WO2009090785A1 - 省エネルギー型淡水製造装置 - Google Patents
省エネルギー型淡水製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009090785A1 WO2009090785A1 PCT/JP2008/068930 JP2008068930W WO2009090785A1 WO 2009090785 A1 WO2009090785 A1 WO 2009090785A1 JP 2008068930 W JP2008068930 W JP 2008068930W WO 2009090785 A1 WO2009090785 A1 WO 2009090785A1
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- fresh water
- mist
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- seawater
- water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
- B01D1/0035—Solar energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
- B01D1/20—Sprayers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
- B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
- B01D1/223—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
- B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0039—Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
- B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
- C02F1/12—Spray evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fresh water production apparatus using an evaporation method, and more particularly, to an energy saving fresh water production apparatus having a simple device configuration.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2007-309295 A discloses a desalination apparatus using a reverse osmosis membrane method.
- the reverse osmosis membrane method uses a semi-permeable membrane that filters and removes fine particles in seawater in advance, and applies fresh water to the seawater side by applying a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure. There was a problem that excessive motive energy was required to pressurize to a low pressure.
- JP-A-2006-70889 Patent Document 2
- JP-A-2004-136273 Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 3 disclose a desalination apparatus using a multistage flash evaporation method.
- the multi-stage flash evaporation method a plurality of decompression chambers are required, so that the apparatus has to be complicated and large, and excessive energy is still required to vaporize seawater.
- the installation location of the desalination apparatus is limited.
- This invention is made
- the present inventor has conceived the following new configuration and arrived at the present invention. That is, the raw water which is a processing target is heated by using sunlight which is natural energy, and the raw water is sprayed from the nozzle to the mist making means to operate the mist making means. As a result, the raw water becomes a mist-like raw water having a small particle size, and the contact area with the air increases, so that the vaporization efficiency increases.
- the water vapor generated in this way is passed through the demister by the mist generating means or the air flow induced by the mist flow, led to the heat exchanger, condensed to the saturation temperature, and recovered by the fresh water recovery device to obtain fresh water.
- the condensation latent heat is heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger cooled by the raw water, and the temperature of the raw water is increased. Since the heated raw water is used again for mist generation, the latent heat of water can be recovered as condensed latent heat.
- a fresh water production apparatus that uses a mist generating blower fan (misting means) and a heat exchanger, and at the same time rotating the fan with seawater heated by sunlight or the like, It is equipped with a recovery device that evaporates water in the form of a mist with a small diameter, guides water vapor to the heat exchanger by the fan or mist flow, condenses it to saturation temperature with a heat exchanger cooled with seawater, and recovers fresh water,
- a cycle-type fresh water production apparatus is provided in which seawater is heated with this latent heat of condensation to form a mist again.
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention includes a mist scattering prevention partition wall having a high opening ratio that separates the water vapor flow and the mist seawater from the mist seawater generated by the mist generation blower fan.
- the mist generating blower fan generates mist-like raw water with a small particle size, and at the same time, the air flow induced by the mist movement in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the mist generation blower fan exchanges heat without steam. Guide to the vessel.
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention includes a reflecting plate in part, and mist of a specific angle is scattered, While blowing in the angle direction, the generated mist-like raw water is vaporized by scattered kinetic energy.
- the mist generation unit (evaporation unit) and the heat exchanger unit are integrated, and the structure and mechanism that can circulate the generation mist with little resistance can be provided.
- the cross-sectional shape of all the devices may be a circular cylinder, and the mist generating section and the heat exchanger may be arranged in the circumferential direction. it can.
- a plurality of the mist generating air blowing fans can be arranged in series or in parallel, and the shape of the mist generating air blowing fan can be made into a fractal structure in order to make seawater into a mist having a small particle diameter. .
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention is provided with a structure that can be arranged in a plurality of stages or continuous infinite stages, and in such a configuration, the mist generating blower fan
- the mist generating blower fan By installing the fans corresponding to the rotating shaft portion and the mist generating portion on the same axis, all the fans in a plurality of stages can play both roles of blowing air and generating mist.
