Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/575—Hormones
  • C07K14/60—Growth hormone-releasing factor [GH-RF], i.e. somatoliberin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/10—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the posterior pituitary hormones, e.g. oxytocin, ADH
  • A61P5/12—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the posterior pituitary hormones, e.g. oxytocin, ADH for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of the posterior pituitary hormones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel Synthetic analogs of hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 96) and hGH-RH(1 -3O)NH 2 that inhibit the release of growth hormone from the pituitary in mammals as well as inhibit the proliferation of human cancers through a direct effect on the cancer cells, and to therapeutic compositions containing these novel peptides.
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone is a peptide belonging to the secretin/glucagon family of neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal hormones, a family that also includes vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) and others.
• VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide
• PACAP pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide
• Human GH-RH (hGH-RH) peptide is comprised of 44 amino acid residues. The best known site of production of GH-RH is the hypothalamus, but it was found that various peripheral organs also synthesize it. hGH-RH is also produced, sometimes in large quantities, by human malignant tissues (cancers) of diverse origin.
• GH-RH exerts various physiological and pathophysiological functions. Hypothalamic GH-RH is an endocrine releasing hormone that, acting through specific GH-RH receptors on the pituitary, regulates the secretion of pituitary growth hormone (GH). The physiological functions of GH-RH in extrapituitary tissues are less clear. However, there is increasing evidence for the role of GH-RH as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in various cancers. Splice variant (SV) receptors for GH-RH, different from those expressed in the pituitary, have been described in a wide range of human cancers and in some normal peripheral organs. The actions of tumoral autocrine/paracrine GH-RH could be exerted on these receptors. In addition, receptors for VIP and other, as yet unidentified receptors of this family, could all be targets of local GH-RH.
• SV Splice variant
• GH is a polypeptide having 191 amino acids that stimulates the production of different growth factors, e.g. insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and consequently promotes growth of numerous tissues (skeleton, connective tissue, muscle and viscera) and stimulates various physiological activities (raising the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, and raising lipolysis, but lowering urea secretion).
• IGF-I insulin-like growth factor I
• release of pituitary GH is under the control of releasing and inhibiting factors secreted by the hypothalamus, the primary releasing factors being GH-RH and ghrelin, and the main inhibiting factor being somatostatin.
• GH has been implicated in several diseases.
• One disease in which GH is involved is acromegaly, in which excessive levels of GH are present.
• the abnormally enlarged facial and extremity bones, and the cardiovascular symptoms of this disease can be treated by administering a GH-RH antagonist.
• Further diseases involving GH are diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy.
• somatostatin an inhibitor of GH release.
• somatostatin analogs if administered alone, do not suppress GH or IGF-I levels to a desired degree. If administered in combination with a GH-RH antagonist, somatostatin analogs will suppress IGF-I levels much better.
• GH-RH antagonists inhibit the proliferation of malignancies by indirect endocrine mechanisms based on the inhibition of pituitary GH release and resulting in the decrease of serum levels of GH and IGF-I, as well as by direct effects on the tumor tissue.
• GH-RH and its tumoral splice variant (SV) receptors are present in human cancers of the lung, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, stomach, intestine, pancreas, kidney, and bone (see Halmos G et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 10555-10560, 2000; Rekasi Z et al,
• Antagonistic analogs of GH-RH can inhibit the stimulatory activity of GH-RH and exert direct antiproliferative effects in vitro on cancer cells, and in vivo on tumors. Direct antiproliferative effects of GH-RH antagonists are exerted on tumoral receptors (binding sites). In addition to the specific tumoral SV receptors for GH-RH, receptors for VIP and other, as yet unidentified receptors of this family, are targets of GH-RH antagonists.
• GH-RH antagonists In addition to endocrine inhibitory effects on serum GH and IGF-I, GH-RH antagonists have been found to reduce the autocrine and paracrine production of several tumor growth factors and/or downregulate their receptors. These growth factors include IGF- I, IGF-II, GH, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Thus, a disruption of the autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loops based on these growth factors contributes to the efficacy of GH-RH antagonists as antitumor agents.
• IGF-I and IGF-II are autocrine/paracrine growth factors with potent mitogenic effects on various cancers. IGF-I is also an endocrine growth factor, and elevated levels of serum IGF-I are considered an epidemiological risk factor for the development of prostate cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. The involvement of IGF-I (somatomedin-C) in breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, bone tumors and other malignancies is well established. Nevertheless, autocrine/paracrine control of proliferation by IGF-II is also a major factor in many tumors. IGF-I and IGF-II exert their proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects through the common IGF-I receptor.
• the receptors for IGF-I are present in primary human breast cancers, prostate cancers, lung cancers, colon cancers, brain tumors, pancreatic cancers, and in renal cell carcinomas.
• treatment with GH-RH antagonists produces a reduction in IGF-I and/or IGF-II levels, concomitant to inhibition of tumor growth (reviewed in Schally AV and Varga JL, Trends Endocrinol Metab 10: 383-391 , 1999; Schally AV et al, Frontiers Neuroendocrinol 22: 248- 291 , 2001 ; Schally AV and Comaru-Schally AM, in: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Bast Jr.
• IGF-I receptors were also decreased by GH-RH antagonists.
• the disruption of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loops dependent on IGF-I and IGF-II contributes to the antitumor effect of GH-RH antagonists.
• GH-RH antagonists have been shown to inhibit the mRNA levels and protein concentrations of VEGF in human androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent prostate cancer models (Letsch M et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 1250-1255, 2003; Plonowski A et al, Prostate 52: 173-182, 2002) and this phenomenon contributes to their antitumor effect, since VEGF plays an important stimulatory role in the neovascularization and growth of various tumors.
• a GH-RH antagonist inhibited the VEGF secretion and proliferation of normal murine endothelial cells, apparently through a direct effect on these cells in vitro (Siejka A et al, Life Sci 72: 2473-2479, 2003).
