WO2009108972A1 - Schwellensohle für eine eisenbahnschwelle - Google Patents
Schwellensohle für eine eisenbahnschwelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009108972A1 WO2009108972A1 PCT/AT2009/000077 AT2009000077W WO2009108972A1 WO 2009108972 A1 WO2009108972 A1 WO 2009108972A1 AT 2009000077 W AT2009000077 W AT 2009000077W WO 2009108972 A1 WO2009108972 A1 WO 2009108972A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- elastic layer
- elastic
- sill
- reaction mixture
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sleeper for a railway sleeper with at least a first elastic, preferably elastomeric, layer and at least a second elastic, preferably elastomeric, layer, wherein between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer, a reinforcing layer is embedded.
- the invention also relates to methods for producing a Schwellensohle and an arrangement of a railway sleeper and a Schwellensohle.
- a sockliner is understood to mean, as is known per se, an elastic underlay which is arranged on the underside on railway sleepers and which, at the railroad tie, is e.g. is arranged by gluing.
- the sill sole serves to reduce the structure-borne sound emissions of track systems.
- a generic sill is e.g. shown in DE 43 15215 A1. There it is proposed to provide a reinforcing insert between two layers of elastomeric material and to arrange an additional nonwoven fabric layer between the elastomeric material and the ballast bed so that the sill sole only comes into contact with the ballast bed via the outer nonwoven fabric layer.
- the subsequently published AT 505 180 A1 describes a covering material for direct connection to a concrete component, which comprises a layer of at least one polymer having a first surface for abutment and connection to the concrete component, this surface having a surface structuring.
- the surface structuring is formed by at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like elevations.
- the object of the invention is to propose an improvement in generic sleepers, which helps to avoid or at least alleviate the problems mentioned.
- the second elastic layer forms an outer surface of the threshold sole and the reinforcing layer comprises fiber material.
- the second elastic layer in particular at least on the side facing away from the railroad sleeper in operating position or opposite side, forms an outer surface of the sill, whereby the ballast on which the sleeper sole is placed in the operating position including railway sleeper , comes directly in contact with this elastic outer surface of the second layer of the sill sole.
- the required lateral displacement resistance can be met without problems.
- the fiber material of the reinforcing layer in turn prevents too deep penetration of the ballast or ground into the sill, so that premature destruction of the sill sole is prevented.
- the fibers of the fiber material can no longer be pushed apart as easily as in the case of a fiber layer adhered from below to the outer surface of the sleeper sole, so that embedding a particularly high-tensile reinforcing layer is formed, which prevents a deep penetration of the railway ballast in the threshold sole particularly well.
- the fiber material of the reinforcing layer has fiber threads, which in addition to the connection by the embedding between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer at least one additional measure, preferably by knotting or weaving or gluing or welding, are connected to each other.
- the fibrous material of the reinforcing layer comprises or consists of a knit or other knitwear in which the fiber threads are interwoven or looped together as an additional measure.
- the fibrous material comprises or consists of a network in which the fiber filaments are linked or knotted together.
- the fiber material of the reinforcing layer comprises or consists of at least one tissue, which favorably here additional measures such. B. gluing or welding the interwoven fiber threads are provided. In accordance with solid weaves but also the corresponding solid interweaving can be sufficient in itself.
- the fiber material of the reinforcing layer can be made of various natural or artificial fibers, particularly preferred are glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or plastic fibers, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene.
- the reinforcing layer should not have too large a mesh size or any openings that are too large. It is favorable in this context if the reinforcing layer has openings which have an opening width of not more than 2 mm, preferably of not more than 1 mm.
- first elastic layer and the second elastic layer have the same material or consist of the same material.
- the second elastic layer can also be made of a different material than the first elastic layer.
- both the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer are made of an elastomer. Foamed, preferably closed-pored, elastomers are preferred. This can z.
- polyurethane or rubber elastomers In a foamed embodiment, these are known as polyurethane foams or sponge rubber.
- the rubber materials or elastomers may be natural rubber but also artificial rubber products.
- Elastomers in this context are understood to mean dimensionally stable but elastically deformable substances which deform during compression or tensile loading, but return to their original, undeformed shape upon subsequent relief.
- the elastomers can be both plastics and natural products.
- the materials of the first elastic layer and / or the second elastic layer have a density of at least 150 kg / m 3 and / or a porosity of at least 10%. A density of these materials in the range of 400 kg / m 3 to 900 kg / m 3 has proven to be particularly favorable.
- the invention also relates to an arrangement of a railway sleeper and such a sleeper sole.
- the sill sole is arranged at least at one, in operating position the underside facing the underside of the railway sleeper.
- the sill sole is arranged at least at one, in operating position the underside facing the underside of the railway sleeper.
