WO2009107288A1 - ショットピーニング用投射材の材料、仕上げ線、製造方法及びショットピーニング用投射材 - Google Patents
ショットピーニング用投射材の材料、仕上げ線、製造方法及びショットピーニング用投射材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107288A1 WO2009107288A1 PCT/JP2008/070782 JP2008070782W WO2009107288A1 WO 2009107288 A1 WO2009107288 A1 WO 2009107288A1 JP 2008070782 W JP2008070782 W JP 2008070782W WO 2009107288 A1 WO2009107288 A1 WO 2009107288A1
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- shot peening
- projection material
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical group [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shot peening projection material, a finish line, a manufacturing method, and a shot peening projection material.
- the so-called bearing steel is used as the material of the shot peening projection material as it is (for example, high carbon chromium bearing steel SUJ2 defined in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS G4805, the composition is shown in Table 2)
- the improvement in productivity cannot be obtained because wire breakage occurs in the process of drawing to obtain a finish line. That is, when a wire breakage occurs in the wire drawing process, the wire drawn at a high speed of about 100 m / min stops, which greatly affects production efficiency. As a result, the productivity of the projection material is also lowered.
- the diameter of the drawn wire becomes thinner than 0.7 mm (for example, about 0.3 mm), the tendency is remarkable, and disconnection frequently occurs in the wire drawing process. That is, a method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material for obtaining an optimum shot peening projection material from a thin finish line has not been established.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to prevent disconnection in the process of drawing a finish line to obtain a finished line in the production of a shot peening projection material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a shot peening projection material that can be improved, a finish line, a manufacturing method of a shot peening projection material that can improve productivity, and a projection material produced by the manufacturing method. That is, in the method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material of the present invention, first, in order to prevent disconnection and ensure cleanliness, a specific shot peening projection material is used, and an appropriate finish line is formed from this material. Secure, maintain the fine carbide state before quenching, and ensure the proper structure after quenching and tempering.
- the present invention provides a shot peening projection material capable of providing the life of the shot peening projection material and imparting an appropriate compressive residual stress.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a shot peening projection material that has good hardenability and is suitable for shot peening.
- carbon is 0.95 to 1.10% by mass, silicon. 0.15 to 0.30%, manganese 0.40% or less, phosphorus 0.020% or less, sulfur 0.010% or less, chromium 1.40 to 1.60%, oxygen 0.0015 %, With the balance being iron and inevitable impurities, the inventors have found that the intended purpose can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- the reason why such a material is used is to reduce the amount of non-metallic inclusions that degrade the bondability of the base in order to prevent disconnection due to cracks in wire drawing. That is, as compared with the manufacturing method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-79766, it is necessary to reduce the amount of oxidation in order to stably reduce the oxide, and oxygen is extremely reduced to 0.0015% or less. In addition, the upper limit of the amount of silicon is reduced by 17%. Furthermore, manganese and sulfur were reduced to reduce the amount of sulfide, especially MnS. Overall, the upper limit of the content of components other than iron has been tightened. In order to keep the basic carbide amount constant, the carbon amount was the same.
- the finish line of the shot peening projection material of the present invention includes a step of drawing the material of the shot peening projection material according to the first aspect of the present invention into a wire material, and annealing and cold drawing the wire material.
- the area occupied by the carbide having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less in the finished line is 80% or more of the area of the entire finished line. That is, in the present invention, a wire is produced by drawing from an ingot by drawing, and then the wire is drawn by repeating “annealing” and “cold drawing” to form a finished wire. .
- carbonized_material in the finishing line at this time has the area which the carbide
- the wire obtained by drawing the material of the shot peening projection material according to the first aspect of the present invention is subjected to annealing and cold drawing to obtain a finished line. The reason is that if the wire drawing area reduction ratio is high, the wire will not be stretched and will break easily, so at least the elongation becomes dull and constant, annealing is performed to remove work hardening, and again This is because it is preferable to perform the drawing while the ductility is recovered.
- the reason why the cold drawing is performed is that the expansion of crystal grains occurs in a hot state and the effect of refinement cannot be obtained, so that the process is cold accompanied by work hardening and refinement of crystal grains.
- the number of annealing is preferably 3 to 5 times.
