WO2009113648A1 - Disease and insect controlling agent for agricultural/horticultural plants - Google Patents

Disease and insect controlling agent for agricultural/horticultural plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009113648A1
WO2009113648A1 PCT/JP2009/054837 JP2009054837W WO2009113648A1 WO 2009113648 A1 WO2009113648 A1 WO 2009113648A1 JP 2009054837 W JP2009054837 W JP 2009054837W WO 2009113648 A1 WO2009113648 A1 WO 2009113648A1
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strain
yuri
disease
agricultural
penicillium
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PCT/JP2009/054837
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
茂樹 千田
康行 森下
成寿 石川
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出光興産株式会社
栃木県
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Publication of WO2009113648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009113648A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/36—Penicillium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C12R2001/80—Penicillium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and insects caused by pests (hereinafter collectively referred to as “disease damage”) that occur during cultivation periods and damage plants in cultivation scenes of agricultural and horticultural plants such as institutional horticulture and open field cultivation.
  • Disease damage diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and insects caused by pests
  • TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a microorganism for controlling cereals, a preparation containing the microorganism, and a method for controlling diseases and pests of agricultural and horticultural plants using the microorganism.
  • Non-patent Document 1 Microbial pesticides have already been developed and sold for the purpose of controlling disease or insect damage and reducing damage caused by disease or insect damage.
  • Non-patent Document 1 a microbial pesticide utilizing filamentous fungi has been developed, and specifically, a Tallomyces spp. Having an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose has been discovered (Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 2 an agricultural and horticultural insecticide containing a substance produced by Penicillium citrinum F1593 is known (Patent Document 2).
  • the Talamomyces spp. And Penicillium spp. which have the action of controlling both diseases and pests (pests) are not known.
  • a pest control microbial pesticide containing Verticillium regani is known as a microbial pesticide that controls both disease and insect damage (pest damage) (Patent Document 3).
  • the disease that can be controlled by this pesticide is only wheat disease, and there is a problem that the applicable plant is restricted.
  • the present invention provides a microorganism having an excellent ability to control diseases and insect damage (pest damage) that occur in a wide range of plants, an agricultural and horticultural plant disease control agent using the same, and an agricultural and horticultural plant disease and insect control method. Is an issue.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, a microorganism having excellent ability to control pests and insects occurring in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural plants was discovered, and it was found that this microorganism could be used to control pests and diseases of agricultural and horticultural plants, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from strains having the same pest control ability as these strains.
  • Talaromyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096), and variants of these strains
  • a method for controlling pests of agricultural and horticultural plants comprising applying at least one selected from bacterial strains having the same ability to control pests and diseases as those of these strains to agricultural and horticultural plants.
  • Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095).
  • Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096).
  • the pest control agent of the present invention is characterized by containing one or both of Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain.
  • “Pest control” refers to inhibiting the occurrence and progression of insect damage caused by insect pests or pathogens.
  • Talalomyces flavus and Penicillium vermiculatum have a relationship between the complete generation and the incomplete generation.
  • Penicillium vermiculatam is also called Penicillium dangeardii.
  • the Tallaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain includes its incomplete generation strain
  • the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain includes its full generation strain.
  • the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was isolated from a plant body in Japan in July 2005, specifically from the back of the leaf.
  • the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Deposited under the deposit number FERM P-21455 at the Biological Depositary Center (1-1-1 Tsukuba Center Central, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan) and transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 16, 2009
  • the receipt number FERM ABP-11095 has been given.
  • Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was isolated from a plant body in Japan in July 2005, specifically from the back of the leaf.
  • an independent administrative agency was provided to a plant body in Japan in July 2005, specifically from the back of the leaf.
  • the ascospore is yellow, oval, 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, and the entire surface is stabbed.
  • Conidial pattern is generated from aerial hyphae, thin film, smooth surface. Small infarction is 10-18 ⁇ m, needle-like. The conidia are oval, 2.5-3 ⁇ m, smooth.
  • the Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was identified as Talaromyces flavus (Kloecker) Solk & Samson.
  • the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was identified by DSMZ. The characteristics of the colony were as follows. On a malt extract medium at 25 ° C for 7 days, 30mm diameter, felt and yellow. Mycelium is yellow.
  • the conidia growth ability is weak and grayish green. No leachate. The back of the plate is brown orange.
  • the conidial pattern is short from aerial hyphae, thin, smooth and bicyclic. Small infarction is 10-12 ⁇ m in needle shape. Conidia form is smooth, oval with thick wall, approximately 3 ⁇ m, almost spherical. As for the shape of the child spermatozoon, the spermatozoon tightly wraps around the base of the straight structure. There are no ascending mycelia. Based on these characteristics, the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was identified as Penicillium vermiculatum Dangeard.
  • a strain of Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain which has the same disease and pest control ability as these strains, can also be used.
  • "Pest control ability” refers to the ability to suppress the occurrence and progression of insect damage caused by pests or pathogens. The ability to control pests can be evaluated by the number of insects killed, the insecticidal rate, the number of survivors, the survival rate, the incidence of diseases, the control value, and the like.
  • Such mutant strains can be obtained by spontaneously mutating the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain, or by mutation treatment with chemical mutagens, ultraviolet rays, etc.
  • the strains can be obtained by selecting a strain having the same ability to control pests as the Tallaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain.
  • Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain, and mutants thereof having a disease-controlling ability equivalent to these strains
  • Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 Strain and Penicillium Vermiculatam Yuri-12 ”.
  • the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain can be cultured by the methods used for culturing the genera Talaromyces and Penicillium, respectively.
  • the cells can be cultured by a liquid culture method such as reciprocating liquid culture or jar fermenter culture that is cultured in a liquid medium, or a solid culture method that is cultured in a solid medium.
  • a solid culture method is more preferably used.
  • the culture conditions are preferably aerobic under aeration, stirring, shaking, etc., and the culture temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
  • the culture period is preferably 3 to 60 days, particularly preferably 3 to 20 days.
  • the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain are preferably spores from the viewpoint of storage stability as a pest control product. Therefore, in order to form spores, the culture conditions such as the composition of the medium, the pH of the medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the cultivation are adapted to the spore formation conditions, if necessary, at the end of the culture. It is preferable to adjust so that it may be made.
  • potato dextrose medium Sabouraud medium or the like is used.
  • solid culture methods cereals such as rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans, solid components derived from cereals such as bran and soy bean, and solid carriers such as clay minerals that contain nutrients, sugars and nitrogen as needed
  • a medium containing a source or the like can be used.
  • the obtained culture may be used as it is, but it may be used after being crushed or shredded as necessary, and the spore may be mainly recovered from this culture with a sieve or the like.
  • these may be collectively referred to as “culture”.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 12 cfu, and at least one selected from the Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain as a normal colony forming unit. / G, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 7 to 1 ⁇ 10 11 cfu / g.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention preferably contains 0.1 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 50.0% by mass of the culture.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention should be added as an optional component as long as it does not interfere with the effects of the present invention. Can do. Such optional components can be contained as needed for the purpose of formulation, quality stabilization, and the like.
  • Examples of optional components used in the pest control agent of the present invention include the following components.
  • Organic fine powder soluble in D-sorbitol, lactose, maltose, glucosamine
  • natural polysaccharides such as casein, gelatin, gum arabic, alginic acid, celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, chitins, chitosans, etc. as necessary are added; polyvinyl alcohols; polyacrylic acids; bentonite, etc.
  • viscosity, fixation, dispersion, etc. it can be contained as required.
  • dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol can be included as necessary for the purpose of preventing freezing.
  • Anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants can be included as necessary for the purpose of dispersion stability, aggregation prevention, emulsification and the like.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention can be formulated into a form that is actually easy to use. That is, it can be formulated into a wettable powder, a powder, a granule, an emulsion, a flowable agent, a coating agent, and the like together with various optional components as required according to a normal preparation method.
  • wettable powders and powders can be produced by mixing or pulverizing and mixing the above-described surfactants and components that stabilize the quality as necessary with the above-described solid carrier.
  • the granule can be produced by mixing or pulverizing and mixing the above-mentioned surfactant and the component for stabilizing the quality, if necessary, into the solid carrier as described above, and further granulating it.
  • the emulsion is mixed or pulverized with a liquid carrier such as vegetable oil, animal oil or mineral oil for the purpose of emulsifying, dispersing, etc., the surfactant as described above, and if necessary, stabilizing the quality.
  • a liquid carrier such as vegetable oil, animal oil or mineral oil for the purpose of emulsifying, dispersing, etc., the surfactant as described above, and if necessary, stabilizing the quality.
  • a liquid carrier such as vegetable oil, animal oil or mineral oil
  • the flowable agent is for the purpose of thickening the above-mentioned auxiliary agent in water, for the purpose of preventing the freezing of the above-mentioned dihydric alcohol, etc., and for the purpose of dispersing the above-described surfactant, etc. Moreover, it can manufacture by mixing or grind
  • the coating agent can be produced by adding an auxiliary agent to a liquid carrier such as water or oil and mixing them to form a sol or gel.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention can be used to control the following diseases.
  • diseases include gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), mycorrhizal disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Sphaerotheca humuli, Erysiphe pisi, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerothetrica fuliginea, leuerothetrica fuliginea These diseases occur in various plants, but the applied plants are not particularly limited.
  • rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), blight (Rhizoctonia solani), brown rot (Erwinia herbicola), wheat leaf blight (Gibberella zeae), tomato Leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), eggplant soy mold (Mycovellosiella nattrasii), strawberry anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), rose scab (Diplocarpon rosae), rust (Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis) , Puccinia hordei, Phakopsora ampelopsidis, Phakopsora pachyrhizi), snow rot (Typhula sp., Micronectriella nivalis), naked smut (Ustilago tritici,
  • the pest control agent of the present invention can be used for controlling insect damage caused by the following pests. Thrips palmos, Thrips setosusu, etc. Thrips of the genus Syltosrips such as Frankliniella, Sciltothrips dorsalis, and thrips of the order of Thripidae such as Kuda thrips; Aphids such as cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii), Myzus persicae, stink bugs such as Plautia crossota, Nezara antennata, Trialeurodes semisia tabaci ), Hemiptera pests such as whiteflies such as silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolli); Common moths such as Hellula undalis, Japanese moths (Spodoptera litura), Japanese moths (Mamestra brasicae), Japanese oysters (Adoxophyes honmai), Japanese moths (Carposina nipon
  • the applied plant is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant that causes the above-mentioned diseases and insect damage, for example, rice, wheat, soybeans, fruit trees such as mandarin oranges and apples cultivated in house facilities, eggplant, cucumber, Fruit and vegetables such as tomatoes, strawberries and peppers, spinach, cabbage, cabbage, leafy vegetables such as lettuce, leek and leek, root vegetables such as carrots and yams, beans such as peas, broad beans and green beans, roses, chrysanthemum, carnations, sakura, Examples include flowering trees such as camellia and foliage plants such as begonia.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention can be applied to agricultural and horticultural plants for the purpose of controlling various diseases and pests as described above. For example, it is applied to seeds, plants, cultivated soils, etc., and the method is appropriately selected depending on the dosage form, the time of occurrence of the disease, the location where the disease occurs.
  • Specific application methods include, for example, seed soaking treatment, seed dressing treatment, seed application treatment, seed spraying (including spraying) treatment, soil spraying (including spraying) treatment, soil mixing application, soil irrigation application, seedling box Methods such as irrigation application, stock source application, above-ground part liquid application, above-ground part solid application, etc. can be mentioned.
  • fungicides when applied, other fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, soil improvement materials, etc., as long as the effects of the pest control agent of the present invention are not impaired. Can be applied by mixing, or alternatively, without mixing, or by simultaneous application.
  • ⁇ Production Example 1 Production of Talalomyces spores Using a bran as a medium, an inoculum of Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was inoculated thereto, followed by solid culture at 30 ° C for 10 days. After completion of the culture, the culture was dried, the dried culture was sieved to remove the residue of the bran, and Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 spore-containing powder (4 ⁇ 10 9 cfu / g) was obtained.
  • ⁇ Manufacture example 3 Manufacture of a penicillium spore
  • the bran was used for the culture medium, the inoculum of Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 stock
  • strain was inoculated to this, and it solid-cultured at 30 degreeC for 10 days. After completion of the culture, the culture was dried, the dried culture was sieved to remove the residue of the bran, and Penicillium vermiculatam Yuri-12 spore-containing powder (2.6 ⁇ 10 9 cfu / g) was obtained.
  • ⁇ Production Example 4 Production of Penicillium Formulation Using the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 spore-containing powder obtained in Production Example 3 above, 10% by mass of this spore-containing powder, SORPOL5082 (Toho Chemical Industries) as a surfactant 5% by weight), 5% by weight, clay minerals (K clay: manufactured by Katsumiyama Mining Co., Ltd.) 45% by weight and glucosamine (Yaizu Suisan Chemical Co., Ltd.) 40% by weight. Using a machine, mixing and pulverization were performed to obtain the preparation of Production Example 4 (4 ⁇ 10 8 cfu / g).
  • Example 1 Insecticidal effect of cotton aphids A sterilized non-woven fabric was dropped into a cup through a 1.5 cm cut in a 9 cm diameter plastic cup lid, and sterilized water was put into the cup and the lid was covered. A 2 cm square cucumber leaf piece was placed on the water-absorbed non-woven fabric, and 30 cotton aphid adults were released. The same size cup was placed on top and grown in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C for 24 hours. Thereafter, the preparations produced in Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were each diluted 1000 times with tap water and sprayed. After air drying at room temperature, it was again covered with a cup and allowed to stand in a constant temperature room for 4 days. The mortality rate (%) was calculated using a non-sprayed area sprayed only with tap water as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 Control effect of Kanzawa spider mite
  • Ten strawberry seedlings (variety: Tochiotome) grown in a 9 cm diameter pot were used. Two to three strawberry leaves parasitic to adult female Kanzawa spider mite were placed on each leaf and grown in an artificial weather machine at 23 ° C.
  • the preparations obtained in Example 2 and Production Example 4 were diluted 1000-fold with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain to a volume of 300 L / 10a.
  • a tebufenpyrad emulsion spraying zone manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Pirnica EW
  • a tebufenpyrad emulsion spraying zone manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Pirnica EW 2000-fold diluted solution spraying zone was provided as a non-spraying zone and a chemical agent zone.
  • Three days after spraying and 5 days after the application the number of adult female mosquito spider mites parasitizing three double leaves of each strain was investigated, and the
  • the pest control agent of the present invention has an excellent control effect against Kanzawa spider mites, and the effect can be comparable to a chemical agent such as tebufenpyrad.
  • Example 3 Tomato gray mold control effect Tomato (variety: House Momotaro) was carried out in 3 iterations with 1 m 4 m 2 .
  • the preparations of Example 2 and Example 4 were each diluted 1000 times with tap water, and sprayed over the whole tomato using a shoulder sprayer in a ratio of 350 L / 10a once every 7 days.
  • an iprodione wettable powder Robot wettable powder, manufactured by Bayer CropScience 1000-fold diluted liquid sprayed area was provided as a non-sprayed area and a chemical agent group.
  • Control value (cumulative disease rate in non-sprayed area-cumulative disease rate in sprayed area) / cumulative disease rate in non-sprayed area x 100
  • the cumulative disease rate was 34.4%, but in the areas where the preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4 were sprayed, the cumulative disease rate was 4.6% and 3.3%, respectively. .
  • the preparation of Production Example 4 had a control value comparable to that of iprodione wettable powder. From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention was excellent in gray mold disease control effect.
  • Example 4 Control effect of strawberry anthracnose 30 strawberry seedlings were prepared.
  • Strawberry strains that had been caused by spray inoculation with a suspension of strawberry anthracnose fungus (Glomerella cingulata) in advance were placed between the test strains and used as the pathogenic source. In order to get sick, we irrigated about 3 L / m 2 of water daily from morning to evening. Spraying was carried out 3 times at a rate of once every 7 days.
  • the preparations of Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were diluted 1000 times with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain using a shoulder sprayer so as to have a ratio of 300 L / 10a.
  • Control value (rate of diseased strain in non-sprayed zone-rate of diseased strain in sprayed zone) / rate of diseased strain in non-sprayed zone x 100
  • the pest control agent of the present invention is excellent in the effect of controlling anthrax.
  • Example 5 Effect of controlling strawberry powdery mildew and urticid mite Strawberry seedlings that were planted in late September were prepared three times as 20 strains per ward. The drug spraying was performed four times at intervals of 7 days. The preparations of Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were each diluted 1000-fold with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain using a shoulder sprayer to a ratio of 300 L / 10a. At the time of spraying, a 5000-fold diluted solution of a spreading agent (manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Chemicals, specially made Rino) was added.
  • a spreading agent manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Chemicals, specially made Rino
  • trifumizole wettable powder trifumin wettable powder, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.
  • tebufenpyrad emulsion tebufenpyrad emulsion 2000 times diluted solution as non-spreading group and chemical agent spraying group
  • the spreading agent was added similarly at the time of these spraying. Seven days after the final spraying, the occurrence of insect damage and disease was investigated. For powdery mildew, the control value was calculated from the diseased leaflet rate (%) for 3 double leaves of 10 strains.
  • Control value (rate of leaflets in non-sprayed area-percentage of diseased leaflets in sprayed area) / ratio of diseased leaflets in non-sprayed area x 100
  • the powdery mildew control values were 88.4 and 79.4, respectively, which were higher than those in the tebufenpyrad emulsion spraying section.
  • the average number of female adults of the spider mite was also small. From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention is excellent in the powdery mildew disease control effect and the spider mite control effect.
  • the pest control agent of the present invention has the effect of controlling diseases and insect damage that occur in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural plants.
  • it is effective in controlling strawberry anthracnose and other diseases in addition to diseases such as gray mold and powdery mildew that occur in various agricultural and horticultural plants. Suitable for pest control.

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Abstract

Provided are a microorganism having an excellent ability to control disease damages and insect damages (disease and insect damages) occurring in plants over a wide range, a disease and insect controlling agent for agricultural/horticultural plants using the same, and a method of controlling disease and insect damages in agricultural/horticultural plants using the same. At least one member selected from Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096) and variants of these strains having a comparable ability to control disease and insect damages to these strains is applied to agricultural/horticultural plants.

Description

農園芸植物の病虫害防除剤Pest control agent for agricultural and horticultural plants
　本発明は、施設園芸および露地栽培といった農園芸植物の栽培場面において、栽培期間中に発生して植物に被害を及ぼす、病原菌による病害および害虫による虫害（以下、まとめて「病虫害」ともいう。）を防除するための微生物およびこれを含む製剤、並びに微生物を用いた農園芸植物の病虫害の防除方法に関する。 The present invention relates to diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and insects caused by pests (hereinafter collectively referred to as “disease damage”) that occur during cultivation periods and damage plants in cultivation scenes of agricultural and horticultural plants such as institutional horticulture and open field cultivation. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a microorganism for controlling cereals, a preparation containing the microorganism, and a method for controlling diseases and pests of agricultural and horticultural plants using the microorganism.