- Schwellensohle also laterally to arrange the railroad tie, especially if the railroad tie is sunk deeper into the ballast bed and thus the gravel also comes laterally into contact with the railway sleeper.
- the second layer of the threshold sole opposite outer surface of the Schwellensohle has a connecting layer with at least one solid material having between the solid material to the outside open spaces for receiving foreign material, preferably for receiving concrete of the railway sleeper, has.
- This makes it possible to hang the threshold sole with the bonding layer on the not yet cured concrete or not yet cured other material of the railway sleeper, so that the concrete or other material can penetrate into the interstices of the tie layer, which is when hardening the railway sleeper to a cohesive or positive and therefore particularly strong connection between the threshold sole and railway sleeper comes.
- the connecting layer is thus conveniently arranged on the side facing in the operating position of the railway sleeper side or surface of the Schwellensohle.
- the solid material, between which the spaces for receiving the foreign material, ie in particular the concrete railroad tie, are arranged, may be in the form of strips, knobs and the like. Formed, which are conveniently projections provided that can be engaged behind the material of the railroad tie form-fitting ,
- the solid material of the bonding layer has a spatially extended grid of filaments, wherein a thickness of the grid and / or a depth of the outwardly open spaces at least 3 times, preferably at least 10 times, the Thickness of one of the threads amounts.
- the material of the railway sleeper penetrating into the interspaces can comprise all the threads in a material-locking or form-fitting manner, whereby a correspondingly firm connection is formed when the material hardens.
- the threads of the grid can be arranged in a confused manner and / or partially connected to one another and / or protrude from the first elastic layer in the form of loops.
- connection layer or the lattice preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of its thickness, is embedded in the first elastic layer.
- a material or positive or material connection is also achieved between the connecting layer and the first layer.
- a preferred method for producing a sleeper according to the invention provides that the reinforcing layer is placed on a pad and then a reaction mixture of a material of the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer, preferably from the side facing away from the pad and / or over the entire surface , is applied to the reinforcing layer and the reinforcing layer is then arranged by floating in the reaction mixture during the reaction of the reaction mixture between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer.
- the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer favorably consist of the same material.
- the embedding of the reinforcing layer between these two layers takes place by the floating of the reinforcing layer in the reaction mixture before it has finally been converted or cured.
- a bonding layer in the first elastic layer of the threshold sole for embedding a bonding layer in the first elastic layer of the threshold sole be provided that during the reaction of the reaction mixture, preferably in a foam phase or rising phase of the reaction mixture, the bonding layer, preferably from the side facing away from the pad, in the Reaction mixture, preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of the thickness of the bonding layer, is pressed.
- the reinforcing layer is pressed in the direction of the substrate or the floating of the reinforcing layer is limited by pressing the connecting layer into the reaction mixture.
- An alternative production method provides that initially the first elastic layer, optionally with a connecting layer arranged thereon, is produced as precursor and subsequently the reinforcing layer is applied to the first elastic layer and subsequently or simultaneously the second elastic layer, preferably as reaction mixture, is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of an inventive embodiment of a threshold sole
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a reinforcing layer prior to its placement in the sill,
- Fig. 3 is a side view of a railway sleeper with a erfindu ⁇ gsdorfen
- connection layer 4 shows an example of a suitable connection layer
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred manufacturing method of a Schwellensohle and
- Fig. 6 is a graph for explaining the foam phase.
- the reinforcing layer 5 is arranged between the first elastic layer 3 and the second elastic layer 4 of the threshold sole 1.
- the second elastic layer 4 forms the lower, ie in the operating position facing away from the railway sleeper or this opposite, outer surface 6 of the sill 1.
- the sill sole 1 On the opposite thereto, so in operating position to the railway sleeper 2 facing side, the sill sole 1 the Connecting layer 7, which is embedded in the embodiment shown here in the first elastic layer 3.
- the connecting layer 7 forms a spatially extended grid of threads 9. Between the threads 9, the intermediate spaces 8 are formed, into which the material of the railway sleeper can penetrate in the sense of a form-fitting, material-based or material-locking connection.
- the connecting layer 7 is embedded to about 40% of its thickness 10 in the first elastic layer 3.
- the thickness 22 of the first layer 3 is between 5 and 15 mm, preferably 5 to 6 or 10 to 15 mm.
- the second elastic layer 4 can be made significantly thinner. Their thickness 23 is favorably between 0.2 and 4 mm.
- the thickness of the reinforcing layer 5 sandwiched between the first elastic and second elastic layers is favorably between 1 to 2 mm.
- the thickness 10 of the bonding layer is preferably between 5 and 15 mm.
- the supernatant of the bonding layer 7 over the first layer 3 is preferably between 3 and 8 mm, more preferably between 4 and 5 mm.