- the drawing area reduction is preferably 10% to 40%.
- the area occupied by carbides with a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less is 80% or more of the total area of the finish line.
- the finished wire is a fine wire that has been finished and is before cutting, and is obtained by repeatedly annealing and cold-drawing the wire material obtained by rolling and drawing.
- the finish line is annealed at 720 ° C. or less, thereby preventing coarsening of the carbide in the finish line of the shot peening projection material and maintaining the fine state of the carbide before quenching.
- the annealing is preferably performed by heating at 700 ° C. using a bright annealing furnace. By using the bright annealing furnace, there is no generation of oxide scale on the surface of the wire, and the pickling process is not necessary.
- the method for producing a shot peening projection material of the present invention includes a step of cutting and plastic working a finish line of the shot peening projection material according to the second aspect of the present invention to form a shot peening material, And a step of quenching and tempering the shot peening material. According to the present invention, since a finished wire with excellent drawability and confirmed properties is used, a high-productivity and high-quality shot peening projection material can be provided.
- tempering parameter T ((21.3 ⁇ 5.8 ⁇ [C]) + logt), and C is set as T such that the value is 6200 to 7300.
- T tempering temperature (K)
- t tempering time (h)
- C carbon content (%).
- the tempering parameter is 6200 to 7300
- the tempering temperature T, the carbon content C, and the tempering time t are preferable because the crystal grains are prevented from coarsening and the processing stress is relaxed and the toughness is increased. .
- the corners of the projection material are eliminated, there is an advantage that the starting point of destruction hardly occurs during peening.
- the plastic working to make the shot peening material means that a cut finish line having a short wire shape is made into a round shot peening material shape by plastic working. That is, the shot peening material is not rounded by cutting, polishing, or the like.
- the manufacturing method of the projection material for shot peening of this invention repeats the process which wire-draws the material of the projection material for shot peening as described in the 1st aspect of this invention to a wire, and annealing and cold drawing.
- the method includes a step of forming a finish line, a step of cutting and plastically processing the finish line to form a shot peening material, and a step of quenching and tempering the shot peening material.
- the method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material of the present invention is characterized in that the quenching temperature is 820 to 850 ° C. in the above method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material. According to the present invention, retained austenite is hardly generated, and there is an advantage that a uniform martensite structure can be obtained in the entire material.
- the shot peening projection material of the present invention is a shot peening projection material manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and the structure is substantially tempered martensite and the fine carbides are precipitated.
- the area ratio of carbide is preferably 70% to 95%. This is because when the metal portion that is the bonding layer is reduced, the bonding property of the base is weakened, and when the carbide exceeds 95% and the metal portion is extremely reduced, the carbides are brought into contact with each other.
- the area ratio of carbide is less than 70%, Vickers hardness HV950 which is a hardness suitable as a projection material for shot peening such as JIS SUJ2 material may not be satisfied. According to this invention, it can be set as the optimal projection material for shot peening.
- the carbide particle size is preferably smaller than 2 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 1 to 0.1 ⁇ m. This is because if the particle size is 2 ⁇ m or more, the influence as a starting point of a crack in the shot of the shot peening projection material becomes large. A particle size of 1 to 0.1 ⁇ m is preferable because the exposure from the base is reduced and the influence of carbide is reduced.
- the shot peening projection material of the present invention is, in mass%, 0.95 to 1.10% for carbon, 0.15 to 0.30% for silicon, 0.40% or less for manganese, and 0.005% for phosphorus.
- the material is drawn into a wire, and the drawn wire is repeatedly annealed and cold-drawn to obtain a finished wire, and the finished wire is cut and plastically processed into a shot peening material, and the shot peening material is quenched and tempered.
- the material of the present invention is a composition material with less disconnection, productivity is improved.
- thin lines can be processed at high speed.
- the finish line of the present invention is suitable for producing a shot peening projection material.
- the production method of the present invention can produce a projection material having high productivity and quality and suitable for shot peening.
- the projection material of the present invention is suitable for shot peening.
- the inventors of the present application adjust the bearing steel to a composition excellent in the fine wire for the shot peening projection material with respect to the composition of the JIS G4805-SUJ bearing steel, and derive the properties of the composition, thereby performing shot peening from the fine wire. Providing an excellent projection material.