　農園芸植物の安定生産において、その栽培期間中に発生する病虫害の防除は必須である。
　近年、環境に配慮した持続可能型農業の実現が、国を挙げて推進される中で、従来の化学農薬主体の防除手段に加え、自然界から分離された、病虫害の発生を予防する微生物を主体とした、微生物農薬が脚光を浴びるようになった。
　また、微生物農薬は上記化学農薬の連用に伴い発生する抵抗性獲得害虫や耐性菌にも効果を示すことが多いことから、栽培体系の中で必須になりつつあり、新たな能力をもった微生物を活用した病虫害防除剤が求められている。 In stable production of agricultural and horticultural plants, it is essential to control diseases and insects that occur during the cultivation period.
In recent years, the realization of sustainable agriculture in consideration of the environment has been promoted nationwide, and in addition to the conventional pesticide-based control measures, mainly microorganisms that have been isolated from nature and prevent the occurrence of pest damage As a result, microbial pesticides have come to the spotlight.
In addition, since microbial pesticides are often effective against resistant acquired pests and resistant bacteria that are generated by continuous use of the above chemical pesticides, they are becoming indispensable in the cultivation system and have new capabilities. There is a need for a pest control agent that utilizes sucrose.
　既に、病害または虫害の防除、病害または虫害による被害の軽減を目的とした微生物農薬が開発され、販売されている（非特許文献１）。例えば、糸状菌を利用した微生物農薬が開発され、具体的には、いちご炭疽病に対して拮抗作用を有するタラロマイセス属菌が発見されている（特許文献１）。また、ペニシリウム・シトリナムF1593株が産生する物質を含有する農園芸用殺虫剤が知られている（特許文献２）。しかしながら、病害および虫害の両者（病虫害）を防除する作用を有するタラロマイセス属菌、ペニシリウム属菌は知られていない。
　一方、病害および虫害の両者（病虫害）を防除する微生物農薬としては、バーティシリウム・レカニを含有する病害虫防除微生物農薬が知られている（特許文献３）。しかしながら、この農薬が防除できる病害は、コムギ病害のみであり、その適用植物が制限されるという問題があった。 Microbial pesticides have already been developed and sold for the purpose of controlling disease or insect damage and reducing damage caused by disease or insect damage (Non-patent Document 1). For example, a microbial pesticide utilizing filamentous fungi has been developed, and specifically, a Tallomyces spp. Having an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose has been discovered (Patent Document 1). In addition, an agricultural and horticultural insecticide containing a substance produced by Penicillium citrinum F1593 is known (Patent Document 2). However, the Talamomyces spp. And Penicillium spp. Which have the action of controlling both diseases and pests (pests) are not known.
On the other hand, a pest control microbial pesticide containing Verticillium regani is known as a microbial pesticide that controls both disease and insect damage (pest damage) (Patent Document 3). However, the disease that can be controlled by this pesticide is only wheat disease, and there is a problem that the applicable plant is restricted.
特開平１０－２２９８７２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-229872 特開２００５－１７６６８４号公報JP 2005-176684 A 特開２００６－１６９１１５号公報JP 2006-169115 A
　本発明は、広範囲の植物に発生する病害および虫害（病虫害）の防除能に優れた微生物、およびこれを利用した農園芸植物の病虫害防除剤、および農園芸植物の病虫害の防除方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention provides a microorganism having an excellent ability to control diseases and insect damage (pest damage) that occur in a wide range of plants, an agricultural and horticultural plant disease control agent using the same, and an agricultural and horticultural plant disease and insect control method. Is an issue.
　本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく、鋭意研究を行った。その結果、広範囲の農園芸植物に発生する病虫害の防除能に優れた微生物を発見し、この微生物を利用して、農園芸植物の病虫害を防除できることを知見し、本発明を完成させた。すなわち、本発明は、以下のとおりである。 The present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, a microorganism having excellent ability to control pests and insects occurring in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural plants was discovered, and it was found that this microorganism could be used to control pests and diseases of agricultural and horticultural plants, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
（１）タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）、およびこれらの菌株の変異株であってこれらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株から選ばれる少なくとも一つを含有することを特徴とする、農園芸植物の病虫害防除剤（以下、「本発明の病虫害防除剤」という。）。
（２）タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）、およびこれらの菌株の変異株であってこれらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株から選ばれる少なくとも一つを農園芸用植物に施用することを特徴とする、農園芸植物の病虫害防除方法。
（３）タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）。
（４）ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）。 (1) Talaromyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096), and variants of these strains A pest control agent for agricultural and horticultural plants (hereinafter referred to as “the pest control agent of the present invention”), which contains at least one selected from strains having the same pest control ability as these strains.
(2) Talaromyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096), and variants of these strains A method for controlling pests of agricultural and horticultural plants, comprising applying at least one selected from bacterial strains having the same ability to control pests and diseases as those of these strains to agricultural and horticultural plants.
(3) Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095).
(4) Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096).
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株またはペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株のいずれか一つまたは両方を含有することを特徴とする。「病虫害防除」とは、害虫による虫害または病原菌による病害の発生、進行を抑制することを指す。
　タラロマイセス　フラバスと、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムは、完全世代と不完全世代の関係にある。なお、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムは、ペニシリウム　ダンゲルディ（Penicillium dangeardii）とも呼ばれる。
　ここで、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株には、その不完全世代の菌株、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株には、その完全世代の菌株が含まれる。 The pest control agent of the present invention is characterized by containing one or both of Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain. “Pest control” refers to inhibiting the occurrence and progression of insect damage caused by insect pests or pathogens.
Talalomyces flavus and Penicillium vermiculatum have a relationship between the complete generation and the incomplete generation. Penicillium vermiculatam is also called Penicillium dangeardii.
Here, the Tallaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain includes its incomplete generation strain, and the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain includes its full generation strain.
　タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株は、2005年7月に日本国内の植物体、具体的には葉裏面から分離された菌株であり、平成１９年１２月４日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター（日本国茨城県つくば市東1-1-1  つくばセンター 中央第6）に、受託番号FERM P-21455として寄託され、平成２１年２月１６日にブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管され、受領番号FERM ABP-11095が付与されている。また、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株は、2005年7月に日本国内の植物体、具体的には葉裏面から分離された菌株であり、平成１９年１２月４日に、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに受託番号FERM P-21456として寄託され、平成２１年２月１６日にブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管され、受領番号FERM ABP-11096が付与されている。
　タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株は、DSMZにより同定された。コロニーの特徴は以下のとおりであった。
　Czapek-酵母エキス培地上25℃、7日間で30mm径、粒状で明黄色、菌糸は黄色、分生子生育能は弱く、緑色、赤茶色の浸出液が少量。プレートの裏はオレンジ色。子のう果の形態は強く絡み合った菌糸網よりなる。子のう果原基はまっすぐの造のう器基部に造精器が堅く巻き付く。２週間で成熟。子のう胞子は黄色、楕円形、4×3μm、全体に刺面。分生子柄は気生菌糸から生じ、薄膜、滑面。小梗は10～18μm、針状。分生子は楕円形、2.5～3μm、滑面。
　このような特徴から、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株は、Talaromyces flavus (Kloecker) Solk & Samsonと同定された。
　ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株は、DSMZにより同定された。コロニーの特徴は以下のとおりであった。
　モルトエクストラクト培地上25℃、7日間で30mm径、フェルト状で黄色。菌糸は黄色。分生子生育能は弱く、灰緑色。浸出液なし。プレートの裏は茶橙色。分生子柄の形態は、気中菌糸から短く生じ、薄膜、滑面、両輪性。小梗の形態は10～12μm、針状。分生子の形態は滑面、厚い壁の長円面、約3μmでほぼ球状。子のう果原基の形態はまっすぐの造のう器基部に造精器が堅く巻き付く。子嚢性の菌糸はない。
　このような特徴から、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株は、Penicillium vermiculatum Dangeardと同定された。 The Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was isolated from a plant body in Japan in July 2005, specifically from the back of the leaf. On December 4, 2007, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Deposited under the deposit number FERM P-21455 at the Biological Depositary Center (1-1-1 Tsukuba Center Central, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan) and transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 16, 2009 The receipt number FERM ABP-11095 has been given. Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was isolated from a plant body in Japan in July 2005, specifically from the back of the leaf. On December 4, 2007, an independent administrative agency. Deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Biological Deposit Center under the deposit number FERM P-21456, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 16, 2009, and given the receipt number FERM ABP-11096.
The Tallalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was identified by DSMZ. The characteristics of the colony were as follows.
Czapek-yeast extract medium at 25 ° C, 7 mm diameter, 30 mm diameter, granular and light yellow, mycelium is yellow, conidia growth ability is weak, green and reddish brown leachate is small. The back of the plate is orange. The shape of the pupa is made up of strongly intertwined mycelia. The child's cocoon base is tightly wrapped around the straight basin. Mature in 2 weeks. The ascospore is yellow, oval, 4 × 3μm, and the entire surface is stabbed. Conidial pattern is generated from aerial hyphae, thin film, smooth surface. Small infarction is 10-18μm, needle-like. The conidia are oval, 2.5-3μm, smooth.
From these characteristics, the Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was identified as Talaromyces flavus (Kloecker) Solk & Samson.
The Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was identified by DSMZ. The characteristics of the colony were as follows.
On a malt extract medium at 25 ° C for 7 days, 30mm diameter, felt and yellow. Mycelium is yellow. The conidia growth ability is weak and grayish green. No leachate. The back of the plate is brown orange. The conidial pattern is short from aerial hyphae, thin, smooth and bicyclic. Small infarction is 10-12 μm in needle shape. Conidia form is smooth, oval with thick wall, approximately 3μm, almost spherical. As for the shape of the child spermatozoon, the spermatozoon tightly wraps around the base of the straight structure. There are no ascending mycelia.