- the fresh water production apparatus of the present invention can be easily expanded to a multistage system by simply stacking, extending the mist generating fan in the vertical direction, guiding raw water that has not been misted at the upper part to the lower fan with a reflector, etc. Here, it is made mist again.
- each layer works as an independent stage device, and by increasing the number of layers, external heating is performed in inverse proportion to the number of layers. Energy can be reduced, resulting in an inexpensive and efficient fresh water production system.
- an energy saving desalination apparatus having a simple apparatus configuration is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a fresh water producing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1A shows a top perspective view of the fresh water producing apparatus 100
- FIG. 1B shows a side perspective view.
- the fresh water producing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a roughly cylindrical container 12 erected in the vertical direction, a heating apparatus 14 installed on the ceiling of the container 12, and mist generating means. 16, a demister 18, and a radiator 20.
- a donut-shaped space is defined by the inner wall surface of the container 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the columnar support 22, and the space is defined in the circumferential direction with the demister 18 as a boundary. It is divided into two areas. That is, inside the container 12, there are an evaporation unit X for vaporizing water contained in the raw water to be treated, and a condensing unit Y for condensing water vapor generated in the evaporation unit X and collecting fresh water. 18 are juxtaposed in the horizontal direction.
- seawater is taken as an example of raw water to be processed.
- seawater heated by the heating apparatus 14 is introduced from the nozzle 24 into the evaporation section X.
- a mist forming means 16 for pulverizing the introduced seawater to generate a water droplet group (hereinafter referred to as mist) having a small particle diameter is provided on the lower side in the vertical direction of the nozzle 24, a mist forming means 16 for pulverizing the introduced seawater to generate a water droplet group (hereinafter referred to as mist) having a small particle diameter is provided.
- the introduction of seawater from the nozzle 24 to the mist making means 16 may be a method of natural fall or may be injected using a pressurizing means.
- the diameter of the nozzle 24 does not have to be as small as the diameter of the spray nozzle in the conventional spray flash method. It can be designed to have a size (several mm to several cm) that does not cause clogging due to scale components contained in seawater. By designing as such, maintenance costs are suitably reduced.
- the mist forming means 16 includes a rotating shaft 16a extending vertically downward from the ceiling portion of the container 12, and a rotating body including a plurality of radially formed blades 16b.
- the rotating bodies are arranged side by side.
- the rotating shaft 16 a is connected to a rotation drive source 25, and the plurality of rotating bodies are configured to rotate at a high speed by the rotation drive source 25.
- the evaporation section X is provided with an airflow forming means for forming an airflow that carries water vapor generated by the mist generated by the mist generating means 16 to the condensing section Y.
- the mist forming means 16 and the reflector 26 disposed in the vicinity thereof function as the above-described airflow forming means. This will be described in detail later.
- the condenser unit Y is provided with a radiator 20 as a heat exchanger so that low-temperature seawater pumped from the sea is pumped to the radiator 20 by the pumping device 30.
- a pipe 28 is laid from the vertically downward direction to the upward direction so as to penetrate through the plurality of radiating fins, and the pipe 28 exiting from the radiator 20 is connected to the heating device 14.
- the physical configuration of the fresh water producing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment has been outlined. Next, a mechanism for producing fresh water by the fresh water producing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a mechanism in which the fresh water producing apparatus 100 produces fresh water.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a top perspective view of the fresh water producing apparatus 100
- FIG. 2 (b) is a side view. A perspective view is shown. 2, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in FIG. 1, and the description thereof is omitted (hereinafter the same in FIGS. 3 to 9).
- seawater is pumped up by the pressure feeding device 30 and introduced into the radiator 20 through the pipe 28.
- the temperature of the seawater to be introduced is preferably as low as possible, and it is preferable to draw and introduce low-temperature seawater from the deep sea.