- the thickness of the bonding layer 7 is thus favorably 5 to 10 times the thickness of the reinforcing layer 5.
- the first elastic layer 3 is usually thicker than the second elastic layer 4, desirably at least twice as thick.
- Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the reinforcing layer 5 in the form of a net in a plan view.
- the fiber threads 11 of this network are linked or knotted together at their crossing points 12, whereby a particularly good tensile strength is achieved.
- the mesh width or the width of the openings 13 between the individual fiber threads 11 is favorably not more than 1 to 2 mm.
- textile knitwear such. B. a knitted fabric can be used.
- the particularly high tensile strength is achieved by the intermeshing stitches of the fiber threads 11.
- braids may be used in which the fiber threads 11 are intertwined by an interlocking loops.
- the points of intersection 12 of the individual fiber threads may optionally additionally be glued or welded together. It is even conceivable to use non-woven fabrics as reinforcing layers if their fibers are firmly connected to one another by welding, gluing, bonding or appropriate measures.
- the fibers or fiber threads 11 of the reinforcing layer 5 are advantageously made of glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or a plastic, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene, or have at least such materials.
- Fig. 3 shows a side view of a railway sleeper 2, at the bottom of the sill sole 1 gem.
- Fig. 1 is arranged.
- the connecting layer 7 is embedded both in the material of the railway sleeper 2, as well as in the material of the sleeper sole 1, whereby a particularly strong connection is formed.
- the arrangement thus formed railway sleeper 2 and sleeper sole 1 lies with the outer surface 6 of the second elastic layer 4 on the, here in the form of a ballast bed formed underground 14.
- the railroad track which, as is known, is supported by the upper edge of the railway sleeper 2, is not shown here.
- Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the trained in the form of a 3-D grid connection layer 7 of the embodiment.
- the grid of the connecting layer 7 consists of spatially ent together running threads 9 or cords, which preferably consist of a plastic, such as PP (polypropylene), PA (polyamide) or PE (polyethylene) and have a certain elasticity , Such gratings are used, for example, as drainage grid or geogrid and are also commercially available under these names.
- Important is the spatial extent and the formation of gaps 8 in order to enable a positive or material connection with the Materia) of the railway sleeper 2 and with the first elastic layer 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred production method for a threshold sole 1 according to the invention.
- a first step first the reinforcing layer 5, z. B. by rolling from a delivery roller 21, on a pad 15, preferably spread flat.
- the pad 15 is preferably formed by a conveyor belt or the like, which further conveys the reinforcing layer 5 to the nozzle 17 and in this direction.
- a reaction mixture 16 is applied to the reinforcing layer 5, preferably over the entire surface.
- the reaction mixture 16 resting on the reinforcing layer 5 begins to react or continues its previously initiated reaction. During this reaction period, the reinforcing layer 5 increases in the reaction mixture 16.
- the reaction also takes place conveniently, for. B. by foaming, and an increase in volume of the reaction mixture.
- the indenting roller 19 For embedding the bonding layer 7, the indenting roller 19 is provided in the embodiment shown here. Via these, the connecting layer 7 is supplied and pressed into the not yet fully reacted reaction mixture 16, whereby the embedding of the bonding layer 7 takes place in the first elastic layer 3.
- the penetration depth of the connecting layer 7 is set by way of the distances between the axis of rotation 20 of the indenting roller 19 and the lower surface of the indenting roller 19 with respect to the base 15.
- the reaction of the reaction mixture is concluded, wherein the connecting layer 7 can also be used to prevent further floating of the reinforcing layer 5 in the reaction mixture or to press the reinforcing layer 5 in the direction of the base 15, so that the desired arrangement in the final product is achieved.
- connection layer 7 shows a diagram in which the thickness D of the reaction mixture is plotted against the reaction time t.