- Table 1 shows the materials of the shot peening projection material of the present invention.
- Table 2 shows conventional SUJ2 materials (JIS standards).
- the material of the present invention is limited to 0.010% or less for sulfur and 0.0015% or less for oxygen compared to the composition of JIS G4805-SUJ bearing steel. Therefore, there is little precipitation of inclusions such as sulfides and oxides, so that the cleanliness of the material can be ensured, and the generation of a non-uniform structure that can cause disconnection can be prevented, thereby preventing or minimizing disconnection in advance. You can do it. For this reason, even if a wire becomes thin, the disconnection in a wire-drawing process can be prevented as much as possible.
- manganese and phosphorus are restricted to be lower than the composition of JIS G4805-SUJ bearing steel. These restrictions are preferable in that the generation of retained austenite and the formation of inter-grain ternary compounds are suppressed.
- the copper content is limited to 0.15% or less because the carburizing property is not deteriorated.
- nickel it is preferable to limit nickel to 0.15% or less because the carburizing property does not deteriorate.
- FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material using the material of the shot peening projection material of the present invention.
- a material having the composition specified in Table 1 is prepared.
- the wire is drawn.
- annealing and cold drawing are repeated. Cut in the fourth step.
- Plastic working in the fifth step Quenching and tempering in the sixth step.
- the seventh step is blank.
- Table 3 shows a comparison between the composition of JIS G4805-SUJ bearing steel in Table 2 and Example 1 for the first to third steps.
- the wire diameter of the drawn material after drawing the wire in the second step was 1.6 mm, and the hardness was HV320.
- Example 1 no wire breakage occurs in the process of drawing the shot peening projection material to obtain a finish line.
- disconnection occurs in the process of drawing the shot peening projection material to obtain a finish line.
- the third step annealing and cold drawing were repeated to produce a finish line of the shot peening projection material.
- the wire diameter of the drawing material used as the material for the finished wire was 1.6 mm, and the hardness was HV320. This material is HV320 and is not work hardened, so it can be easily cold drawn.
- a method of heating 4 m at 700 ° C. using an 8 m bright (BA) annealing furnace and cooling 4 m was used.
- the size transition is, for example, Diameter 1.6 mm to 1.5 mm to 1.4 mm ⁇ (BA annealing) ⁇ 1.3 mm to 1.2 mm to 1.1 mm to 1.0 mm ⁇ (BA annealing) ⁇ 0.9 mm to 0.8 mm to 0.75 mm ⁇ 0.7mm ⁇ (BA annealing) ⁇ 0.6mm ⁇ 0.55mm ⁇ 0.5mm ⁇ 0.45mm ⁇ 0.4mm ⁇ (BA annealing) ⁇ 0.35mm ⁇ 0.3mm (finish) Contains 4 annealings.
- FIG. 2 shows a microstructure using an SEM of a finish line for a shot peening projection material according to the present invention (after a nital corrosion with a diameter of 0.3 mm).
- the diameter of the finish line at this time is such that annealing and cold drawing are repeated so that the final diameter is 0.6 mm or less and 0.25 mm or more.
- the Vickers hardness was HV350.
- Example 1 Even if the Vickers hardness is HV350, since the material is not so hard-worked, cutting can be easily performed even for thin wires.
- Example 1 an example in which a shot peening projection material having a diameter of 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm was manufactured was given. However, those having a diameter up to about 1.0 mm are used for shot peening. However, even if it does not use Example 1 of this invention, ie, it does not repeat cold drawing and annealing, a thing of 1.0 mm can be manufactured comparatively easily.
- the present invention is suitable for a shot peening projection material having a diameter of 0.6 mm or less (finished wire having a diameter of 0.6 mm or less). is there.
- the particle size of the shot peening projection material is measured using, for example, a particle size test method defined in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS G5904.
- the finished wire was cut in the fourth step.
- the material was pressed against the material stopper, fixed with a wire buckling device for preventing buckling, and cold-sheared with a cutting die in order to reduce the variation of the material and make it a constant size.
- a wire buckling device for preventing buckling
- a cutting die in order to reduce the variation of the material and make it a constant size.