- Seawater exchanges heat with water vapor contained in the air of the condensing part Y through the radiation fins of the radiator 20 in the process of being pumped through the pipe 28 that is routed vertically upward in the radiator 20.
- the heat exchanger in the present invention is not limited to such a form.
- the seawater introduced into the heating device 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature and then discharged from the nozzle 24 toward the mist forming means 16 located on the lower side in the vertical direction.
- the heating device 14 does not need to heat seawater to the boiling point, and it is sufficient to heat it to about 70 to 90 ° C.
- this invention does not specifically limit about the heating apparatus 14, it is preferable to apply the heat collecting apparatus using sunlight from a viewpoint of energy cost reduction.
- the rotary drive source 25 described above can also be configured by a known mechanism that converts light energy or thermal energy of sunlight into rotational motion.
- the seawater introduced into the misting means 16 collides with the blades 16b of a plurality of rotating bodies rotated at high speed by the rotational drive source 25, so that a part of the seawater is crushed by the impact and scattered by the centrifugal force. In the process, it is further divided by wind pressure to form fine water droplets, which are diffused into the atmosphere of the evaporation section X. Part of the diffused mist naturally evaporates to become water vapor while floating in the evaporation part X of the container 12. On the other hand, the mist that has not been vaporized and the seawater that has not been vaporized fall as it is vertically downward and reach the bottom of the evaporation section X, and are then discharged from the drain pipe 32 to the outside.
- a reflector 26 having a substantially arc-shaped cross section is disposed in the vicinity of the mist forming means 16.
- the mist scattered from the mist generating means 16 isotropically moves in the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft 16a. However, when the scatter is partially blocked by the reflecting plate 26, the mist is reflected in the reflecting direction of the reflecting plate 26. A flow is formed.
- This mist flow induces an air flow, and as a result, a circumferential air flow from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is generated.
- the water vapor generated in the evaporation unit X is carried to the condensing unit Y along this air flow.
- the mist forming means 16 and the reflector 26 disposed in the vicinity thereof function as airflow forming means, and additional energy is required for airflow formation. It is advantageous in that it does not.
- the present invention does not limit the airflow forming means to the above-described configuration.
- the airflow forming means As shown in FIG. 3, by providing a blower 34 behind the mist making means 16, the airflow forming means is directed from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y. Circumferential airflow can also be forcibly formed.
- the container 12 is formed in the cylindrical shape in the fresh water producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment, a smooth air flow from the evaporation unit X to the condensation unit Y is easily formed, and energy required for air blowing is reduced. You can save a lot.
- the water vapor generated in the evaporating part X is introduced into the condensing part Y through the demister 18 together with the air flow formed by the air flow forming means described above. Similarly, the mist component contained in the airflow is captured by the demister 18 and is prevented from entering the condensing part Y.
- the evaporation amount can be further increased by heating the demister 18 using, for example, heat generated by the heating device 14.
- the water vapor introduced into the condensing part Y passes through the gap formed between the radiator fins of the radiator 20, the water vapor is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater pumped through the pipe 28 via the radiator fins. Liquefy. The fresh water generated in this way falls down vertically along the wall surface of the radiating fin, and is finally stored at the bottom of the condensing part Y.
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention first improves vaporization efficiency by evaporating high-temperature seawater in the evaporation section X and generates water vapor from the seawater. Next, this water vapor is moved to the condensing part Y together with the airflow formed by the airflow forming means. The air containing water vapor that has moved to the condensing part Y is cooled by the cold heat of the seawater, and as a result, water exceeding the saturation concentration is condensed and liquefied.
- the form of the mist making means 16 shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the mist making means in the present invention is not limited to the above-described form.
- the shape of the blades of the rotating body of the mist making means 16 can be a fractal type, and the shape of the rotating body can be a windmill type or a watermill type.
- the rotating body of the mist generating means may be configured in a turbine shape so as to be rotated by the dynamic pressure of the introduced seawater, and the rotational drive source of the mist generating means can be omitted.
