WO2009099004A1 - ブラシレスモータ - Google Patents
ブラシレスモータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009099004A1 WO2009099004A1 PCT/JP2009/051545 JP2009051545W WO2009099004A1 WO 2009099004 A1 WO2009099004 A1 WO 2009099004A1 JP 2009051545 W JP2009051545 W JP 2009051545W WO 2009099004 A1 WO2009099004 A1 WO 2009099004A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- brushless motor
- motor
- angle
- harmonic component
- magnet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
- H02K1/2781—Magnets shaped to vary the mechanical air gap between the magnets and the stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a brushless motor, and more particularly, to a brushless motor having low torque ripple and high output and excellent controllability.
- a control method in which the switching of energization is smoothed by sinusoidal driving and the torque cripple is reduced.
- the sine wave drive a current whose current value changes in a sine wave shape is supplied to a motor whose induced voltage waveform has a sine wave shape.
- the torque ripple of the sine wave drive motor is smaller than that of a normal 120 ° rectangular wave drive motor.
- a skew structure in which rotor magnetic poles and the like are inclined in the axial direction is also widely known.
- the harmonic component of the induced voltage waveform is reduced, so that the induced voltage waveform can be a smooth sine waveform. Therefore, the torque ripple reduction effect during sine wave driving is further improved.
- the fundamental wave component of the induced voltage is reduced along with the harmonic component. Since the output torque of the motor is approximately the product of the induced voltage and the motor current, the magnitude of the torque depends exclusively on the fundamental wave component. For this reason, when the skew angle is increased in order to reduce torque ripple, the motor torque is reduced and the voltage utilization rate is lowered. On the other hand, if the motor specifications are set such that the skew is reduced and the reduction of the induced voltage is suppressed in order to secure the motor torque, the harmonic component increases accordingly, and there is a problem that the torque ripple increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor that can be easily controlled while simultaneously satisfying low torque ripple and high output.
- the brushless motor of the present invention is a brushless motor that includes a stator having 2n (n is a positive integer) slot and a rotor having 3n magnetic poles, and is rotationally driven by a three-phase driving current.
- the content ratio of the fifth harmonic component contained in the induced voltage of the brushless motor to the fundamental wave is 4.5% to 6.5%.
- the content of the fifth harmonic component of the induced voltage is set to 4.5% to 6.5% with respect to the fundamental wave, thereby obtaining a sine. Torque and rotational speed effectively increase with respect to wave driving.
- a skew angle of the rotor or the stator is set to an electrical angle of 36 ° ⁇ ⁇ skew ⁇ 57 °, a circumferential width Wm of the magnet forming the magnetic pole, and a center of the inner diameter circle of the magnet
- the brushless motor according to the present invention since low torque ripple and high output are simultaneously satisfied and control is easy, the demand for torque ripple is severe, and it is a motor for electric power steering that requires miniaturization and high output. It is particularly useful.
- the brushless motor of the present invention is a so-called 2P3S ⁇ n brushless motor by setting the content of the fifth harmonic component of the induced voltage to 4.5% to 6.5% with respect to the fundamental wave. Torque and rotational speed can be effectively increased with respect to sinusoidal drive.
- the content of the fifth harmonic component included in the voltage with respect to the fundamental wave can be set to 4.5% to 6.5%.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a brushless motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a brushless motor 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as “motor 1”) is an inner rotor type brushless motor having a stator (stator) 2 on the outside and a rotor (rotor) 3 on the inside. Yes.
- the motor 1 is used, for example, as a power source of a column assist type electric power steering device (EPS), and applies an operation assisting force to a steering shaft of an automobile.
- EPS column assist type electric power steering device
- the motor 1 is attached to a speed reduction mechanism provided on the steering shaft. The rotation of the motor 1 is decelerated and transmitted to the steering shaft by the decelerating mechanism.
- the stator 2 includes a bottomed cylindrical case 4, a stator core 5, a stator coil 6 wound around the stator core 5 (hereinafter abbreviated as coil 6), and a bus bar unit (terminal unit) 7 attached to the stator core 5. It is configured.
- the case 4 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape with iron or the like.
- An aluminum die cast bracket 8 is attached to the opening of the case 4 by a fixing screw (not shown).
- the stator core 5 has a configuration in which a plurality (9 in this case) of divided cores 9 are gathered in the circumferential direction.
- the stator core 5 is provided with nine teeth 5a projecting radially inward.
- 2n grooves 5b are formed to reduce cogging due to the pseudo slot effect.
