WO2009093659A1 - 医療用熱交換器及びその製造方法並びに人工肺装置 - Google Patents
医療用熱交換器及びその製造方法並びに人工肺装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009093659A1 WO2009093659A1 PCT/JP2009/050981 JP2009050981W WO2009093659A1 WO 2009093659 A1 WO2009093659 A1 WO 2009093659A1 JP 2009050981 W JP2009050981 W JP 2009050981W WO 2009093659 A1 WO2009093659 A1 WO 2009093659A1
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- Prior art keywords
- thin tube
- tube bundle
- heat exchanger
- blood
- heat transfer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1629—Constructional aspects thereof with integral heat exchanger
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/369—Temperature treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, particularly a medical heat exchanger suitable for use in medical equipment such as an oxygenator, a method for manufacturing the same, and an oxygenator equipped with the heat exchanger.
- a heart-lung machine In cardiac surgery, a heart-lung machine is used to stop the patient's heart and perform the respiratory and circulatory functions during that time. Also, during surgery, the patient's oxygen consumption is reduced, so the patient's body temperature needs to be lowered and maintained. For this reason, the oxygenator is provided with a heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of blood taken from the patient.
- a bellows tube type heat exchanger and a multi-tube type heat exchanger (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) are known.
- the multi-tubular heat exchanger has a larger heat exchange area than the bellows tube heat exchanger, so a large heat exchange area can be obtained, so heat exchange compared to the bellows tube heat exchanger. There is an advantage of high efficiency.
- FIGS. 20A to 20C A conventional multi-tube heat exchanger will be described with reference to FIGS. 20A to 20C.
- 20A is a top view of a multi-tube heat exchanger
- FIG. 20B is a side view
- FIG. 20C is a perspective view showing the inside of the housing of the heat exchanger, partially shown in cross section.
- This heat exchanger includes a thin tube bundle 102 composed of a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes 101 through which cold / hot water as a heat medium liquid flows, seal members 103a to 103c for sealing the thin tube bundle 102, and a housing that accommodates them. 104.
- a plurality of heat transfer tubules 101 are arranged in parallel and stacked to form a tubule bundle 102.
- the central seal member 103 c forms a blood channel 105 having a circular cross section at the center in the longitudinal direction of the thin tube bundle 102.
- the blood flow path 105 functions as a heat exchange flow path for circulating blood, which is a heat exchange liquid, so as to contact each outer surface of the heat transfer thin tubes 101.
- the seal members 103a and 103b at both ends expose both ends of the thin tube bundle 102, respectively.
- the housing 104 is positioned at both upper and lower ends of the blood flow path 105 and has blood inlets 106 for guiding blood into the housing 104 and blood guides for guiding blood from the housing 104.
- An outlet 107 is provided.
- a gap 108 is provided between each of the seal members 103a to 103c, and a liquid discharge hole 109 corresponding to the gap 108 is provided in the housing 102.
- blood flows from the blood inlet 106 and flows so as to flow out of the blood outlet 107 through the blood channel 105.
- cold / hot water is caused to flow from the exposed one end of the thin tube bundle 102 to flow out from the exposed other end.
- heat exchange is performed between the blood and the cold / hot water in the blood channel 105.
- the gap 108 is provided to detect leakage when blood or cold / hot water leaks due to seal leakage. That is, when there is a seal leak of the third seal member 103c, the leaked blood appears in the gap 108, so that the leak can be detected. In addition, even when cold / warm water leaks due to seal leakage of the first seal member 103a or the second seal member 103b, the leaked cold / warm water appears in the gap 108, and leakage can be detected. The blood or cold / hot water leaking into the gap 108 is discharged from the liquid discharge hole 109 to the outside of the heat exchanger. Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-224301
- the heat exchange efficiency is desirably 0.43 or more in practice.
- the heat exchange area required to clear this target value was 0.014 m 2 when the blood flow rate was 2 L / min.
- Heat exchange efficiency (T BOUT ⁇ T BIN ) / (T WIN ⁇ T BIN ) T BIN : Blood inflow side temperature T BOUT : Blood outflow side temperature T WIN : Heat medium (water) inflow side temperature
- the heat transfer thin tubes 101 having an outer diameter of 1.25 mm when used, it is understood that a heat exchange area of 0.057 m 2 can be obtained if the number of stacked heat transfer thin tubes 101 (the number of thin tube layers) is six. .
- the heat exchange efficiency was measured by using such a heat exchange module composed of the thin tube bundle 102 having the 6-layer structure and the opening diameter of the blood channel 105 being 70 mm, a value much lower than the target value of 0.24. Only obtained.
- a heat exchange module 101 having an outer diameter of 1.25 mm, an opening diameter of the blood channel 105 of 70 mm, and various numbers of thin tube layers was produced, and the heat exchange efficiency was measured.
- the number of thin tube layers needs to be 18 or more in order to clear the heat exchange efficiency of 0.43.
- the blood filling amount in the blood flow path is 42.3 mL, far exceeding the desired value of 30 mL, which is the blood filling amount.
- the number of tubule layers In order to reduce the blood filling amount to 30 mL or less, according to the calculation, the number of tubule layers must be 13 layers or less.
- the present invention provides a medical heat exchanger capable of improving the heat exchange efficiency while appropriately controlling the flow of the heat medium liquid in the lumen of the heat transfer thin tube and reducing the volume of the heat exchange region.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the medical heat exchanger according to the present invention exposes both ends of the thin tube bundle formed by arranging and laminating a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes for circulating the heat medium liquid in the lumen, and the heat transfer thin tubes.
- a seal member that forms a blood flow path through which blood passes so as to contact the outer surface of each of the heat transfer tubules and seals the bundle of the tubules, and stores the seal member and the tubule bundle,
- a housing provided with blood inlets and outlets positioned at both ends of the blood flow path and a flow chamber surrounding both ends of the thin tube bundle are formed, and the heat medium liquid inlet port and outlet port are provided. And a pair of heat transfer thin tube headers.
- the thin tube bundle is divided into a plurality of sets of thin tube bundle units each including a plurality of the heat transfer thin tubes, and the heat transfer liquid header to be introduced includes the heat medium liquid to be introduced,
- the plurality of sets of thin tube bundle units are configured to pass sequentially.
- the heat medium liquid is sequentially passed through a plurality of sets of thin tube bundle units in which the thin tube bundle is divided.
- the flow rate of the cold / hot water flowing through the hot capillary tube can be increased.
- the film resistance on the inner wall of the heat transfer thin tube is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved while suppressing an increase in the volume of the heat exchange region.
- FIG. AA sectional view of the medical heat exchanger BB cross section of the medical heat exchanger The figure which shows the aspect of a division of a thin tube bundle, and the relationship between a heat exchange coefficient
- the figure which shows the relationship between the folding structure of the medical heat exchanger in Embodiment 1, and a heat exchange coefficient The perspective view of the module with which the spacer was mounted
- FIG. 1 Front view of the module
- FIG. 1 The perspective view of the unit capillary row which constitutes included in the module Front view of the same row of thin tubes
- the perspective view which shows the example of the form of a spacer Top view showing a configuration of a medical heat exchanger according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 CC cross-sectional view of the medical heat exchanger
- the top view which shows the insertion member used for the same heat exchanger A sectional view of a part of the insertion member
- the perspective view which shows the other example of the form of an insertion member The top view which shows the shape of the insertion member of the comparative example with respect to the same insertion member
- the top view which shows the shape of the insertion member of another comparative example The figure which shows the heat exchange efficiency coefficient of the heat exchanger at the time of using various insertion members
- FIG. 1 The perspective view which shows the form of the spacer of the medical heat exchanger in Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 14C is an enlarged plan view showing the main part of FIG.