• GH-RH fragment comprising residues 1 to 29, or GH-RH(I -29), is the minimum sequence necessary for biological activity on the pituitary. This fragment retains 50% or more of the potency of native GH-RH.
• many synthetic analogs of GH- RH, based on the structure of hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 96) peptide were prepared.
• hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 96) has the following amino acid sequence:
• US Patent 4,659,693 discloses GH-RH antagonistic analogs which contain certain N,N'-dialkyl-omega-guanidino alpha-amino acyl residues in position 2 of the GH-RH(I -29) sequence.
• antagonistic activity is said to result.
• antagonistic peptides are said to be suitable for administration as pharmaceutical compositions to treat conditions associated with excessive levels of GH, e.g., acromegaly.
• R 9 can be either Arg, Har, Lys, Om, D-Arg, D-Har, D-Lys, D- Om, Cit, NIe, Tyr(Me), Ser, Ala, or Aib, while R 11 and R 20 are always Arg.
• the invention principally relates to peptides comprising the formulae: A peptide selected from the group having the formulae:
• a 0 is PhAc, N-Me-Aib, Dca, Ac-Ada, Fer, Ac-Amc, Me-NH-Sub, PhAc-Ada, Ac-Ada-D-Phe, Ac-Ada-Phe, Dca-Ada, Dca-Amc, Nac-Ada, Ada-Ada, or CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 10 -CO-Ada,
• a 4 is Ala or Me-AIa
• a 6 is Cpa or Phe(F) 5
• a 8 is Ala, Pal, or Me-AIa
• a 11 is His or Arg
• a 12 is Lys, Lys(0-1 1 ), LyS(Me) 2 or Om
• a 17 is Leu or GIu
• 20 Har or His
• a 21 is -Lys
• a 29 is Har, Arg or Agm
• a 30 is absent, ⁇ -Ala, Amc,
• a 0 is PhAc, Dca, Ac-Ada, Fer, Ac-Amc, PhAc-Ada, Ac-Ada-D-Phe, Dca-Ada, Dca-Amc, Nac, Oct, or CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 10 -CO-Ada
• a 6 is Cpa or Phe(F) 5
• a 8 is Ala or Me-AIa
• a 10 is Tyr (AIk) where AIk is Me or Et A 12 is Lys, or Om, A 17 is Leu or GIu A is -Lys, or Om
• a 30 is absent, Amc, Apa, Ada, AE 2 A, or Agm provided that where A 0 is PhAc, A 12 and A 21 are both other than Om and A 30 is not absent and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a 0 is Dca, Ac-Ada, Ac-Amc, PhAc-Ada, Dca-Ada, Nac, Oct, or CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 10 -CO-Ada and A 6 is Cpa .
• amino acid residues from 30 through 44 of the native GH-RH molecule do not appear to be essential to activity; nor does their identity appear to be critical.
• the synthetic peptides are synthesized by a suitable method such as by exclusive solid phase techniques, by partial solid-phase techniques, by fragment condensation or by classical solution phase synthesis.
• the C-terminus residue here, A 29 or A 30
• the C-terminus residue is appropriately linked (anchored) to an inert solid support (resin) while bearing protecting groups for its alpha amino group (and, where appropriate, for its side chain functional group).
• the alpha amino protecting group is removed from the anchored amino acid residue and the next amino acid residue, A 28 or A 29 respectively, is added having its alpha amino group (as well as any appropriate side chain functional group) suitably protected, and so forth.
• N-terminus protecting groups are removed after each residue is added, but the side chain protecting groups are not yet removed.
• the peptide is cleaved from the support and freed from all side chain protecting group(s) under conditions that are minimally destructive towards residues in the sequence. This is be followed by a careful purification and scrupulous characterization of the synthetic product, so as to ensure that the desired structure is indeed the one obtained.
• alpha amino function of the amino acids during the coupling step with an acid or base sensitive protecting group.
• Such protecting groups should have the properties of being stable in the conditions of peptide linkage formation, while being readily removable without destruction of the growing peptide chain and without racemization of any of the chiral centers contained therein.
• Suitable alpha amino protecting groups are Boc and Fmoc. Medical Applications.
• the hGH-RH antagonist peptides may be formulated in pharmaceutical dosage forms containing effective amounts thereof and administered to humans or animals for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
• the peptides may be used to suppress GH levels and to treat conditions associated with excessive levels of GH, e.g., diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, and acromegaly. Also provided are methods for treating these diseases by administration of a composition of the invention to an individual needing such treatment.
• GH-RH antagonists are, however, in the field of cancer, for example human cancers of the lung, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, stomach, colon, pancreas, kidney, bone, and brain where the receptors for GH-RH, IGF- I/IGF-II, or GH are present, and that depend on stimulation by growth factors such as GH- RH, IGF-I, IGF-II, GH, VEGF, or FGF.
• Non-coded amino acids, or amino acid analogues are also incorporated into the GH- RH antagonists.
• Non-coded amino acids are those amino acids which are not among the approximately 20 natural amino acids found in naturally occurring proteins.
• these non-coded amino acids, or amino acid analogues have isomeric forms, it is the L-form of the amino acid that is represented unless otherwise expressly indicated.
• hGH-RH analogs of the present invention were designed to increase the antagonistic effects at the pituitary level, and/or at the tumoral level.
• the peptides are synthesized by suitable methods such as by exclusive solid phase techniques, by partial solid-phase techniques, by fragment condensation or by classical solution phase synthesis.
• suitable methods such as by exclusive solid phase techniques, by partial solid-phase techniques, by fragment condensation or by classical solution phase synthesis.
• the techniques of exclusive solid-phase synthesis are set forth in the textbook "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis", J. M. Stewart and J. D. Young, Pierce Chem. Company, Rockford, Illinois, 1984 (2nd. ed.), and M. Bodanszky, "Principles of Peptide Synthesis", Springer Verlag, 1984.
