WO2009107759A1 - 視神経障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤 - Google Patents
視神経障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107759A1 WO2009107759A1 PCT/JP2009/053634 JP2009053634W WO2009107759A1 WO 2009107759 A1 WO2009107759 A1 WO 2009107759A1 JP 2009053634 W JP2009053634 W JP 2009053634W WO 2009107759 A1 WO2009107759 A1 WO 2009107759A1
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- optic neuropathy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D293/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and selenium or nitrogen and tellurium, with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as the ring hetero atoms
- C07D293/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and selenium or nitrogen and tellurium, with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as the ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preventive or therapeutic agent for ophthalmic diseases accompanied by optic neuropathy, comprising 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3 (2H) -one or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- the retina has a function of receiving light from the outside and plays an important role in terms of visual function.
- it is a tissue having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm composed of 10 layers such as a retinal pigment epithelium layer, an inner plexiform layer, a ganglion cell layer, and a nerve fiber layer.
- a retinal pigment epithelium layer a tissue having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm composed of 10 layers such as a retinal pigment epithelium layer, an inner plexiform layer, a ganglion cell layer, and a nerve fiber layer.
- the inner plexiform layer there is a neuron that forms a synapse by pairing with a ganglion cell process called amacrine cell, but it responds well at the beginning and end of light irradiation. It is thought to work as a detector.
- ganglion cell layer there is a ganglion cell (hereinafter also referred to as “RGC”) located on the innermost side of the retina, and is deeply involved in motor vision, peripheral vision, color vision, morphological sense, and the like.
- RRC ganglion cell
- nerve fiber layer retinal blood vessels, which are branches of the central retinal arteriovenous vein, run and supply oxygen and nutrients to retinal neurons.
- retinal blood circulation disorders occupy a particularly important position among retinal diseases.
- retinal vascular occlusion central retinal artery occlusion, retinal artery branching occlusion, etc.
- retinal artery or vein occlusion or stenosis retinal artery or vein occlusion or stenosis
- diabetic retinopathy and ischemic optic neuropathy in which visual dysfunction appears.
- this ganglion cell death is deeply involved in the onset in macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, label disease and the like.
- glaucoma is one of eye diseases that cause serious visual dysfunction leading to blindness if not properly treated.
- RGCs in particular are selectively damaged among retinal neurons, and optic nerve damage is caused. As a result, it progresses to visual field damage. Therefore, a treatment for preventing or minimizing RGC damage can be considered.
- neutralization The idea of so-called “neuroprotection” that leads to the ultimate treatment of glaucoma is being established (Non-patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 glutamate is one of the neurotransmitters in the retina, but it is considered that excessive activation of this glutamate signal cascade for some reason is also a cause of RGC disorder.
- a drug having a protective effect on retinal nerve cells such as RGC exists, glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, retinal vascular occlusion, retinitis pigmentosa It is expected to be useful for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases associated with optic nerve disorders such as Label disease.
- ebselen 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3 (2H) -one
- ebselen has an antioxidative effect, such as cerebral arteriosclerosis, chronic cerebral circulation It is reported to be useful for insufficiency and to activate glutamate transport in motor neurons (Non-patent Document 4, Patent Documents 1 and 2). It has also been reported that ebselen is useful for keratoconjunctival disorders such as dry eye and punctate superficial keratopathy (Patent Document 3).
- Non-Patent Document 5 reports that ebselen improved b-wave attenuation of ERG (electroretinogram) after ischemia / reperfusion in a rabbit ischemia / reperfusion model.
- ERG electroretinogram
- This report only reports the effect of ebselen on photoreceptor cells (photocells) located outside the retinal tissue (choroidal tissue side), and ebselen against RGC located inside the retinal tissue (vitreous side). No pharmacological action is described or suggested.
- RGC is a very small part of retinal tissue, and occupies only about 1% of nerve cells constituting the retina.