- Plan view showing a method for manufacturing a medical heat exchanger in the fifth embodiment The perspective view which shows the positioning structure of the insertion member used for the manufacturing method
- Top view showing the configuration of the medical heat exchanger in the sixth embodiment EE cross section of the medical heat exchanger
- Top view showing the configuration of the medical heat exchanger in the seventh embodiment FF cross section of the medical heat exchanger
- the figure which shows the relationship between the folding structure of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 6 and 7, and a heat exchange coefficient Sectional drawing which shows the oxygenator in Embodiment 8.
- Top view showing the configuration of a conventional heat exchanger Side view showing the configuration of the heat exchanger
- the perspective view which shows the inside of the housing in the heat exchanger in a partial cross section
- the medical heat exchanger of the present invention can take the following aspects based on the above configuration.
- the thin tube bundle can be divided in the flow direction of the blood flow path to form a laminated structure of a plurality of thin tube bundle units each including a plurality of the heat transfer thin tubes.
- the heat transfer fluid sequentially passes from the downstream tube bundle unit disposed downstream of the blood flow channel toward the upstream tube bundle unit disposed upstream.
- the heat transfer thin tube header is preferably configured. Thereby, the flow of the heat medium liquid becomes countercurrent to the flow of the heat exchange liquid, which is advantageous in improving the heat exchange efficiency.
- the thin tube bundle is preferably divided into three stages of the thin tube bundle unit. In that case, it is preferable that the total number of the heat transfer thin tubes constituting the thin tube bundle unit of each stage is two layers or three layers.
- the blood flow path is preferably formed in a cylindrical shape whose periphery is sealed with the seal member.
- a spacer is provided between the plurality of thin tube bundle units.
- a predetermined interval is provided between the stages, and at least one of the flow chambers is partitioned into a plurality of flow compartments by partition walls provided corresponding to the intervals, and flows from the introduction port.
- the flow path is such that the heat medium liquid sequentially passes through the plurality of stages of thin tube bundle units via any one of the flow compartments and flows out from the outlet port via any other flow compartment.
- a formed structure is preferable.
- the flow chamber formed by the heat transfer thin tube header can be easily divided. Thereby, it is possible to simplify the structure in which the heat medium liquid is sequentially passed through the plurality of thin tube bundle units in a desired order, and the structure of the inlet and outlet ports.
- the spacers can be arranged in pairs by being respectively disposed in regions sealed by the seal members on both sides of the blood flow path.
- the pair of spacers may be connected to each other to form an integral body.
- the thin tube bundle unit has a thin tube row holding member that holds an arrangement state of a plurality of the heat transfer thin tubes, and the spacer is the thin tube row holding member that faces between adjacent stages of the thin tube bundle unit. It can be set as the structure mounted
- the flow chamber includes the flow compartment corresponding to the one-stage thin tube bundle unit located at the upstream end or the downstream end of the blood flow path, and the flow corresponding to the other two-stage thin tube bundle units.
- the inlet port and the outlet port are divided into compartments, and the inlet port and the outlet port may be provided for the flow compartment corresponding to the one-stage thin tube bundle unit.
- the thin tube bundle unit is configured in three stages, and one of the heat transfer thin tube headers includes the flow compartment corresponding to the single stage thin tube bundle unit located at the upstream end of the blood flow path, and a downstream side.
- the flow compartment corresponding to the two-stage thin tube bundle unit, and the other of the heat transfer thin tube headers is the flow compartment corresponding to the one-stage thin tube bundle unit located at the downstream end of the blood flow path,
- the flow compartment corresponding to the two-stage narrow tube bundle unit on the upstream side the introduction port is provided in the flow compartment corresponding to the downstream thin tube bundle unit, and the outlet port is the upstream end It is preferable to be provided in the flow compartment corresponding to the thin tube bundle unit.
- the thin tube bundle is divided in the flow direction of the blood flow path to form a laminated structure of a plurality of stages of the thin tube bundle units, and a spacer is mounted between the stages of the plurality of thin tube bundle units, In the case of a configuration in which a predetermined interval is formed between the stages, the space is formed so that a part of the volume is filled in the gap formed by the interval between the thin tube bundle units in the region in the blood channel.
- an insertion member is disposed, and the insertion member has a flow path communicating with the blood flow path.
- the flow chamber can be divided by mounting the spacers, and thus the heat medium liquid is passed through a plurality of stages of thin tube bundle units in a desired order, the insertion member is disposed. As a result, an increase in the volume of the blood channel is suppressed.
- the insertion member includes a plurality of annular ribs arranged concentrically, and a connecting rib extending radially in the radial direction of the annular rib and connecting between the annular ribs.
- the annular rib has an elliptical cross-sectional shape with the direction of the blood flow path as a short axis.
- the flow chamber can be divided by mounting spacers as described above, whereby the heat medium liquid is sequentially passed through a plurality of stages of thin tube bundle units in a desired order, and further, an interposition member is disposed, whereby the blood flow path is arranged.
- the spacers are respectively disposed in the sealed regions on both sides of the blood flow path to form a pair, and the spacer and the insertion member are , It can be configured by different members.
- the insertion member As a member different from the spacer, it is possible to suppress an increase in the volume of the blood channel due to the spacer being mounted while avoiding blood leakage from the blood channel. .
- the plurality of insertion members arranged between the stages of the thin tube bundle unit include a coupling portion that joins at a side edge of the thin tube bundle.
- positioned at the side edge part of the said thin tube bundle is provided,
- the thin tube bundle is held in a state where the heat transfer thin tubes are arranged by thin tube row holding members disposed at both ends, and the spacer is provided between the adjacent thin tube bundles in the narrow tube row holding member.
- a pair of cross members disposed between the pair of thin tube row holding members and the insertion member, the cross member being disposed between the seal member and the insertion member. And it can be set as the structure sealed in the said sealing member while contact
- the thin tube bundle may be divided in the transverse direction with respect to the flow direction of the blood flow path to form the plurality of sets of thin tube bundle units.
- the blood channel has a circular cross section
- the thin tube bundle is divided into three in the transverse direction with respect to the flow direction of the blood flow channel, and a central thin tube bundle unit and side thin tube bundles located on both sides thereof.
- a unit is formed, and the heat transfer thin tube header is configured so that the heat transfer liquid passes through the central thin tube bundle unit having a large heat exchange area first and then passes through the side thin tube bundle unit. It is preferable.
- the method of manufacturing the medical heat exchanger having the above configuration includes a thin tube bundle unit forming step of forming the thin tube bundle unit using a thin tube row holding member that holds the arrangement state of the heat transfer thin tubes, and a plurality of the thin tube bundles.
