WO2009088866A1 - Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot - Google Patents

Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009088866A1
WO2009088866A1 PCT/US2008/088548 US2008088548W WO2009088866A1 WO 2009088866 A1 WO2009088866 A1 WO 2009088866A1 US 2008088548 W US2008088548 W US 2008088548W WO 2009088866 A1 WO2009088866 A1 WO 2009088866A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
fluid
pressure vessel
recited
brine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/088548
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eli Oklejas, Jr.
Original Assignee
Fluid Equipment Development Company, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fluid Equipment Development Company, Llc filed Critical Fluid Equipment Development Company, Llc
Priority to EP08869313.0A priority Critical patent/EP2234701B1/fr
Priority to ES08869313.0T priority patent/ES2624627T3/es
Publication of WO2009088866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009088866A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/10—Specific supply elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/10—Specific supply elements
    • B01D2313/105—Supply manifolds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/12—Specific discharge elements
    • B01D2313/125—Discharge manifolds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B01D2313/243—Pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/48—Mechanisms for switching between regular separation operations and washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/50—Specific extra tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/50—Specific extra tanks
    • B01D2313/501—Permeate storage tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/50—Specific extra tanks
    • B01D2313/502—Concentrate storage tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/08—Fully permeating type; Dead-end filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/14—Batch-systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/02—Forward flushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/14—Use of concentrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to reverse osmosis systems, and, more specifically, to batch-operated reverse osmosis systems.
  • Reverse osmosis systems are used to provide fresh water from brackish or sea water.
  • a membrane is used that restricts the flow of dissolved solids therethrough.
  • a reverse osmosis system involves pressurizing a solution with an applied pressure greater than an osmotic pressure created by the dissolve salts within the solution.
  • the osmotic pressure is generally proportional to the concentration level of the salt.
  • the approximate osmotic pressure in pounds-per-square-inch is the ratio of the salt mass to water mass times 14,000.
  • a one-percent solution of salt would have an osmotic pressure of about 140 psi.
  • Ocean water typically has a 3.5 percent concentration and an osmotic pressure of 490 psi.
  • a reverse osmosis system 10 is illustrated having a membrane array 12 that generates a permeate stream 14 and a brine stream 16 from a feed stream 18.
  • the feed stream 18 typically includes brackish or sea water.
  • a feed pump 20 coupled to a motor 22 pressurizes the feed stream 18 to the required pressure flow which enters the membrane array 12.
  • the permeate stream 14 is purified fluid flow at a low pressure.
  • the brine stream 16 is a higher pressure stream that contains dissolved materials blocked by the membrane.
  • the pressure of the brine stream 16 is only slightly lower than the feed stream 18.
  • the membrane array 12 requires an exact flow rate for optimal operation.
  • a brine throttle valve 24 may be used to regulate the flow through the membrane array 12. Changes take place due to water temperature, salinity, as well as membrane characteristics, such as fowling.
  • the membrane array 12 may also be operated at off- design conditions on an emergency basis.
  • the feed pumping system is required to meet variable flow and pressure requirements. [0009] In general, a higher feed pressure increases permeate production and, conversely, a reduced feed pressure reduces permeate production.
  • the membrane array 12 is required to maintain a specific recovery which is the ratio of the permeate flow to feed flow.
  • the feed flow or brine flow likewise requires regulation.
  • a pretreatment system 21 may also be provided to pre-treat the fluid into the membrane array 12.
  • the pretreatment system 21 may be used to remove solid materials such as sand, grit and suspended materials.
  • Each of the embodiments below including those in the detailed disclosure may include a pretreatment system 21.
  • Fig. 2 a system similar to that in Fig. 1 is illustrated with the addition of a feed throttle valve 30.
  • Medium and large reverse osmosis plants typically include centrifugal-type pumps 20.
  • the pumps have a relatively low cost and good efficiency, but they may generate a fixed pressure differential at a given flow rate and speed of rotation. To change the pressure/flow characteristic, the rate of pump rotation must be changed.
  • One way prior systems were designed was to size the feed pump 20 to generate the highest possible membrane pressure and then use the throttle valve 30 to reduce the excess pressure to meet the membrane pressure requirement.
  • Such a system has a low capital cost advantage but sacrifices energy efficiency since the feed pump generates more pressure and uses more power than is required for a typical operation.
  • variable frequency drive 36 to operate the motor 22 which, in turn, controls the operation of the feed pump 20.
  • the feed pump 20 is operated at variable speed to match the membrane pressure requirement.
  • the variable frequency drives 36 are expensive with large capacities and consume about three percent of the power that would otherwise have gone to the pump motor.
  • a hydraulic pressure booster 40 having a pump portion 42 and a turbine portion 44 is used to recover energy from the brine stream 16.
  • the pump portion 42 and the turbine portion 44 are coupled together with a common shaft 46. High pressure from the brine stream passes through the turbine portion 44 which causes the shaft 46 to rotate and drive the pump portion 42.
  • the pump portion 42 raises the feed pressure in the feed stream 18. This increases the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the booster 40 generates a portion of the feed pressure requirement for the membrane array 12 and, thus, the feed pump 20 and motor 22 may be reduced in size since a reduced amount of pressure is required by them.
