WO2009093512A1 - シール構造 - Google Patents
シール構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009093512A1 WO2009093512A1 PCT/JP2009/050439 JP2009050439W WO2009093512A1 WO 2009093512 A1 WO2009093512 A1 WO 2009093512A1 JP 2009050439 W JP2009050439 W JP 2009050439W WO 2009093512 A1 WO2009093512 A1 WO 2009093512A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seal
- abradable
- axial direction
- film
- fin
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/445—Free-space packings with means for adjusting the clearance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
- F16J15/453—Labyrinth packings characterised by the use of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seal structure used for a rotating shaft portion of a rotating machine.
- the labyrinth seal structure includes a fin that protrudes in a ring shape on a rotating shaft or a stationary portion that faces the rotating shaft, and a plurality of fins that are provided along the axial direction, and a surface (facing surface) that faces the fin.
- the fins are processed with a pointed tip of about 0.2mm in order to mitigate the effects of contact with the opposing surfaces.
- they are essentially metal-to-metal contacts, the amount of heat generated during sliding is heavy. May cause shaft vibration, and the clearance between the fin and the facing surface cannot be easily narrowed.
- the sealing performance in other words, the performance of the rotating machine is determined by the number of fins and the clearance between the fin and the facing surface, to improve the performance of the rotating machine, it is necessary to reduce the clearance between the fin and the facing surface. It has been demanded.
- an active clearance control (ACC) seal is applied, and the clearance changes using a differential pressure between a transition period at startup and a rated operation.
- an abradable portion that is easily cut is applied to the contact surface of the stationary portion facing the fin to reduce heat generation during contact.
- Rotating machines are generally designed so that the rotating shaft rotates at a constant rotational speed in the rated rotational speed range.
- the speed range where the vibration level of the rotating shaft reaches its maximum while the rotational speed is increasing soon after startup (hereinafter referred to as the critical speed). There is an area).
- the rotating shaft reaches the rated rotational speed range through this critical speed range.
- the stationary part may be deformed unevenly due to the temperature difference at the time of start-up, and the clearance may be transiently minimized due to the difference in thermal expansion between the upper and lower sides.
- the abradable material has a great merit in designing the clearance, and various materials are known as the abradable material.
- a member such as a turbine member that requires a uniform film thickness with a ring shape
- coating (film) of an abradable material by inner diameter spraying is considered effective.
- the sprayed semi-molten particles adhere to the base material (opposite surface of the fin) and then shrink when solidified, resulting in the generation of residual stress.
- This residual stress increases as the film becomes thicker.
- the film peels off at the boundary between the substrate and the film (boundary peeling occurs). This becomes remarkable especially when constructing on a curved surface like a ring member of a turbine.
- the present invention provides a seal structure in which a thick abradable film can be obtained, thereby improving the sealing performance.
- the present invention employs the following means. That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, the seal member includes at least one fin that protrudes in a ring shape from the peripheral surface of the rotating member and is provided along the axial direction, and an annular seal surface that faces the fin. And a seal member formed with an abradable film sprayed with an abradable material, and a seal structure in which an inclined portion inclined in the radial direction is provided at an axial end portion of the seal surface. .
- the abradable film of the inclined portion is inclined along the shape of the inclined portion, that is, in the radial direction. Formed into a shape. Therefore, since the abradable film formed on the inclined part is laminated in a different direction from the abradable film formed on the intermediate part in the axial direction, the abradable film has a structure in which the lamination direction changes in the inclined part. Become. When the laminating direction of the abradable film is changed, the acting directions of the residual stress are different from each other, so that the influence can be divided.
- the influence of the intermediate portion in the axial direction can be separated, it is possible to effectively suppress boundary peeling at the inclined portion which is an end portion that is particularly easily peeled off. Therefore, even if there is a large residual stress, the occurrence of boundary peeling can be suppressed, so that the thickness of the abradable film can be increased. If the film thickness of the abradable film can be increased, for example, the clearance between the fin and the seal surface (in other words, the abradable film surface) in the rated rotational speed range can be set small, so that the sealing performance of the seal structure is improved. Can do. Thereby, the reliability improvement and performance improvement of a rotary machine can be aimed at, for example.