- the units are stacked by placing spacers at both ends between each stage and interposing an interposing member between each stage at the central part of the thin tube bundle unit to fill a part of the gap between the thin tube bundle units.
- the insertion member A member is held between the narrow tube row holding members, and in the sealing step, the crosspiece member is sealed in the seal member.
- An artificial lung device in which the blood flow path of the heat exchanger and the blood flow path of the artificial lung communicate with each other can be configured.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a medical heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1A.
- This heat exchanger accommodates a thin tube bundle 2 composed of a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes 1 for circulating cold / hot water as a heat medium liquid, seal members 3a to 3c sealing the thin tube bundle 2, and these
- the housing 4 is made up of.
- the plurality of heat transfer tubules 1 are arranged in parallel and stacked to form a tube bundle 2, and cold / hot water flows into the lumen of each heat transfer tubule 1.
- a blood flow path 5 having a circular cross section is formed in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the thin tube bundle 2 in the central seal member 3c, and functions as a heat exchange region for circulating blood as a heat exchange liquid.
- the blood passing through the blood flow path 5 comes into contact with the outer surface of each heat transfer thin tube 1 so that heat exchange is performed.
- the seal members 3 a and 3 b at both ends expose both ends of the thin tube bundle 2.
- the housing 4 has heat transfer thin tube headers facing the both ends of the thin tube bundle 2, that is, a cold / hot water introduction header 6 for introducing cold / hot water, and a cold / hot water extraction header 7 for discharging.
- the housing 4 is further provided with a blood inlet 8 and a blood outlet 9 positioned at the upper and lower ends of the blood channel 5.
- the cold / hot water inlet header 6 and the cold / hot water outlet header 7 are respectively provided with a cold / hot water inlet port 6a and a cold / hot water outlet port 7a.
- a gap 10 is provided between the seal members 3a to 3c, and a liquid discharge hole 11 corresponding to the gap 10 is provided in the housing 4.
- the cold / hot water introduction header 6 and the cold / hot water lead-out header 7 are flow chambers (upper flow compartments) that are empty chambers surrounding both ends of the thin tube bundle 2 exposed from the seal members 3a, 3b at both ends. 14a, lower flow compartment 14b, upper fluid compartment 15a, and lower fluid compartment 15b). Therefore, all of the cold / hot water introduced and led out flows through the flow chamber formed by the cold / hot water introduction header 6 and the cold / hot water lead-out header 7.
- blood is caused to flow from the blood introduction port 8 into the blood channel 5 and to flow out from the blood outlet port 9.
- cold / hot water is caused to flow from the cold / hot water introduction header 6 into the thin tube bundle 2 and to flow out from the cold / hot water outlet header 7.
- heat exchange is performed between blood and cold / hot water.
- leakage of the seal can be immediately detected by the liquid discharge hole 11, and the occurrence of blood contamination can be prevented. .
- the thin tube bundle 2 is divided into three stages of first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c each including three layers of heat transfer thin tubes 1, as shown in FIG. 1B. is there. That is, each of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c is configured by stacking the heat transfer thin tubes 1 in three layers.
- the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c are laminated to form the thin tube bundle 2.
- a spacer 13 is mounted between each stage of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c, and an interval of a predetermined length is provided.
- the cold / hot water introduction header 6 has an inner flow chamber divided into an upper flow compartment 14a and a lower flow compartment 14b by a partition wall 6b. End portions of the first and second thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b are arranged in the upper flow compartment 14a, and an end portion of the third thin tube bundle unit 12c is arranged in the lower flow compartment 14b. Further, the flow chamber inside the cold / hot water outlet header 7 is divided into an upper flow compartment 15a and a lower flow compartment 15b by a partition wall 7b. End portions of the first thin tube bundle unit 12a are arranged in the upper flow compartment 15a, and end portions of the second and third thin tube bundle units 12b and 12c are arranged in the lower flow compartment 15b.
- the cold / hot water introduced into the lower flow compartment 14b of the cold / hot water introduction header 6 from the cold / hot water introduction port 6a flows through the lumen of the heat transfer thin tube 1 of the third thin tube bundle unit 12c, and the lower part of the cold / hot water outlet header 7 It flows into the flow compartment 15b. Therefore, it further enters and flows into the heat transfer thin tubes 1 of the second thin tube bundle unit 12b and reaches the upper flow compartment 14a of the cold / hot water introduction header 6. Then, next, it enters and flows into the heat transfer thin tubes 1 of the first thin tube bundle unit 12a, reaches the upper flow compartment 15a of the cold / hot water outlet header 7, and flows out from the cold / hot water outlet port 7a.
- the cold / hot water introduction header 6 and the cold / hot water lead-out header 7 are configured such that the introduced cold / hot water sequentially passes through the three-stage third to first thin tube bundle units 12c to 12a.
- the configuration in which the cold / hot water thus introduced sequentially passes through the plurality of divided thin tube bundle units is referred to as a divided flow in the following description.
- a configuration in which the cold / hot water to be introduced flows into all the heat transfer thin tubes 1 in the cold / hot water introduction header 6 all at once is referred to as simultaneous flow.
- the cross-sectional area of the passage through which the cold / hot water passes is reduced. Therefore, if the flow rate of the cold / hot water is the same, the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a are compared to the case of the simultaneous flow.
- the flow rate of the cold / hot water flowing through each of the heat transfer thin tubes 1 to 12c can be increased. Thereby, the film resistance on the inner wall of the heat transfer thin tube 1 is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.
- the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by increasing the supply flow rate (flow velocity) from the cold / hot water supply source, but the flow rate of the cold / hot water supply source is increased on the medical facility side. That is actually difficult. Therefore, it is practically very effective to improve the heat exchange efficiency as in the present embodiment.
- a longitudinal (vertical) folded structure that is, a structure in which the thin tube bundle 2 is divided in the blood flow direction, that is, the vertical direction, to form a multistage thin tube bundle unit.
- the cold / hot water flows through the thin tube bundle unit 12b and the thin tube bundle unit 12a sequentially from the downstream thin tube bundle unit 12c arranged on the downstream side of the blood flow path 5 toward the upstream stage. Thereby, the flow of cold / hot water is countercurrent to the blood flow, which is effective for obtaining higher heat exchange efficiency.
- the “divided parallel flow” and “divided counterflow” in FIG. 2 indicate the divided flow according to the present embodiment.
- the “divided counterflow” is a case where the thin tube bundle is divided in the flow direction of the heat medium liquid as shown in FIG. 1B and set so that the heat medium liquid becomes a countercurrent.
- “Divided parallel flow” indicates a case where the division mode is the same, but the heat medium liquid is set to have a parallel flow in the same direction as the circulation of blood. In any case, the opening diameter of the blood channel 5 was 70 mm, and the number of layers of the heat transfer thin tube 1 was 12.
- FIG. 1B when the thin tube bundle 2 is divided in the vertical direction to form a multi-layer thin tube bundle unit, an appropriate number of thin tube bundle units and each thin tube bundle unit are formed.
- the result of having examined about the suitable number of layers of the heat-transfer thin tube 1 is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3A shows a case where the number of stages of the thin tube bundle unit is two, that is, the number of stages where the flow of the cold / warm water is folded back is two. The number))
- the measurement result of the heat exchange efficiency in the case of 4 layers, 5 layers, and 6 layers is shown.
