WO2009113237A1 - Brûleur pour combustible en poudre fine - Google Patents

Brûleur pour combustible en poudre fine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009113237A1
WO2009113237A1 PCT/JP2009/000496 JP2009000496W WO2009113237A1 WO 2009113237 A1 WO2009113237 A1 WO 2009113237A1 JP 2009000496 W JP2009000496 W JP 2009000496W WO 2009113237 A1 WO2009113237 A1 WO 2009113237A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle body
air
secondary air
furnace
combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/000496
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
田村雅人
須古敏行
Original Assignee
株式会社Ihi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社Ihi filed Critical 株式会社Ihi
Priority to US12/864,741 priority Critical patent/US20100307391A1/en
Priority to DE112009000291.9T priority patent/DE112009000291B4/de
Publication of WO2009113237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009113237A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F23C7/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pulverized fuel burner provided in a furnace that uses fine powder as fuel, such as a coal-fired boiler.
  • a furnace using fine powder as a fuel for example, a furnace using coal as a fuel, pulverized coal is pulverized by a pulverized coal machine into pulverized coal, the pulverized coal is mixed with primary air, and the pulverized powder is mixed with primary air.
  • Some are supplied to a charcoal burner and ejected from the pulverized coal burner to a furnace to float and burn the pulverized coal.
  • the combustion secondary air heated to the required temperature (for example, 250 ° C. to 300 ° C.) is further supplied to the mixed flow of primary air and pulverized coal.
  • the pulverized coal in the mixed stream is heated by secondary air and radiant heat from the inside of the furnace, emits volatile matter, and ignites to generate a flame.
  • 1 indicates a furnace
  • 2 indicates a furnace wall of the furnace 1.
  • a throat 3 is provided on the furnace wall 2
  • a wind box 4 is attached to the counter-fire furnace 1 side of the furnace wall 2
  • a pulverized coal burner 5 is provided concentrically with the throat 3 inside the wind box 4.
  • the pulverized coal burner 5 includes a nozzle body 6 and a secondary air adjusting device 7 provided so as to surround the tip of the nozzle body 6.
  • the nozzle body 6 includes an outer cylinder nozzle 8, an inner cylinder nozzle 9 provided concentrically with the outer cylinder nozzle 8, and an oil burner 11 disposed on the center line of the inner cylinder nozzle 9.
  • An outer cylinder base portion (end portion on the side of the counter-fired furnace 1) 8a of the outer cylinder nozzle 8 has a cylindrical shape whose cross-sectional diameter does not change, and an outer cylinder intermediate portion 8b continuous with the outer cylinder base portion 8a is connected to the furnace 1.
  • the outer cylinder tip 8c continuous with the outer cylinder intermediate part 8b is a tapered cylinder whose diameter is reduced toward the furnace 1, and the outer cylinder is tapered.
  • the taper angle of the distal end portion 8c is larger than that of the outer cylinder intermediate portion 8b, and the diameter is sharply reduced from that of the outer cylinder intermediate portion 8b.
  • the inner cylinder cylindrical portion 9a of the inner cylinder nozzle 9 has a cylindrical shape whose cross-sectional diameter does not change up to the vicinity of the distal end of the outer cylinder intermediate portion 8b, and is an inner cylinder distal end portion that is continuous with the inner cylinder cylindrical portion 9a.
  • 9c has a tapered cylindrical shape having a taper angle equivalent to that of the outer cylinder tip 8c.
  • a fuel conduction space 10 is formed in a hollow cylindrical space with the furnace 1 side end opened.
  • a primary air introduction pipe 12 communicates with a base part (end part on the side of the counter-fired furnace 1) of the outer cylinder nozzle 8, and the primary air 14 and the primary air 14 are communicated with the primary air introduction pipe 12.
  • the transported pulverized coal flows into the fuel conduction space 10 from the tangential direction, and is ejected from the tip while turning inside the fuel conduction space 10.
  • one end of a tertiary air introduction pipe 13 is opened at the base of the inner cylinder nozzle 9, and the other end of the tertiary air introduction pipe 13 is opened in the wind box 4 and is fed to the wind box 4.
  • Combustion air is taken in and led to the inner nozzle 9 as auxiliary combustion air, that is, tertiary combustion air.
  • the secondary air adjusting device 7 includes an auxiliary air adjusting mechanism 15 that houses the tip of the nozzle body 6 and a main air adjusting mechanism 16 that is provided concentrically outside the auxiliary air adjusting mechanism 15. .
  • the auxiliary air adjustment mechanism 15 has a first air guide duct 18 that is reduced in diameter toward the tip, and an air volume adjusting blade 19 that is provided at equal intervals around the base of the first air guide duct 18.
  • the adjustment blade 19 can be rotated synchronously about the rotation shaft 21.
  • the main air adjusting mechanism 16 includes a second air guide duct 22 that is reduced in diameter toward the tip, and an air volume adjusting blade 23 that is provided at equal intervals around the base of the second air guide duct 22.