- the inclined portion is provided in a range that does not affect the sealing action and the film thickness of the abradable film is made thin. In this way, since the residual stress in the inclined portion can be further reduced, the thickness of the abradable film at the axially intermediate portion that performs the sealing action can be further increased.
- an inclination part you may chamfer an edge part, for example, and you may form a bank-like convex part in the fin side. Further, it may be formed in a flat shape or a curved shape.
- the said aspect WHEREIN It is preferable that the unevenness
- the side surface of the unevenness becomes parallel to the spraying direction and contributes to weakening the adhesion of the coating. It is desirable to incline appropriately in the direction so as to have an appropriate angle with respect to the spraying direction.
- the end surface of the seal member in the axial direction is masked at a distance from the seal surface to form the abradable film.
- the masking since the masking does not engage with the interface between the seal surface and the abradable film, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of microcracks due to the masking at this interface.
- this microcrack is eliminated, it is no longer a starting point for peeling, so that the occurrence of peeling can be further suppressed. Thereby, the film thickness of an abradable membrane
- the said sealing member may be comprised by the division
- the circumferential end portion of the split seal member is formed by cutting off the abradable film by machining from the abradable film side toward the seal surface after the abradable film is overlaid. It is preferable.
- the abradable film In order to maintain the desired film thickness of the abradable film up to the circumferential end of the divided seal member, it is necessary to increase the abradable film beyond the circumferential end to some extent, that is, to perform extra-scaling. Since the extra-filled portion becomes an obstacle during assembly, it is cut out by machining. In this case, since the surplus portion is cut by machining from the abradable film side to the seal surface side, no force acts on the abradable film in a direction away from the seal surface. In this way, since no force acts in the direction of peeling the abradable film during machining, peeling (cracking) of the abradable film by machining can be suppressed. Thereby, the thickness of the abradable film can be increased without being restricted by machining. As the machining, for example, file grinding, lathe processing or the like is used.
- the abradable material preferably contains a resin material.
- the resin material is contained in the abradable material, after the abradable film is formed by thermal spraying, the resin material portion can be removed by heat treatment.
- the abradable film has a porous structure, the amount of heat generated by sliding when the abradable film comes into contact with the fins can be reduced.
- the hardness and porosity of the abradable film can be adjusted by adjusting the content of the resin material. If the resin material part is removed, the contact area between the abradable film and the seal surface decreases, the adhesive strength between them decreases, and peeling may occur. It is necessary to be within a range that does not cause such a situation. Further, an abradable film and an undercoat that improves the adhesion of the seal surface may be applied to the seal surface in order to compensate for the decrease in adhesive strength.
- the thickness of the abradable film can be increased to, for example, 3 mm or more without peeling.
- the clearance between the fin and the seal surface (in other words, the abradable film surface) in the rated rotational speed region can be set small, the seal performance can be improved.
- the reliability improvement and performance improvement of a rotary machine can be aimed at, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a seal structure 1 according to this embodiment.
- the seal structure 1 includes a plurality of fins 5 protruding in a ring shape on the peripheral surface of a rotating shaft (rotating member) 3 and a donut shape that is held by a stationary part 7 such as a housing so as to cover the outer peripheral side of the fins 5. And a sealing member 9 having the above structure.
- the plurality of fins 5 are installed at intervals along the axial direction L.
- the fin 5 is integrated with the rotating shaft 3 and formed by cutting.
- the fins 5 may be formed separately from the rotating shaft 3 and fixed to the rotating shaft 3 by means such as implantation.
- the seal member 9 has a substantially rectangular cross section along the axial direction L.
- the end faces 11 on both sides in the axial direction L of the seal member 9 are provided with fitting grooves 13 extending over substantially the entire circumference.
- a circumferential groove 15 is provided on the inner surface of the stationary portion 7 so as to extend over substantially the entire circumference.
- a projecting portion 17 projecting inward of the circumferential groove 15 is provided at an inner circumferential side end of the circumferential groove 15 so as to extend over substantially the entire circumference.
- the seal member 9 is fitted into the circumferential groove 15 so that the fitting groove 13 engages with the protruding portion 17, and is held by the stationary portion 7.
- the seal member 9 may be configured so that the position in the radial direction K can be adjusted.