- FIG. 3B shows the case where the number of stages of the folded thin tube bundle unit is three, and the heat exchange efficiency in the case where the heat transfer thin tubes constituting the thin tube bundle unit at each stage are two layers, three layers, and four layers.
- the measurement results are shown.
- ESA shown at the bottom of the horizontal axis is an effective membrane area (Effective Surface Area), and U is a flow rate of the heat medium. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the number of folded thin tube bundle units is higher in the case of three stages in (b) than in the case of two stages in (a).
- the number of folded thin tube bundle units is 3
- the number of layers of heat transfer thin tubes constituting the thin tube bundle unit is 2, that is, the case of the 2-2-2 layer at the left end of FIG.
- the heat exchange efficiency is slightly inferior to that in the case of 4 layers.
- the total number of heat transfer thin tubes in the three stages is six, and the heat exchange efficiency is sufficiently high compared to the two-stage and three-three layers having the corresponding number of heat transfer thin tube layers. can get.
- the same number of heat transfer thin tube layers means that the blood filling amount is about the same. Therefore, it can be seen that according to the configuration of the 2-2-2 layer, it is possible to improve the heat exchange efficiency while suppressing the blood filling amount.
- the cool / warm water introduction port 6a and the cool / warm water outlet port 7a can be distributed to both ends of the thin tube bundle 2, and the port layout has a good balance. is there.
- the housing 4 is divided and formed, for example, like the bottom of the housing and the top of the housing. . Further, the housing 4 may be configured to accommodate only the thin tube bundle 2 and the seal members 3 a to 3 c, and the cold / hot water introduction header 6 and the cold / hot water lead-out header 7 may be separated from the housing 4.
- the structure of the cold / hot water introduction header and the cold / hot water lead-out header in the case where the thin tube bundle unit has three stages is shown.
- a flow compartment corresponding to the one-stage thin tube bundle unit positioned at the upstream end or the downstream end is necessarily provided.
- a flow compartment is formed at least in the cold / hot water introduction header and the cold / hot water lead-out header.
- the flow compartment is partitioned in correspondence with the other two-stage thin tube bundle units.
- the introduction port and the outlet port are provided for the flow compartment corresponding to the one-stage thin tube bundle unit.
- the material constituting the heat transfer thin tube 1 is preferably a metal material such as stainless steel.
- a resin material such as a polycarbonate resin that is transparent and excellent in breakage resistance can be used.
- a resin material for forming the seal members 3a to 3c for example, a thermosetting resin such as a silicon resin, a polyurethane resin, or an epoxy resin can be used.
- a polyurethane resin and an epoxy resin are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent adhesion to a material (for example, a metal material) constituting the heat transfer thin tube 1 and a material constituting the housing 4.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C The medical heat exchanger according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1C as in the first embodiment.
- the present embodiment there is a longitudinal folding structure in which a plurality of thin tube bundle units are stacked in the blood flow direction, that is, in the vertical direction, between the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c.
- a configuration using the spacer 13 as a member for forming a gap will be described in detail.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description will not be repeated.
- the flow chamber of the cold / hot water introduction header 6 is divided into the upper flow compartment 14a and the lower flow compartment 14b by the partition wall 6b, Moreover, it is necessary to partition the flow chamber of the cold / hot water outlet header 7 into the upper flow compartment 15a and the lower flow compartment 15b by the partition 7b. For this purpose, it is desirable to form a gap with the spacer 13 between each stage of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c. This is because the flow chamber can be easily partitioned by arranging the end portions of the partition wall 6b and the partition wall 7b so as to correspond to the intervals between the respective stages of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c.
- FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing a configuration of a module in which a spacer is mounted between the thin tube bundle units.
- first and second thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b in the second step are extracted from the three thin tube bundle units.
- the dimensions in the vertical direction are enlarged with respect to FIG. 1B. In the other subsequent drawings, the vertical dimension is similarly enlarged.
- FIG. 4B is a front view of the module.
- each of the thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b binds a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes 1 by thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d arranged at four locations along the axial direction of the heat transfer thin tubes 1.
- the spacer 13 is mounted between the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d between the stages of the thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b.
- FIG. 5B is a front view thereof.
- a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes 1 (16 in the example of FIG. 5A) arranged in a row in parallel with each other are held by the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d to form a heat transfer thin tube group for one layer.
- the thin tube row holding members 16 a to 16 d are each formed in a strip shape that crosses the heat transfer thin tube 1, and are penetrated by the heat transfer thin tube 1.
- the heat transfer thin tube group having such a form can be formed by so-called insert molding in which resin is poured into a mold in which a plurality of heat transfer thin tubes 1 are arranged to form the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d.
- a plurality of thin tube receiving recesses 17 into which the heat transfer thin tubes 1 of other adjacent heat transfer thin tube groups can be fitted are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d.
- the thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b shown in FIG. 4A are formed by laminating three layers of heat transfer thin tube groups shown in FIG. 5A.
- the heat transfer thin tubes 1 constituting each heat transfer thin tube group are fitted into the thin tube receiving recesses 17 provided in the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d of other heat transfer thin tube groups adjacent in the vertical direction.
- the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d are alternately displaced for each layer adjacent in the vertical direction.
- the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d are arranged in pairs in the regions at both ends of the heat transfer thin tube 1.
- the narrow tube row holding members 16a and 16b are arranged close to one end side, and the thin tube row holding members 16c and 16d are placed close to each other.
- the gap 10 shown in FIG. 1B or the like is formed between the narrow tube row holding members 16b and 16d at both ends.
- a spacer 13 is mounted between the thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d to form an interval 18 (FIG. 4A) having a predetermined size.
- the spacer 13 includes interpolated portions 13a and 13b and a coupling portion 13c that couples the both.
- the spacers 13 are provided separately at both ends of the heat transfer thin tube 1 and are used in the form of a pair of separated spacers 13.
- the pair of spacers 13 are integrated with the connecting frame 19. In this way, handling in the manufacturing process becomes easy.
- a material of the spacer 13 for example, a polycarbonate resin can be used.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view showing a medical heat exchanger according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 7A.
- the shape of the DD cross section in FIG. 7A is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1C.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that an insertion member 20 is disposed between the stages of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c in the blood flow path 5, as shown in FIG. 7B. Accordingly, the same elements as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated.
- the spacers 13 are mounted between the multi-stage thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c to form a predetermined length interval between the respective stages, the cold / hot water is supplied in a desired order.
- a simple configuration in which the thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c are sequentially passed can be realized. Even when such a spacer 13 is used, in the region of the seal members 3a to 3c sealing the thin tube bundle 2, portions corresponding to the intervals between the respective stages are filled with the material of the seal members 3a to 3c. So there is no gap left.
- a gap corresponding to the interval 18 is formed between the stages of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c. Since this gap causes an increase in the amount of blood filled in the blood flow path 5, in this embodiment, the insertion member 20 is disposed in this gap as shown in FIG. 7B. By disposing the insertion member 20, it is possible to fill a part of the gap between the stages of the thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c, reduce the volume thereof, and suppress an increase in the blood filling amount.
- the insertion member 20 has a plurality of annular ribs 21 arranged concentrically, and extends radially in the radial direction of the annular rib 21. It consists of a connecting rib 22 that connects the two.