- a mechanical press driven by a cam of a crankshaft, or a hydraulic or electric press is used.
- a dieing machine may be used.
- the length of this cut was in the range of 1.5 times the diameter of the finish line.
- the shape is made nearly spherical by forging.
- the corners of the cylinder are rounded by separately colliding with the wall at high speed.
- Quenching and tempering in the sixth step the structure and hardness are adjusted so as to be suitable for quenching and tempering.
- the tempering parameter at this time is set to 6200-7300.
- Table 7 shows the effect at that time.
- the lifetime of the projection material is improved by properly managing the tempering parameters.
- the area occupied by the carbide having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less is already 80% or more of the area of the entire finish line. Since the finish line is used (FIG. 2), this point also has a positive effect on the life of the projection material.
- FIG. 2 a shows a microstructure using a SEM ( ⁇ 1000) of a finishing line having a diameter of 0.3 mm.
- FIG. 2b shows the microstructure using a SEM (x5000) with a 0.3 mm diameter finished line.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the microstructures of the shot peening projection material of the present invention after Nital corrosion having a diameter of 0.6 mm (before use) and a diameter of 0.3 mm (after use) using SEM.
- FIG. 3 a is a microstructure using a SEM of a projection material having a diameter of 0.6 mm, before use ( ⁇ 1000).
- FIG. 3b is a microstructure using a 0.6 mm diameter projection material SEM, before use (x3000).
- FIG. 4 a is a microstructure using a SEM of a projection material having a diameter of 0.3 mm, after use ( ⁇ 1000).
- FIG. 4 b is a microstructure using a 0.3 mm diameter projection material SEM, after use ( ⁇ 3000).
- Example 1 and a comparative example of the projection material obtained by the production method of the present invention will be described below (Table 9).
- the quenching temperature is 820 ° C. to 850 ° C.
- the solid solution of the carbide is appropriate.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the carbide of the shot peening projection material of FIG. 3b according to the present invention.
- the ratio of carbides was determined by calculating the area using graph paper after projecting each carbide and determining the particle size and distribution of each carbide by taking the obtained area as the square root.
- the average particle size was 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the particle size was 2.0 ⁇ m or less and 0.5 ⁇ m or more. Note that carbides having a particle size of less than 0.5 ⁇ m are substantially difficult to measure and are excluded from the measurement. Moreover, the average particle diameter was calculated
- Table 10 shows the conditions and results when the shot peening process was performed by actually projecting the workpiece using the projection material of the present invention.
- the projection material of the present invention (Vickers hardness is HV950) has a small amount of erosion with respect to a high-hardness workpiece, is easy to work harden the workpiece, and can introduce a large residual stress. It was. (Experiment numbers 11-17). In Experiment Nos. 11 to 17, the Vickers hardness of the projection material was initially 950 HV, but sometimes cured to 1050 HV by use.
- the cross-sectional hardness of the treated product was measured as follows.
- ⁇ Cross section hardness measurement method> HV0.3 in the table indicates the value of Vickers hardness of the cross section when the position of 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the cross section is measured with an indentation force of 300 g.
- a carburized abnormal layer is about 25 ⁇ m deep on the surface of the gas carburized product, and the hardness is very low. Even if the location in such a state is measured, the material and heat treatment cannot be evaluated, so the cross-sectional hardness is measured.
- the relative hardness in the table indicates a relative hardness value that is a value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the projection material from the hardness of the surface measured from the surface of the treated product. Since the hardness of the surface is important for selecting the projection material hardness with respect to the cross-sectional hardness for evaluating the material and heat treatment, measurement is performed by dropping an indenter directly on the surface. In addition, the measurement of hardness used the micro Vickers hardness tester (load 500g). Therefore, in the case of a gas carburized product, the value includes the hardness of the surface abnormal layer.
- the vacuum carburized product is characterized by the fact that an abnormal surface layer is not formed, but the surface hardness may be lowered depending on the quenching characteristics.
- the area ratio of carbide is preferably 70% to 95%. More preferably, it is 80% to 95%.
- FIG. 6a is a graph showing the relationship between the carbide area ratio and hardness (composite hardness) of the shot peening projection material of the present invention (when the composition has a high hardness).