- a seal surface 19 which is a surface on the inner peripheral side of the seal member 9 is positioned so as to face the fin 5.
- a taper portion (inclined portion) 21 that is largely chamfered is provided at the end in the axial direction L of the seal member 9.
- the radial direction K position of the end portion in the axial direction L of the taper portion 21 is positioned on the outer peripheral side as compared with that on the central side. That is, the taper portion 21 is inclined in the radial direction K.
- a plurality of, for example, three, protruding portions 23 extending in the axial direction L are provided at an intermediate portion in the axial direction L of the seal member 9 and projecting toward the inner peripheral side. . Therefore, the sealing surface 19 is uneven along the axial direction L.
- An abradable layer (abradable film) 25 formed by spraying an abradable material is formed on the seal surface 19 with a substantially uniform film thickness T1 over substantially the entire surface.
- the side surface portion of the convex portion 23 is provided with a convex portion inclined portion 24 that is appropriately inclined in the radial direction so as to have an appropriate angle with respect to the spraying direction.
- the abradable layer 25 is formed along the seal surface 19, the abradable layer 25 is formed discontinuously along the axial direction L. That is, the tapered portion 21 is inclined in the radial direction K, and the convex portion 23 is in an uneven state in the intermediate portion in the axial direction L. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the film thickness T2 of the abradable layer 25 in the taper portion 21 is made thinner than the film thickness T1 in other portions.
- a bank-like protrusion (inclined portion) 31 as shown in FIG. 4 may be provided at the end in the axial direction L of the seal member 9 instead of the tapered portion 21.
- the abradable layer 25 is formed discontinuously along the axial direction L at the protrusion 31.
- the film thickness T2 of the abradable layer 25 in the protrusion part 31 is made thinner than the film thickness T1 in other parts.
- the seal member 9 is composed of a plurality of, for example, six divided seal members 27 divided in the circumferential direction C.
- the number to be divided is appropriately determined in consideration of various conditions such as the size of the seal member 9, the manufacturing equipment, the structure of the rotating machine, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the split seal member 27.
- a circumferential end surface 29 is provided at the end in the circumferential direction C of the split seal member 27 so as to extend in the radial direction K.
- the seal member 9 may be formed as an integral unit instead of assembling the split seal member 27.
- the manufacture of the seal member 9 in the seal structure 1 configured as described above will be described.
- the main body of the split seal member 27 is processed into a shape as shown in FIG. 2 by, for example, machining. This processing is performed as follows, for example. A long plate is cut into a predetermined length and width.
- the sealing surface 19 is cut so that the convex portion 23 remains, and the fitting groove 13 and the tapered portion 21 are processed in the end surface 11. Thereafter, bending is performed so as to form an arc having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- an abradable layer 25 is formed on the seal surface 19.
- masking 33 is performed so that a sprayed coating is not formed on the end face 11, and a blasting process is performed for making a base before spraying.
- the end of the masking 33 on the seal surface 19 side is spaced from the seal surface 19. This interval is set to 2 to 3 mm, for example.
- an abradable material is sprayed onto the seal surface 19 using atmospheric pressure plasma spraying (APS).
- the abradable material mainly comprises a metal component including cobalt, nickel, chromium, aluminum, yttrium (hereinafter referred to as CoNiCrAlY), boron nitride (h-BN) as a solid lubricant, and polyester (for controlling porosity) ( A material containing a resin material) is used. Note that this is an example of an abradable material, and materials can be used as appropriate.
- Thermal spraying was performed over a long period of time in order to reduce the melting amount as much as possible, and was set with an appropriate current-voltage so that the adhesion could be maintained. Thereby, the residual stress in the abradable layer 25 can be reduced.
- the melted abradable material is rapidly cooled, solidified and contracted at the moment when it adheres to the seal surface 19. For this reason, residual stress is generated in the formed abradable layer 25.
- the abradable layer 25 is formed discontinuously along the axial direction L by the taper portion 21 and the convex portion 23 in the abradable layer 25, the acting directions of the residual stress are different from each other, and the influence thereof. Can be divided.
- the abradable layers 25 having different thicknesses are provided. Formed and visually inspected for the presence of boundary delamination. This situation is shown in Table 1.