- the outermost annular rib 21 is supported by an annular frame 23, and a portion of the annular frame 23 is sealed in the seal members 3a to 3c. 8A corresponds to the gap 24 between the annular ribs 21.
- the blood flow path 5 penetrates the insertion member 20 at the gap 24, thereby ensuring the continuity of the flow path.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the insertion member 20.
- the annular rib 21 has an oval cross section whose minor axis is the direction of the blood flow path 5.
- the insertion member 20 In addition to the effect of reducing the blood filling rate in the blood channel 5 by arranging the insertion member 20 as in the present embodiment, it is provided between the stages of the first to third tubule bundle units 12a to 12c. Compared with the case where only the gap exists, there is also an effect that bubbles existing in the gap at the beginning can be easily removed. Heat exchange efficiency is also improved by removing the bubbles.
- the heat transfer thin tube 1 and the insertion member 20 can overlap.
- the shape of the insertion member 20 is set so as to be as small as possible. Constructing with concentric annular ribs 21 as shown in FIG. 8A was effective in keeping the balance between the reduction of blood filling amount and the maintenance of heat exchange efficiency within a satisfactory range.
- the insertion member 20 can be manufactured separately from the spacer 13, but can also be integrated with the spacer 13 as shown in FIG. 9.
- the pair of spacers 13 are integrated with the connecting frame 19, and the insertion member 20 is combined with the connecting frame 19.
- Such an integrated structure facilitates the work when assembling the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c integrally.
- the same material as the spacer 13 can be used for the insertion member 20.
- the insertion member 20b having the shape shown in FIG. 10B is arranged.
- the sample A is an ideal form, but the material cost becomes high.
- Samples B, C, and E were compared by setting the filling rate according to the volume of the insertion member to be the same.
- the insertion member 20a shown in FIG. 10A is configured only by radial ribs, and the insertion member 20b shown in FIG. 10B is configured only by linear ribs.
- the large decrease in the heat exchange efficiency coefficient is thought to be due to the large overlap between the insertion member and the heat transfer thin tube in terms of shape. That is, the intervening member blocks the blood flow and restricts the blood flow along the outer surface of the heat transfer thin tube.
- the basic configuration of the medical heat exchanger in the fourth embodiment is the same as that in the third embodiment. Therefore, the planar shape and the cross-sectional shape are the same as those shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 1C. It is the same.
- the feature of the present embodiment is that a separation structure in which the insertion member 20 and the spacer 13 are separated is adopted, and an improvement suitable for the separation structure is added. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same elements as in the third embodiment, and the description will not be repeated.
- the spacers 13 are separately disposed at both ends of the thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b.
- FIG. 12 shows a pair of spacers 13R and 13L separately disposed at both ends of the thin tube bundle units 12a and 12b.
- the spacer 13 By mounting the spacer 13, in the region within the blood flow path 5, a gap is formed between each stage of the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c.
- the insertion member 20 is disposed so as to fill the gap between the stages.
- the insertion member 20 Since the insertion member 20 is arranged between the steps, if it is integrated with the spacer 13, the operation when assembling integrally with the first to third thin tube bundle units 12 a to 12 c becomes easy. On the other hand, the separation structure in which the insertion member 20 and the spacer 13 are separated from each other is troublesome in assembling work, but also has an advantage.
- the insertion member 20 when the insertion member 20 is separated from the spacer 13, when the insertion member 20 is sealed with the seal members 3a to 3c in combination with the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c, the insertion member 20 is removed from the blood. A structure for positioning with respect to the flow path 5 is required.
- FIG. 13A is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a positioning structure of the insertion member 20.
- a laminated structure similar to that shown in FIG. 4A (however, including the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c for three stages) is shown.
- a spacer 13 is interposed between the upper and lower thin tube row holding members 16a to 16d, and a space is secured between the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c.
- the insertion member 20 is inserted into a region (see FIG. 7B) where the blood flow path 5 is formed by the seal members 3a to 3c.
- the insertion member 20 has a structure as shown in FIG. 8A, and a coupling portion 25 (see FIG. 13A) is formed on each annular ring frame 23.
- the insertion member 20 is inserted between the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c, and the coupling portions 25 of the upper and lower insertion members 20 are coupled to each other, as shown in FIG. It is possible to maintain the position of the insertion member 20 with respect to the thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c.
- the coupling portion 25 has a coupling protrusion 25a at the upper end and a coupling recess (not shown) at the lower end. By fitting the coupling protrusions 25a and the coupling recesses, the coupling portions 25 can be coupled to each other.
- FIG. 14A is a perspective view showing a frame body 26 which is a part of the housing.
- a unit in which the first to third thin tube bundle units 12a to 12c and the insertion member 20 are combined is mounted in the frame body 26 and sealed with a seal member.
- Positioning ribs 26 a are formed on the inner surface of the frame body 26.
- two positioning ribs 26a are provided in parallel.
- FIG. 14C shows a state where the insertion member 20 is positioned by the positioning rib 26a.
- the first thin tube bundle unit 12a is removed, and only the region of the heat transfer thin tube 1 and the seal members 3a to 3c are indicated by two-dot chain lines in the second thin tube bundle unit 12b.
- a plan view enlarging the periphery of the positioning rib 26a is shown in FIG. 14D.
- a positioning projection 27 is formed on the periphery of the insertion member 20 at a location facing the positioning rib 26a.
- the insertion member 20 is positioned with respect to the frame body 26 by engaging the positioning protrusion 27 between the two parallel positioning ribs 26a. Since the thin tube bundle unit 12b and the like are positioned with respect to the frame body 26, the relationship between the planar positions of the insertion member 20 and the thin tube bundle unit 12b and the like is eventually positioned.
- FIG. 15A shows a state in which the second thin tube bundle unit 12 b and the like and the insertion member 20 are mounted on the frame body 26.
- FIG. 14C shows the first thin tube bundle unit 12a is omitted, and the second thin tube bundle unit 12b is also schematically shown.
- the basic structure of the medical heat exchanger manufactured according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 14C, but the positioning structure of the insertion member 20 is different.
- a pair of crosspiece members 28 are attached to both sides of the insertion member 20.
- the crosspiece member 28 protrudes radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the annular frame 23 of the insertion member 20. That is, the fitting part 29 which has a fitting hole is provided in the outer peripheral surface of the annular frame 23, and the end of the crosspiece member 28 is fitted and hold
- FIG. 15A when the thin tube bundle unit 12b or the like is attached to the frame body 26, a pair of insertion members 20 is interposed between the thin tube row holding members, more precisely, between the thin tube row holding member 16c and the spacer 13. It arrange
- the insertion member 20 can be fixed in a properly positioned state.
- the pressing force by the crosspiece member 28 for holding the insertion member 20 between the thin tube row holding members can be sufficiently increased. Therefore, it is possible to reliably position the insertion member 20 against a large load acting in the sealing process.
- the structure in which the thin tube bundle unit 12b and the insertion member 20 are integrated can be formed before being attached to the frame body 26, the sealing operation is facilitated.