- FIG. 6 b is a graph showing the relationship between the carbide area ratio and hardness (composite hardness) of the shot peening projection material of the present invention (when the composition has a low hardness). From these graphs, it is understood that the Vickers hardness is 920 HV to 1030 HV when the area ratio of the carbide is 70% to 95%. In the case of 950HV, the area ratio of carbide is 70% to 78%. That is, the hardness HV (m) of the shot peening projection material is given by the following equations (1) to (3).
- the carbon content was 0.75%.
- the projection material obtained by rounding the ridge line after cutting the steel wire (the hardness is HV700, the material is, for example, mass%, carbon 0.81%, manganese 0.48%, silicon 0.23%, Phosphorus 0.012%, sulfur 0.004%, and inevitable impurities (abbreviated as CCW type) are high-concentration carburized steels (steel grades suitable for carbide-dispersed carburization and have a Vickers hardness of 880 to 990 HV). A large residual stress could not be introduced into the hardness workpiece (Experiment No. 8). In the present invention, experiment number 15 corresponds.
- the shot peening projection material in the production of a shot peening projection material, can be improved in productivity by preventing wire breakage in the step of drawing to obtain a finish line. It is possible to provide a method for producing a projection material for shot peening that can improve the material, finish line, and productivity, and a projection material produced by the production method. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shot peening projection material capable of providing the life of the shot peening projection material and applying appropriate compressive residual stress. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a shot peening projection material that has good hardenability and is suitable for shot peening.
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Abstract
Description
つまり、本発明のショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法は、まず、断線を防止して清浄度を確保するために、特定のショットピーニング用投射材の材料を用い、この材料から適正な仕上げ線を確保し、焼入れ前の炭化物微細状態を維持し、焼入れ焼戻し後の適正組織を確保する。更に、本発明は、ショットピーニング投射材の寿命と適正な圧縮残留応力付与ができるショットピーニング用投射材を提供する。加えて、本発明は、焼入れ性が良くショットピーニングに適したショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法を提供する。
このような材料にしたのは、伸線での割れによる断線の防止のために基地の結合性を劣化させる非金属介在物の量を低減するためである。すなわち、特開2001-79766号公報の製造方法と比較して、酸化物を安定的に減らすためには酸化量を低くする必要があり、酸素を0.0015%以下に極めて低くした。また、珪素量の上限を17%下げている。更に、硫化物、特にMnS量低減のため、マンガンと硫黄を低減した。総じて全体的に鉄以外の成分の含有量の上限を厳しくした。基本的な炭化物量は一定にするため、炭素量は同じとした。
すなわち、本発明においては、インゴットから引抜加工により「伸線」されて線材が製造され、次いで、この線材は「焼鈍」及び「冷間引抜き」を繰り返して伸線加工されて仕上げ線にされる。そして、このときの仕上げ線での炭化物の状態は、粒径2μm以下である炭化物の占める面積が仕上げ線全体の面積の80%以上となっている。