- Non-Patent Document 5 merely examines the action of ebselen on the outer layer of the retinal tissue, and does not examine the pharmacological action of ebselen on RGC.
- Non-Patent Document 6 reports that ebselen suppressed glutamate excitotoxic cell death in chicken embryonic retinal cells.
- RGC is only a small part of the retinal tissue, and just because we examined the effect of ebselen on the entire retinal tissue, what kind of pharmacological effect ebselen actually has on RGC? It is unknown.
- Ebselen induced controlled by Nrf2 (N F-E2 r elated f actor 2) in retinal neurons Increase in gene expression level of a foreign substance metabolizing phase II enzyme or antioxidant enzyme, and decrease the number of cells in the RGC layer in a dose-dependent manner in an ischemia-reperfusion model widely used as a glaucoma model It discovered that it inhibited and came to this invention.
- the present invention relates to glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, optic neuropathy caused by insufficiency of blood circulation, ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal blood vessel, containing ebselen or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Occlusion (central retinal artery occlusion, retinal artery branch occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, etc.), retinitis pigmentosa, label disease, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelium It is a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for eye diseases associated with optic nerve disorders such as exfoliation, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy.
- the present invention relates to the prevention of ophthalmic diseases accompanied by retinal ganglion cell disorders such as glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, and glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy in which RGC is selectively damaged. Or it is useful as a therapeutic agent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to prevent ocular diseases accompanied by retinal ganglion cell disorders such as glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, and glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, which contains ebselen or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. Or it is a therapeutic agent.
- retinal ganglion cell disorders such as glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, and glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, which contains ebselen or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. Or it is a therapeutic agent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a protective agent for retinal nerve cells containing ebselen or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a protective agent for retinal ganglion cells containing ebselen or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- ebselen was also referred to as a glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit: hereinafter referred to as “GCLM”) that is regulated by Nrf2 in rat embryonic retinal neuronal cell death.
- GCLM glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit
- TRxR Thioredoxin reductase
- HO1 heme oxygenase 1
- NAD (P) Hquinedeotaxide) 1 NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase
- ebselen has the ability to activate Nrf2, and induces and controls gene expression of a foreign substance metabolic phase 2 enzyme (eg, NQO1) and an antioxidant enzyme (eg, HO1) in cultured rat fetal retinal nerve cells. Furthermore, when the effect
- a foreign substance metabolic phase 2 enzyme eg, NQO1
- an antioxidant enzyme eg, HO1
- ebselen has the ability to activate Nrf2 and improves RGC damage by inducing and controlling the gene expression of the foreign phase 2 enzyme and antioxidant enzyme, so that optic nerve damage or retinal ganglion cell damage It is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for eye diseases involving
- Ebselen which is an active ingredient of the present invention, is a condensed heterocyclic compound represented by the following chemical structural formula [I].
- the salt of ebselen is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and is a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid, or an organic acid such as acetic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid or tartaric acid. Examples include salts with acids. Note that ebselen may take the form of a solvate.
- the “eye disease with optic neuropathy” is not particularly limited as long as it is an eye disease with optic neuropathy.
- Glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy blood flow circulatory insufficiency Optic neuropathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal vascular occlusion (central retinal artery occlusion, retinal artery branch occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, retinal vein branch occlusion, etc.), retinitis pigmentosa, label Disease, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and the like.
- glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis and glaucomatous optic atrophy are mentioned.
- the “eye disease associated with a retinal ganglion cell disorder” is not particularly limited as long as it is an eye disease associated with a retinal ganglion cell disorder.
- glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis and glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy in which RGC is selectively damaged and optic neuropathy is caused can be mentioned.
- retinal nerve cell means a nerve cell involved in transmission of a visual signal to the brain. Specifically, it means photoreceptor cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells and the like.
- “protection of retinal nerve cells” does not only mean suppressing retinal nerve cell death and / or functional deterioration of retinal nerve cells caused by any cause, but can also occur in the future. It also means prevention of death and / or functional decline of retinal neurons.