- the split core 9 is formed by stacking core pieces made of electromagnetic steel plates.
- a synthetic resin insulator 11 is attached around the split core 9.
- the coil 6 is wound around the outside of the insulator 11. An end portion 6 a of the coil 6 is drawn out at one end side of the stator core 5.
- a bus bar unit 7 is attached to one end side of the stator core 5.
- a copper bus bar is insert-molded in the synthetic resin main body of the bus bar unit 7.
- the number of bus bars corresponding to the number of phases of the motor 1 here, three for the U phase, V phase, and W phase
- Each coil 6 is electrically connected to a power supply terminal 12 corresponding to the phase.
- the stator core 5 is press-fitted and fixed in the case 4 after the bus bar unit 7 is attached.
- the rotor 3 is inserted inside the stator 2.
- the rotor 3 has a rotor shaft 13.
- the rotor shaft 13 is rotatably supported by bearings 14a and 14b.
- the bearing 14 a is fixed to the center of the bottom of the case 4, and the bearing 14 b is fixed to the center of the bracket 8.
- Cylindrical rotor cores 15 a to 15 c are fixed to the rotor shaft 13.
- Segment type magnets (permanent magnets) 16a to 16c are attached to the outer circumferences of the rotor cores 15a to 15c.
- the magnets 16a to 16c are arranged in 6 ⁇ 3 rows along the circumferential direction. That is, the motor 1 has a 6-pole 9-slot (hereinafter abbreviated as 6P9S) configuration.
- a bottomed cylindrical magnet cover 18 is attached to the outside of the magnets 16a to 16c.
- the magnets 16a to 16c of the motor 1 are formed so that the outer peripheral surface 16out is eccentric with respect to the inner peripheral surface 16in. That is, the center of the magnet outer peripheral surface 16out is not concentric with the arc C1 passing through the outermost diameter position T of the outer peripheral surface 16out, and the outer peripheral surface 16out is a circumferential surface having a smaller radius than the inner peripheral surface 16in. Thus, cogging can be reduced by forming the magnet outer peripheral surface 16out eccentrically.
- a magnet holder 17a to 17c made of synthetic resin is attached to the outside of the magnets 16a to 16c.
- the magnets 16a to 16c are attached to the outer circumferences of the rotor cores 15a to 15c so as to be held by the magnet holders 17a to 17c.
- the magnets 16a to 16c are arranged in three rows in the axial direction by the magnet holders 17a to 17c.
- the magnets 16a to 16c in each row are attached in a positional relationship shifted in the radial direction by a predetermined step angle ⁇ step. That is, the rotor 3 of the motor 1 has a skew structure in which the magnets 16a to 16c are stacked in three stages.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the skew angle on the rotor 3 side.
- the center points M1 to M3 both circumferential and axial directions
- the line L connecting these M1 to M3 and the end portions of the magnets 16a and 16c.
- the central angle with respect to the rotation center O between P1 and P2 is the magnet skew angle ⁇ skew.
- the step angle ⁇ step between the magnets 16a and 16b and between the magnets 16b and 16c is a center angle with respect to the rotation center O between M1, M2, M2, and M3, respectively.
- a rotor (resolver rotor) 22 of a resolver 21 serving as a rotation angle detection means is attached to the end of the magnet holder 17a.
- the stator (resolver stator) 23 of the resolver 21 is press-fitted into a metal resolver holder 24 and accommodated in a resolver bracket 25 made of synthetic resin.
- the resolver holder 24 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and is lightly press-fitted into the outer periphery of the end portion of the rib 26 provided in the center portion of the bracket 8.
- a metal female thread portion 27 is inserted into the resolver bracket 25 and the bracket 8.
- a mounting screw 28 is screwed into the female screw portion 27 from the outside of the bracket 8. Thereby, the resolver holder 24 is fixed inside the bracket 8.
- the induced voltage of the motor having a structure that is an integral multiple of 2P3S includes fifth and higher odd-order harmonic components, and among them, the fifth-order component Is the most common.
- the line-to-line induced voltage becomes a substantially trapezoidal wave.
- the motor drive current is a trapezoidal wave
- the torque ripple can be brought close to zero.
- the peak value of the trapezoidal wave current can be lowered because the peak value is suppressed as compared with the sine wave current.
- the trapezoidal wave can flow more current than the sine wave. Accordingly, by adjusting the induced voltage to the fundamental wave + the fifth harmonic, it is possible to increase the motor output while suppressing the torque ripple.