- the influence of the intermediate portion in the axial direction can be separated by the taper portion 21 particularly at the end portion where the residual stress tends to concentrate, boundary peeling can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, in the taper part 21, since the film thickness of the abradable layer 25 is made smaller than other parts, the generated residual stress can be further reduced. Thereby, the film thickness of the abradable layer 25 of the part which performs a sealing effect can be made still thicker.
- the convex portion 23 may not be formed, for example, when the length along the axial direction L of the intermediate portion in the axial direction L is short or when the required film thickness is thin.
- the film thickness T1 of the abradable layer 25 can be increased, for example, the clearance between the fin 5 and the abradable layer 25 in the rated rotational speed region can be set small, so that the sealing performance of the seal structure 1 is improved. be able to. Thereby, the reliability improvement and performance improvement of a rotary machine can be aimed at, for example.
- the masking 33 on the seal surface 19 side since the end of the masking 33 on the seal surface 19 side is spaced from the seal surface 19, the masking 33 does not engage with the interface between the seal surface 19 and the abradable layer 25. For this reason, generation
- the coating is raised beyond the circumferential end face 29 as shown in FIG.
- This surplus portion 35 is cut off by machining, for example, file grinding, lathe machining, or the like, in a machining direction 37 from the abradable layer 25 side toward the seal surface 19 side.
- the processing surface 39 is inclined slightly inward from the extension surface 41 of the circumferential end surface 29. This inclination is, for example, such that the position of the surface end portion of the processed surface 39 is separated from the extended surface 41 within 0.05 mm.
- the polyester contained in the abradable layer 25 disappears due to the amount of heat. Thereby, since the abradable layer 25 becomes a porous structure, the amount of sliding heat generated when contacting the fin 5 can be reduced.
- the porosity of the abradable layer 25 can be adjusted by adjusting the polyester content.
- a sliding test was performed in which a test piece 47 having a fin 45 attached to the tip of a rotating rotor 43 and an abradable film 49 applied to the tip was brought into contact with the fin 45 at a constant feed rate.
- Test conditions were as follows: test temperature: 550 ° C., peripheral speed of rotor 43: 70 m / S, feed speed of test piece 47: 10 ⁇ m / S: feed amount: 0.5 mm.
- abradable film 49 having a porosity of 0%, about 15%, and about 40% was used. Note that a 12Cr steel test piece is used as a criterion for the amount of heat generated. Then, the temperature near the tip of the test piece at the time of sliding, the drag force, and the cutting force were obtained by a 3-component force sensor, and the heat generation amount was calculated from the average cutting force at the time of sliding.