本発明の第2の態様では、本発明の第1の態様に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の材料を伸線して得られた線材を、焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して仕上げ線とする工程としたのは、伸線減面率が高いと、線材は伸びがなくなり、破断しやすくなるので、少なくとも伸びが鈍化して一定になってきた状態で焼鈍して加工硬化を除去して、再度延性を回復した状態で伸線を行なうことが好ましいからである。
冷間引抜きとしたのは、熱間では結晶粒の延展が生じ微細化効果が得られないので、加工硬化と結晶粒の微細化が伴う冷間としたのである。
焼鈍の回数は3回から5回が好ましい。伸線減面率は、10%乃至40%が好ましい。
仕上げ線において、粒径2μm以下である炭化物の占める面積が仕上げ線全体の面積の80%以上としたのは、細い仕上げ線において適正な組織を得ることによって、その後のショットピーニング用投射材に最適な組織を確保するためである。また、仕上げ線での性質の確認により、最終製品の品質の向上に繋がり、材料の無駄を生じることがなくなる。
本発明によれば、伸線性の優れた、性質の確認された仕上げ線を用いているので、生産性が高く、また、品質のよいショットピーニング用投射材を提供することができる。
また、更に塑性加工する工程を有しても良い。本発明によれば、投射材の角がなくなるのでピーニング時に破壊の起点が生じにくいという利点がある。なおここで、塑性加工してショットピーニング素材とするとは、短い線材形状を有する、切断した仕上げ線を、塑性加工により丸いショットピーニング素材の形状とすることをいう。すなわち、ショットピーニング素材は、切削、研磨等により丸い形状にされるのではない。
本発明によれば、熱処理後に結晶粒の微細化と靭性の回復という利点がある。
本発明によれば、残留オーステナイトが生成しにくくなり、材料全体において均一なマルテンサイト組織が得られるという利点がある。
一方、炭化物の粒径は粒径2μmより小さいことが好ましい。より好ましくは1から0.1μmである。なぜなら、粒径が2μm以上であるとショットピーニング用投射材のショットでのクラックの起点としての影響が大きくなるからである。粒径が1から0.1μmの大きさならば、基地からの露出が少なくなるので炭化物の影響が少なくなり好ましい。
また、本発明のショットピーニング用投射材は、質量%で、炭素を0.95~1.10%、珪素を0.15~0.30%、マンガンを0.40%以下、リンを0.020%以下、硫黄を0.010%以下、クロムを1.40~1.60%、酸素を0.0015%以下、を含有し、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物とからなるショットピーニング用投射材の材料を、線材に伸線し、該伸線を焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して仕上げ線とし、該仕上げ線を切断し塑性加工してショットピーニング素材とし、該ショットピーニング素材を焼入れ焼戻することにより製造するショットピーニング用投射材であって、組織が微細炭化物と焼戻しマルテンサイトからなること、また、炭化物の面積率が70%から95%であること、さらに、塑性加工をすることによって硬度を調整してビッカース硬度が950HV乃至1050HVとすることが好ましい。そのビッカース硬度が950HV乃至1050HVであると、高硬度の製品に好適なピーニング処理ができる。
また、本発明は以下の詳細な説明により更に完全に理解できるであろう。しかしながら、詳細な説明および特定の実施例は、本発明の望ましい実施の形態であり、説明の目的のためにのみ記載されているものである。この詳細な説明から、種々の変更、改変が、当業者にとって明らかだからである。
出願人は、記載された実施の形態のいずれをも公衆に献上する意図はなく、開示された改変、代替案のうち、特許請求の範囲内に文言上含まれないかもしれないものも、均等論下での発明の一部とする。
本明細書あるいは請求の範囲の記載において、名詞及び同様な指示語の使用は、特に指示されない限り、または文脈によって明瞭に否定されない限り、単数および複数の両方を含むものと解釈すべきである。本明細書中で提供されたいずれの例示または例示的な用語(例えば、「等」)の使用も、単に本発明を説明し易くするという意図であるに過ぎず、特に請求の範囲に記載しない限り本発明の範囲に制限を加えるものではない。
第5工程で塑性加工する。第6工程で焼入れ焼戻しする。第7工程で場合により空打ちする。
サイズ変遷は、例えば、
径1.6mm~1.5mm~1.4mm→(BA焼鈍)→1.3mm~1.2mm~1.1mm~1.0mm →(BA焼鈍)→0.9mm~0.8mm~0.75mm~0.7mm →(BA焼鈍)→ 0.6mm~0.55mm~0.5mm~0.45mm~0.4 mm→(BA焼鈍)→ 0.35mm~0.3mm(終了)であり、計4回の焼鈍が入っている。
本発明のショットピーニング用投射材用の仕上げ線(直径0.3mmのナイタール腐食後)のSEMを用いたミクロ組織を図2に示す。
これにより、ショットピーニング用投射材に優れた仕上げ線の組織が得られたことを確認できた。
このときの仕上げ線の直径は、焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して、最終径が0.6mm以下0.25mm以上になるようにする。最終径が0.3mmのとき、ビッカース硬度はHV350であった。ビッカース硬度がHV350であっても、材料があまり加工硬化していないため、細線においても切断が容易にできる。
なお、本実施例1では、ショットピーニング用投射材としては、直径が0.3mm乃至0.6mmのものを製造した例を挙げた。しかし、1.0mm程度までの直径のものはショットピーニングに使用される。但し、本発明の実施例1を使わなくても、すなわち、冷間引抜きと焼鈍とを繰り返さなくても、1.0mmのものは比較的容易に製造が可能である。この意味で、伸線工程は線径が小さくなるほど面倒であることから、本発明は、0.6mm以下の直径のショットピーニング用投射材(0.6mm以下の線径の仕上げ線)に好適である。なお、ショットピーニング用投射材の粒径は、たとえば、日本工業規格JIS G5904に規定された粒度試験方法を用いて測定する。