  • the air volume adjusting blade 23 can be rotated synchronously about a rotating shaft 24.
  • the tip of the second air guide duct 22 is continuous with the throat 3 and the tip of the first air guide duct 18 is in a position retracted from the inner wall surface of the furnace wall 2.
  • the tip of the inner cylinder nozzle 9 is in a position further retracted from the tip of the first air guide duct 18.
  • the pulverized coal together with the primary air 14 is supplied from the primary air introduction pipe 12 to the base of the fuel conduction space 10.
  • the primary air 14 flows toward the furnace 1 while turning in the fuel conduction space 10, and is contracted in the process of passing through the fuel conduction space 10, and is ejected from the tip of the outer cylinder nozzle 8. Is done.
  • Secondary air 26, which is auxiliary combustion air, is heated to a required temperature and supplied to the wind box 4, and the secondary air 26 is adjusted in air volume by the air volume adjusting blade 23, and the second air guide duct. 22 is ejected into the furnace 1 together with the primary air 14 and the pulverized coal.
  • the pulverized coal is heated by the secondary air 26 in the process of being ejected to the furnace 1 and is also heated by receiving radiant heat from the furnace 1. By heating, the volatile matter is released from the pulverized coal, the volatile matter is ignited, and the flame is continuously maintained.
  • a part of the secondary air 26 taken into the second air guide duct 22 is taken into the first air guide duct 18 through the air volume adjusting blade 19 and ejected as secondary auxiliary air. Is done.
  • the air volume of the air volume adjusting blade 23 and the air volume of the air volume adjusting blade 19 By adjusting the air volume of the air volume adjusting blade 23 and the air volume of the air volume adjusting blade 19, the state of the supply amount flow of the secondary air 26 is changed, and the combustion state of pulverized coal is adjusted.
  • a part of the secondary air 26 is led to the inner cylinder nozzle 9 as the tertiary air 27 through the tertiary air introduction pipe 13 and is ejected from the inner cylinder nozzle 9.
  • the combustion state of pulverized coal is adjusted by ejecting the tertiary air 27. Therefore, the combustion state of the pulverized coal is adjusted to be optimum by adjusting the secondary air 26 and the tertiary air 27.
  • the oil burner 11 is used when igniting pulverized coal.
  • a pulverized coal such as a bituminous coal such as bituminous coal including a predetermined amount, for example, about 20% of volatile components, is used.
  • oil coke which is a residue after oil refining is used as fuel.
  • Oil coke has a low volatile content of about 10%, and in the conventional pulverized coal burner 5 described above, the temperature of the pulverized fuel ejected from the pulverized coal burner 5 is low, and a sufficient volatile content is not released. There is a problem that cannot be maintained. Further, when the flame is not maintained, there is a problem that NOx soot increases.
  • the present invention provides a pulverized fuel burner that improves the ignitability with a pulverized pulverized fuel with a low volatile content, and that maintains a flame continuously and stably.
  • the present invention comprises a nozzle body that opens toward the furnace and ejects pulverized fuel together with the primary combustion air, and a combustion secondary air passage formed concentrically around the nozzle body, A blocking portion is provided at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction of the combustion secondary air flow path, and the blocking portion forms a non-flow portion in the combustion secondary air flow path,
  • the present invention relates to a pulverized fuel burner configured to generate a reverse flow phenomenon.
  • the present invention also relates to a pulverized fuel burner in which the range of the shut-off portion occupying the combustion secondary air flow path is variable.
  • the present invention provides a movable ring that is concentrically rotatable with respect to the tip of the nozzle body, a movable guide blade is provided on the movable ring, a fixed guide blade is provided at the tip of the nozzle body,
  • the movable guide vane and the fixed guide vane each have a blocking portion orthogonal to the nozzle axis, and the rotating state of the two blocking portions is changed by rotating the movable ring. It concerns the burner.
  • the nozzle body is housed in a window box, and an air guide duct is provided in the window box concentrically with the tip portion of the nozzle body, and a movable ring is rotatable at the tip portion of the nozzle body.
  • a movable guide vane is provided on the movable ring, a fixed guide vane is provided on the air guide duct, and the movable guide vane and the fixed guide vane each have a blocking portion orthogonal to a nozzle axis,
  • the present invention relates to a pulverized fuel burner configured such that the overlapping state of the two blocking portions is changed by rotating the movable ring.
  • a nozzle body that opens toward the furnace and injects pulverized fuel together with the combustion primary air, and a combustion secondary air passage formed concentrically around the nozzle body.