- the polyester portion is removed, the contact area between the abradable layer 25 and the seal surface 19 is reduced, the adhesive strength between the two is reduced, and peeling may occur. It is necessary to keep it in a range that does not cause a serious situation. Further, an undercoat for improving the adhesion between the abradable layer 25 and the seal surface 19 may be applied to the seal surface 19 in order to compensate for a decrease in the adhesive strength.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
シール性能、言い換えると回転機械の性能は、フィンの数およびフィンと対向面とのクリアランスで決定されるので、回転機械の性能を向上させるには、フィンと対向面とのクリアランスを低減することが求められている。たとえば、特許文献1では、アクティブクリアランスコントロール(ACC)シールを適用し、起動時の過渡期と定格運転時とで差圧を利用してクリアランスが変化する構造としている。また、特許文献2では、静止部のフィンとの対向面の接触面に安易に切削されるアブレーダブル部分を適用し、接触時の発熱の低減を図っている。
したがって、十分な厚さの皮膜を形成することが現実的に困難である。このため、安全性を重視し、定格回転速度域でのクリアランスを広げ、シール性能を制限せざるを得ないのが現状である。
すなわち、本発明の一態様は、回転部材の周面からリング状に突出し、軸線方向に沿って少なくとも1個設けられたフィンと、該フィンに対向する環状のシール面を有し、該シール面にアブレーダブル材を溶射したアブレーダブル皮膜が形成されているシール部材と、を備えるシール構造であって、前記シール面の軸線方向端部に半径方向に傾斜した傾斜部が備えられているシール構造である。
したがって、傾斜部に形成されるアブレーダブル皮膜は、軸線方向中間部分に形成されるアブレーダブル皮膜とは異なる方向に積層されることになるので、アブレーダブル皮膜は、積層方向が傾斜部において変化する組織構造となる。
アブレーダブル皮膜の積層方向が変化すると、残留応力の作用方向が相互に異なることになるので、その影響を分断することができる。
アブレーダブル皮膜の膜厚を厚くできると、たとえば、定格回転速度域におけるフィンとシール面(言い換えると、アブレーダブル皮膜面)とのクリアランスを小さく設定することができるので、シール構造のシール性能を向上させることができる。
これにより、たとえば、回転機械の信頼性向上および性能向上を図ることができる。
このようにすると、傾斜部における残留応力を一層低減させることができるので、シール作用を行う軸線方向中間部分のアブレーダブル皮膜の膜厚を一層厚くすることができる。
なお、傾斜部としては、たとえば、端部を面取りして形成してもよいし、フィン側に土手状の凸部を形成してもよい。また、平面状に形成しても、曲面状に形成してもよい。
このようにすると、軸線方向中間部分においてアブレーダブル皮膜の積層方向が変化するので、残留応力の影響を分断することができる。
したがって、軸線方向中間部分のアブレーダブル皮膜に作用する残留応力を低減することができるので、アブレーダブル皮膜の膜厚を一層厚くすることができる。
これは、たとえば、軸線方向中間部分の軸線方向の長さが長い場合に特に有効である。
なお、軸線方向中間部分における凹凸が軸線方向に対して直角の場合、凹凸の側面部が溶射方向に対して平行となり皮膜の密着力を弱める一因となってしまうため、凹凸の側面部は半径方向に適度に傾斜させて、溶射方向に対して適度な角度を有するようにしておくことが望ましい。
このようにすると、マスキングがシール面とアブレーダブル皮膜との界面に係合しなくなるので、この界面におけるマスキングによる微視き裂の発生を防止することができる。
この微視き裂がなくなると、剥離の起点となることがなくなるので、剥離の発生をより抑制することができる。これにより、アブレーダブル皮膜の膜厚を一層厚くすることができる。
このようにすると、シール部材は分割シール部材を製造した後で、それらを組み立てて製造することができるので、たとえば、大型のシール部材であっても製造設備の巨大化を抑制することができる。
この余盛された余盛部は、組み立ての際邪魔になるので、機械加工によって切除される。この場合、余盛部は、アブレーダブル皮膜側からシール面側に向けた機械加工によって切除されるので、アブレーダブル皮膜にシール面から離れる方向に力が作用しない。
このように、機械加工中にアブレーダブル皮膜を剥離する方向に力が作用しないので、機械加工によるアブレーダブル皮膜の剥離(割れ)を抑制することができる。これにより、機械加工に制約されずにアブレーダブル皮膜の厚膜化を行うことができる。
なお、機械加工としては、たとえば、ヤスリ研削、旋盤加工等が用いられる。
これによりアブレーダブル皮膜は多孔質組織となるので、アブレーダブル皮膜がフィンと接触した際の摺動発熱量を低減することができる。
樹脂製材料の含有率を調節することによって、アブレーダブル皮膜の硬度および気孔率を調節することができる。なお、樹脂製材料の部分が取り除かれると、アブレーダブル皮膜とシール面との接触面積が減少して両者の接着力が低下し、剥離が発生することも考えられるので、樹脂製材料の含有率はそのような事態とならない範囲に収めることが必要である。また、接着力の低下を補うためにシール面にアブレーダブル皮膜およびシール面の密着性を向上するアンダーコートを施工するようにしてもよい。
このため、定格回転速度域におけるフィンとシール面(言い換えると、アブレーダブル皮膜面)とのクリアランスを小さく設定することができるので、シール性能を向上させることができる。
これにより、たとえば、回転機械の信頼性向上および性能向上を図ることができる。
3 回転軸
5 フィン
9 シールリング
11 端面
19 シール面
21 テーパ部
23 凸部
24 凸部傾斜部
25 アブレーダブル層
27 分割シール部材
29 周方向端面
31 突起部
33 マスキング
35 余盛部
C 周方向
K 半径方向
L 軸線方向
図1は、本実施形態にかかるシール構造1の縦断面図である。
複数のフィン5は、軸線方向Lに沿って間隔を空けて設置されている。フィン5は、回転軸3と一体で、削り出しによって形成されている。
なお、フィン5は、回転軸3とは別体で形成し、回転軸3に、たとえば、植え込む等の手段によって固定するようにしてもよい。