本実施例2によれば、本発明の投射材(ビッカース硬度がHV950)は、高硬度のワークに対して削食する量が少なく、かつ、ワークを加工硬化させやすく、大きな残留応力を導入できた。(実験番号11乃至17)。
なお、実験番号11乃至17においては、投射材のビッカース硬度は当初950HVであったが、使用により1050HVまで硬化することがあった。
<削食量測定方法>
レーザー寸法測定装置を用い、ショットピーニング処理前および処理後の被処理材の直径を測定し、削食量は、次式によって計算された値を使用した。なお削食量はn=10回測定した平均値を用い、測定部位はショットピーニング狙い位置中心(最大削食量発生箇所)とした。
削食量=(D1-D2)/2
Dl=ショットピーニング処理前の直径
D2=ショットピーニング処理後の直径
<圧縮残留応力測定方法>
ショットピーニング処理後の処理品の圧縮残留応力測定方法は、非破壊的方法として一般的な「JIS B2711」に規定されているX線回折を利用したX線応力測定法を用いた。今回のサンプルは、マルテンサイト組織の鋼である為、測定は特性X線の種類=CrKα線、X線応力係数k=-318[MPa/°]を用いて行った。
また、測定部位はショットピーニング狙い位置中心とした。
尚、圧縮残留応力のピーク値(=最大値)は、入射X線束の断面寸法のほぼ2倍の範囲を、電解研磨によって、所定の深さになるように除去した後、残留応力分布を測定することにより求めた。
<断面硬度測定方法>
表中にあるHV0.3は、断面の表面から50μm位置を300gの押し込み力で測定したときの断面のビッカース硬度の値を示す。
一般に、ガス浸炭品の表面には浸炭異常層が25μm程度の深さまであって、硬度が非常に低い状態となっている。そのような状態の場所を測っても、材料と熱処理の評価はできないため、断面硬度を測ることとしている。
表中にある相対硬さは、処理品の表面から測定した表面の硬度から、投射材の硬さを減算した値である相対硬さの値を示す。材料と熱処理の評価を行なう断面硬度に対し、投射材硬度を選択するためには表面の硬度が重要になるので、表面に直接圧子を落として測定する。なお、硬度の測定はマイクロビッカース硬さ試験機(荷重500g)を使用した。
したがって、ガス浸炭品の場合は、表面異常層の硬さを含んだ値となる。なお、真空浸炭品は表面異常層ができないことが特徴とされているが、焼き入れの特性によっては表面の硬度が落ちる場合もある。
これらのグラフから、炭化物の面積率が70%から95%であると、ビッカース硬度は920HV乃至1030HVであることがわかる。尚、950HVの場合には、炭化物の面積率は、70%乃至78%である。
すなわち、ショットピーニング用投射材の硬さHV(m)は、下記式(1)~(3)で与えられる。
更に、熱処理時に残る残留オーステナイトγRを次のように考慮した。
比較例2である超硬製投射材(ビッカース硬さがHV1380)は硬過ぎて、ワーク(SCM420H:焼き入れ鋼)を削食する量が多いという欠点があるので、ピーニング用としては使用圧力に限界がある(実験番号10番)。尚、本発明では実験番号11が対応する。
また、本発明によれば、ショットピーニング投射材の寿命と適正な圧縮残留応力付与ができるショットピーニング用投射材を提供できる。加えて、本発明によれば、焼入れ性が良くショットピーニングに適したショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法を提供できる。
Claims (11)
- 質量%で、炭素を0.95~1.10%、珪素を0.15~0.30%、マンガンを0.40%以下、リンを0.020%以下、硫黄を0.010%以下、クロムを1.40~1.60%、酸素を0.0015%以下、を含有し、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物とからなるショットピーニング用投射材の材料。
- 請求項1に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の材料を、
線材に伸線する工程と、
該線材を焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して仕上げ線とする工程と、
によって、該仕上げ線での粒径2μm以下である炭化物の占める面積が仕上げ線全体の面積の80%以上であることを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材の仕上げ線。 - 前記焼鈍は720℃以下で行うことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の仕上げ線。
- 請求項2に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の仕上げ線を、
切断し塑性加工してショットピーニング素材とする工程と、
該ショットピーニング素材を焼入れ焼戻する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法。 - 前記焼戻しにおける焼戻しパラメータ=T((21.3-5.8×[C])+logt)が6200~7300、
ここで,T:焼戻し温度(K)、t:焼戻し時間(h)、C:炭素量(%)であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法。 - 請求項4又は請求項5に記載の製造方法により製造したショットピーニング用投射材を、更に塑性加工する工程を有することを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の材料を、
線材に伸線する工程と、
焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して仕上げ線とする工程と、
該仕上げ線を切断し塑性加工してショットピーニング素材とする工程と、
該ショットピーニング素材を焼入れ焼戻する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法。 - 前記焼入れの焼入れ温度が820~850℃であることを特徴とする請求項4、請求項5、請求項7のいずれかに記載のショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法。