• the hGH-RH antagonist peptides are preferably prepared using solid phase synthesis, such as that generally described by Merrifield, J.Am.Chem.Soc, 85 p. 2149 (1963), although other equivalent chemical syntheses known in the art can also be used as previously mentioned.
• the synthesis is carried out with amino acids that are protected at their alpha amino group.
• Urethane type protecting groups (Boc or Fmoc) are preferably used for the protection of the alpha amino group.
• the N-alpha-protected amino acid moiety which forms the aminoacyl group of the final peptide at the C-terminus is attached to a polymeric resin support via a chemical link.
• the alpha amino protecting group is selectively removed to allow subsequent coupling reactions to take place at the amino-terminus, preferably with 50% TFA in DCM when the N-alpha-protecting group is Boc, or by 20% piperidine in DMF when the N-alpha-protecting group is Fmoc.
• the remaining amino acids with similarly Boc or Fmoc-protected alpha amino groups are coupled stepwise to the free amino group of the preceding amino acid on the resin to obtain the desired peptide sequence.
• the amino acid residues are coupled to the alpha amino group of the C-terminus residue, growth of the synthetic hGH-RH analogue peptides begins at the C terminus and progresses toward the N-terminus.
• the peptide is acylated at the N-terminus, and it is removed from the support polymer.
• Each protected amino acid is used in excess (2.5 or 3 equivalents) and the coupling reactions are usually carried out in DCM, DMF or mixtures thereof. The extent of completion of the coupling reaction is monitored at each stage by the ninhydrin reaction. In cases where incomplete coupling is determined, the coupling procedure is repeated, or a capping by acetylation of unreacted amino groups is carried out, before removal of the alpha amino protecting group prior to the coupling of the next amino acid.
• the cleavage of the peptide from the resin can be effected using procedures well known in peptide chemistry.
• the hGH-RH antagonist peptides may be synthesized on a variety of support polymers, i.e. MBHA, Merrifield, PAM, Rink amide or Wang resins.
• the peptides can also be synthesized on aminomethyl, MBHA, or other resins that have been previously derivatized with suitable linkers. Examples of such linkers are the base-labile 4-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid (HMBA) linker for the attachment of C-terminal carboxyl groups or the acid-labile para- sulfonyl-phenoxyacetyl (SPA) linker which permits the attachment of agmatine through its guanidino group.
• HMBA base-labile 4-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid
• SPA acid-labile para- sulfonyl-phenoxyacetyl
• the preferred resin is MBHA. Attachment of the C-terminal amino acid to this resin can be accomplished by the standard DIC-mediated coupling method described in Table I.
• the Merrifield resin or HMBA-MBHA resin can be used in conjunction with the Boc strategy. Loading of the C-terminal amino acid onto the Merrifield resin is done by coupling mediated by potassium fluoride (KF) or cesium salt at elevated temperature.
• KF potassium fluoride
• the support phase is MBHA resin or an aminomethyl resin.
• the guanidino group of Boc-Agm is joined to the support polymer through a stable, but readily cleavable linker such as the para- sulfonyl-phenoxyacetyl (SPA) moiety.
• SPA para- sulfonyl-phenoxyacetyl
• the alpha-amino-Boc-protected Agm is reacted with the chlorosulfonyl phenoxyacetic acid CI-SO 2 -C 6 H 4 -O-CH 2 -COOH to form Boc-Agm-SO 2 -
• This compound is then coupled to the support polymer e.g. to MBHA resin using DIC or HBTU-HOBt-DIEA as activating reagent to yield Boc-Agm-SPA-MBHA.
• Bifunctional amino acids i.e. those not having side chain functional groups, are mostly used in the form of their N-alpha Boc- or Fmoc- derivatives for synthesis.
• Boc- GIy-OH or Fmoc-Gly-OH is typically used for incorporating the GIy residue.
• the naturally occurring bifunctional amino acids are GIy, Ala, VaI, Leu, lie, Phe, and Pro, and some well- known non-coded bifunctional amino acids used in this invention are Abu, Aib, and NIe.
• Some of the amino acid residues of the peptides have side chain functional groups which are reactive with reagents used in coupling or deprotection. When such side chain groups are present, suitable protecting groups are joined to these functional groups to prevent undesirable chemical reactions occurring during the reactions used to form the peptides.
• the following general rules are followed in selecting a particular side chain protecting group: (a) the protecting group preferably retains its protecting properties and is not split off under coupling conditions, (b) the protecting group should be stable under conditions for removing the alpha amino protecting group at each step of the synthesis, (c) the side chain protecting group must be removable upon the completion of the synthesis of the desired amino acid sequence, under reaction conditions that will not undesirably alter the peptide chain.
• the reactive side chain functional groups can be protected as follows: Tos or nitro (NO 2 ) for Arg and Har; cHx or Fm for Asp and GIu; Bom for His; 2CIZ or Fmoc for Lys and Om; BzI for Ser and Thr; For for Trp; and 2BrZ for Tyr.
• the side chains of Asn and GIn are unprotected.
• the reactive side chain functional groups can be protected by other appropriate protective groups as follows: 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-dihydrobenzofurane-5-sulfonyl (Pbf) or bis-Boc for Arg and Har; tert-butyl (tBu) for Asp and GIu; no protective group or trityl (Trt) protection for Asn and GIn; Trt for His; Boc or 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt) for Lys and Om; tBu or Trt for Ser and Thr; Boc for Trp; and tBu or 2-chlorotrityl (2CITrt) for Tyr.
• Pbf 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-dihydrobenzofurane-5-sulfonyl
• tBu tert-butyl
• TrtBu no protective group or trityl (Trt) protection for Asn and GIn
• Trt for His
• some of the peptides of this application contain less common non-coded amino acids such as para-amidino-phenylalanine (Amp); para-guanidino-phenylalanine (Gup); cyclohexylalanine (Cha); 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-3-carboxylic acid (Tpi); (2-naphthyl)alanine (2-NaI); (3,3- diphenyl)alanine (Dip); para-amino-phenylalanine [Phe(pNH 2 )]; para-nitro-phenylalanine [Phe(pNO 2 )]; (3-pyridyl)alanine (3-PaI); O-ethyl-tyrosine [Tyr(Et)]; and para-benzoyl- phenylalanine (Bpa).