- the motor 1 has a skew structure as described above, a motor driving current including a harmonic component is also supplied to the motor 1 in order to achieve both improvement in voltage utilization and reduction in torque ripple. .
- the control cycle becomes very short and it becomes difficult to perform control. Accordingly, the inventors focused on the characteristics of the motor of the 2P3S ⁇ n structure, and studied a configuration in which the harmonic component is made only the fifth order component as much as possible and the other order components are reduced. As a result of various experiments, the following conclusions were obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the content ratio of the fifth harmonic component and the torque increase rate and rotation speed increase rate with respect to sine wave drive.
- the torque and the number of rotations increase as the fifth-order harmonic component increases.
- the torque increase rate and the rotation speed increase rate there is a difference between changes in the torque increase rate and the rotation speed increase rate, with the former peaking at about 5% and the latter at about 6.5%. Therefore, the range in which both can secure an increase rate of 3% or more is considered effective, and the conclusion that the content rate is preferably 4.5% to 6.5% as in (1) was obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the skew angle (mechanical angle) in the 6P9S motor and the content of the fifth harmonic component relative to the total harmonic component. As shown in FIG. 6, as the skew angle increases, the content of the fifth-order harmonic component also increases. However, it decreases by more than 18 ° and rapidly decreases when it exceeds 22 °.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio W in the 6P9S motor and the fundamental wave reduction rate in the induced voltage.
- the ratio W 0.76
- the motor 1 becomes a brushless motor that satisfies the conditions (1) and (2).
- the process leading to the present invention is summarized as follows. That is, first, in a 2p3s ⁇ n brushless motor adopting a skew structure, the skew angle is reduced in order to suppress the reduction of the fundamental wave component and secure the torque.
- the harmonic component content of the induced voltage is increased, and when the sine wave drive is performed as it is, the torque ripple is increased. Therefore, the harmonic component is superimposed on the motor drive current to cancel the harmonic component of the induced voltage and reduce the torque ripple.
- controllability deteriorates when higher-order harmonic components are included. For this reason, the induced voltage became a trapezoidal waveform, and the inclusion target of the harmonic component was narrowed down to the fifth component effective for output improvement and torque ripple reduction.
- the motor output can be improved while improving the voltage utilization factor and reducing the torque ripple. It becomes possible to provide an efficient brushless motor. Further, since the harmonic component is limited to the fifth-order component, it is not necessary to make the control period very short as in the case where many higher-order harmonic components are included, and the drive control of the motor becomes easy. Furthermore, the burden on the control system is reduced, and the cost of the control circuit and the like can be reduced.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the brushless motor used for the column assist type EPS is shown.
- the present invention can be applied to other types of EPS motors.
- the present invention is widely applicable not only to EPS and motors for various on-vehicle electric products, but also to general brushless motors.
- an example in which the present invention is applied to a 6-pole 9-slot brushless motor using six magnets has been described.
- the configuration of the magnets and slots of the motor is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a motor skewed on the rotor 3 side but also to a motor skewed on the stator 2 side.
- the same relationship as in FIGS. 6 and 7 was obtained even in a motor with the stator 2 skewed as shown in FIG. That is, when the electrical angle is 36 ° ⁇ ⁇ skew ⁇ 57 °, the content of the fifth harmonic component in all the harmonic components is large, and when the ratio W is less than 0.86, the conditions of (1) and (2) When the ratio W was 0.76 or less, the fundamental wave in the induced voltage decreased rapidly.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Brushless Motors (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
3 ロータ 4 ケース
5 ステータコア 5a ティース
5b 溝 6 コイル
6a 端部 7 バスバーユニット
8 ブラケット 9 分割コア
11 インシュレータ 12 給電用端子
13 ロータシャフト 14a,14b ベアリング
15a~15c ロータコア 16a~16c マグネット
16out 外周面 16in 内周面