Based on these characteristics, the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain was identified as Penicillium vermiculatum Dangeard.
　また、本発明の病虫害防除剤においては、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株またはペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株の変異株であって、これらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株を用いることもできる。「病虫害防除能」とは、害虫による虫害または病原菌による病害の発生、進行を抑制する能力を指す。病虫害防除能は、害虫の殺虫数、殺虫率、生存数、生存率、病害の発生率、防除価等により評価することができる。例えば、下記実施例に記載されるような灰色かび病、うどんこ病、いちご炭疽病の少なくとも一つの病害およびワタアブラムシ等のアブラムシ類、カンザワハダニ、ナミハダニ等のテトラニカス属（Tetranychus）に属する害虫の少なくとも一つについて病虫害防除能を評価すればよい。
　このような変異株は、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株またはペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株を自然変異することにより得られた菌株や、化学的変異剤や紫外線等で変異処理することにより得られた菌株から、それぞれタラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株またはペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株を選抜することにより得ることができる。
　以下、「タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株、およびこれらの変異株であって、これらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株」を単に、「タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株およびペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株」とよぶ。 In the pest control agent of the present invention, a strain of Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain, which has the same disease and pest control ability as these strains, can also be used. . "Pest control ability" refers to the ability to suppress the occurrence and progression of insect damage caused by pests or pathogens. The ability to control pests can be evaluated by the number of insects killed, the insecticidal rate, the number of survivors, the survival rate, the incidence of diseases, the control value, and the like. For example, at least one of the diseases of gray mold, powdery mildew, strawberry anthracnose, and aphids such as cotton aphid, pests belonging to Tetranychus such as spider mite and urticae as described in the following examples What is necessary is just to evaluate pest control ability about one.
Such mutant strains can be obtained by spontaneously mutating the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain, or by mutation treatment with chemical mutagens, ultraviolet rays, etc. The strains can be obtained by selecting a strain having the same ability to control pests as the Tallaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain.
Hereinafter, “Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain, Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain, and mutants thereof having a disease-controlling ability equivalent to these strains” are simply referred to as “Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01”. Strain and Penicillium Vermiculatam Yuri-12 ”.
　タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株およびペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株は、それぞれタラロマイセス属菌、ペニシリウム属菌の培養に用いられる方法で培養することができる。例えば、液体培地中で培養する往復動式液体培養やジャーファメンター培養等の液体培養法や固体培地で培養する固体培養法により、培養することができる。タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株またはペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株の胞子を収率良く生産するには、固体培養法がより好適に用いられる。培養条件は、通気、攪拌、振とう等の方法により好気的条件下が望ましく、培養温度は２０～４０℃が好ましい。培養期間は３～６０日間とするのが好ましく、３～２０日間とするのが特に好ましい。
　タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株およびペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株は、病虫害防除剤の製品としての保存性の観点から、胞子であることが好ましい。したがって、胞子を形成させるために、必要であれば培養の終期において、培地の組成、培地のｐＨ、培養温度、培養湿度、培養する際の酸素濃度等の培養条件を、その胞子形成条件に適合させるように調整することが好ましい。 The Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain can be cultured by the methods used for culturing the genera Talaromyces and Penicillium, respectively. For example, the cells can be cultured by a liquid culture method such as reciprocating liquid culture or jar fermenter culture that is cultured in a liquid medium, or a solid culture method that is cultured in a solid medium. In order to produce spores of the Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain or Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain with high yield, a solid culture method is more preferably used. The culture conditions are preferably aerobic under aeration, stirring, shaking, etc., and the culture temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C. The culture period is preferably 3 to 60 days, particularly preferably 3 to 20 days.
The Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain are preferably spores from the viewpoint of storage stability as a pest control product. Therefore, in order to form spores, the culture conditions such as the composition of the medium, the pH of the medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the cultivation are adapted to the spore formation conditions, if necessary, at the end of the culture. It is preferable to adjust so that it may be made.
　液体培養法においては、ポテトデキストロース培地やサブロー培地等が用いられる。固体培養法においては、米、麦、トウモロコシ、ダイズ等の穀物類、フスマ、大豆カス等の穀物由来の固体成分や、栄養源を含む粘土鉱物等の固体担体等に必要に応じて糖類や窒素源等を含ませた培地を用いることができる。 In the liquid culture method, potato dextrose medium, Sabouraud medium or the like is used. In solid culture methods, cereals such as rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans, solid components derived from cereals such as bran and soy bean, and solid carriers such as clay minerals that contain nutrients, sugars and nitrogen as needed A medium containing a source or the like can be used.
　得られた培養物はそのまま用いても良いが、必要に応じて破砕あるいは細断して用いても良く、さらに、この培養物から篩等により胞子を主体に回収して用いても良い。また、水や油等の液体により培養物から菌体を分離し、そのままあるいは濃縮したものを用いても良い。以下これらをまとめて「培養物」ということがある。 The obtained culture may be used as it is, but it may be used after being crushed or shredded as necessary, and the spore may be mainly recovered from this culture with a sieve or the like. Moreover, you may isolate | separate a microbial cell from a culture with liquids, such as water and oil, and you may use what was concentrated as it is. Hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “culture”.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株およびペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株から選ばれる少なくとも一つを、通常コロニー形成単位として、好ましくは１×１０6～１×１０12ｃｆｕ／ｇ、さらに好ましくは１×１０7～１×１０11ｃｆｕ／ｇ含む培養物を配合することにより製造される。 The pest control agent of the present invention is preferably 1 × 10 6 to 1 × 10 12 cfu, and at least one selected from the Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain as a normal colony forming unit. / G, more preferably 1 × 10 7 to 1 × 10 11 cfu / g.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、前記培養物を好ましくは、０．１～９９．９質量％、さらに好ましくは１．０～５０．０質量％含む。 The pest control agent of the present invention preferably contains 0.1 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 50.0% by mass of the culture.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤には、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株およびペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株の他に、本発明の効果を妨げないものであれば、任意成分として添加して使用することができる。このような任意成分は、製剤化、品質の安定化等を目的に必要に応じて含有させることができる。 In addition to Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 and Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12, the pest control agent of the present invention should be added as an optional component as long as it does not interfere with the effects of the present invention. Can do. Such optional components can be contained as needed for the purpose of formulation, quality stabilization, and the like.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤に用いられる任意成分としては、例えば、以下のような成分が挙げられる。 Examples of optional components used in the pest control agent of the present invention include the following components.
　例えば、増量剤として、固体担体ではカオリンクレー、パイロフェライトクレー、ベントナイト、モンモリロナイト、珪藻土、合成含水酸化ケイ素、酸性白土、タルク類、粘土、セラミック、石英、セリサイト、バーミキュライト、パーライト、大谷石、アンスラ石、石灰石、石炭石、ゼオライト等の鉱物質微粉末；食塩、炭酸塩、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、尿素等の無機化合物；籾殻、フスマ、カニ殻、エビ殻、オキアミ微粉末、米粕、小麦粉、トウモロコシ穂軸、落花生殻、骨粉、魚粉、粕粉、木粉、炭、くん炭、バーク炭、籾殻くん炭、草木炭、ピートモス、アタパルジャイト、乾燥畜糞、活性炭、油粕、デンプンおよびその加水分解物等の有機物微粉末；Ｄ－ソルビトール、ラクトース、マルチトース、グルコサミン、オリゴ糖類等の可溶性増量剤等を用いることができる。液体担体では、水、植物油、動物油、鉱物油、合成水溶性高分子等を用いることができる。 For example, as a bulking agent, kaolin clay, pyroferrite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, synthetic silicon hydroxide, acid clay, talc, clay, ceramic, quartz, sericite, vermiculite, pearlite, Otani stone, anthra Mineral fine powder such as stone, limestone, coal stone, zeolite; inorganic compounds such as salt, carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, urea; rice husk, bran, crab shell, shrimp shell, krill fine powder, rice bran, wheat flour, Corn cob, peanut husk, bone meal, fish meal, rice cake powder, wood powder, charcoal, kun charcoal, bark charcoal, rice husk kun charcoal, grass charcoal, peat moss, attapulgite, dry animal manure, activated carbon, oil cake, starch and hydrolysates thereof Organic fine powder: soluble in D-sorbitol, lactose, maltose, glucosamine, oligosaccharides, etc. Fillers and the like can be used. As the liquid carrier, water, vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, synthetic water-soluble polymer and the like can be used.
　さらに、必要に応じて補助剤としてカゼイン、ゼラチン、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸、セルロース類、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キサンタンガム、キチン類、キトサン類等の天然多糖類等；ポリビニルアルコール類；ポリアクリル酸類；ベントナイト等を増粘、固着、分散等を目的として、必要に応じて含有させることができる。 In addition, natural polysaccharides such as casein, gelatin, gum arabic, alginic acid, celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, chitins, chitosans, etc. as necessary are added; polyvinyl alcohols; polyacrylic acids; bentonite, etc. For the purpose of viscosity, fixation, dispersion, etc., it can be contained as required.
　また、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等の二価アルコール等を、凍結防止等を目的として、必要に応じて含有させることができる。 In addition, dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol can be included as necessary for the purpose of preventing freezing.
　アニオン型、カチオン型、両性型等の界面活性剤を分散安定、凝集防止、乳化等を目的として、必要に応じて含有させることができる。 Anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants can be included as necessary for the purpose of dispersion stability, aggregation prevention, emulsification and the like.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、実際に使用し易い形態に製剤化することができる。つまり、通常の製剤の製造方法に従って、必要に応じて、各種任意成分とともに、水和剤、粉剤、粒剤、乳剤、フロアブル剤、塗布剤等に製剤化することができる。 The pest control agent of the present invention can be formulated into a form that is actually easy to use. That is, it can be formulated into a wettable powder, a powder, a granule, an emulsion, a flowable agent, a coating agent, and the like together with various optional components as required according to a normal preparation method.