• Amp para-amidino-phenylalanine
• Gup para-guanidino-phen
• amino acid residues are incorporated into the peptides by coupling the suitable protected amino acid derivatives.
• a non-exclusive list of such protected amino acid derivatives that can be used is as follows: Boc-Amp(Alloc)-OH, Boc-Amp-OH, Fmoc-Amp(Alloc)-OH, Fmoc-Amp-OH, Boc-Gup(Tos)-OH, Boc-Gup-OH, Fmoc-Gup(Boc) 2 - OH, Fmoc-Gup-OH, Boc-Cha-OH, Boc-Tpi-OH, Boc-2-Nal-OH, Boc-Dip-OH, Boc-Phe(pNH- Z)-OH, Boc-Phe(pNO 2 )-OH, Boc-3-Pal-OH, Boc-Tyr(Et)-OH, and Boc-Bpa-OH.
• the peptide itself may suitably be built up by solid phase synthesis in the conventional manner.
• Each protected amino acid is coupled in about a three-fold molar excess, with respect to resin-bound free amino residues, and the coupling may be carried out in a medium such as DMF — DCM (1 :1 ) or in DMF or DCM alone.
• DMF — DCM (1 :1 )
• DMF or DCM alone.
• the selection of an appropriate coupling reagent is within the skill of the art.
• Particularly suitable as coupling reagents are N,N'-diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIC), or HBTU combined with HOBt in the presence of DIEA.
• the success of the coupling reaction at each stage of the synthesis is preferably monitored by the ninhydrin reaction. In cases where incomplete coupling occurs, either the coupling procedure is repeated, or the resin-bound unreacted amino residues are acetylated using a capping reagent, before removal of the alpha amino protecting group.
• Suitable capping reagents are 1 -acetylimidazole and Ac 2 O — pyridine.
• peptides with an amidated C-terminus (-CONH 2 ) or with a C-terminal carboxyl group (-COOH) are prepared by Boc strategy on an MBHA, Merrifield, or PAM resin
• the removal of the peptide from the resin is performed by treatment with a reagent such as liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF).
• HF liquid hydrogen fluoride
• the liquid HF also cleaves all the remaining side chain protecting groups.
• additional cleavage steps should be performed in order to remove these protecting groups.
• Fm and Fmoc protecting groups are removed by treatment with 20% piperidine in DMF, while All and Alloc groups are removed by treatment with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 catalyst and nucleophilic scavengers, prior to or after the HF treatment.
• the dried and protected peptide-resin is treated with a mixture consisting of 1 .0 ml_ m-cresol and 10 ml_ anhydrous hydrogen fluoride per gram of peptide-resin for 60- 120 min at O 3 C to cleave the peptide from the resin as well as to remove the HF-labile side chain protecting groups.
• the free peptides are precipitated with ether, filtered, washed with ether and ethyl acetate, extracted with 50% acetic acid, and lyophilized.
• peptides with an ethylamide (-NHEt) C-terminus are prepared by Boc strategy on the Merrifield or HMBA-MBHA resin
• the protected peptides are first cleaved from the resin by ethylamine (EtNH 2 ) mediated aminolysis.
• EtNH 2 ethylamine
• liquid EtNH 2 is transferred into a cooled, heavy-walled glass flask that contains the dried and protected peptide-resin.
• the quantity of liquid EtNH 2 should be sufficient to cover the peptide-resin.
• the flask is stoppered, and shaken with the liquid EtNH 2 for 3.5 hours at room temperature in order to allow for the reaction to take place.
• the flask is cooled in a dry ice bath, opened, and the liquid EtNH 2 is filtered off the solid residue that contains a mixture of resin and cleaved peptide, the peptide still having the protecting groups attached.
• the solid residue is dried and subjected to HF treatment as described above, in order to remove the side chain protecting groups of the peptide.
• the purification of the crude peptides can be effected using procedures well known in peptide chemistry.
• purification may be performed on a MacRabbit HPLC system (Rainin Instrument Co. Inc., Woburn, MA) with a Knauer UV Photometer and a Kipp and Zonen BD40 Recorder using a Vydac 218TP510 reversed-phase column (1 O x 250 mm, packed with C18 silica gel, 300 A pore size, 5 ⁇ m particle size) (The Separations Group Inc., Hesperia, CA).
• the column is eluted with a solvent system consisting of (A) 0.1 % aqueous TFA and (B) 0.1 % TFA in 70% aqueous MeCN in a linear gradient mode (e.g., 30-55% B in 120 min).
• the eluent is monitored at 220 nm, and fractions are examined by analytical HPLC using a Hewlett-Packard Model HP-1090 liquid chromatograph and pooled to give maximum purity.
• Analytical HPLC is carried out on a Vydac 218TP52 reversed-phase column (2 x 250 mm, C18, 300 A, 5 ⁇ m) using isocratic elution with a solvent system consisting of (A) and (B) defined above.
• the peaks are monitored at 220 and 280 nm.
• the peptides are judged to be substantially (>95%) pure by analytical HPLC.
• Molecular masses are checked by electrospray mass spectrometry, and the expected amino acid compositions are confirmed by amino acid analysis.
• the peptides of the invention may be administered in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic salts, such as acid addition salts.
• acid addition salts are hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate, phosphate, fumarate, gluconate, tannate, maleate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, citrate, benzoate, succinate, alginate, pamoate, malate, ascorbate, tartarate, and the like.
• Particularly preferred antagonists are salts of low solubility, e.g., pamoate salts and the like. These exhibit long duration of activity.
• the compounds of the present invention are suitably administered to subject humans or animals subcutaneously (s.c), intramuscularly (Lm.), or intravenously (Lv); intranasally or by pulmonary inhalation; by transdermal delivery; or in a depot form (e.g., microcapsules, microgranules, or cylindrical rod like implants) formulated from a biodegradable suitable polymer (such as D,L-lactide-coglycolide), the former two depot modes being preferred.