- the crosspiece member 28 is made of the same material as the seal members 3a to 3c. Therefore, after the sealing by the sealing members 3a to 3c is performed, the crosspiece member 28 is integrated with the sealing member 3c. Therefore, no separation occurs between the crosspiece member 28 and the seal member 3c, and there is no need to worry about blood leakage at that portion.
- the insertion member in the sealing process by the seal member, the insertion member can be reliably positioned with respect to the thin tube bundle unit, and blood leakage can be caused by the positioning structure after sealing. No manufacturing method can be realized.
- FIG. 16A is a plan view showing a heat exchanger in the sixth embodiment.
- 16B is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of FIG. 16A. Elements similar to those shown in FIG. 1A and the like of Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.
- the thin tube bundle 30 has a horizontal folded structure that is divided in the horizontal direction with respect to the flow direction of the blood flow path 5 that is the heat exchange flow path, that is, in the plane direction in the plan view of FIG.
- Two sets of thin tube bundle units 31a and 31b are formed and arranged horizontally.
- a predetermined space is provided between the thin tube bundle units 31a and 31b by a spacer (not shown).
- the housing 4 is provided with a cold / hot water inlet / outlet header 32 and a cold / hot water reflux header 33.
- the cold / hot water inlet / outlet header 32 has an inner flow chamber divided into an inlet chamber 34a and an outlet chamber 34b by a partition wall 32a.
- An end portion of the thin tube bundle unit 31a is disposed in the introduction chamber 34a, and an end portion of the thin tube bundle unit 31b is disposed in the lead-out chamber 34b.
- the cold / hot water introduction / extraction header 32 has a cold / hot water introduction port 32b communicating with the introduction chamber 34a and a cold / hot water lead-out port 32c communicating with the lead-out chamber 34b.
- the internal flow chamber is not divided, and an integral reflux chamber 35 is formed. End portions of the thin tube bundle units 31a and 31b are arranged in the reflux chamber 35.
- the cold / hot water introduced into the introduction chamber 34a from the cold / hot water introduction port 32b flows through the lumen of the heat transfer thin tube 1 of the thin tube bundle unit 31a and flows into the reflux chamber 35 of the cold / hot water reflux header 33. Therefore, it further enters and flows into the heat transfer thin tubes 1 of the thin tube bundle unit 31b, reaches the outlet chamber 34b, and flows out from the cold / hot water outlet port 32c.
- the cold / hot water introduction header 32 and the cold / hot water reflux header 33 are configured so that the cold / hot water to be introduced sequentially passes from one half of the thin tube bundle 30 to the other half. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, a divided flow configuration is obtained in which the cool / warm water to be introduced sequentially passes through the plurality of divided thin tube bundle units. Thereby, compared with the case of simultaneous flow, the flow rate of the cold / hot water flowing through the heat transfer thin tube 1 can be increased, the film resistance on the inner wall of the heat transfer thin tube 1 is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Can do.
- FIG. 17A is a plan view showing a heat exchanger in the seventh embodiment.
- 17B is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. 17A.
- Elements similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 16A and 16B of the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is not repeated.
- the thin tube bundle 36 has a horizontally folded structure as in the sixth embodiment. However, in the present embodiment, it is divided into three parts, a central thin tube bundle unit 37a and side thin tube bundle units 37b and 37c located on both sides thereof are formed and arranged horizontally. A predetermined space is provided between the central thin tube bundle unit 37a and each of the side thin tube bundle units 37b and 37c by a spacer (not shown).
- the housing 4 is provided with a cold / hot water inlet / outlet header 38 and a cold / hot water reflux header 39.
- the cold / hot water inlet / outlet header 38 has an inner flow chamber divided into a central inlet chamber 40a and outlet chambers 40b, 40c on both sides by partition walls 38a, 38b.
- the introduction chamber 40a the end of the central thin tube bundle unit 37a is disposed. End portions of the side thin tube bundle units 37b and 37c are arranged in the lead-out chambers 40b and 40c, respectively.
- the cold / hot water introduction / deletion header 38 has a cold / hot water introduction port 38c communicating with the introduction chamber 40a and cold / hot water extraction ports 38d, 38e communicating with the extraction chambers 40b, 40c.
- the cold / hot water reflux header 39 the flow chamber inside thereof is not divided, and an integral reflux chamber 41 is formed.
- the center thin tube bundle unit 37a and the end portions of the side thin tube bundle units 37b and 37c are arranged.
- the cold / hot water introduced into the introduction chamber 40a from the cold / hot water introduction port 38c flows through the lumen of the heat transfer thin tube 1 of the central thin tube bundle unit 37a and flows into the reflux chamber 41 of the cold / hot water reflux header 39. Then, it further enters and flows into the heat transfer thin tubes 1 of the side thin tube bundle units 37b and 37c, reaches the outlet chambers 40b and 40c, and flows out from the cold / hot water outlet ports 38d and 38e.
- the cold / hot water introduction header 38 and the cold / hot water reflux header 39 are configured so that the cold / hot water to be introduced sequentially passes from the center of the thin tube bundle 36 to both sides. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, a function of divided flow is obtained in which the cold / hot water to be introduced sequentially passes through the plurality of divided thin tube bundle units. Thereby, compared with the case of simultaneous flow, the flow rate of the cold / hot water flowing through the heat transfer thin tube 1 can be increased, the film resistance on the inner wall of the heat transfer thin tube 1 is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Can do.
- FIG. 18 shows the result of comparing the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger having the configuration shown in Embodiments 1 to 3 with the heat exchange coefficient of the simultaneous flow (no folding) configuration of the conventional example.
- Horizontal folding two divisions
- horizontal folding three divisions
- vertical folding corresponds to the configuration shown in the first embodiment.
- the opening diameter of the blood channel 5 was 70 mm
- the number of layers of the heat transfer thin tube 1 was 12.
- the heat exchange coefficients are improved by 7%, 11%, and 33% in the case of horizontal folding (two divisions), horizontal folding (three divisions), and vertical folding, respectively, compared to the case without folding. did.
- the heat exchange efficiency is clearly improved by the divided flow.
- the heat exchange efficiency is improved in the case of horizontal folding (three divisions) as compared to horizontal folding (two divisions). This is because the blood flow path 5 has a circular cross section, so that the heat exchange area is larger in the central portion of the thin tube bundle 36 than in the side portion, and the membrane area contributing to heat exchange is large.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the oxygenator according to the eighth embodiment.
- This oxygenator is configured by combining the heat exchanger 50 in Embodiment 3 with an oxygenator 51.
- the heat exchanger 50 instead of the heat exchanger 50, a configuration including any of the heat exchangers in the other embodiments described above may be employed.
- the heat exchanger 50 is stacked on the oxygenator 51, and the housing 4 of the heat exchanger 50 is coupled to the housing 52 of the oxygenator 51.
- a structure in which the housing 4 of the heat exchanger 50 and the housing 52 of the artificial lung 51 are integrally formed may be employed.
- a gas introduction path 53 for introducing oxygen gas and a gas lead-out path 54 for deriving carbon dioxide and the like in the blood are provided.
- the artificial lung 51 includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 55 and a seal member 56.
- the seal member 56 seals the hollow fiber membrane 55 so that blood does not enter the gas introduction path 53 and the gas outlet path 54. Sealing by the sealing member 56 is performed so that both ends of the hollow fiber constituting the hollow fiber membrane 55 are exposed.