静止部7の内面には、周溝15が略全周に亘り延在するように設けられている。周溝15の内周側端部には、周溝15の内側に突出する突出部17が略全周に亘り延在するように設けられている。
シール部材9は、嵌合溝13が突出部17に係合するようにして周溝15に嵌合され、静止部7に保持されている。
シール部材9は、半径方向Kの位置を調節できるようにしてもよい。
シール部材9の軸線方向L端部には、それぞれ大きく面取りされたテーパ部(傾斜部)21が設けられている。テーパ部21の軸線方向L端部の半径方向K位置は、中央側のそれに比べて外周側に位置するようにされている。すなわち、テーパ部21は、半径方向Kに傾斜している。
したがって、シール面19は、軸線方向Lに沿って凹凸が形成されていることになる。
シール面19には、アブレーダブル材を溶射して形成したアブレーダブル層(アブレーダブル皮膜)25が略全面に亘り略均一な膜厚T1で形成されている。
凸部23の側面部には、溶射方向に対して適度な角度を有するように半径方向に適度に傾斜させた凸部傾斜部24が備えられている。
すなわち、テーパ部21では半径方向Kに傾斜し、軸線方向L中間部分では凸部23によって凹凸状態とされている。
また、図3に示されるように、テーパ部21におけるアブレーダブル層25の膜厚T2はその他の部分における膜厚T1よりも薄くされている。
この場合も、アブレーダブル層25は突起部31のところで軸線方向Lに沿って不連続に形成されている。
そして、突起部31におけるアブレーダブル層25の膜厚T2はその他の部分における膜厚T1よりも薄くされている。
図2は分割シール部材27を示す斜視図である。分割シール部材27の周方向C端部には、周方向端面29が半径方向Kに延在するように設けられている。
シール部材9は、分割シール部材27を組み立てるのではなく、一体として形成されるようにしてもよい。
まず、分割シール部材27の本体が、たとえば、機械加工によって図2に示されるような形状に加工される。
この加工は、たとえば、次ぎのように行われる。
長尺の板材を所定の長さおよび幅に切断する。次いで、シール面19を凸部23が残るように切削し、端面11に嵌合溝13およびテーパ部21を加工する。その後、所定の曲率半径を有する円弧を形成するように折り曲げ加工を行う。
まず、図5に示されるように端面11に溶射皮膜が形成されないようにマスキング33を行い、溶射前の下地作りのためにブラスト処理が施される。
このとき、マスキング33のシール面19側端部はシール面19から間隔を空けるようにされている。この間隔は、たとえば、2~3mmとされている。
アブレーダブル材としては、コバルト、ニッケル、クロム、アルミニウム、イットリウム(以後はCoNiCrAlYと呼ぶ)を含む金属成分を主体とし、固体潤滑材としての窒化ホウ素(h-BN)および気孔率制御のためのポリエステル(樹脂製材料)を含有したものが用いられる。
なお、これはアブレーダブル材の一例を示したものであり、適宜材料を用いることができる。
これにより、アブレーダブル層25における残留応力を低減することができる。
本実施形態では、アブレーダブル層25は、シール面19は、テーパ部21および凸部23によって軸線方向Lに沿って不連続に形成されているので、残留応力の作用方向が相互に異なり、その影響を分断することができる。
したがって、境界剥離の発生を抑制できるので、アブレーダブル層25の膜厚を厚くすることができる。
さらに、テーパ部21では、アブレーダブル層25の膜厚をその他の部分よりも小さくしているので、発生する残留応力を一層低減させることができる。これにより、シール作用を行う部分のアブレーダブル層25の膜厚を一層厚くすることができる。
これにより、たとえば、回転機械の信頼性向上および性能向上を図ることができる。
この微視き裂がなくなると、剥離の起点となることがなくなるので、剥離の発生をより抑制することができる。これにより、アブレーダブル層25の膜厚T1を一層厚くすることができる。
分割シール部材27の周方向C端部では、端までアブレーダブル層25の所望の膜厚T1を維持するため、図6に示されるように周方向端面29を越えて皮膜が盛り上げられている。
この余盛部35は、アブレーダブル層25側からシール面19側に向けた加工方向37で、機械加工、たとえば、ヤスリ研削、旋盤加工等によって切除される。このとき、加工面39は、周方向端面29の延長面41上よりも若干内側に傾斜させられている。この傾斜は、たとえば、加工面39の表面端部の位置が、延長面41から0.05mm以内離隔している程度とされている。
このように、機械加工中にアブレーダブル層25を剥離する方向に力が作用しないので、機械加工によるアブレーダブル層25の剥離(割れ)を抑制することができる。これにより、機械加工に制約されずにアブレーダブル層25の厚膜化を行うことができる。
これによりアブレーダブル層25は多孔質組織となるので、フィン5と接触した際の摺動発熱量を低減することができる。
ポリエステルの含有率を調節することによって、アブレーダブル層25の気孔率を調節することができる。
また、試験片としては、アブレーダブル皮膜49の気孔率が0%、約15%、約40%のものを使用した。なお、発熱量の規準として12Cr鋼の試験片を用いている。
そして、摺動時の供試片先端近傍温度および抗力、切削力を3分力センサにて取得し、摺動時の平均切削力より発熱量を算出した。
また、接着力の低下を補うためにシール面19にアブレーダブル層25およびシール面19の密着性を向上するアンダーコートを施工するようにしてもよい。
Claims (4)
- 回転部材の周面からリング状に突出し、軸線方向に沿って少なくとも1個設けられたフィンと、
該フィンに対向する環状のシール面を有し、該シール面にアブレーダブル材を溶射したアブレーダブル皮膜が形成されているシール部材と、を備えるシール構造であって、
前記シール面の軸線方向端部に半径方向に傾斜した傾斜部が備えられているシール構造。 - 前記シール面の前記軸線方向中間部分には、前記軸線方向に沿って凹凸が形成され、該凹凸の側面部には半径方向に傾斜した凹凸傾斜部が備えられている請求項1に記載のシール構造。
- 前記シール部材は、周方向に分割された分割シール部材によって構成されている請求項1または請求項2に記載のシール構造。
- 前記アブレーダブル材として、金属基材中に樹脂製材料を含有させ、熱処理により高気孔率材料としたもので、かつ3mm以上の膜厚を有する請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のシール構造。
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EP09703871.5A EP2233803B1 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-01-15 | Seal structure |