- “protection of retinal ganglion cells” does not only mean suppressing retinal ganglion cell death and / or functional deterioration of retinal ganglion cells caused by any cause, but may occur in the future. It also means preventing retinal ganglion cell death and / or retinal ganglion cell functional decline.
- retinal neuronal cell death means apoptosis and / or necrosis of retinal neurons, and in particular, apoptosis of retinal neurons.
- retinal ganglion cell death means apoptosis and / or necrosis of retinal ganglion cells, and in particular, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.
- Ebselen can be formulated using a technique widely used as a single preparation or a combined preparation by adding a pharmaceutically acceptable additive as necessary.
- Ebselen can be administered orally or parenterally to patients when used for the prevention or treatment of the aforementioned eye diseases, or when used to protect retinal nerve cells such as retinal ganglion cells
- dosage forms include oral administration, topical administration to the eye (instillation administration, intraconjunctival sac administration, intravitreal administration, subconjunctival administration, subtenon administration, etc.), intravenous administration, transdermal administration, etc. Accordingly, it is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive into a dosage form suitable for administration.
- dosage forms suitable for oral administration include tablets, capsules, granules, powders, etc.
- dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration include injections, eye drops, eye ointments, and patches.
- Agents, gels, and intercalating agents can be prepared using conventional techniques widely used in the field.
- ebselen can also be made into preparations for DDS (drug delivery system) such as preparations for intraocular implants and microspheres.
- tablets are made of excipients such as lactose, glucose, D-mannitol, anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, starch, sucrose; carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, starch, partially pregelatinized starch ,
- Disintegrating agents such as low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose; binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, gum arabic, starch, partially pregelatinized starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol; magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, hydrous silicon dioxide ,
- Lubricants such as hydrogenated oil; refined sucrose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride Coating agents such as Rupiroridon; citric acid, aspartame, using ascorbic acid, appropriately selected and the like flavoring agent such as menthol
- the injection is selected as necessary from an isotonic agent such as sodium chloride; a buffering agent such as sodium phosphate; a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; and a thickener such as methylcellulose.
- an isotonic agent such as sodium chloride
- a buffering agent such as sodium phosphate
- a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate
- a thickener such as methylcellulose.
- Eye drops include isotonic agents such as sodium chloride and concentrated glycerin; buffering agents such as sodium phosphate and sodium acetate; surface activity such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil Agents; Stabilizers such as sodium citrate and sodium edetate; can be selected and used as needed from preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride and paraben, and pH is acceptable for ophthalmic preparations Although it may be within the range, it is usually preferably within the range of 4-8.
- the eye ointment can be prepared using a commonly used base such as white petrolatum or liquid paraffin.
- the intercalator is prepared by crushing and mixing a biodegradable polymer such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymer, polyacrylic acid and the like with ebselen and compressing this powder. If necessary, excipients, binders, stabilizers, and pH adjusters can be used.
- the preparation for intraocular implant can be prepared using a biodegradable polymer, for example, a biodegradable polymer such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, lactic acid / glycolic acid copolymer, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- the dose of ebselen can be appropriately changed according to the dosage form, the severity of the patient's symptoms, age, weight, doctor's judgment, etc. 0.01-5000 mg per dose, preferably 0.1-2500 mg, more preferably 0.5-1000 mg can be administered in one or several divided doses.
- 0.0001 to 2000 mg can be administered once or in several divided doses.
- 0.000001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.00001 to 1% (w / v), more preferably 0.0001 to 0.1% ( The active ingredient concentration of w / v) can be administered once or several times a day.
- a patch a patch containing 0.0001 to 2000 mg can be applied to an adult.
- 0.0001 to 2000 mg is included for an adult.
- An intraocular implant formulation can be implanted in the eye.