• a biodegradable suitable polymer such as D,L-lactide-coglycolide
• Other equivalent modes of administration are also within the scope of this invention, i.e., continuous drip, cutaneous patches, depot injections, infusion pump and time release modes such as microcapsules and the like.
• Administration is in any physiologically acceptable injectable carrier, physiological saline being acceptable, though other carriers known to the art may also be used.
• the peptides are preferably administered parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as isotonic saline.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as isotonic saline.
• the peptides may be administered as an intranasal spray with an appropriate carrier or by pulmonary inhalation.
• One suitable route of administration is a depot form formulated from a biodegradable suitable polymer, e.g., poly-D,L-lactide- coglycolide as microcapsules, microgranules or cylindrical implants containing dispersed antagonistic compounds.
• the amount of peptide needed depends on the type of pharmaceutical composition and on the mode of administration.
• the typical doses are between 2-20 mg/day/patient, given once a day or divided into 2-4 administrations/day.
• typical doses are in the range of 8-80 ⁇ g/kg of body weight/day, divided into 1 -4 bolus injections/day or given as a continuous infusion.
• depot preparations of the GH-RH antagonists are used, e.g. by i.m.
• the typical doses are between 1 -10 mg antagonist/day/patient.
• GH-RH Antagonists E. Therapeutic Uses of GH-RH Antagonists.
• the most important therapeutic applications of GH-RH antagonists are expected to be in the field of oncology and endocrinology. Some of the GH-RH antagonists act predominantly at the pituitary level and have stronger endocrine effects, inhibiting the GH- RH-evoked GH release, and ultimately decreasing the serum levels of GH and IGF-I.
• GH-RH antagonists act predominantly at the tumor level, by blocking the tumoral receptors for GH-RH, reducing the production of various autocrine/paracrine tumor growth factors (such as IGF-I, IGF-II, GH, VEGF, FGF) and/or downregulating their receptors, and thus exert stronger inhibitory effects on tumor growth.
• These antagonists can also be used as carrier systems linked to radionuclides for tumor localization or therapy, or conjugated to chemotherapeutic agents or toxins.
• Such hybrid compounds can be actively targeted to cancer for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
• Yet other GH-RH antagonists act by multiple mechanisms of action, that is by endocrine mechanisms and by direct effects on tumors at the same time. Thus, the main therapeutic indications of various GH-RH antagonists differ based on their preferential mechanism of action.
• Analogs of GH-RH with antagonistic action on the pituitary can be used in situations where it is beneficial to suppress serum levels of GH and IGF-I. Thus they are indicated for the therapy of endocrine disorders characterized by excessive production of GH and IGF-I, as well as for the treatment of cancers that express receptors for IGF-I, IGF-II, or GH, and the proliferation of which is stimulated by these growth factors.
• Somatostatin analogs and GH antagonists are also available for the treatment of endocrine conditions caused by GH and IGF-I.
• GH-RH antagonists offer unique therapeutical benefits unobtainable by the use of somatostatin analogs and GH antagonists.
• GH-RH antagonists may be given alone or together with somatostatin analogs, a combination which more completely suppresses GH and IGF-I levels.
• An undesired side-effect of GH antagonists which can be avoided by the administration of GH-RH antagonists, is the elevation of serum GH levels through a feed-back mechanism.
• GH-RH antagonists could alleviate the clinical manifestations of acromegaly, e.g. the enlargement of facial and extremity bones, the enlargement of heart, and other structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiovascular system.
• the GH-RH antagonists may also be used to treat diabetic retinopathy (the main cause of blindness in diabetics) and diabetic nephropathy, in which damage to the eye and kidney respectively is thought to be due to GH.
• GH-RH antagonists can also benefit from the increased insulin sensitivity produced by GH-RH antagonists, an effect linked to the ability of these compounds to reduce the GH and IGF-I levels.
• GH-RH antagonists can be used to slow down the progression of muscular dystrophy.
• Drugs with anti-growth factor properties such as GH-RH antagonists can also be of benefit in controlling or slowing down the progression of some clinicopathologic processes in conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, where the present medical therapies have relatively little to offer.
• no drug therapy has been shown to be effective in decreasing the incidence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and new approaches must be devised, including the use of GH-RH antagonists.
• PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
• GH-RH antagonists in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists or antagonists.
• LH-RH antagonists are also available for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and hyperplastic and benign proliferative disorders of other normal organs in which the GH-RH receptors are present.
• GH-RH antagonists are in the field of cancer.
• GH- RH antagonists especially those with strong direct effects at the tumor level, are indicated for the inhibition of growth of primary tumors and for the suppression of their metastatic spread. Since the antiproliferative effects of GH-RH antagonists are exerted by several mechanisms, these compounds are available for the treatment of a large variety of cancers, such as those that depend on autocrine/paracrine and endocrine stimulation by GH-RH, IGF-I, IGF-II, GH, VEGF, and FGF.
• GH-RH antagonists are available for the treatment of tumors that express GH-RH receptors and use GH-RH as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor.
• malignancies include, but are not limited to, cancers of the lung, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, stomach, intestine, pancreas, kidney, bone, liver, as well as glioblastomas, pheochromocytomas, melanomas, and lymphomas.
• GH-RH antagonists over somatostatin analogs is based on the fact that GH-RH antagonists may be utilized for suppression of tumors which do not have somatostatin receptors but express the tumoral receptors for GH-RH, for example human osteogenic sarcomas.
• GH-RH antagonists to decrease serum IGF-I levels, inhibit the autocrine/paracrine production of IGF-I and/or IGF-II in the tumor tissue, and downregulate the expression level of IGF-I receptor, is beneficial for cancer therapy.
• GH-RH antagonists can be treated with GH-RH antagonists.