- FIG. 4 shows a fresh water producing apparatus 100 comprising a plurality of misting means 16 (1) to 16 (4).
- seawater having a flow rate suitable for the mist generating means 16 (1) to 16 (4) is introduced from the nozzles 24 (1) to 24 (4).
- mist generating means in the present invention is not limited to the one in which the rotation axis of the rotating body extends in the vertical direction like the mist forming means 16 shown in FIG. 1, for example, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to employ a rotating body whose rotating shaft extends in the horizontal direction.
- a plurality of impellers 44 are juxtaposed on five rotating shafts 42 that are suspended and supported from above the container 12, and the plurality of impellers 44 are positioned corresponding to each impeller 44.
- the seawater is introduced from the nozzle 46.
- the mist generating means in the present invention includes all configurations capable of pulverizing falling seawater by collision impact and scattering it into the atmosphere as minute water droplets. Will be understood.
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention has been described above.
- the fresh water producing apparatus of the present invention can easily realize a multistage system that is advantageous in terms of heat efficiency by extending the structure in the vertical direction.
- this point will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 6 shows the fresh water production apparatus 200 expanded in the vertical direction.
- the fresh water producing apparatus 200 can be easily constructed by using the basic structure of the fresh water producing apparatus 100 already described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 as one unit and connecting a plurality of them in the vertical direction.
- the present invention does not limit the connecting direction of the units.
- the units can be arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, but from the viewpoint of simplifying the structure of the apparatus, the units are connected in the vertical direction. It is preferable.
- Seawater pumped up by the pressure feeding device 30 is first introduced into the unit U5, and then vertically dropped through the pipes 28 arranged in each radiator 20 in the order of the unit U4, the unit U3, the unit U2, and the unit U1. After flowing upward from the direction, it is introduced into the heating device 14.
- the seawater introduced into the heating device 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature and then introduced from the nozzle 24 into the evaporation section X of the unit U1.
- a part of the seawater introduced into the unit U1 is partially misted and evaporated by the mist generating means 16, and the mist that has not been vaporized and the seawater that has not been mistled fall down in the vertical direction as they are, and the unit U1 Reach the bottom of the.
- Untreated seawater that has reached the bottom of the unit U1 is introduced into the unit U2 connected directly below, partly misted and evaporated by the misting means 16, and the rest reaches the bottom of the unit U2.
- the seawater that has reached the bottom of the unit U2 is then sequentially introduced into the unit U3, the unit U4, and the unit U5 in the same procedure, and water vapor is generated in each unit.
- Untreated seawater that finally reaches the bottom of the unit U5 is drained from the drain pipe 32 to the outside.
- the water vapor generated in the evaporation section X of the units U1 to U5 is introduced into the condensing section Y of each unit via the demister 18 and condensed and liquefied in the radiator 20.
- the generated fresh water is stored in the bottom of each unit, and then collected in the fresh water storage tank 36 through the pipe 35.
- the basic configuration of the fresh water producing apparatus 100 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 has been described as one unit and a plurality of these units are connected and expanded.
- FIG. 7 another extended aspect of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 7 shows the fresh water producing apparatus 300 expanded in the vertical direction.
- the fresh water producing apparatus 300 does not connect a plurality of units in the vertical direction like the fresh water producing apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 6, but the structure of the fresh water producing apparatus 100 that has been described with reference to FIGS. Similar to the fresh water producing apparatus 200, a system that is advantageous in terms of heat efficiency is realized by simply extending itself in the vertical direction.
- the evaporation section X and the condensation section Y are formed as a continuous space having a sufficient height.
- the seawater pumped up by the pumping apparatus 30 is pumped vertically upward through a pipe 28 piped to the radiator 20, and then introduced into the heating apparatus 14 installed on the ceiling portion of the container 12. Is done.
- the seawater introduced into the heating device 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature and then introduced into the evaporation section X from the nozzle 24.
- the evaporating part X has a sufficient height, and the mist forming means 16 is continuously present from the ceiling to the bottom of the container 12 for a long time.