17a~17c マグネットホルダ 18 マグネットカバー
21 レゾルバ 22 ロータ(レゾルバロータ)
23 ステータ(レゾルバステータ) 24 レゾルバホルダ
25 レゾルバブラケット 26 リブ
27 雌ネジ部 28 取付ネジ
θskew スキュー角 θstep ステップ角
M1~M3 マグネット中心点 L マグネット中心点を結ぶ線
O ロータ回転中心
P1,P2 直線Lとロータコア端部との交点
C1 円弧 C2 マグネット内径円
T 最外径位置 W 比
Wm マグネット幅
Wp マグネット内径円における中心角θp=360°/極数の円弧に形成される弦の長さ
W WmとWpの比(=Wm/Wp)
(2)スキュー角を電気角36°≦θskew≦57°とすると、全高調波成分に対する5次高調波成分の含有率が大きく(90%)なる。なお、電気角36°≦θskew≦57°は、6P9Sのモータにおける機械角12°≦θskew≦19°に相当する。また、マグネットを段積する場合には、各段ごとのステップ角度にて前述の値を除した値となる(電気角36°/マグネット積み数≦θstep)≦57°/マグネット積み数となる。
(3)マグネット16a~16cの形状を0.76<W=Wm/Wp<0.86とすると、5次高調波成分の含有率が4.5%~6.5%となる(Wm:マグネット幅,Wp:弦P-P(図4参照)の長さ、つまり、マグネット内径円C2における中心角θp=360°/極数(6極では60°)の円弧に形成される弦の長さ)。なお、図4では、マグネット16aについて示したが、他のマグネット16b,16cも同様の構成となっている。
例えば、前述の実施例では、コラムアシスト式のEPSに使用されるブラシレスモータを示したが、他の方式のEPS用モータにも本発明は適用可能である。加えて、EPSや各種車載電動品用のモータのみならず、本発明は、広くブラシレスモータ一般にも適用可能である。また、前述の実施例では、マグネットを6個用いた6極9スロットのブラシレスモータに本発明を適用した例を示したが、モータのマグネットやスロットの構成はこれには限定されず、本発明は、2極3スロットの整数倍の構成のブラシレスモータに広く適用可能である。
Claims (4)
- 2n(nは正の整数)個の磁極を有するロータと、3n個のスロットを有するステータとを備えてなるブラシレスモータであって、
前記ブラシレスモータの誘起電圧に含まれる5次高調波成分の基本波に対する含有率が4.5%~6.5%であることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。 - 請求項1記載のブラシレスモータにおいて、
前記ロータ又は前記ステータのスキュー角が電気角36°≦θskew≦57°であり、
前記磁極を形成するマグネットの周方向の幅Wmと、前記マグネットの内径円における中心角θp=360°/極数3nの円弧に形成される弦の長さWpとの比Wが、0.76<W=Wm/Wp<0.86であることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。 - 請求項1記載のブラシレスモータにおいて、前記ブラシレスモータは、6個(n=3)の前記磁極と、9個の前記スロットを有する6極9スロット構造であることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。
- 請求項1記載のブラシレスモータにおいて、前記ブラシレスモータは、電動パワーステアリングの駆動源として使用されるモータであることを特徴とするブラシレスモータ。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009552453A JP5523112B2 (ja) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-30 | ブラシレスモータ |
DE112009000210T DE112009000210T5 (de) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-30 | Bürstenloser Motor |
CN2009801043783A CN101939896B (zh) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-30 | 无刷电动机 |
US12/811,852 US8247941B2 (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-30 | Brushless motor with skew angle set for low torque ripple and high output |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2008027429 | 2008-02-07 | ||
JP2008-027429 | 2008-02-07 |
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WO2009099004A1 true WO2009099004A1 (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2009/051545 WO2009099004A1 (ja) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-01-30 | ブラシレスモータ |
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US (1) | US8247941B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5523112B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101939896B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112009000210T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009099004A1 (ja) |
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CN104184236B (zh) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-09-14 | 宁波市北仑海伯精密机械制造有限公司 | 用于电机的永磁体及其该永磁体的设计方法 |
CA2976779A1 (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-25 | Nidec Motor Corporation | Electric motor |
DE102015214106B3 (de) * | 2015-07-27 | 2016-12-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verbesserter Stator für eine elektrische Maschine |
EP3154174A1 (de) * | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Servomotor |
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CN115296451A (zh) * | 2017-08-28 | 2022-11-04 | Lg伊诺特有限公司 | 马达 |
JP7170389B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2022-11-14 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | ギヤモータ |
DE102018204876A1 (de) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-02 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Elektromotor mit geschrägtem Stator und/oder Rotor enthaltend mindestens eine Schicht eines Verbundwerkstoffs |
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JP2004274963A (ja) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電動パワーステアリング装置用永久磁石型モータ |
JP2005027422A (ja) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 永久磁石式回転電機及びそれを用いた電動圧縮機 |
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CN103107617A (zh) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-15 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 风扇直流马达的圆弧形磁石转子结构 |
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US8247941B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
US20100283348A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
DE112009000210T5 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
CN101939896A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
CN101939896B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
JPWO2009099004A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
JP5523112B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
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