• GH-RH antagonists are available as inhibitors of angiogenesis, in view of their inhibitory activity on the synthesis of VEGF by tumor tissues and normal endothelial cells, and considering their antiproliferative effect on endothelial cells. Thus GH-RH antagonists could be beneficial for the treatment of those tumors that strongly depend on VEGF and neoangiogenesis.
• the synthesis is conducted in a stepwise manner using manual solid phase peptide synthesis equipment. Briefly, para-methylbenzhydrylamine (MBHA) resin (Bachem, King of Prussia, PA) (720 mg, 0.50 mmol) is neutralized with 5% DIEA in DCM and washed according to the protocol described in Table I. The solution of Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH (500 mg, 1 .5 mmol) in DMF-DCM (1 :1 ) is shaken with the neutralized resin and DIC (235 ⁇ l_, 1 .5 mmol) in a manual solid phase peptide synthesis apparatus for 1 hour.
• MBHA para-methylbenzhydrylamine
• the crude peptide is checked by analytical HPLC using a Hewlett-Packard Model HP-1090 liquid chromatograph with a Supelco Discovery HS C18 reversed-phase column (2.1 mm x 5 cm, packed with C18 silica gel, 120 A pore size, 3 ⁇ m particle size) (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) and linear gradient elution (e.g., 40-70% B), with a solvent system consisting of (A) 0.1 % aqueous TFA and (B) 0.1 % TFA in 70% aqueous MeCN.
• a solvent system consisting of (A) 0.1 % aqueous TFA and (B) 0.1 % TFA in 70% aqueous MeCN.
• the analytical HPLC is carried out on a Supelco C18 reversed-phase column described above using isocratic elution with a solvent system described above with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The peaks are monitored at 220 and 280 nm. The product is judged to be substantially (>95%) pure by analytical HPLC. Molecular mass is checked by electrospray mass spectrometry, and the expected amino acid composition is confirmed by amino acid analysis.
• Peptide 1 1 121 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada-Phe)°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Abu 15 , His 20 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 13),the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- Lys(2CIZ)-0H, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Le
• Peptide 1 1408 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Amc) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , (Me-AIa) 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Abu 15 , His 20 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-
• RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 32), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Lys(2CIZ)- OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Abu- OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Lys(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Tyr(Me)-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, BoC-(Me-AIa)-OH, Boc-Thr(B
• Peptide 1 1421 the chemical structure of which is [(N-Me-Aib) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 -AE 2 A 30 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: BoC-AE 2 A-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D- Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)
• Peptide 1 1408 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Amc) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , (Me-AIa) 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Abu 15 , His 20 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-
• RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 32), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Lys(2CIZ)- OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Abu- OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Lys(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Tyr(Me)-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, BoC-(Me-AIa)-OH, Boc-Thr(B
• Peptide 1 1421 the chemical structure of which is [(N-Me-Aib) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 -AE 2 A 30 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: BoC-AE 2 A-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D- Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)
• Peptide 1 1425 the chemical structure of which is [PhAc°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Lys(PhAc-Tyr-D-Arg-Asp-Ala-lle-Cpa- Thr-Ala-Har- Tyr(Me)-His) 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 41 ), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc- GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu
• Peptide 1 1427 the chemical structure of which is [(N-Me-Aib)°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Lys((N-Me-Aib)-Tyr-D-Arg-Asp-Ala-lle-Cpa- Thr-Ala-Har-Tyr(Me)-His) 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 42), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )- OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc
• Boc-Ala-OH Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala- OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(
• Peptide 1 1431 the chemical structure of which is [(N-Me-Aib) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 - ⁇ -Ala 30 -Lys(Oct) 31 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 44), the MBHA resin is first loaded with Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, followed by removal of the Fmoc protecting group as described in Table Il (section 1 .
• Boc-Ala-OH Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc- Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)- OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bo
• Peptide 1 1445 the chemical structure of which is [(Dca-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , (LyS(Me) 2 ) 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , (LyS(Me) 2 ) 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 51 ), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- LyS(Me) 2 -OH, Boc-His(Bom
• Peptide 1 1455 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 ,
• Peptide 1 1461 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada- Phe)°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D- Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 59), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- 0m(2CIZ)-0H, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc
• Peptide 1 1471 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Lys(Ac-Ada-Tyr-D-Arg-Asp-Ala-lle-Cpa-Thr- Ala-Har-Tyr(Me)-His-) 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 64), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-
• Peptide 1 1475 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada-D- Phe)°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-
• Peptide 1 1479 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D- Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 68), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- 0m(2CIZ)-0H, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH,
• Peptide 1 1481 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 - ⁇ -Lys( ⁇ -NH 2 ) 3O -Ahx 31 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 69), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Ahx-OH, Z-Lys(Boc)- OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-
• Peptide 1 1491 the chemical structure of which is [(Dca-Ada) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D- Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 73), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- 0m(2CIZ)-0H, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-
• Peptide 1 1501 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 ,
• the MBHA resin is first loaded with Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, followed by removal of the Fmoc protecting group as described in Table Il (section 1 . Deprotection), and acylation of the ⁇ -amino group of Lys with octanoic acid (Oct-OH).
• Boc strategy by coupling the following protected amino acids in the indicated order: Boc- ⁇ -Ala-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc- Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)- OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Orn(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Tyr(Me)-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Thr
• Peptide 1 1503 the chemical structure of which is [(Dca-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 - ⁇ -Ala 30 -Lys(Oct) 31 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 77), the MBHA resin is first loaded with Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, followed by removal of the Fmoc protecting group as described in Table Il (section 1 .