- Test 1 Examination of gene expression inducibility of foreign phase metabolism enzyme and antioxidant enzyme using rat fetal retinal nerve culture system Using rat fetal retinal nerve culture system (Brain Res. 2003; 967: 257-66) Then, the ability of ebselen to induce gene expression of the foreign substance metabolism phase 2 enzyme and the antioxidant enzyme was evaluated.
- the rat fetus-derived retinal nerve culture system is widely used as a technique for culturing retinal nerve cells, and is widely used as one of tools for studying optic nerve diseases such as glaucoma.
- Retinal neurons of rat fetuses [Slc: Wistar / ST, 18 days old] were isolated and seeded on polyethylene imine-coated plastic coverslips, and then 3% in Eagle's basal medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After culturing for a day, a solvent (0.1% ethanol) or ebselen was added to a concentration of 25 ⁇ M in the culture medium, and incubated in the culture medium. The culture was performed at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . The medium was removed at each time point 4, 8, or 12 hours after the start of incubation.
- Equation 1 the expression level of each target gene was corrected by the expression level of GAPDH, which is a housekeeping gene, to calculate the relative expression level of each target gene. Further, according to Equation 2, the induction rate (%) of each target gene relative to the base group is obtained by dividing the value of each gene expression level of the 25 ⁇ M ebselen group by the average value of the same gene expression level of the base group. It was. Each data is shown as an average value ⁇ standard deviation of three experiments.
- Rat ischemia-reperfusion-induced retinal damage model (Ophthalmologica. 1991; 203: 138-147) was used to evaluate the usefulness of ebselen against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the retina.
- the rat ischemia-induced perfusion-induced retinal injury model is a model animal that induces retinal ischemia by applying water pressure to the anterior eye segment, releases the water pressure after a certain time, and reperfuses blood flow. It is widely used as a model animal for optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma.
- Rats [Slc: SD, male, about 7 weeks old] were instilled with 1% (W / V) atropine sulfate hydrate ophthalmic solution (manufactured by Japanese eye drops [product name: day atropine ophthalmic solution 1%]).
- the fixed eyeball was embedded in paraffin and then sliced to prepare a retinal section (3 ⁇ m thickness), which was then stained with hematoxylin-eosin.
- Eight retinal sections were prepared at 45 ⁇ m intervals so that the optic papilla could enter each eye. Three sections were arbitrarily selected from the eight sections, and the retina was photographed between 1 and 1.5 mm from the optic nerve head to the left or right of the selected section, and the number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer was measured. .
- the number of cases in each group is 6-8 (6-8 eyes).
- Ebselen administration group Ebselen suspended in 1% (W / V) methylcellulose solution was orally administered twice a day for 12 days from 5 days before to 6 days after ischemia-reperfusion treatment at a dose of 3 or 30 mg / kg.
- ebselen increases the gene expression level of GCLM, TRxR, HO-1 and NQO-1, which are foreign substance metabolism phase 2 enzymes or antioxidant enzymes that are induced and controlled by Nrf2 in retinal neurons.
- GCLM GCLM
- TRxR TRxR
- HO-1 foreign substance metabolism phase 2 enzymes or antioxidant enzymes that are induced and controlled by Nrf2 in retinal neurons.
- NQO-1 foreign substance metabolism phase 2 enzymes or antioxidant enzymes that are induced and controlled by Nrf2 in retinal neurons.
- ebselen is a glaucoma that causes retinal neuronal cell death, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, optic neuropathy caused by blood circulation failure, ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal artery segmentation Accompanied by optic neuropathy such as branch occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, retinitis pigmentosa, Label disease, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy It has been shown to have a significant preventive or ameliorating effect on eye diseases.
- ebselen inhibits the decrease in the number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer in a dose-dependent manner, such as glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, glaucomatous visual field stenosis, and glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy where RGC is selectively damaged. It has been shown to have a particularly prominent preventive or ameliorating effect on eye diseases involving retinal ganglion cell disorders.
- formulation example The pharmaceutical agent of the present invention will be described more specifically with formulation examples, but the present invention is not limited to these formulation examples.