  • a blocking portion is provided at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the combustion secondary air flow path, and a non-flowing portion is formed in the combustion secondary air flow path by the blocking portion, so that the high temperature in the furnace Since the gas back-flow phenomenon occurs, high-temperature exhaust gas in the furnace is drawn in, the pulverized fuel is heated by the exhaust gas, and even if it is a pulverized fuel with little volatile matter, the ignitability is improved and stable and reliable And the flame is maintained.
  • the range that occupies the combustion secondary air flow path of the shut-off portion is made variable, the strength of the reverse flow phenomenon of the high temperature gas in the furnace can be adjusted, and various volatile component components can be adjusted. Different pulverized fuels can be burned under appropriate conditions.
  • a movable ring is provided concentrically with the tip of the nozzle body so as to be rotatable, a movable guide blade is provided on the movable ring, and a fixed guide blade is provided at the tip of the nozzle body.
  • the movable guide vanes and the fixed guide vanes each have a blocking portion orthogonal to the nozzle axis, and the overlapping state of the two blocking portions is changed by rotating the movable ring.
  • the range that occupies the flow path for the secondary air for combustion in the shut-off section changes, the strength of the reverse flow phenomenon of the hot gas in the furnace can be adjusted, and pulverized fuel with various volatile components can be burned under appropriate conditions Can do.
  • the nozzle body is housed in a window box
  • the air guide duct is provided concentrically with the tip of the nozzle body
  • the movable ring rotates at the tip of the nozzle body.
  • the movable ring is provided with a movable guide vane
  • the air guide duct is provided with a fixed guide vane
  • the movable guide vane and the fixed guide vane each have a blocking portion orthogonal to the nozzle axis.
  • FIG. 3 is a view as seen from an arrow A in FIG. 2. It is operation
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show an example of a pulverized coal burner in which the present invention is implemented. 2 that are the same as those shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
  • the pulverized coal burner 5 includes a nozzle body 6 and a secondary air adjusting device 31, the pulverized coal burner 5 is provided concentrically with the throat 3 opened in the furnace wall 2, and the pulverized coal burner 5 is disposed in the wind box 4. It is stored.
  • the wind box 4 is blown with secondary air 26 from a forced air blower (not shown), and the air volume of the secondary air 26 is controlled by the forced air blower so that the air pressure is adjusted to the air flow necessary for combustion. Is controlled.
  • the nozzle body 6 includes an outer cylinder nozzle 8 and an inner cylinder nozzle 9 provided concentrically with the outer cylinder nozzle 8, and a hollow cylinder shape is provided between the outer cylinder nozzle 8 and the inner cylinder nozzle 9.
  • the fuel conduction space 10 is formed.
  • the base of the nozzle body 6 protrudes from the window box 4 and a primary air introduction pipe 12 is communicated with the outer cylinder base 8a.
  • the downstream end of the tertiary air introduction pipe 13 is communicated with the end of the inner cylinder nozzle 9, and the upstream end is communicated with the wind box 4.
  • the primary air introduction pipe 12 is connected to the pushing ventilator (not shown) via a pulverized coal machine (not shown), and the primary air 14 containing pulverized coal from the primary air introduction pipe 12 is
  • the tertiary air introduction pipe 13 is introduced into the fuel conduction space 10 and takes in a part of the secondary air 26 and introduces it into the inner cylinder nozzle 9.
  • the secondary air conditioning device 31 is provided concentrically with the tip of the pulverized coal burner 5 on the furnace 1 side of the wind box 4.
  • the secondary air conditioning device 31 will be described.
  • An air guide duct 32 is provided concentrically with the outer cylinder nozzle 8 on the surface of the windbox 4 facing the furnace 1, and the air guide duct 32 has a substantially tapered shape whose diameter is reduced toward the furnace 1 side. The tip portion is connected to the throat 3.
  • a movable ring 33 is rotatably provided in the air guide duct 32 so as to be concentric with the air guide duct 32.
  • the required number of movable guide vanes 34 are provided on the inner surface of the movable ring 33 at equal angular intervals, for example, 90 ° intervals. Is provided.
  • the movable guide vane 34 extends toward the center of the pulverized coal burner 5 and the secondary air 26.
  • a flow guide 35 (see FIG. 4A) provided along the flow direction of the flow guide and provided at the upstream end of the flow guide 35 and perpendicular to the flow guide 35 (perpendicular to the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5)
  • the flow blocking portion 36 is configured to rotate integrally with the movable ring 33.
  • the flow guide part 35 is inclined with respect to the first rectification part 35a (see FIG. 4A) parallel to the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5 and the axis, and forms a swirl flow in the secondary air 26. It is formed by two rectification parts 35b (refer to Drawing 4A).