　例えば、水和剤、粉剤は、上記したような固体担体に、必要に応じて上記したような界面活性剤や品質を安定させる成分を混合または粉砕混合することにより製造することができる。 For example, wettable powders and powders can be produced by mixing or pulverizing and mixing the above-described surfactants and components that stabilize the quality as necessary with the above-described solid carrier.
　例えば、粒剤は、上記したような固体担体に、必要に応じて上記したような界面活性剤や品質を安定させる成分を混合または粉砕混合し、更に造粒することにより製造することができる。 For example, the granule can be produced by mixing or pulverizing and mixing the above-mentioned surfactant and the component for stabilizing the quality, if necessary, into the solid carrier as described above, and further granulating it.
　例えば、乳剤は、植物油、動物油、鉱物油等の液状担体に、必要に応じて上記したような界面活性剤を乳化、分散等を目的として、また、品質を安定させる成分を混合または粉砕混合することにより製造することができる。 For example, the emulsion is mixed or pulverized with a liquid carrier such as vegetable oil, animal oil or mineral oil for the purpose of emulsifying, dispersing, etc., the surfactant as described above, and if necessary, stabilizing the quality. Can be manufactured.
　例えば、フロアブル剤は、水に上記したような補助剤を増粘等を目的として、上記したような二価アルコール等を凍結防止を目的として、上記したような界面活性剤を分散等を目的として、また、品質を安定させる成分を混合または粉砕混合することにより製造することができる。 For example, the flowable agent is for the purpose of thickening the above-mentioned auxiliary agent in water, for the purpose of preventing the freezing of the above-mentioned dihydric alcohol, etc., and for the purpose of dispersing the above-described surfactant, etc. Moreover, it can manufacture by mixing or grind | pulverizing and mixing the component which stabilizes quality.
　例えば、塗布剤は、水や油等の液体担体に補助剤を加え、混合し、ゾル状またはゲル状とすることにより製造することができる。 For example, the coating agent can be produced by adding an auxiliary agent to a liquid carrier such as water or oil and mixing them to form a sol or gel.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、以下のような病害を防除するために用いることができる。
　灰色かび病（Botrytis cinerea）、菌核病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）、うどんこ病（Erysiphe graminis、Uncinula necator、Sphaerotheca humuli、Erysiphe pisi、Sphaerotheca pannosa、Erysiphe cichoracearum、Sphaerotheca fuliginea、Podosphaera leucotricha）等が挙げられる。これらの病害は、種々の植物に発生するが、適用する植物は特に制限されない。
　その他に、イネのいもち病（Pyricularia oryzae）、ごま葉枯病（Cochliobolus miyabeanus）、紋枯病（Rhizoctonia solani）、内頴褐変病（Erwinia herbicola）、コムギの赤かび病（Gibberella zeae）、トマトの葉かび病(Cladosporium fulvum)、なすのすすかび病（Mycovellosiella nattrasii）、いちごの炭疽病（Glomerella cingulata、Colletotrichum acutatum）、バラの黒星病（Diplocarpon rosae）、さび病（Puccinia striiformis、 Puccinia graminis、 Puccinia recondita、 Puccinia hordei、Phakopsora ampelopsidis、Phakopsora pachyrhizi）、雪腐病（Typhula sp.,Micronectriella nivalis）、裸黒穂病 (Ustilago tritici, U. nuda)、なまぐさ黒穂病 (Tilletia caries)、眼紋病（Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides）、雲形病（Rhynchosporium secalis）、葉枯病（Septoria tritici、Curvularia geniculata、 Helminthosporium-hagare-byo）、ふ枯病（Leptosphaeria nodorum）、カンキツ類の黒点病（Diaporthe citri）、そうか病（Elsinoe fawcetti）、果実腐敗病(Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum)、リンゴのモニリア病(Sclerotinia mali)、腐らん病(Valsa mali)、斑点落葉病（Alternaria mali）、黒星病（Venturia inaequalis、Cladosporium carpophilum）、ナシの黒星病（Venturia nashicola, V. pirina）、黒斑病（Alternaria kikuchiana）、赤星病（Gymnosporangium haraeanum）、モモの灰星病（Sclerotinia cinerea）、フォモプシス腐敗病（Phomopsis sp.）、ブドウの黒とう病（Elsinoe ampelina）、晩腐病（Glomerella cingulata）、ブラックロット病（Guignardia bidwellii）、べと病（Plasmopara viticola、Pseudoperonospora cubensis、Peronospora tabacina）、カキの炭疽病（Gloeosporium kaki）、落葉病 (Cercospora kaki、Mycosphaerella nawae)、ウリ類の炭疽病（Colletotrichum lagenarium）、つる枯病(Mycosphaerella melonis)、つる割病(Fusarium oxysporum)、苗立枯病 (Pythium sp.)；トマトの輪紋病（Alternaria solani）、葉かび病 (Cladosporium fulvum)、疫病（Phytophthora infestans、Phytophthora sp.、Phytophthora nicotianae）、ナスの褐紋病（Phomopsis vexans）、アブラナ科野菜の黒斑病（Alternaria japonica）、白斑病（Cercosporella brassicae）、ネギのさび病（Puccinia allii）、ダイズの紫斑病（Cercospora kikuchii）、黒とう病（Elsinoe glycines）、黒点病 (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae)、インゲンの炭疽病（Colletotrichum lindemthianum）、ラッカセイの黒渋病（Cercospora personata）、褐斑病（Cercospora arachidicola）、ジャガイモの夏疫病（Alternaria solani）、チャの網もち病（Exobasidium reticulatum）、白星病（Elsinoe leucospila）、タバコの赤星病（Alternaria longipes）、炭疽病（Colletotrichum tabacum、Colletotrichum graminicola）、テンサイの褐斑病（Cercospora beticola）、バラの黒星病（Diplocarpon rosae）、キクの褐斑病 (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici)、白さび病（Puccinia horiana）、芝のダラースポット病（Sclerotinia homeocarpa）、擬似葉腐病(Ceratobasidium spp.)、葉腐病(Rhizoctonia solani)、雪腐小粒菌核病(Typhula incarnata, Typhula ishikariensis)、紅色雪腐病(Monographella nivalis)、Pythium病(Pythium spp.)、ブラウンパッチ病およびラージパッチ病（Rhizoctonia solani）等が挙げられる。 The pest control agent of the present invention can be used to control the following diseases.
Examples include gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), mycorrhizal disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Sphaerotheca humuli, Erysiphe pisi, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerothetrica fuliginea, leuerothetrica fuliginea These diseases occur in various plants, but the applied plants are not particularly limited.
In addition, rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), blight (Rhizoctonia solani), brown rot (Erwinia herbicola), wheat leaf blight (Gibberella zeae), tomato Leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), eggplant soy mold (Mycovellosiella nattrasii), strawberry anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), rose scab (Diplocarpon rosae), rust (Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis) , Puccinia hordei, Phakopsora ampelopsidis, Phakopsora pachyrhizi), snow rot (Typhula sp., Micronectriella nivalis), naked smut (Ustilago tritici, U. nuda), maggot scab (Tilletia caries), and eyelid disease (Pseudocercospes) , Cloud disease (Rhynchosporium secalis), leaf blight (Septoria tritici, Curvularia geniculata, Helminthosporium-hagare-byo), blight (Leptosphaeria nodorum), citrus black spot ( Diaporthe citri), common scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), fruit rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), apple monilia (Sclerotinia mali), rot (Valsa mali), spotted leaf (Alternaria mali), black scab (Venturia inaequalis, Cladosporium carpophilum), pear black spot disease (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), black spot disease (Alternaria kikuchiana), red star disease (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), peach blight (Sclerotinia cinerea), fomosis rot (fomosis rot) Phomopsis sp.), Grape black rot (Elsinoe ampelina), late rot (Glomerella cingulata), black lot disease (Guignardia bidwellii), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Peronospora tabacina), oyster anthracnose ( Gloeosporium kaki), deciduous leaf disease (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae), cucurbit anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), vine blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), vine split disease (Fusarium oxysporum), seedling blight (Pythium) sp.); tomato ring rot (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), plague (Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora sp., Phytophthora nicotianae), eggplant brown rot (Phomopsis vexans), black of cruciferous vegetables Spot disease (Alternaria japonica), white spot disease (Cercosporella brassicae), spring onion rust (Puccinia allii), soybean purpura (Cercospora kikuchii), black scab (Elsinoe glycines), black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. Sojae), Common bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum), groundnut black rot (Cercospora personata), brown spot (Cercospora arachidicola), potato summer plague (Alternaria solani), tea net blast (Exobasidium reticulatum), white rot (Elsinoe) leucospila), tobacco scab (Alternaria longipes), anthrax (Colletotrichum tabacum, Colletotrichum graminicola), sugar beet brown spot (Cercospora beticola), rose scab (Diplocarpon rosae) ), Brown spot of chrysanthemum (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), white rust (Puccinia horiana), turf dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), pseudoleaf rot (Ceratobasidium spp.), Leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Examples include snow rot microbe nuclear disease (Typhula incarnata, Typhula ishikariensis), red snow rot (Monographella nivalis), Pythium disease (Pythium spp.), Brown patch disease and large patch disease (Rhizoctonia solani).