• Boc-Ala-OH Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc- Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)- OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Orn(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ser(Bzl)-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Abu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Orn(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bo
• Peptide 1 1515 the chemical structure of which is [(Dca-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Lys(Dca-Ada-Tyr-D-Arg-Asp-Ala-lle-Cpa-Thr- Ala-Har-Tyr(Me)-His-) 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 79), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu
• Peptide 1 1523 the chemical structure of which is [PhAc°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Om 15 , GIu 17 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 -Ada 30 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 81 ), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Ada-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D- Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-Gln-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom
• Peptide 1 1601 the chemical structure of which is [(CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CO-Ada) 0 -Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 83), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )- OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc- Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-
• Peptide 1 1602 the chemical structure of which is [(PhAc-Ada)°- Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D- Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 84), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc- 0m(2CIZ)-0H, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc-Ala-OH,
• Peptide 1 1610 the chemical structure of which is [PhAc°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 - Ada 30 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 86), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Ada-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc-D-Arg(Tos)- OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(Bom)-OH, Boc
• Peptide 1 161 1 the chemical structure of which is [(Ac-Amc) 0 - Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , (Phe(F) 5 ) 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Om 12 , Abu 15 , His 20 , Om 21 , NIe 27 , D- Arg 28 , Har 29 -Ada 30 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 87), the following protected amino acids are coupled in the indicated order on the MBHA resin: Boc-Ada-OH, Boc-Har(NO 2 )-OH, Boc- D-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Nle-OH, Boc-lle-OH, Boc-Asp(OcHx)-OH, Boc-GIn-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Leu-OH, Boc-Om(2CIZ)-OH, Boc-His(
• the synthesis is conducted in a stepwise manner using manual solid phase peptide synthesis equipment.
• the starting material of the synthesis is Boc-agmatine-N G -sulfonyl-phenoxyacetyl- MBHA (Boc-Agm-SPA-MBHA) resin with a substitution of 0.3 mmol/g, which was obtained commercially from California Peptide Research, Inc. (Napa, CA).
• the synthesis of this resin has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,914,189 and in the scientific literature (Zarandi M, Serfozo P, Zsigo J, Bokser L, Janaky T, Olsen DB, Bajusz S, Schally AV, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res.
• Boc-Agm-SPA- MBHA resin (1 .67 g, 0.50 mmol) is pre-swollen in DCM and then the deprotection and neutralization protocols described in Table I are performed in order to remove the Boc protecting group and prepare the peptide-resin for coupling of the next amino acid.
• the protected amino acids (1 .5 mmol each) are coupled with DIC (235 ⁇ L, 1 .5 mmol) with the exceptions of Boc-Asn-OH and Boc-Gln-OH which are coupled with their preformed HOBt esters.
• the peptide is acylated with 1 -acetylimidazole (220 mg, 2 mmol).
• the peptide is purified by semipreparative HPLC and the eluting fractions are examined by analytical HPLC as described in Example I. Fractions with purity higher than 95% are pooled and lyophilized to give 33.0 mg of pure Peptide 1 1313. Molecular mass is checked by electrospray mass spectrometry, and the expected amino acid composition is confirmed by amino acid analysis.
• Peptide 1 131 1 , and Peptide 1 1415 are synthesized in the same manner as Peptide 1 1313, except that these peptides also contain other substitutions.
• the peptides of the present invention were tested in assays in vitro and in vivo for their ability to inhibit the hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 induced GH release. Binding affinities of the compounds to the tumoral GH-RH receptors were also measured. The antitumor activities of the peptides and their inhibitory effects on serum IGF-I and on the tumoral IGF, VEGF and FGF system were evaluated in various cancer models in vivo. Inhibitory effects on phosphorylated PI3K/AKT and MAPK (ERK1/2) were also measured.
• mice were implanted s.c. with 3 mm 3 pieces of PC-3 human hormone- independent prostate cancer tissue on both flanks. When tumors reached a volume of approx. 50 mm 3 , the mice were divided into 4 experimental groups with 8 to 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 35 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 109 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 1 1 10 ⁇ g/day s.c); Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 35 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant. Data are presented as the means ⁇ S. E.
• Experiment 2 [0190]. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 . Experiment 2 was started when PC-3 tumors had grown to approximately 50 mm 3 in volume. At this time, the animals were divided into 5 experimental groups with 8 animals in each group, and received single daily injections for 14 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 5. Peptide 1 1 109 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c). Further details of Experiment 2 are the same as for Experiment 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 5. Peptide 1 1 109 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c
• mice Male nude mice were implanted s.c. with 3 mm 3 pieces of PC-3 human hormone- independent prostate cancer tissue on both flanks. When tumors reached a volume of approximately 50 mm 3 , the mice were divided into 12 experimental groups with 8 to 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 28 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 1 1 13 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c) ; 4. Peptide 1 1 1 19 (2 ⁇ g/day s. ⁇ ); 5. Peptide 1 1209 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 6. Peptide 1 1313 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 7.
• Peptide 1 1408 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 8. Peptide 1 1435 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 9. Peptide 1 1457 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c.) ; 10. Peptide 1 1459 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c.) ; 1 1 . Peptide 1 1469 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c.) ; 12. Peptide 1 1491 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 28 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant.
• mice were divided into 1 1 experimental groups with 8 to 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 46 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 1 123 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 125 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 5. Peptide 1 1213 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 6. Peptide 1 1433 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 7. Peptide 1 1473 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 8.
• Peptide 1 1485 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 9. Peptide 1 1497 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 10. Peptide 1 1499 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c); 1 1 . Peptide 1 1521 (2 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 46 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant.
• reference JMR-132 means [PhAc°-Tyr 1 , D-Arg 2 , Cpa 6 , Ala 8 , Har 9 , Tyr(Me) 10 , His 11 , Abu 15 , His 20 , NIe 27 , D-Arg 28 , Har 29 ]hGH-RH(1 -29)NH 2 , [0195].
• Peptide 1 109 used at a dose of 5 ⁇ g/day, as well as Peptide 1 1 109, used at the doses of 5 ⁇ g/day and 2 ⁇ g/day, inhibited the growth of PC-3 tumors more potently than reference peptide JMR-132.
• the inhibitory effect of Peptides 1 109 and 1 1 109 at the two dose levels was highly significant (p ⁇ 0.01 ), while the effect of JMR-132 had a lower significance level (p ⁇ 0.05) (Table IV.)