- 請求項4又は請求項7に記載のショットピーニング用投射材の製造方法により製造されて、組織の基地が焼戻しマルテンサイトであり、微細炭化物が析出しており、かつ、炭化物の面積率が70%から95%であることを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材。
- 質量%で、炭素を0.95~1.10%、珪素を0.15~0.30%、マンガンを0.40%以下、リンを0.020%以下、硫黄を0.010%以下、クロムを1.40~1.60%、酸素を0.0015%以下、を含有し、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物とからなるショットピーニング用投射材の材料を、線材に伸線し、該伸線を焼鈍及び冷間引抜きを繰り返して仕上げ線とし、該仕上げ線を切断し塑性加工してショットピーニング素材とし、該ショットピーニング素材を焼入れ焼戻することにより製造するショットピーニング用投射材であって、
組織が焼戻しマルテンサイトの基地に微細炭化物が析出しており、
炭化物の面積率が70%から95%であることを特徴とするショットピーニング用投射材。 - ビッカース硬度が950HV乃至1050HVであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のショットピーニング用投射材。
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JP6556488B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 | 2019-08-07 | 内山工業株式会社 | 密封装置 |
CN116804571B (zh) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-12-08 | 山东众志电子有限公司 | 基于人工智能的纤维类拉丝异常状态检测方法 |
CN116904864B (zh) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-12 | 淄博大亚金属科技股份有限公司 | 一种耐冲击长寿命低碳铸钢丸及其制备方法 |
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- 2008-11-14 JP JP2009511697A patent/JP4386152B2/ja active Active
- 2008-11-14 KR KR1020107017057A patent/KR101170248B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-11-14 CN CN2008801249724A patent/CN101939139A/zh active Pending
- 2008-11-14 BR BRPI0822102-2A patent/BRPI0822102A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-11-14 WO PCT/JP2008/070782 patent/WO2009107288A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH07276242A (ja) * | 1990-03-30 | 1995-10-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 鉄系ショット粒の製造方法 |
JP2001079766A (ja) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-27 | Toyo Seiko Kk | ショットピーニング用投射材 |
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CN102264512A (zh) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-11-30 | 新东工业株式会社 | 喷丸硬化用抛射材料的制造方法 |
CN102264512B (zh) * | 2008-11-26 | 2015-06-17 | 新东工业株式会社 | 喷丸硬化用抛射材料的制造方法 |
WO2020174676A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 新東工業株式会社 | ショットの製造方法、ショット |
JPWO2020174676A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-11-04 | 新東工業株式会社 | ショットの製造方法、ショット |
Also Published As
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JP4386152B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 |
JP5299140B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
JP2010030036A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
JPWO2009107288A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
KR20100133956A (ko) | 2010-12-22 |
US20100322816A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CN101939139A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
BRPI0822102A2 (pt) | 2015-06-30 |
KR101170248B1 (ko) | 2012-07-31 |
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