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、以下のような害虫による虫害を防除するために用いることができる。
　ミナミキイロアザミウマ（Thrips palmi）、ミカンキイロアザミウマ（Frankliniella occidentalis）、ハナアザミウマ（Thrips hawaiiensis）、ネギアザミウマ（Thrips tabaci）、ダイズウスイロアザミウマ（Thrips setosusu）等のスリップス属、ヒラズハナアザミウマ（Frankliniella intonsa）等のフランクリニエラ属、チャノキイロアザミウマ（Sciltothrips dorsalis）等のシルトスリップス属等のアザミウマ類、クダアザミウマ類等のアザミウマ目害虫；
　ワタアブラムシ（Aphis gossypii）、モモアカアブラムシ（Myzus persicae）等のアブラムシ類、チャバネアオカメムシ（Plautia crossota）、アオクサカメムシ（Nezara antennata）等のカメムシ類、オンシツコナジラミ（Trialeurodes vaporariorum）、タバココナジラミ（Bemisia tabaci）、シルバーリーフコナジラミ（Bemisia argentifolli）等のコナジラミ類等の半翅目害虫；
　ハイマダラメイガ（Hellula undalis）等のメイガ類、ハスモンヨトウ（Spodoptera litura）、ヨトウガ（Mamestra brasicae）等のヤガ類、チャノコカクモンハマキ（Adoxophyes honmai）等のハマキガ類、モモシンクイガ（Carposina niponensis）等のシンクイガ類、モモハモグリガ（Lyonetia clerkella）等のチビガ類、キンモンホソガ（Phyllonorycter ringoniella）等のホソガ類、コナガ（Plutella xylostella）等のスガ類、ドクガ類、イラガ類、アメリカシロヒトリ（Hyphantria cunea）等のヒトリガ類、ヒロズコガ類、シンクイムシ類等の鱗翅目害虫；
　マメハモグリバエ（Liriomyza trifolii）、ナスハモグリバエ（Liriomyza bryoniae）、トマトハモグリバエ（Liriomyza sativae）、ヨメナスジハモグリバエ（Liriomyza asterivora）、ナモグリバエ（Chromatomyia horticola）等のハモグリバエ類、イエカ類、ヤブカ類、ハマダラカ類、ユスリカ類、イエバエ類、クロバエ類、ニクバエ類、ウリミバエ（Bactrocera cucurbitae）等のミバエ類、ハナバエ類、タマバエ類、ショウジョウバエ類、チョウバエ類、アブ類、ブユ類、サシバエ類等の双翅目害虫；
　ナミハダニ（Tetranychus urticae）、カンザワハダニ（Tetranychus Kanzawai）等のテトラニカス属（Tetranychus）、ミカンハダニ（Panonychus citri）等のパノニカス属（Panonychus）、クローバーハダニ（Bryobia praetiosa）等のハダニ類、チャノヒメハダニ（Brevipalpus obovatus）等のヒメハダニ類、トマトサビダニ（Aculops lycopersici）等のフシダニ類、チャノホコリダニ（Polyphagotarsonemus latus）等のホコリダニ類、ケナガコナダニ（Tyrophagus putrescentiae）等のコナダニ類等のダニ目害虫；
　ゴマダラカミキリ（Anoplophora malasiaca）、キクスイカミキリ（Phytoecia rufiventris）等のカミキリムシ類、ウリハムシモドキ（Atrachya menetriesi）、ナスナガスネトビハムシ（Psylliodes angusticollis）等のハムシ類、オオニジュウヤホシテントウ（Epilachna vigintioctomaculata）、ニジュウヤホシテントウ（Epilachna vigintioctopunctata）等のテントウムシ類、ドウガネブイブイ（Anomala cuprea）、ヒメコガネ（Anomala rufocuprea）等のコガネムシ類、ヤサイゾウムシ（Listroderes costirostris）等のゾウムシ類、オトシブミ類、等の鞘翅目害虫；
　チュウレンジハバチ（Arge pagana）等のハバチ類等の膜翅目害虫；
　バッタ類等のケラ類直翅目害虫などが挙げられる。
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、灰色かび病、うどんこ病、いちご炭疽病から選ばれる病害、およびアブラムシ類、テトラニカス属（Tetranychus）に属する害虫から選ばれる害虫の虫害の少なくとも一つに対して好ましく用いられる。 The pest control agent of the present invention can be used for controlling insect damage caused by the following pests.
Thrips palmos, Thrips setosusu, etc. Thrips of the genus Syltosrips such as Frankliniella, Sciltothrips dorsalis, and thrips of the order of Thripidae such as Kuda thrips;
Aphids such as cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii), Myzus persicae, stink bugs such as Plautia crossota, Nezara antennata, Trialeurodes semisia tabaci ), Hemiptera pests such as whiteflies such as silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolli);
Common moths such as Hellula undalis, Japanese moths (Spodoptera litura), Japanese moths (Mamestra brasicae), Japanese oysters (Adoxophyes honmai), Japanese moths (Carposina niponensis), etc. , Chibiga such as Lyonetia clerkella, Hosoga such as Phyllonorycter ringoniella, Suga such as Plutella xylostella, Hikoga such as Japanese spiders, Iraga, Hyphantria cunea , Lepidoptera pests such as Thripidae;
Leguminous fly flies (Liriomyza trifolii), eggplant leaf flies (Liriomyza bryoniae), tomato leaf flies (Liriomyza sativae), leafworm flies (Liriomyza asterivora), leaf flies, squid flies, squid, Dipterous pests such as fly, fruit fly, fly fly, fruit fly such as Bactrocera cucurbitae, fly fly, fly fly, fruit fly, fly fly, fly fly, fly fly, sand fly, etc .;
Spider mites such as Tetraychus urticae, Tetranychus Kanzawai, Tetranychus, Panonychus citri, Panonychus, spider mites such as ova Mite, pesticides such as tomato spider mites (Aculops lycopersici), dust mites such as Polyphagotarsonemus latus, mite mites such as mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae);
Longhorn beetle (Anoplophora malasiaca), longhorn beetle such as Phytoecia rufiventris, longhorn beetle (Atrachya menetriesi), longhorn beetle such as Psylliodes angusticollis, Ladybirds such as ladybirds (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata), scarabs such as Anomala cuprea and Anomala rufocuprea, weeviles such as Listroderes costirostris, insects such as insects
Hymenoptera pests such as wasps such as Arrange pagana;
Examples include grasshoppers such as grasshoppers.
The pest control agent of the present invention is preferably used for at least one of diseases selected from gray mold, powdery mildew, strawberry anthracnose, and pests selected from aphids and pests belonging to the genus Tetranychus. Used.
　適用される植物としては、上記病害、虫害が発生する植物であれば特に制限されず、例えばイネ、麦、大豆のほか、ハウス施設で栽培されるミカン、リンゴなどの果樹類、ナス、キュウリ、トマト、イチゴ、ピーマン等の果菜類、ホウレンソウ、キャベツ、ハクサイ、レタス、ネギ、ニラ等の葉菜類、ニンジン、ヤマイモ等の根菜類、エンドウ、そらまめ、インゲンなどの豆類、バラ、キク、カーネーション、サクラ、ツバキ等の花木類、ベゴニア等の観葉植物等を挙げることができる。 The applied plant is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant that causes the above-mentioned diseases and insect damage, for example, rice, wheat, soybeans, fruit trees such as mandarin oranges and apples cultivated in house facilities, eggplant, cucumber, Fruit and vegetables such as tomatoes, strawberries and peppers, spinach, cabbage, cabbage, leafy vegetables such as lettuce, leek and leek, root vegetables such as carrots and yams, beans such as peas, broad beans and green beans, roses, chrysanthemum, carnations, sakura, Examples include flowering trees such as camellia and foliage plants such as begonia.
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、上記のような各種病害、虫害を防除する目的で、農園芸植物に施用することができる。例えば、種子、植物体、栽培土壌などに施用され、その方法は、剤型や病害の発生時期、発生個所などによって適宜選択される。具体的な施用方法としては、例えば種子浸漬処理、種子粉衣処理、種子塗布処理、種子散布（噴霧を含む）処理、土壌散布（噴霧を含む）処理、土壌混和施用、土壌潅注施用、育苗箱潅注施用、株元施用、地上部液散布、地上部固形散布等の方法を挙げることができる。 The pest control agent of the present invention can be applied to agricultural and horticultural plants for the purpose of controlling various diseases and pests as described above. For example, it is applied to seeds, plants, cultivated soils, etc., and the method is appropriately selected depending on the dosage form, the time of occurrence of the disease, the location where the disease occurs. Specific application methods include, for example, seed soaking treatment, seed dressing treatment, seed application treatment, seed spraying (including spraying) treatment, soil spraying (including spraying) treatment, soil mixing application, soil irrigation application, seedling box Methods such as irrigation application, stock source application, above-ground part liquid application, above-ground part solid application, etc. can be mentioned.
　また、施用に際して、本発明の病虫害防除剤の効果を損なわない範囲で、他の殺菌剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、殺ダニ剤、除草剤、植物生長調節剤、肥料、土壌改良資材等を混合施用、あるいは混合せずに交互施用、または同時施用することも可能である。 Further, when applied, other fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, soil improvement materials, etc., as long as the effects of the pest control agent of the present invention are not impaired. Can be applied by mixing, or alternatively, without mixing, or by simultaneous application.
＜製造例１＞タラロマイセス胞子の製造
　培地にフスマを用い、これにタラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01株の種菌を植菌し、３０℃において１０日間固体培養した。培養終了後、培養物を乾燥し、その乾燥培養物を篩にかけ、フスマ残さを除去し、タラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01胞子含有粉末（４×１０9ｃｆｕ／ｇ）を得た。 <Production Example 1> Production of Talalomyces spores Using a bran as a medium, an inoculum of Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 strain was inoculated thereto, followed by solid culture at 30 ° C for 10 days. After completion of the culture, the culture was dried, the dried culture was sieved to remove the residue of the bran, and Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 spore-containing powder (4 × 10 9 cfu / g) was obtained.