US12/667,568 US8240675B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-01-15 | Seal structure |
CN200980100022.2A CN101765736B (zh) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-01-15 | 密封结构 |
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JP2008-014865 | 2008-01-25 | ||
JP2008014865A JP5101317B2 (ja) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | シール構造 |
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EP (1) | EP2233803B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5101317B2 (ja) |
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JP5518032B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-06-11 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | タービン、及びシール構造 |
JP5308548B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-10-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | シール構造及びこれを備える回転機械 |
US9151174B2 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2015-10-06 | General Electric Company | Sealing assembly for use in a rotary machine and methods for assembling a rotary machine |
JP5951449B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-02 | 2016-07-13 | 株式会社東芝 | 蒸気タービン |
CN104357792B (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-01-25 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 钛合金耐高温氧化抗微动磨损涂层材料、涂层及制备方法 |
JP6601677B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 | 2019-11-06 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | シール装置及び回転機械 |
US9995397B2 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-06-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Coated seal housing |
US10598038B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2020-03-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Labyrinth seal with variable tooth heights |
US10954803B2 (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2021-03-23 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Abrasive coating for high temperature mechanical systems |
FR3122493B1 (fr) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-03-17 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Dispositif de test d'etancheite muni d'un systeme de reglage continu de jeu entre deux elements d'un joint à labyrinthe |
DE102021211656A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-20 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Dichtungsbereich zwischen rotierenden und stehenden Komponenten, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Maschine |
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EP2233803B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
JP2009174655A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
CN101765736B (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
US8240675B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
CN101765736A (zh) | 2010-06-30 |
US20100164179A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
JP5101317B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
EP2233803A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2233803A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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