- the so-called foam phase 18 can be seen, in which a particularly strong volume increase but also viscosity change takes place in the reaction mixture the nozzle 17 and the impression roller 19 may be selected such that, depending on the reaction rate of the reaction mixture 16, the impression of the connection layer 7 takes place during the foam phase 18 or rise phase shown in FIG.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010548985A JP2011513610A (ja) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-02-26 | 鉄道枕木用の枕木基礎 |
AU2009221612A AU2009221612A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-02-26 | Sleeper pad for a railway sleeper |
CA2715311A CA2715311A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-02-26 | Tie foundation for a railway tie |
ZA2010/05947A ZA201005947B (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2010-08-20 | Sleeper pad for a railway sleeper |
US12/871,994 US20100320281A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2010-08-31 | Tie foundation for a railway tie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0036508A AT506529B1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Schwellensohle |
ATA365/2008 | 2008-03-06 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/871,994 Continuation US20100320281A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2010-08-31 | Tie foundation for a railway tie |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009108972A1 true WO2009108972A1 (de) | 2009-09-11 |
Family
ID=40717138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2009/000077 WO2009108972A1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-02-26 | Schwellensohle für eine eisenbahnschwelle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100320281A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011513610A (de) |
AT (1) | AT506529B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2009221612A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2715311A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009108972A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA201005947B (de) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011110669A1 (de) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Rst-Rail Systems And Technologies Gmbh | Betonschwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
WO2012040798A1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | Cdm N.V. | Elastic pad for concrete elements on which rails of a railway rest |
WO2012045100A1 (de) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zum anschäumen einer kunststoffschaumschicht |
AT510835B1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
WO2012139143A1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
WO2013068259A1 (de) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Semperit Ag Holding | Schwellenbesohlung mit reibungsreduzierender beschichtung für eine gleisschwelle sowie gleisschwelle mit einer solchen schwellenbesohlung |
WO2014110608A1 (de) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-24 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
AT514668A1 (de) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Rillenfüllkörper |
WO2022069512A1 (fr) | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-07 | Rubbergreen Industrie | Semelle élastique et sa methode de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6352630B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2018-07-04 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | まくらぎ用パッド |
DE102014116905A1 (de) | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-19 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Schwellensohle |
DE102016101011A1 (de) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-07-27 | Semperit Ag Holding | Schwellenbesohlung |
DE102016110173A1 (de) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-07 | Semperit Ag Holding | Schwellenbesohlung |
AT520697B1 (de) | 2017-11-21 | 2022-06-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Weiche |
JP6674504B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-04-01 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | まくらぎ用パッド |
KR102363912B1 (ko) * | 2020-03-17 | 2022-02-21 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 부직포와 일체화된 고무패드를 이용한 침목패드 및 그 시공방법 |
KR102394041B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-05-09 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 부직포 융착형 고무패드를 이용한 침목패드 및 그 시공방법 |
KR102394040B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-05-09 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 천공형 고무패드를 이용한 침목패드 및 그 시공방법 |
AT526492A1 (de) * | 2022-09-07 | 2024-03-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Schwellensohle |
AT526754A1 (de) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Schwellensohle |
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2008
- 2008-03-06 AT AT0036508A patent/AT506529B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-02-26 AU AU2009221612A patent/AU2009221612A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-26 JP JP2010548985A patent/JP2011513610A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-02-26 CA CA2715311A patent/CA2715311A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-26 WO PCT/AT2009/000077 patent/WO2009108972A1/de active Application Filing
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2010
- 2010-08-20 ZA ZA2010/05947A patent/ZA201005947B/en unknown
- 2010-08-31 US US12/871,994 patent/US20100320281A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (18)
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RU2557440C2 (ru) * | 2010-03-12 | 2015-07-20 | РСТ-Рейл Системз энд Текнолоджиз ГмбХ | Бетонная шпала и способ ее изготовления |
WO2011110669A1 (de) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Rst-Rail Systems And Technologies Gmbh | Betonschwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
WO2012040798A1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | Cdm N.V. | Elastic pad for concrete elements on which rails of a railway rest |
BE1019520A5 (nl) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-08-07 | Cdm Nv | Elastische zool voor betonnen elementen onder spoorstaven van een spoorweg en werkwijze voor het bevestigen van deze zool. |
US9127410B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-09-08 | Pandrol Cdm Track N.V. | Elastic pad for concrete elements on which rails of a railway rest |
US20130193222A1 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2013-08-01 | Cdm N.V. | Elastic pad for concrete elements on which rails of a railway rest |
WO2012045100A1 (de) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zum anschäumen einer kunststoffschaumschicht |
AT510835B1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
AT510835A4 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
WO2012139142A1 (de) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
WO2012139143A1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
WO2013068259A1 (de) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Semperit Ag Holding | Schwellenbesohlung mit reibungsreduzierender beschichtung für eine gleisschwelle sowie gleisschwelle mit einer solchen schwellenbesohlung |
DE102011086084A1 (de) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Semperit Ag Holding | Schwellenbesohlung mit reibungsreduzierender Beschichtung für eine Gleisschwelle sowie Gleisschwelle mit einer solchen Schwellenbesohlung |
WO2014110608A1 (de) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-24 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Bahnschwelle |
AT514668A1 (de) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Rillenfüllkörper |
AT514668B1 (de) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-09-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Rillenfüllkörper |
WO2022069512A1 (fr) | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-07 | Rubbergreen Industrie | Semelle élastique et sa methode de fabrication |
BE1028667B1 (fr) * | 2020-10-02 | 2022-05-04 | Rubbergreen Ind | Semelle élastique |
Also Published As
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JP2011513610A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
AT506529A1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
AT506529B1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
ZA201005947B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US20100320281A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CA2715311A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
AU2009221612A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
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