＜製造例２＞タラロマイセス製剤の製造
　上記製造例１で得られたタラロマイセス　フラバスYuri-01胞子含有粉末を使用し、この胞子含有粉末１０質量％、界面活性剤としてＳＯＲＰＯＬ５０８２（東邦化学工業製）５質量％、増量剤として粘土鉱物（Ｋクレー：勝光山鉱業所社製）４５質量％およびグルコサミン（焼津水産化学社製）４０質量％の割合になるように原料を混合し、ミル粉砕機を用いて混合および粉砕し、製造例２の製剤（４×１０8ｃｆｕ／ｇ）を得た。 <Production Example 2> Production of Talalomyces preparation Talalomyces flavus Yuri-01 spore-containing powder obtained in Production Example 1 above is used, 10% by mass of this spore-containing powder, and 5% by mass of SORPOL5082 (manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry) as a surfactant. %, The raw materials were mixed so as to have a proportion of 45% by mass of clay mineral (K clay: manufactured by Katsumiyama Mining Co., Ltd.) and 40% by mass of glucosamine (manufactured by Yaizu Suisan Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a bulking agent. Mixing and pulverization gave the preparation of Production Example 2 (4 × 10 8 cfu / g).
＜製造例３＞ペニシリウム胞子の製造
　培地にフスマを用い、これにペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12株の種菌を植菌し、３０℃において１０日間固体培養した。培養終了後、培養物を乾燥し、その乾燥培養物を篩にかけ、フスマ残さを除去し、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12胞子含有粉末（２．６×１０9ｃｆｕ／ｇ）を得た。 <Manufacture example 3> Manufacture of a penicillium spore The bran was used for the culture medium, the inoculum of Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 stock | strain was inoculated to this, and it solid-cultured at 30 degreeC for 10 days. After completion of the culture, the culture was dried, the dried culture was sieved to remove the residue of the bran, and Penicillium vermiculatam Yuri-12 spore-containing powder (2.6 × 10 9 cfu / g) was obtained.
＜製造例４＞ペニシリウム製剤の製造
　上記製造例３で得られた、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタムYuri-12胞子含有粉末を使用し、この胞子含有粉末１０質量％、界面活性剤としてＳＯＲＰＯＬ５０８２（東邦化学工業製）５質量％、増量剤として粘土鉱物（Ｋクレー：勝光山鉱業所社製）４５質量％およびグルコサミン（焼津水産化学社製）４０質量％の割合になるように原料を混合し、ミル粉砕機を用いて混合および粉砕し、製造例４の製剤（４×１０8ｃｆｕ／ｇ）を得た。 <Production Example 4> Production of Penicillium Formulation Using the Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 spore-containing powder obtained in Production Example 3 above, 10% by mass of this spore-containing powder, SORPOL5082 (Toho Chemical Industries) as a surfactant 5% by weight), 5% by weight, clay minerals (K clay: manufactured by Katsumiyama Mining Co., Ltd.) 45% by weight and glucosamine (Yaizu Suisan Chemical Co., Ltd.) 40% by weight. Using a machine, mixing and pulverization were performed to obtain the preparation of Production Example 4 (4 × 10 8 cfu / g).
＜実施例１＞ワタアブラムシの殺虫効果
　滅菌した不織布を直径9cmのプラスチックカップの蓋にあけた１．５cmの切り込みを通してカップ内に垂らし、カップに滅菌水を入れて蓋をした。吸水した不織布に2cm角のきゅうり葉片を置き、ワタアブラムシ成虫30個体を放虫した。同サイズのカップを上からかぶせて23℃の恒温室内で24時間育成した。その後、製造例２および製造例４で製造した製剤をそれぞれ水道水で1000倍に希釈し、散布した。室温で風乾後、再度カップで蓋をして恒温室内で4日間静置した。水道水のみを散布した無散布区を対照として死虫率（％）を算出した。結果を表１に示す。 <Example 1> Insecticidal effect of cotton aphids A sterilized non-woven fabric was dropped into a cup through a 1.5 cm cut in a 9 cm diameter plastic cup lid, and sterilized water was put into the cup and the lid was covered. A 2 cm square cucumber leaf piece was placed on the water-absorbed non-woven fabric, and 30 cotton aphid adults were released. The same size cup was placed on top and grown in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C for 24 hours. Thereafter, the preparations produced in Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were each diluted 1000 times with tap water and sprayed. After air drying at room temperature, it was again covered with a cup and allowed to stand in a constant temperature room for 4 days. The mortality rate (%) was calculated using a non-sprayed area sprayed only with tap water as a control. The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　製造例２および４の製剤は、何れも高いワタアブラムシの殺虫効果を示した。 The preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4 both showed a high cotton aphid insecticidal effect.
＜実施例２＞カンザワハダニの防除効果
　直径9cmポットにて育成したいちご苗（品種：とちおとめ）10株を用いた。各株葉上にカンザワハダニ雌成虫が寄生するいちご葉を２～３枚置き、23℃の人工気象機内で育成した。実施例２および製造例４で得られた製剤は水道水を用いて1000倍に希釈し、300L/10aの量になるよう株全体に噴霧散布した。対照として、無散布区および化学剤区としてテブフェンピラド乳剤散布区（日本曹達株式会社製、ピラニカEW）2000倍希釈液散布区を設けた。散布３日後、５日後に全株を対象として、各株３複葉に寄生するカンザワハダニ雌成虫数を調査し、１株あたりの平均雌成虫数を求めた。結果を表２に示す。 <Example 2> Control effect of Kanzawa spider mite Ten strawberry seedlings (variety: Tochiotome) grown in a 9 cm diameter pot were used. Two to three strawberry leaves parasitic to adult female Kanzawa spider mite were placed on each leaf and grown in an artificial weather machine at 23 ° C. The preparations obtained in Example 2 and Production Example 4 were diluted 1000-fold with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain to a volume of 300 L / 10a. As a control, a tebufenpyrad emulsion spraying zone (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Pirnica EW) 2000-fold diluted solution spraying zone was provided as a non-spraying zone and a chemical agent zone. Three days after spraying and 5 days after the application, the number of adult female mosquito spider mites parasitizing three double leaves of each strain was investigated, and the average number of female adults per strain was determined. The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　無散布区では、日数が経過するにつれ、平均雌成虫数が増加したが、製造例２および４の製剤を散布した区では散布３日後には平均雌成虫数は大きく減少し、散布５日後にはさらに減少していた。散布５日後には、テブフェンピラド散布区にかなり近い平均雌成虫数にまで減少していた。
　以上より、本発明の病虫害防除剤は、カンザワハダニの防除効果に優れ、その効果はテブフェンピラド等の化学剤に匹敵し得ることがわかった。 In the non-sprayed group, the average number of female adults increased as the number of days passed, but in the group sprayed with the preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4, the average number of female adults decreased significantly three days after spraying, and five days after spraying. Was decreasing further. Five days after the application, the average number of female adults was very close to that of the Tebufenpyrad application area.
From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention has an excellent control effect against Kanzawa spider mites, and the effect can be comparable to a chemical agent such as tebufenpyrad.
＜実施例３＞トマト灰色かび病の防除効果
　トマト（品種：ハウス桃太郎）を１区４ｍ2として３反復で実施した。実施例２および実施例４の製剤をそれぞれ水道水で1000倍希釈し、7日に１回の割合で350L/10aの割合になるよう肩掛け式噴霧器を用いてトマト全体に計３回散布した。対照として、無散布区と化学剤区としてイプロジオン水和剤（ロブラール水和剤、バイエルクロップサイエンス社製）1000倍希釈液散布区を設けた。毎回散布前に各区全株の着果数、灰色かび病の発病果数を計数し、最終散布7日後の最終調査時までの累積着果数、累積発病果数を求め。ここから累積発病果率を算出し、下記式に従って防除価を算出した。表３に結果を示す。
　防除価＝（無散布区の累積発病果率－散布区の累積発病果率）／無散布区の累積発病果率×100 <Example 3> Tomato gray mold control effect Tomato (variety: House Momotaro) was carried out in 3 iterations with 1 m 4 m 2 . The preparations of Example 2 and Example 4 were each diluted 1000 times with tap water, and sprayed over the whole tomato using a shoulder sprayer in a ratio of 350 L / 10a once every 7 days. As a control, an iprodione wettable powder (Robral wettable powder, manufactured by Bayer CropScience) 1000-fold diluted liquid sprayed area was provided as a non-sprayed area and a chemical agent group. Before each spraying, count the number of fruits in each ward and the number of fruits of gray mold disease, and calculate the number of fruits accumulated and the number of diseased fruits until the final survey 7 days after the final spraying. From this, the cumulative disease rate was calculated, and the control value was calculated according to the following formula. Table 3 shows the results.
Control value = (cumulative disease rate in non-sprayed area-cumulative disease rate in sprayed area) / cumulative disease rate in non-sprayed area x 100
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
　無散布区では、累積発病果率は３４．４％であったが、製造例２および４の製剤を散布した区では、累積発病果率はそれぞれ４．６％、３．３％であった。特に、製造例４の製剤は、イプロジオン水和剤に匹敵する防除価を有していた。
　以上より、本発明の病虫害防除剤は、灰色かび病の防除効果に優れることがわかった。 In the non-sprayed area, the cumulative disease rate was 34.4%, but in the areas where the preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4 were sprayed, the cumulative disease rate was 4.6% and 3.3%, respectively. . In particular, the preparation of Production Example 4 had a control value comparable to that of iprodione wettable powder.