- the seawater introduced from the nozzle 24 to the uppermost part of the mist generating means 16 is partially misted, and the seawater that has not been misted is further misted by the mist forming means 16 located further below.
- the inside of the evaporation part X falls while being given.
- the mist and seawater that have not been vaporized up to the bottom of the evaporation section X are drained from the drain pipe 32 to the outside.
- a part of the mist is vaporized into water vapor at each place from the upper part to the lower part in the evaporation part X, but the water vapor generated at each place rides on the air flow by the air flow forming means (not shown), As indicated by the arrow, it is carried in the circumferential direction from the place where it occurs in the evaporation section X toward the condensation section Y.
- the water vapor introduced into the condensing part Y is condensed and liquefied in the radiator 20 located in the circumferential direction with respect to the place where the water vapor in the evaporation part X is generated.
- the fresh water generated in this way falls along the wall surface of the radiator fin of the radiator 20 vertically downward, and is finally stored at the bottom of the condensing part Y.
- the mist forming means and the heat exchanger are omitted, and the space in the container 12 is shown in order from top to bottom: A layer, B layer, C layer, D layer, E It is divided into five layers called layers.
- the A layer to the E layer should be referred to as corresponding to the units U1 to U5.
- layers A to E refer to layers A to E as those obtained by virtually dividing a continuous space in the container 12.
- the fresh water production process will be described below using virtual numerical values (temperatures).
- low-temperature seawater (20 ° C.) is pumped from the sea by the pumping device 30 and introduced into the freshwater producing apparatus 200.
- Seawater introduced into the fresh water producing apparatus 200 is introduced into the heating apparatus 14 installed on the ceiling of the container 12 through a pipe 28 that is piped vertically upward in the condensing part Y.
- the heating device 14 needs to heat the seawater from 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. at the start of the start of the device.
- seawater heated to 80 ° C. is introduced from the nozzle 24 into the evaporation section X of the A layer.
- Part of the seawater W introduced into the A layer is misted, and part of the seawater W becomes water vapor V1 in the process of passing through the A layer.
- the generated water vapor V1 moves through the demister 18 together with the airflow formed by the airflow forming device (not shown) through the same A layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y.
- the remaining seawater W (including mist, hereinafter the same) that has not been vaporized in the A layer is reduced in temperature to 70 ° C. and introduced into the B layer as a result of being deprived of the evaporation latent heat of the water vapor V1.
- a part of the seawater W introduced into the B layer is misted, and part of the seawater W becomes water vapor V2 in the process of passing through the B layer.
- the generated water vapor V2 moves through the same B layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y.
- the remaining seawater W that has not been vaporized in the B layer is deprived of the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor V2, so that the temperature is lowered to 60 ° C. and introduced into the C layer.
- a part of the seawater W introduced into the C layer is mist, and part of the seawater W becomes water vapor V3 in the process of passing through the C layer.
- the generated water vapor V3 moves through the same C layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y.
- the remaining seawater W that has not been vaporized in the C layer is deprived of the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor V3, so that the temperature is lowered to 50 ° C. and introduced into the D layer.
- a part of the seawater W introduced into the D layer is misted, and part of the seawater W becomes water vapor V4 in the process of passing through the D layer.
- the generated water vapor V4 moves through the same D layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y.
- the remaining seawater W that has not been vaporized in the D layer is deprived of the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor V4, so that the temperature is lowered to 40 ° C. and introduced into the E layer.
- a part of the seawater W introduced into the E layer is misted, and part of the seawater W becomes steam V5 in the process of passing through the E layer.
- the generated water vapor V5 moves through the same E layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y.
- the seawater W that has not been vaporized in the E layer is deprived of the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor V5. As a result, the temperature is lowered to 30 ° C. and finally discharged from the drain pipe 32.
- the water vapor V5 that has moved the E layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater passing through the pipe 28 via a radiator (not shown) to become fresh water F5.