- the gas introduction path 53 and the gas outlet path 54 are communicated with each other by a hollow fiber constituting the hollow fiber membrane 55.
- the space where the seal member 56 does not exist in the oxygenator 51 constitutes a cylindrical blood channel 57, and the hollow fiber membrane 55 is exposed in the blood channel 57. Further, the blood inlet side of the blood channel 57 communicates with the outlet side of the blood channel 5 of the heat exchanger 50.
- the blood introduced from the blood introduction port 8 and heat-exchanged through the blood channel 5 flows into the blood channel 57 where it contacts the hollow fiber membrane 55.
- oxygen gas flowing through the hollow fiber membrane 55 is taken into the blood.
- the blood in which the oxygen gas has been taken in is led to the outside from a blood outlet 58 provided in the housing 52 and returned to the patient.
- carbon dioxide in the blood is taken into the hollow fiber membrane 55 and is then led out by the gas lead-out path 54.
- the blood temperature is adjusted by the heat exchanger 50, and the blood whose temperature has been adjusted is gas-exchanged by the oxygenator 51.
- the blood whose temperature has been adjusted is gas-exchanged by the oxygenator 51.
- seal leakage can be detected, and contamination of blood by cold / hot water can be suppressed.
- the flow rate of the cold / hot water flowing through the heat transfer thin tube can be increased, so that the film resistance on the inner wall of the heat transfer thin tube is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved while suppressing the increase in the volume of the heat exchange region. It can be improved and is useful as a medical heat exchanger for use in an artificial lung device or the like.
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Abstract
Description
TBIN :血液流入側温度
TBOUT :血液流出側温度
TWIN :熱媒体(水)流入側温度
2、30、36、102 細管束
3a~3c、103a~103c シール部材
4、104 ハウジング
5、105 血液流路
6 冷温水導入ヘッダー
6a、32b、38c 冷温水導入ポート
6b、7b、32a、38a、38b 隔壁
7 冷温水導出ヘッダー
7a、32c、38d、38e 冷温水導出ポート
8、106 血液導入口
9、107 血液導出口
10、108 間隙
11、109 漏液排出孔
12a~12c 第1~第3細管束ユニット
13 スペーサ
13a、13b 間挿部
13c 結合部
14a、15a 上部流動分室
14b、15b 下部流動分室
16a~16d 細管列保持部材
17 細管受け凹部
18 間隔
19 連結枠
20、20a、20b 介挿部材
21 円環状リブ
22 接続リブ
23 円環枠
24 隙間
25 結合部
25a 結合突起
26 枠体
26a 位置決めリブ
27 位置決め突起
28 桟部材
29 嵌合部
31a、31b 細管束ユニット
32、38 冷温水導入出ヘッダー
33、39 冷温水還流ヘッダー
34a、40a 導入室
34b、40b、40c 導出室
35、41 還流室
37a 中央部細管束ユニット
37b、37c 側部細管束ユニット
50 熱交換器
51 人工肺
52 ハウジング
53 ガス導入路
54 ガス導出路
55 中空糸膜
56 シール部材
57 血液流路
58 血液導出口
図1Aは、実施の形態1における医療用熱交換器を示す平面図である。図1Bは、図1AのA-A断面図、図1Cは図1AのB-B断面図である。この熱交換器は、熱媒体液として冷温水を流通させるための複数本の伝熱細管1から構成された細管束2と、細管束2を封止したシール部材3a~3cと、それらを収容したハウジング4とから構成されている。
実施の形態2における医療用熱交換器について、実施の形態1と同様、図1A~図1Cを参照して説明する。本実施の形態では、血液の流通方向すなわち縦方向に複数段の細管束ユニットが積層された縦方向折り返し構造を有する場合であって、第1~第3細管束ユニット12a~12cの各段間に間隔を形成するための部材として、スペーサ13を用いた構成について詳述する。他の構成は、実施の形態1の場合と同様であり、説明の繰り返しを省略する。
図7Aは、実施の形態3における医療用熱交換器を示す平面図である。図7Bは、図7AのC-C断面図である。図7AにおけるD-D断面の形状は、図1Cに示した実施の形態1の場合と同様である。本実施の形態の特徴は、図7Bに示すように、血液流路5内の第1~第3細管束ユニット12a~12cの各段間に、介挿部材20が配置されたことである。従って、実施の形態1及び2の場合と同様の要素については同一の参照符号を付して、説明の繰り返しを省略する。
(A)介挿部材として細管束ユニットの段間に伝熱細管1を配置(冷温水は流さない)
(B)図9に示した本実施の形態の介挿部材20を配置
(C)図10Aに示す形状の介挿部材20aを配置
(D)介挿部材を配置せずに間隙のまま残したもの
(E)図10Bに示す形状の介挿部材20bを配置
サンプルAは、理想的な形態であるが、材料コストが高くなる。サンプルB、C、Eについては、介挿部材の体積による充填率が同一になるように設定して比較を行った。図10Aに示す介挿部材20aは、径方向のリブのみで構成したもの、図10Bに示す介挿部材20bは、直線状のリブのみで構成したものである。
実施の形態4における医療用熱交換器の基本構成は、実施の形態3の場合と同様であり、従って、その平面形状及び断面形状は、図7A、図7B、図1Cに示されたものと同様である。本実施の形態の特徴は、介挿部材20とスペーサ13とを別体とした分離構造を採用し、それに適した改良を加えたことである。従って、実施の形態3の場合と同様の要素については同一の参照符号を付して、説明の繰り返しを省略する。
実施の形態5における医療用熱交換器の構成及びその製造方法について、図15A及び図15Bを参照して説明する。図15Aは、第2細管束ユニット12b等及び介挿部材20が、枠体26に装着された状態を示す。図14Cと同様、第1細管束ユニット12aが省略され、第2細管束ユニット12bも概略的に示されている。本実施の形態により製造される医療用熱交換器の基本構造は、図14Cに示した熱交換器と概ね同様であるが、介挿部材20の位置決め構造が相違する。
図16Aは、実施の形態6における熱交換器を示す平面図である。図16Bは、図16AのE-E断面図である。実施の形態1の図1A等に示した要素と同様の要素については、同一の参照符号を付して、説明の繰り返しを省略する。
図17Aは、実施の形態7における熱交換器を示す平面図である。図17Bは、図17AのF-F断面図である。実施の形態6の図16A、図16Bに示した要素と同様の要素については、同一の参照符号を付して、説明の繰り返しを省略する。
図19は、実施の形態8における人工肺装置を示す断面図である。この人工肺装置は、実施の形態3における熱交換器50を人工肺51と組み合わせて構成されている。但し、熱交換器50に代えて、上述の他の実施の形態における熱交換器のいずれかを備えた構成とすることもできる。
Claims (24)
- 内腔に熱媒体液を流通させるための複数本の伝熱細管を配列し積層して形成された細管束と、
前記伝熱細管の両端を露出させるとともに、前記伝熱細管の各々の外表面に接触するように血液を通過させる血液流路を形成して前記細管束を封止したシール部材と、
前記シール部材及び前記細管束を収容するとともに、前記血液流路の両端に各々位置する血液の導入口及び導出口が設けられたハウジングと、
前記細管束の両端部をそれぞれ包囲する流動室を形成し、前記熱媒体液の導入ポート及び導出ポートを有する一対の伝熱細管ヘッダーとを備えた医療用熱交換器において、
前記細管束は、各々が複数本の前記伝熱細管を含む複数組の細管束ユニットに分割され、
前記伝熱細管ヘッダーは、導入される前記熱媒体液が、前記複数組の細管束ユニットを順次通過するように構成されたことを特徴とする医療用熱交換器。 - 前記細管束は前記血液流路の流通方向において分割されて、各々が複数本の前記伝熱細管を含む複数段の前記細管束ユニットの積層構造が形成されている請求項1に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記熱媒体液が、前記血液流路の下流側に配置された下流段の前記細管束ユニットから上流側に配置された上流段の前記細管束ユニットに向かって順次通過するように、前記伝熱細管ヘッダーが構成された請求項2に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記細管束は、3段の前記細管束ユニットに分割された請求項2または3に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 各段の前記細管束ユニットを構成する前記伝熱細管の総数が2層または3層である請求項4に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記血液流路は、周囲を前記シール部材で封止された円筒状に形成されている請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記複数段の細管束ユニットの段間にはスペーサが装着されて、各段間に所定の間隔が設けられ、