  • the same number of fixed guide vanes 37 as the movable guide vanes 34 are provided at the tip of the outer cylinder nozzle 8 at equal angular intervals, for example, 90 ° intervals.
  • the fixed guide vane 37 has substantially the same shape as the movable guide vane 34, and the fixed guide vane 37 extends radially from the center of the pulverized coal burner 5 and flows along the flow direction of the secondary air 26.
  • Part 38 see FIG. 4A
  • an upstream end of the flow guide 38 and is composed of a flow blocking part 39 orthogonal to the flow guide 38 (perpendicular to the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5)
  • a gap is formed between the outer peripheral end of the fixed guide blade 37 and the inner surface of the movable ring 33, and the flow blocking portion 39 is axial with respect to the flow blocking portion 36. It is displaced in the direction.
  • the flow guide portion 38 is formed by the first rectifying portion 35a and the second rectifying portion 35b, similarly to the movable guide vane 34.
  • the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37 are paired to form a variable blocking portion 41 (see FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B), and the variable blocking portion 41 adjacent to the movable guide vane 34.
  • the fixed guide vane 37 forms a flow path 42 (see FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B).
  • a ring gear 43 is provided at the upstream end of the movable ring 33, a drive gear 44 is engaged with the ring gear 43, a drive shaft 45 is connected to the drive gear 44, and the drive shaft 45 is connected to the drive gear 45. It is connected to a motor 47 provided on the front plate 46 of 44.
  • the ring gear 43 is rotated via the drive shaft 45 and the drive gear 44, and the movable ring 33 is rotated integrally with the ring gear 43.
  • the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37 rotate in the forward and reverse directions and move away from each other.
  • FIGS. 4A and 5A show the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37.
  • FIGS. 4A and 5A show the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37.
  • FIG. 4B and FIG. 5B show a state in which the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37 are most separated from each other.
  • the flow path section of the flow path 42 is the maximum, and the size of the variable blocking portion 41 blocking the flow path 42 is the minimum.
  • the cross section of the flow path 42 is the smallest, and the size of the variable blocking portion 41 blocking the flow path 42 is the maximum.
  • the flow rate of the secondary air 26 is small in the closest state, and the flow rate of the secondary air 26 is large in the most separated state.
  • pulverized fuel for example, pulverized coal having a relatively small volatile content
  • the movable ring 33 is rotated by the motor 47 so that the movable guide blade 34 and the fixed guide blade 37 are brought close to each other.
  • the flow passage cross section of the flow passage 42 becomes larger, and the flow velocity of the secondary air 26 passing through the flow passage 42 becomes smaller. Further, the flow path blocking range by the variable blocking section 41 is reduced. A non-flowing portion of the secondary air 26 is generated between the secondary air 26 flowing on both sides of the variable blocking portion 41 at a downstream portion of the variable blocking portion 41, and a vortex is generated. The reverse flow phenomenon of the hot gas in the furnace occurs due to the generation of the vortex, and the furnace gas is drawn from the furnace 1.
  • the in-furnace gas is high temperature, heats the pulverized coal ejected together with the primary air 14, and ignites reliably even if the fuel is low in volatile content. Therefore, even a pulverized fuel with a small amount of volatile matter is ignited reliably and the flame is stably maintained.
  • blocking part 41 is small, a vortex is small and the inhalation amount of the gas in a furnace from the said furnace 1 is small.
  • the movable ring 33 is rotated by the motor 47 via the ring gear 43, and the movable guide vane 34 and the fixed guide vane 37 are moved. Get away to the maximum.
  • the channel of the channel 42 is narrowed, and the channel blocking range by the variable blocking unit 41 is increased.
  • the flow velocity of the secondary air 26 passing through the flow path 42 is increased, the vortex generated between the secondary air 26 flowing on both sides of the variable blocking portion 41 is increased, and the backflow phenomenon of the hot gas in the furnace is also remarkable. It becomes.
  • the amount of in-furnace gas drawn from the furnace 1 is also increased, and the fine gas fuel is heated to a higher temperature by the in-furnace gas, and it becomes possible to ignite the fine powder fuel with less volatile content and to maintain the flame after ignition.
  • a flow blocking plate (corresponding to the flow blocking unit 36 and the flow blocking unit 39) having a required area is connected to the outer cylinder nozzle 8 and the air. It may be provided at a required circumferential interval between the guide duct 32 and the guide duct 32.
  • a cylinder or the like may be used, or the position may be changed manually.
  • the movable ring 33 is rotatably provided in the air guide duct 32
  • the movable ring 33 may be rotatably provided at the tip of the outer cylinder nozzle 8
  • the fixed guide vane 37 may be provided in the air guide duct 32. Good.