- Seawater (20 ° C.) passing through the pipe 28 receives the condensation latent heat of water vapor V5 in the process of passing through the E layer. As a result, the temperature rises to 30 ° C. and flows into the D layer.
- the water vapor V4 that has moved the D layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater passing through the pipe 28 to become fresh water F4.
- the temperature rises to 40 ° C. and flows into the C layer.
- the water vapor V3 that has moved the C layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater passing through the pipe 28 to become fresh water F3.
- the seawater passing through the pipe 28 receives the condensation latent heat of the water vapor V3 in the process of passing through the C layer, the temperature rises to 50 ° C. and flows into the B layer.
- the water vapor V2 that has moved through the B layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater passing through the pipe 28 to become fresh water F2.
- the seawater passing through the pipe 28 receives the condensation latent heat of the water vapor V2 in the process of passing through the B layer, the temperature rises to 60 ° C. and flows into the A layer.
- the water vapor V1 that has moved the A layer from the evaporation section X to the condensation section Y is similarly condensed by exchanging heat with seawater passing through the pipe 28, and becomes fresh water F1.
- Seawater passing through the pipe 28 is pumped from the container 12 and introduced into the heating device 14 in a state where the temperature is raised to 70 ° C. as a result of receiving the condensation latent heat of the water vapor V1 in the process of passing through the A layer.
- the low-temperature seawater (20 ° C.) pumped from the sea by the pumping device 30 sequentially moves in the circumferential direction from the evaporation unit X in the process of pumping the condensing unit Y vertically upward.
- the latent heat of condensation of water vapor By receiving the latent heat of condensation of water vapor, it is gradually heated, and its temperature rises to 70 ° C. when introduced into the heating device 14. Therefore, although it is necessary to heat the seawater from 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. by the heating device 14 at the start of starting the apparatus, it is sufficient to heat the seawater from 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. during the subsequent continuous operation. Further, excessive energy for heating is not required, and the operation can be sufficiently maintained even if, for example, a heat collecting device using sunlight is adopted as the heating device 14.
- the fresh water manufacturing apparatus of this invention can be comprised as a seawater concentration apparatus by adding a known cooling means further.
- the lowermost part of the evaporation part X and the inlet located at the lowermost part of the radiator of the condensation part Y are connected with known cooling means. So that the seawater that reaches the lowermost part of the evaporation section X is cooled and then introduced into the radiator of the condensing section Y again.
- the waste water (30 ° C.) discharged from the drain pipe 32 is cooled to 20 ° C.
- the cooling means and then introduced into the condensing part Y, and circulates in the apparatus by repeating this. .
- the concentration of seawater increases as the water is repeatedly removed by evaporation.
- the concentrated seawater whose enrichment has reached the limit by the above-described procedure can be recovered, and desired components (sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc.) can be purified from the concentrated seawater.
- the fresh water production apparatus of the present invention adopts a simple apparatus configuration and does not require a complicated configuration such as a decompression chamber, and can be constructed at a low installation cost.
- the maintenance cost can also be reduced.
- the fresh water manufacturing apparatus of this invention can be multistaged easily and can improve thermal efficiency, it can be fully drive
- Example 1 A fresh water producing apparatus was produced following the example shown in FIG. Specifically, a cylindrical container 12 having a diameter of about 800 mm and a height of about 200 mm is prepared, and the mist forming means 16 is prepared by arranging two rotating bodies having a diameter of about 70 mm having 16 blades 16b. One unit was installed in the evaporation section X.
- black raw water in which ink was dispersed in water was prepared as the water to be treated, and an experiment was performed according to the following procedure.
- the water to be treated at 15 ° C. is pumped from the inlet of the radiator 20 at a flow rate of 6 L / min, and the water to be treated sent from the outlet of the radiator 20 is heated by the heating device 14 to 60 ° C.
- the water to be treated was operated for 1 hour under the condition that the water to be treated was sprayed at a flow rate of 6 L / min to the mist generating means 16, and 4181 mL of transparent water was obtained.