少なくとも一方の前記流動室は、前記間隔に対応させて設けられた隔壁により複数の流動分室に区画されて、前記導入ポートから流入する前記熱媒体液が、いずれかの前記流動分室を経由して前記複数段の細管束ユニットを順次通過し、他のいずれかの前記流動分室を経由して前記導出ポートから流出するように流路が形成された請求項2に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記スペーサは、前記血液流路を挟む両側の前記シール部材で封止された領域にそれぞれ配置されて一対を成している請求項7に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記一対のスペーサは、互いに連結されて一体を成している請求項8に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記細管束ユニットは、複数本の前記伝熱細管の配列状態を保持する細管列保持部材を有し、
前記スペーサは、隣接する前記細管束ユニットの段間で対向する前記細管列保持部材の間に装着されている請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記流動室は、前記血液流路の上流端または下流端に位置する1段の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室と、他の2段毎の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室に区画され、
前記導入ポートおよび前記導出ポートは、前記1段の細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室に対して設けられている請求項7に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記細管束ユニットは3段に構成され、
前記伝熱細管ヘッダーの一方は、前記血液流路の上流端に位置する1段の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室、及び下流側の2段の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室を有し、
前記伝熱細管ヘッダーの他方は、前記血液流路の下流端に位置する1段の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室、及び上流側の2段の前記細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室を有し、
前記導入ポートは前記下流端の細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室に設けられ、前記導出ポートは、前記上流端の細管束ユニットに対応する前記流動分室に設けられている請求項11に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記血液流路内の領域中で、前記細管束ユニット間の前記間隔により形成された間隙に、その容積の一部を埋めるように介挿部材が配置され、前記介挿部材は前記血液流路と連通する流路を有する請求項7に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記介挿部材は、同心円状に配列された複数本の円環リブと、前記円環リブの径方向に放射状に延在し、各々の前記円環リブ間を接続する接続リブとを備えた請求項13に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記円環リブは、前記血液流路の方向を短軸とする楕円形の断面形状を有する請求項14に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記スペーサは、前記血液流路を挟む両側の前記封止された領域にそれぞれ配置されて一対を成しており、
前記スペーサと前記介挿部材とは、互いに異なる部材からなる請求項13に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記細管束ユニットの各段間に配置された複数の前記介挿部材を、前記細管束の側縁部で結合する結合部を備えた請求項16に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記細管束の側縁部に配置された位置決め部材を備え、
前記細管束ユニットの各段間に配置された複数の前記介挿部材は、周縁の一部に前記位置決め部材と係合する係合部を有し、その係合により、前記細管束に対して位置決めされている請求項16に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記位置決め部材は、前記ハウジングの内壁に形成されている請求項18に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記細管束は、両端部に配置された細管列保持部材により前記伝熱細管の配列状態が保持され、
前記スペーサは、隣接する前記細管束の段間で対向する前記細管列保持部材の間に装着され、
前記シール部材と同一の材料からなり、一対の前記細管列保持部材と前記介挿部材の間に配置された一対の桟部材を更に備え、
前記桟部材は、前記介挿部材及び一対の前記細管列保持部材に当接するとともに、前記シール部材中に封止されている請求項16に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 前記細管束は前記血液流路の流通方向に対する横方向において分割されて、前記複数組の細管束ユニットが形成された請求項1に記載の医療用熱交換器。
- 前記血液流路は円形断面を有し、
前記細管束は前記血液流路の流通方向に対する横方向において3分割されて、中央部細管束ユニット、及びその両側に位置する側部細管束ユニットが形成され、
前記熱媒体液が熱交換面積の大きい前記中央部細管束ユニットを先に通過して、次に前記側部細管束ユニットを通過するように、前記伝熱細管ヘッダーが構成された請求項21に記載の医療用熱交換器。 - 請求項1に記載の医療用熱交換器を製造する方法であって、
前記伝熱細管の配列状態を保持する細管列保持部材を用いて前記細管束ユニットを形成する細管束ユニット形成工程と、
複数の前記細管束ユニットを、各段間の両端部にスペーサを配置し、かつ前記細管束ユニットの中央部の各段間には前記細管束ユニット間の間隙の一部を埋める介挿部材を介在させて積層して細管束モジュールを形成する細管束モジュール形成工程と、
前記細管束の両端を露出させるとともに、前記介挿部材を含む領域に前記血液流路を形成し、前記介挿部材は前記血液流路と連通する流路を有するように、前記細管束モジュールを前記シール部材により封止する封止工程とを含み、
前記細管束モジュール形成工程では、前記シール部材と同一の材料からなる桟部材を、一対の前記細管列保持部材と前記介挿部材の間にそれぞれに当接するように配置することにより、前記介挿部材を前記細管列保持部材間に保持させ、
前記封止工程では、前記桟部材を前記シール部材中に封止することを特徴とする医療用熱交換器の製造方法。 - 請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の熱交換器と、
ガス流路と交差してガス交換を行うための血液流路を有する人工肺とを備え、
前記熱交換器と前記人工肺とは積層されて、前記熱交換器の前記血液流路と前記人工肺の前記血液流路が連通している人工肺装置。
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US12/864,356 US8609022B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-22 | Medical heat exchanger, manufacturing method thereof and artificial lung device |
CA2712907A CA2712907C (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-22 | Medical heat exchanger, manufacturing method thereof and artificial lung device |
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EP09704598A EP2243503A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-01-22 | Medical heat exchanger, manufacturing method thereof and artificial lung device |
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JP2010284196A (ja) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-12-24 | Jms Co Ltd | 医療用熱交換器及びその製造方法並びに人工肺装置 |
WO2017135358A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | 株式会社ジェイ・エム・エス | フィルタ内蔵型人工肺 |
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CN101865574B (zh) * | 2010-06-21 | 2013-01-30 | 三花控股集团有限公司 | 换热器 |
WO2019189055A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | 国立大学法人島根大学 | 中空糸膜型人工肺 |
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