- Formulation Example 1 Eyedrops 100mg Ebselen 10mg Sodium chloride 900mg Polysorbate 80 Appropriate amount Disodium hydrogen phosphate Appropriate amount Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Appropriate amount Sterilized purified water Appropriate amount Add ebselen and other components to sterilized purified water, and mix them well to prepare eye drops. Concentration of 0.05% (w / v), 0.1% (w / v), 0.5% (w / v) or 1% (w / v) by changing the amount of ebselen added Agent can be prepared.
- Ophthalmic ointment 100g Ebselen 0.3g Liquid paraffin 10.0g Appropriate amount of white petrolatum
- An eye ointment is prepared by adding ebselen to uniformly melted white petrolatum and liquid paraffin, mixing them well and then cooling them slowly. By changing the amount of ebselen added, the concentration becomes 0.05% (w / w), 0.1% (w / w), 0.5% (w / w), 1% (w / w) or 3 % (W / w) eye ointment can be prepared.
- Formulation Example 4 Ebselen 10mg in 10ml injection Sodium chloride 90mg Polysorbate 80 Appropriate amount Sterilized purified water Appropriate amount Ebselen and sodium chloride are dissolved in sterile purified water to prepare an injection. By changing the amount of ebselen added, an injection with a content of 0.1 mg, 10 mg or 50 mg in 10 ml can be prepared.
- Ebselen has the ability to activate Nrf2 and improves RGC damage by inducing and controlling the gene expression of foreign phase 2 enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, ebselen is associated with optic nerve damage or retinal ganglion cell damage. It is useful as a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases.
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Abstract
Description
ラット胎児由来網膜神経培養系(Brain Res. 2003;967:257-66)を用いて、エブセレンの異物代謝系第2相酵素および抗酸化酵素の遺伝子発現誘導能を評価した。なお、ラット胎児由来網膜神経培養系は、網膜神経細胞を培養する技術として広汎に用いられており、緑内障等の視神経疾患を研究するツールの1つとして汎用されている。
ラット胎児[Slc:Wistar/ST、18日齢]の網膜神経細胞を単離し、ポリエチレンイミンコートされたプラスチックカバースリップ上に播種後、10%ウシ胎児血清を含有させたイーグル基礎培地中にて3日間培養し、溶媒(0.1%エタノール)又はエブセレンを培養液中の濃度が25μMになるように添加し、培養培地中でインキュベートした。なお、培養は37℃、5%CO2条件下で行った。インキュベート開始4、8又は12時間後の各時点で培地を除去した。RNeasy Mini Kit(250)(QIAGEN製[カタログ番号:74106])に付属のBuffer RLTに1%(V/V)のβ-メルカプトエタノール(BioRad製[カタログ番号:161-0710])を加えた混合溶液を作製し、その混合溶液でプラスチックカバースリップ上の網膜神経細胞を溶解した。得られた細胞溶解液からRNeasy Mini Kit (250)に添付されている説明書に従いtotalRNAを抽出し、ExScriptTM RT reagent Kit(TAKARA製[カタログ番号:RR035B])を用いてcDNAを合成した。