- the thermometer installed at the outlet of the radiator 20 showed about 25 ° C.
- Example 2 In accordance with the example shown in FIG. The other conditions were the same as in Example 1. As a result of operating for 1 hour, 6002 mL of clear water was obtained.
- Example 3 About the fresh water manufacturing apparatus of this invention, it verified about the thermal efficiency at the time of extending in a perpendicular direction.
- the fresh water producing apparatus produced in Example 2 was used as one unit, and a plurality of units were connected in the manner shown in FIG. Specifically, between each unit, the outlet and inlet of the radiator 20 are connected by a vinyl hose, and the outlet of the radiator 20 of the last unit as viewed from the introduction side of the water to be treated is connected to the heating device 14.
- the heating device 14 was connected to the nozzle 24 of the rearmost unit, and between each unit, the drain pipe 32 and the nozzle 24 were connected with a vinyl hose, thereby connecting up to six units.
- the water to be treated at 20 ° C. is pumped from the inlet of the radiator 20 of the first unit at a flow rate of 6 L / min, and the water to be treated sent from the outlet of the radiator 20 of the last unit is heated.
- the water to be treated was operated under the condition that it was injected at a flow rate of 6 L / min to the mist generating means 16 of the last unit.
- the temperature was measured by each thermometer T installed at the outlet of the radiator 20 of each unit and before the nozzle 24.
- all the fresh water stored at the bottom of each unit was collected, and the total amount was measured.
- the following table shows the measured values of each thermometer T installed in front of the outlet of the radiator 20 and the nozzle 24 of each unit when the six units are connected and operated.
- the unit into which the water to be treated is first introduced is the unit number. 1 and then No. 1 in the order of connection. 2 to No. It was shown as 6.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the number of connected units, the amount of water acquired per unit time (L / h), and the power consumed by the heating device 14.
- the amount of water obtained per unit time was 6 L / h
- unit time The amount of water acquired per unit is 14 L / h
- the amount of water acquired per unit time is 16 L / h
- the amount of water obtained per unit time was 18 L / h.
- the power consumed for the operation (that is, the power consumed by the heating device 14) was 19 KW when operated by one unit, whereas the power consumption decreased as the number of units connected increased.
- the power consumption was 10 kW.
- the amount of water obtained per unit time has increased by a factor of three compared to the case of operation with one unit. It was shown that it was reduced to about half compared with the case of driving with a stand.
- the figure which shows the fresh water manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment The conceptual diagram for demonstrating the mechanism in which the fresh water manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment manufactures fresh water.
- the figure which shows an experimental apparatus The figure which shows the relationship between the number of connected units, the amount of water (L / h) acquired per unit time, and the power consumed by the heating device.
Abstract
Description
(実施例1)
図1に示した例にならって淡水製造装置を作製した。具体的には、直径約800mm、高さ約200mmの円筒状の容器12を用意し、ミスト化手段16は、16枚の羽根16bを有する直径約70mmの回転体を2個並設して作製し、蒸発部Xに1台設置した。
図3に示した例にならって反射板26の代りに送風機34を備えた淡水製造装置を作製した。なお、他の条件については、実施例1と同様とした。1時間運転した結果、6002mLの透明な水が得られた。