Abstract

Le brûleur pour combustible en poudre fine selon l'invention comprend un corps de buse (6) s'ouvrant vers un four (1) et faisant jaillir le combustible en poudre fine conjointement avec de l'air primaire pour combustion et un passage d'écoulement pour de l'air secondaire pour une combustion formée coaxialement autour de la périphérie du corps de buse. Dans le brûleur, des parties d'interception sont formées à des intervalles prédéterminés dans la direction circonférentielle du passage d'écoulement pour l'air secondaire pour combustion, et une partie de non-écoulement est formée dans le passage d'écoulement pour l'air secondaire pour combustion par les parties d'interception pour générer l'écoulement inverse de gaz chaud dans un four, de sorte que la performance d'allumage du brûleur puisse être améliorée avec le combustible en poudre fine contenant moins de composants volatils, et que la flamme puisse être maintenue de manière stable en continu.
PCT/JP2009/000496 2008-03-10 2009-02-09 Brûleur pour combustible en poudre fine WO2009113237A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/864,741 US20100307391A1 (en) 2008-03-10 2009-02-09 Pulverized fuel burner
DE112009000291.9T DE112009000291B4 (de) 2008-03-10 2009-02-09 Brenner für pulverisierten Brennstoff

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008-059309 2008-03-10
JP2008059309A JP2009216281A (ja) 2008-03-10 2008-03-10 微粉燃料用バーナ

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009113237A1 true WO2009113237A1 (fr) 2009-09-17

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ID=41064911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2009/000496 WO2009113237A1 (fr) 2008-03-10 2009-02-09 Brûleur pour combustible en poudre fine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100307391A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009216281A (fr)
DE (1) DE112009000291B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009113237A1 (fr)

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JP5332389B2 (ja) * 2008-08-08 2013-11-06 株式会社Ｉｈｉ バーナ
JP5369899B2 (ja) 2009-05-27 2013-12-18 株式会社Ｉｈｉ バーナ
DE102011018697A1 (de) * 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Babcock Borsig Steinmüller Gmbh Brenner für partikelförmigen Brennstoff
DE102011056655B4 (de) 2011-12-20 2013-10-31 Alstom Technology Ltd. Brenner zum Verbrennen eines staubförmigen Brennstoffes für einen Kessel mit Plasmazündbrenner
US20130280664A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Profire Energy, Inc Burner assembly with crescent shuttered airplate
DE102012007884A1 (de) * 2012-04-23 2013-10-24 Babcock Borsig Steinmüller Gmbh Brenner für staub- und/oder partikelförmige Brennstoffe mit veränderlichem Drall
CA2960508A1 (fr) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-08 Millstream Energy Products Ltd. Registre d'air destine a un tube de fumee

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JPH08338609A (ja) * 1995-06-13 1996-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 微粉炭燃焼バーナ

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JP3377626B2 (ja) * 1994-11-14 2003-02-17 三菱重工業株式会社 微粉炭バーナ
CA2162244C (fr) * 1994-11-14 1999-04-27 Hideaki Oota Bruleur a combustion de charbon pulverise
JPH08145320A (ja) * 1994-11-18 1996-06-07 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 微粉炭バーナ
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JPH08338609A (ja) * 1995-06-13 1996-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 微粉炭燃焼バーナ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112009000291B4 (de) 2014-11-27
JP2009216281A (ja) 2009-09-24
US20100307391A1 (en) 2010-12-09
DE112009000291T5 (de) 2011-01-20

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