still camera, an automobile, a monitoring system, a three-dimensional measuring instrument, a stereoscopic image input system, and the like. Can do.
- SYMBOLS 100,101 Image pick-up device 110 Lens module part 111 Lens barrel 112 Lens array 113 Light-shielding wall 120 Circuit part 121 Substrate 122 Imaging element 123 SLSI 124 Temperature Sensor 125 Gold Wire 131 System Control Unit 132 Image Sensor Driving Unit 133 Imaging Signal Input Unit 134 Temperature Sensor Signal Input Unit 135 Input / Output Unit 141 Temperature Compensation Calculation Unit 142 Distance Calculation Unit 143 Temperature Estimation Unit 144 Temperature Sensor Signal Reliability Calculation Unit 145 Notification unit 146, 206 Storage unit 202 Imaging system 203 System control unit 204 Warning notification unit 205 Image recognition unit 207 Communication unit
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係る撮像装置は、撮像素子の撮像面に射影した遮光壁の像の温度による変化量を算出し、算出した変化量を用いて温度を推定することができる点に特徴を有する。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る撮像装置は、実施の形態1と同様の方法により推定した温度と、温度センサから得られる温度とを比較することにより、温度センサから得られる温度の信頼性を評価することができる点に特徴を有する。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る撮像システムは、実施の形態2に係る撮像装置101を利用したものである。
本発明の変形例に係る撮像装置は、上記実施の形態に係る撮像装置の遮光壁および鏡筒の形状を変更することにより、遮光壁の像の長さの検知精度を向上させるものである。
110 レンズモジュール部
111 鏡筒
112 レンズアレイ
113 遮光壁
120 回路部
121 基板
122 撮像素子
123 SLSI
124 温度センサ
125 金線
131 システム制御部
132 撮像素子駆動部
133 撮像信号入力部
134 温度センサ信号入力部
135 入出力部
141 温度補償演算部
142 距離演算部
143 温度推定部
144 温度センサ信号信頼度算出部
145 報知部
146、206 記憶部
202 撮像システム
203 システム制御部
204 警告報知部
205 画像認識部
207 通信部
Claims (10)
- 被写体を撮像する撮像装置であって、
複数のレンズを有するレンズアレイと、
前記レンズアレイから所定の距離離れて設置され、前記複数のレンズのそれぞれに対応する撮像領域を有する撮像素子と、
前記各レンズを通過した光が、当該レンズに対応する撮像領域と異なる撮像領域に到達しないように、前記レンズアレイと前記撮像素子との間の空間を区画する遮光壁と、
前記撮像素子が出力する電気信号をデジタル値に変換した撮像信号を生成する撮像信号入力部と、
前記撮像信号から、前記撮像素子の撮像面に射影された前記遮光壁の像の長さを特定し、特定した前記遮光壁の像の長さを用いて、第1温度を推定する温度推定部とを備える
ことを特徴とする撮像装置。 - さらに、
前記レンズアレイの近傍に配置され、第2温度を検知する温度センサと、
前記第1温度と前記第2温度とに基づいて、前記第2温度の信頼度を算出する信頼度算出部とを備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記信頼度算出部は、前記第1温度と前記第2温度との差分が大きいほど、前記第2温度の信頼性が低くなるように前記信頼度を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像装置。 - さらに、
所定温度から前記第2温度に変化した場合の、前記複数のレンズの光軸間の距離の変化量を推定し、推定された変化量を用いて、前記撮像信号から得られる情報を補正する温度補償演算部と、
前記温度補償演算部により補正された情報を用いて、前記複数の撮像領域に撮像された像の視差と前記被写体までの距離とを算出する距離演算部とを備える
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像装置。 - さらに、
前記信頼度算出部により算出された前記信頼度が所定値を超えることにより、前記第2温度の信頼性が低いと判断された場合に、外部へ報知するための報知データを生成する報知部を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像装置。 - さらに、
前記レンズアレイと前記撮像素子との間に、前記遮光壁を取り囲むように設置される筒状の鏡筒を備え、
前記鏡筒は、内壁面に少なくとも一対の溝部を有し、
前記遮光壁は、側端部を前記鏡筒の溝部に嵌合して設置されるとともに、前記撮像素子の撮像面から前記レンズアレイの方向に伸びる長方形状の板状部材であり、前記板状部材の同一板面から突起した突起部を少なくとも2つ有し、
前記温度推定部は、前記突起部間の像の長さを用いて、前記第1温度を推定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像装置。 - さらに、
前記レンズアレイと前記撮像素子との間に、前記遮光壁を取り囲むように設置される筒状の鏡筒を備え、
前記鏡筒は、内壁面に少なくとも一対の溝部を有し、
前記遮光壁は、前記撮像素子の撮像面から前記レンズアレイの方向に伸びる板状部材であり、側端部が前記鏡筒の溝部に嵌合される第1板部と、前記第1板部から前記撮像面側に突出する第2板部とを有し、
前記温度推定部は、前記第2板部の像の長さを用いて、前記第1温度を推定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像装置。 - 請求項4に記載の撮像装置と、
前記撮像装置が算出した被写体までの距離と信頼度とに基づいて所定の制御を行うシステム制御部とを備える
ことを特徴とする撮像システム。 - 複数のレンズを有するレンズアレイと、前記レンズアレイから所定の距離離れて設置され、前記複数のレンズのそれぞれに対応する撮像領域を有する撮像素子と、前記各レンズを通過した光が、当該レンズに対応する撮像領域と異なる撮像領域に到達しないように、前記レンズアレイと前記撮像素子との間の空間を区画する遮光壁とを備える撮像装置で用いられる撮像方法であって、
前記撮像素子が出力する電気信号をデジタル値に変換した撮像信号を生成する撮像信号入力ステップと、
前記撮像信号から、前記撮像素子の撮像面に射影された前記遮光壁の像の長さを特定し、特定した前記遮光壁の像の長さを用いて、温度を推定する温度推定ステップとを含む
ことを特徴とする撮像方法。 - 複数のレンズを有するレンズアレイと、前記レンズアレイから所定の距離離れて設置され、前記複数のレンズのそれぞれに対応する撮像領域を有する撮像素子と、前記各レンズを通過した光が、当該レンズに対応する撮像領域と異なる撮像領域に到達しないように、前記レンズアレイと前記撮像素子との間の空間を区画する遮光壁とを備える撮像装置で実行されるプログラムであって、
前記撮像素子が出力する電気信号をデジタル値に変換した撮像信号を生成する撮像信号入力ステップと、
前記撮像信号から、前記撮像素子の撮像面に射影された前記遮光壁の像の長さを特定し、特定された前記遮光壁の像の長さを用いて、温度を推定する温度推定ステップとを含む
ことを特徴とするプログラム。
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JP2011169853A (ja) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-09-01 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 距離画像取得装置 |
EP2372651A1 (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-10-05 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image pickup apparatus and range determination system |
US8593536B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2013-11-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image pickup apparatus with calibration function |
KR101747511B1 (ko) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-06-27 | 가부시키가이샤 모르포 | 화상 처리 장치 및 화상 처리 방법 |
JP2019533918A (ja) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-11-21 | フェイスブック・テクノロジーズ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーFacebook Technologies, Llc | 深度マッピング用のアレイ検出器 |
US11102467B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2021-08-24 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Array detector for depth mapping |
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JP4456180B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 |
JPWO2009125577A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
US8212912B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
US20100128140A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
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