本発明の淡水製造装置について、鉛直方向に拡張した場合の熱効率について検証した。本実施例においては、図6に示した例にならって、実施例2で作製した淡水製造装置を一つのユニットとし、これを図9に示す態様で複数台連結して実験を行なった。具体的には、各ユニット間において、ラジエタ20の出口と入口をビニールホースで接続し、処理対象水の導入側から見て最後尾のユニットのラジエタ20の出口を加熱装置14に接続し、さらに、加熱装置14をその最後尾のユニットのノズル24に接続し、各ユニット間において、排水管32とノズル24とをビニールホースで接続することによって、最高6台のユニットを連結した。
Claims (14)
- 処理対象である原水を加熱するための加熱手段と、
前記加熱手段から導入された前記原水をミスト化するためのミスト化手段を含む蒸発部と、
前記蒸発部にデミスタを介して並設され、前記蒸発部において発生した水蒸気を凝縮させるための熱交換器を含む凝縮部と、
前記蒸発部から前記凝縮部に向かう気流を形成するための気流形成手段とを備え、
前記処理対象である原水は、前記熱交換器を経て前記加熱手段に導入される、
淡水製造装置。 - 前記ミスト化手段は、導入される前記原水を衝突衝撃によって粉砕し水滴として飛散させる手段である、請求項1に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記ミスト化手段は、回転軸から放射状に形成された複数の衝突部材を備える回転体として形成される、請求項2記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記回転体は、タービン状に形成され、導入される前記原水の動圧によって回転する、請求項3記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記気流形成手段は、前記ミスト化手段から飛散する水滴を遮ることによって前記蒸発部から前記凝縮部に向かうミストの流れを誘起する反射板である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記気流形成手段は、送風機である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 鉛直方向に立設される円柱状の容器内に形成されたドーナツ状の空間の円周方向に前記蒸発部と前記凝縮部がデミスタを介して並設される、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記原水が鉛直下方向から上方向に流過するように構成される、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 鉛直方向に延長された構造を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 処理対象である原水をミスト化するためのミスト化手段を含む蒸発部と、
前記蒸発部にデミスタを介して並設され、前記蒸発部において発生した水蒸気を凝縮させるための熱交換器を含む凝縮部と、
前記蒸発部から前記凝縮部に向かう気流を形成するための気流形成手段と、
を備える容器が鉛直方向に複数連結してなる淡水製造装置であって、
各容器間の前記熱交換器は、前記原水が鉛直下方向から上方向に流過するように接続され、各容器の前記蒸発部において蒸発しなかった原水が直下に連結された他の容器の前記蒸発部に導入されるように構成されており、
前記原水は、最下部に位置する前記容器の前記熱交換器に導入され、各容器の前記熱交換器を経て最上部に位置する前記容器の天井部に設置された加熱手段に導入されて加熱された後に最上部に位置する前記容器の前記蒸発部に導入される、
淡水製造装置。 - 前記ミスト化手段は、鉛直下方向に伸びる回転軸から放射状に形成された複数の衝突部材を備える回転体を該回転軸に対して複数並設して形成される、請求項10記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記容器は、円柱状の容器であり、該容器内に形成されたドーナツ状の空間の円周方向に前記蒸発部と前記凝縮部がデミスタを介して並設される、請求項10または11に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 前記加熱手段は、太陽光エネルギーを利用した集熱手段である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の淡水製造装置に冷却手段を付加して構成される濃縮装置であって、前記蒸発部の最下部に到達した前記原水が前記冷却手段によって冷却された後に前記熱交換器の最下部に位置する入口から導入され、前記原水が前記蒸発部と前記凝縮部との間を循環自在に構成される、濃縮装置。
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EP08870675.9A EP2248766A4 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | ENERGY SAVING FRESH WATER PRODUCTION PLANT |
US12/863,561 US20100288619A1 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | Energy-Saving Type Apparatus For Producing Freshwater |
AU2008347888A AU2008347888B2 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | Energy saving fresh water production equipment |
CN200880125318.5A CN101918322B (zh) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | 节能型淡水制造装置 |
KR1020107015111A KR101236861B1 (ko) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | 에너지 절약형 담수 제조장치 |
JP2009549955A JP5369258B2 (ja) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-10-20 | 省エネルギー型淡水製造装置 |
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US (1) | US20100288619A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2248766A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5369258B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101236861B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101918322B (ja) |
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JP5369258B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
CN101918322A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
CN101918322B (zh) | 2014-10-22 |
KR101236861B1 (ko) | 2013-02-26 |
KR20100101639A (ko) | 2010-09-17 |
US20100288619A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
EP2248766A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
EP2248766A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
JPWO2009090785A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
AU2008347888B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
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