SYBR Premix Ex Taq(Perfect Real Time)(TAKARA製[カタログ番号:RR041B])に添付されている説明書に従い、SYBR Premix Ex Taq(Perfect Real Time)、ROX Reference Dye、合成したcDNA、及びグリセルアルデヒド3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(以下、「GAPDH」ともいう)、GCLM、TRxR、HO-1又はNQO-1の各プライマーペア(日本遺伝子研究所製)を混合し、定量的PCR装置(AppliedBiosystems製[機器名:ABI PRISM 7000])でPCR反応を実施し、GAPDH、GCLM、TRxR、HO-1又はNQO-1の各遺伝子発現量を測定した。得られた結果から、式1に従い、各目的遺伝子の発現量をハウスキーピング遺伝子であるGAPDHの発現量で補正する事により、各目的遺伝子の相対発現量を算出した。さらに、式2に従い、25μM エブセレン群の各遺伝子発現量の値を基剤群の各同一遺伝子発現量の平均値で除算することにより、基剤群に対する各目的遺伝子の誘導率(%)を求めた。各データは3回の実験の平均値±標準偏差で示した。
各目的遺伝子の相対発現量=
(各遺伝子発現量/GAPDH発現量)
[式2]
基剤群に対する各目的遺伝子の誘導率(%)=
(25μM エブセレン群の各遺伝子発現量/基剤群の各遺伝子発現量)
(結果)
結果を表2に示す。表2から明らかなように、エブセレンが、ラット胎児由来網膜神経培養系において、異物代謝系第2相酵素又は抗酸化酵素であるGCLM、TRxR、HO-1及びNQO-1の遺伝子発現量を増加させる事が示された。
虚血再灌流誘発による網膜障害に対する効果を検討するモデルとして、ラット虚血再灌流誘発網膜障害モデル(Ophthalmologica. 1991;203:138-147)を用いて、エブセレンの網膜の虚血再灌流障害に対する有用性を評価した。なお、ラット虚血際灌流誘発網膜障害モデルは、前眼部に水圧を負荷することにより網膜虚血を誘発し、一定時間の後に水圧を解除し血流を再灌流させるモデル動物であり、主に緑内障に起因する視神経障害のモデル動物の1つとして汎用されている。
ラット[Slc:SD、雄性、約7週齢]に1%(W/V)アトロピン硫酸塩水和物点眼液(日本点眼薬製[品名:日点アトロピン点眼液1%])を点眼して散瞳させ、100%(V/V)酸素 0.5L/分と100%(V/V)亜酸化窒素 1.5L/分の混合気体 2L/分で、3%(V/V)ハロセン(武田薬品工業製[品名:フローセン])を気化させたガスを吸入させて全身導入麻酔し、1%(V/V)ハロセンの条件で維持麻酔した。生理食塩液(大塚製薬製[品名:大塚生食注])の点滴用容器を天井から吊るし、チューブを介して繋いだ30Gの注射針を前房内に刺入することにより130mmHgの水圧を負荷し、虚血を誘発した。45分後に注射針を外し、網膜血流を再灌流させた。虚血再灌流処置7日後にラットに100mg/kgペントバルビタールナトリウム注射液(大日本住友製薬製[品名:ネンブタール注射液])を腹腔内投与して全身麻酔し、眼球を摘出した。摘出した眼球を25%(W/V)グルタルアルデヒド:10%(W/V)中性緩衝ホルマリン=1:9の混合液で固定した。固定した眼球をパラフィンで包埋した後に、薄切して網膜切片(3μm厚)を作製し、ヘマトキシリン-エオジンで染色した。網膜切片は1眼につき視神経乳頭部が入るように45μm間隔で8切片作製した。その8切片から任意に3切片を選択し、選択した切片について、視神経乳頭から左右いずれかの1~1.5mm間の網膜の写真撮影を行い、網膜神経節細胞層中の細胞数を計測した。その後、式3に従い、無処置群を100%、虚血再灌流処置に基剤(1%(W/V)メチルセルロース液)経口投与を行った群を0%とした場合のエブセレンの虚血再灌流障害による網膜神経節細胞層中の細胞数の減少に対する抑制率(%)を算出した。なお、各群の例数は6-8匹(6-8眼)である。
網膜神経節細胞層中の細胞数の減少に対する抑制率(%)=
(NX-NV)/(NU-NV)×100
NU:無処置群の神経節細胞層中の細胞数
NV:虚血再灌流処置に基剤経口投与を行った群の神経節細胞層中の細胞数
NX:虚血再灌流処置に薬物経口投与を行った群の神経節細胞層中の細胞数
(投与方法)
基剤投与群:
1%(W/V)メチルセルロース液(メチルセルロースを精製水に溶解させて調製)を、虚血再灌流処置日の5日前より6日後まで12日間1日2回反復経口投与した。
1%(W/V)メチルセルロース液に懸濁したエブセレンを3又は30mg/kgの用量で、虚血再灌流処置日の5日前より6日後まで12日間1日2回反復経口投与した。
以上の結果から、エブセレンが、網膜神経細胞においてNrf2によって誘導制御されている異物代謝系第2相酵素又は抗酸化酵素であるGCLM、TRxR、HO-1及びNQO-1の遺伝子発現量を増加させ、かつ、緑内障モデルとして汎用されている虚血再灌流モデルにおいて網膜神経節細胞層中の細胞数の減少を用量依存的に阻害した。すなわち、エブセレンは網膜神経細胞死が生じる緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄、緑内障性視神経萎縮、血液循環不全に起因する視神経障害、虚血性視神経障害、網膜中心動脈閉塞症、網膜動脈分枝閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、網膜色素変性症、レーベル病、未熟児網膜症、網膜剥離、網膜色素上皮剥離、黄斑変性、糖尿病網膜症などの視神経障害を伴う眼疾患に対して顕著な予防又は改善効果を有することが示された。また、エブセレンは網膜神経節細胞層中の細胞数の減少を用量依存的に阻害するので、RGCが選択的に障害を受ける緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄、緑内障性視神経萎縮などの網膜神経節細胞の障害を伴う眼疾患に対して特に顕著な予防又は改善効果を有することが示された。