From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention was excellent in gray mold disease control effect.
＜実施例４＞いちご炭疽病の防除効果
　いちご苗を３０株用意した。あらかじめ、いちご炭疽病菌（Glomerella cingulata）懸濁液を噴霧接種して発病させておいたいちご株を、試験株の間に配置して発病源とした。また、発病をうながすため、頭上から３L／ｍ2程度の水を毎日朝夕に潅水した。散布は7日に1回の割合で計3回散布した。製造例２および製造例４の製剤を水道水を用いて1000倍に希釈し、300L/10aの割合になるよう肩掛け式噴霧器を用いて株全体に散布した。対照として無散布区、プロピネブ顆粒水和剤（アントラコール顆粒水和剤、バイエルクロップサイエンス株式会社製）500倍希釈液散布区を設けた。最終散布7日後に発病株率（％）を調査し、下記式にしたがって防除価を算出した。表４に結果を示す。
防除価＝（無散布区の発病株率－散布区の発病株率）／無散布区の発病株率×100 <Example 4> Control effect of strawberry anthracnose 30 strawberry seedlings were prepared. Strawberry strains that had been caused by spray inoculation with a suspension of strawberry anthracnose fungus (Glomerella cingulata) in advance were placed between the test strains and used as the pathogenic source. In order to get sick, we irrigated about 3 L / m 2 of water daily from morning to evening. Spraying was carried out 3 times at a rate of once every 7 days. The preparations of Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were diluted 1000 times with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain using a shoulder sprayer so as to have a ratio of 300 L / 10a. As a control, a non-spreading section and a propineb granule wettable powder (anthracol granule wettable powder, Bayer Crop Science Co., Ltd.) 500-fold diluted liquid spraying section were provided. Seven days after the final spraying, the disease-causing strain rate (%) was investigated, and the control value was calculated according to the following formula. Table 4 shows the results.
Control value = (rate of diseased strain in non-sprayed zone-rate of diseased strain in sprayed zone) / rate of diseased strain in non-sprayed zone x 100
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
　無散布区では、発病株率は８３．９％であったが、製造例２および４の製剤を散布した区では、累積発病果率はそれぞれ２３．４％、２７．６％であった。
　以上より、本発明の病虫害防除剤は、炭疽病の防除効果に優れることがわかった。 In the non-sprayed group, the disease strain rate was 83.9%, but in the group sprayed with the preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4, the cumulative disease rate was 23.4% and 27.6%, respectively.
From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention is excellent in the effect of controlling anthrax.
＜実施例５＞いちごうどんこ病およびナミハダニの防除効果
　9月下旬に定植したいちご苗を１区20株として3反復用意した。薬剤散布は７日間隔で計４回行った。製造例２および製造例４の製剤を水道水を用いてそれぞれ1000倍に希釈し、肩掛け噴霧機を用いて300L/10aの割合になるよう株全体に散布した。なお、散布時には展着剤（日本農薬製、特製リノー）の5000倍希釈液を添加した。なお、対照として、無散布区および化学剤散布区としてトリフミゾール水和剤（トリフミン水和剤、日本曹達株式会社製）3000倍希釈液、テブフェンピラド乳剤（ピラニカＥＷ、日本曹達社製）2000倍希釈液散布区を設けた。また、これらの散布時には同様に展着剤を添加した。最終散布7日後に、虫害、病害の発生について調査を行った。うどんこ病については、10株の３複葉について、発病小葉率（％）から防除価を算出した。ナミハダニについては、10株の３複葉に寄生する虫の数を計測し、１株当たりの平均雌成虫数を求めた。表５に結果を示す。
防除価＝（無散布区の発病小葉率－散布区の発病小葉率）／無散布区の発病小葉率×100 <Example 5> Effect of controlling strawberry powdery mildew and urticid mite Strawberry seedlings that were planted in late September were prepared three times as 20 strains per ward. The drug spraying was performed four times at intervals of 7 days. The preparations of Production Example 2 and Production Example 4 were each diluted 1000-fold with tap water and sprayed over the entire strain using a shoulder sprayer to a ratio of 300 L / 10a. At the time of spraying, a 5000-fold diluted solution of a spreading agent (manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Chemicals, specially made Rino) was added. In addition, as a control, trifumizole wettable powder (trifumin wettable powder, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) 3000 times diluted solution, tebufenpyrad emulsion (Piranica EW, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) 2000 times diluted solution as non-spreading group and chemical agent spraying group A spraying zone was established. Moreover, the spreading agent was added similarly at the time of these spraying. Seven days after the final spraying, the occurrence of insect damage and disease was investigated. For powdery mildew, the control value was calculated from the diseased leaflet rate (%) for 3 double leaves of 10 strains. For the spider mite, the number of insects parasitizing the three compound leaves of 10 strains was counted, and the average number of female adults per strain was determined. Table 5 shows the results.
Control value = (rate of leaflets in non-sprayed area-percentage of diseased leaflets in sprayed area) / ratio of diseased leaflets in non-sprayed area x 100
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
　製造例２および４の製剤を散布した区では、うどんこ病の防除価が、それぞれ８８．４、７９．４と、テブフェンピラド乳剤散布区よりも高い値を示した。また、ナミハダニの平均雌成虫数も少なかった。
　以上より、本発明の病虫害防除剤は、うどんこ病の防除効果、およびナミハダニの防除効果に優れることがわかった。 In the areas where the preparations of Production Examples 2 and 4 were sprayed, the powdery mildew control values were 88.4 and 79.4, respectively, which were higher than those in the tebufenpyrad emulsion spraying section. The average number of female adults of the spider mite was also small.
From the above, it was found that the pest control agent of the present invention is excellent in the powdery mildew disease control effect and the spider mite control effect.
産業上の利用の可能性Industrial applicability
　本発明の病虫害防除剤は、広範囲の農園芸植物に発生する病害および虫害を防除する効果を有する。特に、種々の農園芸植物に発生する灰色かび病、うどんこ病等の病害のほか、いちご炭疽病等の防除に有効であり、かつアブラムシ類、カンザワハダニ、ナミハダニ等のテトラニカス属（Tetranychus）に属する害虫の防除に好適である。 The pest control agent of the present invention has the effect of controlling diseases and insect damage that occur in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural plants. In particular, it is effective in controlling strawberry anthracnose and other diseases in addition to diseases such as gray mold and powdery mildew that occur in various agricultural and horticultural plants. Suitable for pest control.
[規則26に基づく補充 01.04.2009]　
Figure WO-DOC-RO134
[Supplement under rule 26 01.04.2009]
Figure WO-DOC-RO134

Claims (4)

  1. 　タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）、およびこれらの菌株の変異株であってこれらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株から選ばれる少なくとも一つを含有することを特徴とする、農園芸植物の病虫害防除剤。 Talalomyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium veniculatam (Penicillium vermiculatum) Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096), and variants of these strains, these strains A pest control agent for agricultural and horticultural plants, comprising at least one selected from bacterial strains having the same ability to control pests.
  2. 　タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）、ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）、およびこれらの菌株の変異株であってこれらの菌株と等しい病虫害防除能を有する菌株から選ばれる少なくとも一つを、農園芸植物に施用することを特徴とする、農園芸植物の病虫害防除方法。 Talalomyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095), Penicillium veniculatam (Penicillium vermiculatum) Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096), and variants of these strains, these strains A method for controlling pests of agricultural and horticultural plants, comprising applying at least one selected from bacterial strains having the same ability to control pests to agricultural and horticultural plants.
  3. 　タラロマイセス　フラバス（Talaromyces flavus）Yuri-01株（FERM ABP-11095）。 Talaromyces flavus Yuri-01 strain (FERM ABP-11095).
  4. 　ペニシリウム　ヴァーミキュラタム（Penicillium vermiculatum）Yuri-12株（FERM ABP-11096）。 Penicillium Penicillium vermiculatum Yuri-12 strain (FERM ABP-11096).
PCT/JP2009/054837 2008-03-14 2009-03-13 Disease and insect controlling agent for agricultural/horticultural plants WO2009113648A1 (en)

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JP2011213686A (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-27 Ibigawa Kogyo Kk Disease-controlling agent for rice seedlings, and disease-controlling method for rice seedlings using the same
JP2013158314A (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-19 Sankei Kagaku Kk Filamentous fungus
JP2016526043A (en) * 2013-05-31 2016-09-01 コリア リサーチ インスティテュート オブ バイオサイエンス アンド バイオテクノロジーＫｏｒｅａ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｏｆ Ｂｉｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ Ａｎｄ Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Method for producing biopesticides using Pesilomyces spp.
CN106119134A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-11-16 安徽农业大学 Talaromyces flavus Y28 and the application in preventing and treating fruit tree putrefaction disease thereof
NL2029438B1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2022-12-30 Univ Anhui Agricultural Strain of camellia sinensis endophyte penicillium ehrlichii and its application

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011213686A (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-27 Ibigawa Kogyo Kk Disease-controlling agent for rice seedlings, and disease-controlling method for rice seedlings using the same
JP2013158314A (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-19 Sankei Kagaku Kk Filamentous fungus
JP2016526043A (en) * 2013-05-31 2016-09-01 コリア リサーチ インスティテュート オブ バイオサイエンス アンド バイオテクノロジーＫｏｒｅａ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｏｆ Ｂｉｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ Ａｎｄ Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Method for producing biopesticides using Pesilomyces spp.
CN106119134A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-11-16 安徽农业大学 Talaromyces flavus Y28 and the application in preventing and treating fruit tree putrefaction disease thereof
NL2029438B1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2022-12-30 Univ Anhui Agricultural Strain of camellia sinensis endophyte penicillium ehrlichii and its application

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