• Peptide 1 1485 (2 ⁇ g/day) 794 41.96 N.S.
• Peptide 1 1497(2 ⁇ g/day) 872 36.25 N.S.
• mice Male nude mice were implanted s.c. with 3 mm 3 pieces of H-460 human non-SCLC tumor tissue on both flanks. When tumors had grown to a mean volume of approximately 90 mm 3 , the mice were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups with 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 28 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2.
• mice Male nude mice were implanted s.c. with 3 mm 3 pieces of H-460 human non-SCLC tumor tissue on both flanks. When tumors had grown to a mean volume of approximately 90 mm 3 , the mice were randomly assigned into 12 experimental groups with 8 to 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 28 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution) ; 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 1 13 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 5. Peptide 1 1 1 19 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 6. Peptide 1 1209 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 7.
• Peptide 1 1469 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 12.
• Peptide 1 1491 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 28 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant. Data are presented as the means ⁇ S.E.
• mice Male nude mice were implanted s.c. with 3 mm 3 pieces of H-460 human non-SCLC tumor tissue on both flanks. When tumors had grown to a mean volume of approximately 90 mm 3 , the mice were randomly assigned into 8 experimental groups with 8 to 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 28 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution) ; 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 1 123 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1 1 125 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 5. Peptide 1 1307 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 6. Peptide 1 1317 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 7.
• Peptide 1 1473 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 8. Peptide 1 1485 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 28 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant.
• Peptide 1 109 and Peptide 1 1 1 1 1 exerted a significant inhibitory effect (p ⁇ 0.01 and p ⁇ 0.05, respectively) on the growth of H-460 tumors, while the effect of reference peptide JMR-132 was not significant (Table VIII).
• the antitumor effect of Peptide 1 109 was also significantly higher (p ⁇ 0.05) than that of the reference peptide JMR- 132 (Table VII I). [0208]. TABLE VIII.
• Peptide 1 1313 (5 ⁇ g/day) 309111215 60.84 0.0906
• Peptide 1 1469 (5 ⁇ g/day) 481011977 39.06 0.5182
• Peptide 1 1 123, Peptide 1 1 125, Peptide 1 1307, Peptide 1 1317, and Peptide 1 1473 tested at the dose of 5 ⁇ g/day, more potently inhibited the growth of H-460 lung tumors than the reference peptide JMR-132 at a 2-fold higher dose of 10 ⁇ g/day.
• the inhibitory effect of Peptide 1 1473 reached statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.05) already after the first week of treatment, and it remained significant throughout the experiment. The results are shown in Table X.
• mice Female nude mice were xenografted s.c. with MDA-MB-231 tumor tissue from donor animals. When tumors had grown to a mean volume of approximately 50 mm 3 , the mice were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups with 10 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 28 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. Peptide 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c). Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 28 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant.
• Peptide 1 109 at a dose of 5 ⁇ g/day inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancers in nude mice by about 75%. The inhibitory effect became statistically significant (p ⁇ 0.05) after 2 weeks of treatment and it remained significant (p ⁇ 0.05) for the rest of the experiment.
• NCI-N87 cancers were transplanted s.c. into both flank areas of 30 female nude mice.
• the mice were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups with 6 to 9 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 77 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR-132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 109 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 1479 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 77 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses.
• Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant. Data are presented as the means ⁇ S. E.
• Peptide 1 109 and Peptide 1 1479 had significant inhibitory effect (p ⁇ 0.05) on the growth of NCI-N87 cancers in nude mice. Moreover, 6 out of 1 1 tumors regressed in the group treated with Peptide 1 109. Reference antagonist JMR-132 was not effective. The results are shown in Table Xl.
• Control 442 ⁇ 1 19 446 ⁇ 147 42.0 ⁇ 5.9 12
• JMR-132 409 ⁇ 78 407 ⁇ 175 40.8 ⁇ 5.9 15 2
• Panc-1 cancers were transplanted s.c. into both flank areas of 60 female nude mice, and allowed to grow for 105 days before starting the treatment with GH-RH antagonists.
• the mice were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups with 8 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 36 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR- 132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c.); 3. Peptide 1 1457 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c). Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 82 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap-frozen until further analyses. Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant. Data are presented as the means ⁇ S. E.
• Peptide 1 1457 powerfully inhibited the growth of Panc-1 human pancreatic cancers in nude mice for at least 82 days although the treatment was stopped after 36 days.
• Reference peptide JMR-132 was less effective. The results are shown in Table XII.
• SK-Hep-1 cancers were transplanted s.c. into both flank areas of 66 female nude mice, and allowed to grow for 47 days before starting the treatment with GH-RH antagonists.
• the mice were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups with 8 animals in each group and received single daily injections for 135 days as follows: 1 . Control (vehicle solution); 2. JMR- 132 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c); 3. Peptide 1 109 (5 ⁇ g/day s.c); 4. Peptide 1 109 (10 ⁇ g/day s.c).
• Tumor volumes were measured once a week. The experiment was ended on day 135 by sacrificing the mice under lsoflurane anesthesia. Resulting tumors were cleaned, weighed, and snap- frozen until further analyses.
• Statistical analyses of the measurement results were done by two-tailed t-test, p ⁇ 0.05 being considered significant. Data are presented as the means ⁇ S.E.
• Peptide 1 109 even in a lower dose of 5 ⁇ g/day, more potently inhibited the growth of SK-Hep-1 hepatic cancers than the reference peptide JMR-132 at a dose of 10 ⁇ g/day.
• the inhibitory effect of JMR-132 was not significant, however the effect of Peptide 1 109 at the 10 ⁇ g/day dose level was statistically significant.
• Peptide 1 109 caused total regression of 5 tumors out of 13 at a dose of 5 ⁇ g/day, and as many as 7 out of 13 tumors regressed at the higher dose of 10 ⁇ g/day.
• Group Tumor Tumor Number Tumors volume (mm 3 ) weightst of tumors with total on day 135 (mg) per group regression

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