製剤例を挙げて本発明の薬剤をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの製剤例にのみ限定されるものではない。
100ml中
エブセレン 10mg
塩化ナトリウム 900mg
ポリソルベート80 適量
リン酸水素二ナトリウム 適量
リン酸二水素ナトリウム 適量
滅菌精製水 適量
滅菌精製水にエブセレン及びそれ以外の上記成分を加え、これらを十分に混合して点眼液を調製する。エブセレンの添加量を変えることにより、濃度が0.05%(w/v)、0.1%(w/v)、0.5%(w/v)又は1%(w/v)の点眼剤を調製できる。
100g中
エブセレン 0.3g
流動パラフィン 10.0g
白色ワセリン 適量
均一に溶融した白色ワセリン及び流動パラフィンに、エブセレンを加え、これらを十分に混合して後に徐々に冷却することで眼軟膏を調製する。エブセレンの添加量を変えることにより、濃度が0.05%(w/w)、0.1%(w/w)、0.5%(w/w)、1%(w/w)又は3%(w/w)の眼軟膏を調製できる。
100mg中
エブセレン 1mg
乳糖 66.4mg
トウモロコシデンプン 20mg
カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム 6mg
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 6mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.6mg
エブセレン、乳糖を混合機中で混合し、その混合物にカルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム及びヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを加えて造粒し、得られた顆粒を乾燥後整粒し、その整粒顆粒にステアリン酸マグネシウムを加えて混合し、打錠機で打錠する。また、エブセレンの添加量を変えることにより、100mg中の含有量が0.1mg、10mg又は50mgの錠剤を調製できる。
10ml中
エブセレン 10mg
塩化ナトリウム 90mg
ポリソルベート80 適量
滅菌精製水 適量
エブセレン及び塩化ナトリウムを滅菌精製水に溶解して注射剤を調製する。エブセレンの添加量を変えることにより、10ml中の含有量が0.1mg、10mg又は50mgの注射剤を調製できる。
Claims (28)
- 2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する視神経障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤。
- 2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する網膜神経節細胞の障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄、緑内障性視神経萎縮、血流循環不全に起因する視神経障害、虚血性視神経障害、網膜中心動脈閉塞症、網膜動脈分枝閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、網膜色素変性症、レーベル病、未熟児網膜症、網膜剥離、網膜色素上皮剥離、黄斑変性又は糖尿病網膜症である請求項1記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄又は緑内障性視神経萎縮である請求項2記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する網膜神経細胞の保護剤。
- 2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する網膜神経節細胞の保護剤。
- 投与形態が点眼投与、硝子体内投与、結膜下投与、結膜嚢内投与、テノン嚢下投与又は経口投与である請求項1~4のいずれか1記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 剤型が点眼剤、眼軟膏、挿入剤、貼布剤、注射剤、錠剤、細粒剤又はカプセル剤である請求項1~4のいずれか1記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 投与形態が点眼投与、硝子体内投与、結膜下投与、結膜嚢内投与、テノン嚢下投与又は経口投与である請求項5又は6記載の保護剤。
- 剤型が点眼剤、眼軟膏、挿入剤、貼布剤、注射剤、錠剤、細粒剤又はカプセル剤である請求項5又は6記載の保護剤。
- 患者に、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の薬理上有効な量を投与することを含む視神経障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療方法。
- 患者に、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の薬理上有効な量を投与することを含む網膜神経節細胞の障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療方法。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄、緑内障性視神経萎縮、血流循環不全に起因する視神経障害、虚血性視神経障害、網膜中心動脈閉塞症、網膜動脈分枝閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、網膜色素変性症、レーベル病、未熟児網膜症、網膜剥離、網膜色素上皮剥離、黄斑変性又は糖尿病網膜症である請求項9記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄又は緑内障性視神経萎縮である請求項10記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 患者に、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の薬理上有効な量を投与することを含む網膜神経細胞の保護方法。
- 患者に、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の薬理上有効な量を投与することを含む網膜神経節細胞の保護方法。
- 投与形態が点眼投与、硝子体内投与、結膜下投与、結膜嚢内投与、テノン嚢下投与又は経口投与である請求項10~14のいずれか1記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 投与が、点眼剤、眼軟膏、挿入剤、貼布剤、注射剤、錠剤、細粒剤又はカプセル剤を用いて行われる請求項10~14のいずれか1記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 投与形態が点眼投与、硝子体内投与、結膜下投与、結膜嚢内投与、テノン嚢下投与又は経口投与である請求項15又は16記載の保護方法。
- 投与が、点眼剤、眼軟膏、挿入剤、貼布剤、注射剤、錠剤、細粒剤又はカプセル剤を用いて行われる請求項15又は16記載の保護方法。
- 視神経障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤を製造するための、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の使用。
- 網膜神経節細胞の障害を伴う眼疾患の予防又は治療剤を製造するための、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の使用。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄、緑内障性視神経萎縮、血流循環不全に起因する視神経障害、虚血性視神経障害、網膜中心動脈閉塞症、網膜動脈分枝閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、網膜色素変性症、レーベル病、未熟児網膜症、網膜剥離、網膜色素上皮剥離、黄斑変性又は糖尿病網膜症である請求項21記載の使用。
- 眼疾患が緑内障、緑内障性視神経症、緑内障性視野狭窄又は緑内障性視神経萎縮である請求項22記載の使用。
- 網膜神経細胞の保護剤を製造するための、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の使用。
- 網膜神経節細胞の保護剤を製造するための、2-フェニル-1,2-ベンズイソセレナゾール-3(2H)-オン又はその塩の使用。
- 投与形態が点眼投与、硝子体内投与、結膜下投与、結膜嚢内投与、テノン嚢下投与又は経口投与である請求項21~26のいずれか1記載の使用。
- 剤型が点眼剤、眼軟膏、挿入剤、貼布剤、注射剤、錠剤、細粒剤又はカプセル剤である請求項21~26のいずれか1記載の使用。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2507569T3 (es) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2251009A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
RU2010139655A (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
EP2251009B9 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
CA2716466A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
CN101959514A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
CN101959514B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
RU2491066C2 (ru) | 2013-08-27 |
JP5503879B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
JP2009227671A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
US20110009376A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
EP2251009A4 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
KR20100124756A (ko) | 2010-11-29 |
EP2251009B1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
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