  • a membrane element 60 that is suitable for positioning within a membrane array 12 of one of the previous Figs, is illustrated.
  • the element 60 includes leaves of membrane material wrapped into a spiral configuration and placed in a thin tube 62 of material such as fiberglass.
  • Each membrane leaf includes two membrane sheets glued on three sides with the fourth side attached to a central permeate pipe 64. Spacer grids (not shown) keep the membrane sheet from collapsing under the applied pressure.
  • Feed solution enters one end of the membrane array 60 in the direction indicated by arrows 66.
  • the solution or feed flows axially along the membrane element 60 and between the leaves 68 and exits through the high pressure brine outlet as indicated by arrows 70.
  • a pressure vessel 78 that includes a plurality of membrane elements referred to collectively with reference numeral 60 is illustrated.
  • three membrane elements are disposed within the pressure vessel 78. Each is denoted by a numerical and alphabetical identifier.
  • three membrane elements 60a, 60b and 60c are provided in the pressure vessel 78.
  • the pressure vessel 78 includes a first end cap 80 at the input end and a second end cap 82 at the outlet end. Feed is introduced into the pressure vessel in the direction of the arrows 84.
  • the three membrane elements 60a-60c are placed in series. Each subsequent element extracts a smaller amount of permeate than the preceding element due to an increasing osmotic pressure and decreasing applied pressure caused by factional losses within the membrane elements. As a consequence, the final element 60c may produce very little permeate.
  • the permeate pipe 64 collects permeate from each of the membrane elements 60a-60c.
  • a typical reverse osmosis system operates at a constant pressure that is developed at the feed pump 20. The result is that an excess of applied pressure at the first membrane array may result in an undesirably high rate of permeate extraction which may allow the membranes to be damaged.
  • the final membrane element 60c may have an undesirably low rate of extraction which may result in permeate with an excessive amount of salt contamination.
  • the present disclosure provides a reverse osmosis system that reduces pumping energy but allows a sufficient pressure to be generated at each of the membrane elements.
  • a reverse osmosis system in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir includes a pressure vessel having a membrane therein, a high pressure fluid input, a low pressure fluid input, a permeate output and a brine output, the system further includes a high pressure valve, a low pressure valve and a high pressure pump in fluid communication with the high pressure input through the high pressure valve.
  • the system also includes a low pressure pump in fluid communication with the low pressure input through the low pressure valve.
  • the high pressure pump and the low pressure pump are in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir. The low pressure pump initially fills the pressure vessel and the high pressure pump operates during permeate production.
  • a method of operating a reverse osmosis system includes opening a brine drain valve of a pressure vessel and filling the pressure vessel with low pressure fluid from a fluid reservoir through a low pressure input using a low pressure pump through a low pressure valve.
  • the method includes closing a low pressure valve in communication with the low pressure input.
  • the method further includes closing the brine drain valve in fluid communication with the pressure vessel, pumping additional fluid from the fluid reservoir under high pressure into a high pressure input of the pressure vessel using a high pressure pump when the pressure vessel is filled and raising a pressure in the pressure vessel using the high pressure pump until an amount of permeate is produced.
  • a pressure vessel assembly for a reverse osmosis system includes an elongated pressure vessel housing having a first end, a second end and an outer wall.
  • the pressure vessel housing has a high pressure fluid input, a low pressure fluid input disposed proximate the first end.
  • the pressure vessel housing has a permeate output and a brine output disposed proximate the second end.
  • a flow tube is disposed within the pressure vessel to form an annular space between the flow tube and the outer wall.
  • a membrane is disposed within the flow tube opposite the first end of the pressure vessel. The membrane producing permeate fluid and brine fluid.
  • a recirculating pump recirculates brine fluid between the outer wall and the flow tube so that the brine fluid enters the flow tube toward the first end of the pressure vessel.
  • the method includes passing brine fluid through the membrane, recirculating brine fluid from the second face of the membrane toward the first end of the pressure vessel through the annular chamber, communicating brine fluid from the annular chamber into the flow tube, producing permeate through the membrane and communicating the permeate from the pressure vessel.
  • a method of operating a reverse osmosis system includes filling a pressure vessel with low pressure fluid from a charge reservoir through an input and low pressure valve, closing a brine drain valve of the pressure vessel, when the pressure vessel is filled, closing the low pressure valve, when the pressure vessel is filled, pumping additional fluid under high pressure from the charge reservoir into the input of the pressure vessel using a high pressure pump and raising a pressure in the pressure vessel using the high pressure pump until an amount of permeate is produced.
  • a reverse osmosis system in another aspect of the disclosure, includes a charge reservoir having low pressure fluid therein, a low pressure valve and a pressure vessel in communication with the charge reservoir through an input and low pressure valve.
  • the system also includes a brine drain valve in fluid communication with a brine drain of the pressure vessel and a high pressure pump in fluid communication with the charge reservoir and the input of the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel has a recharge cycle, in which the low pressure valve is opened and the brine drain valve is opened until fluid in the pressure vessel is flushed therefrom.
  • the pressure vessel has a permeate production cycle in which the high pressure pump pumps additional fluid under high pressure from the charge reservoir into the input of the pressure vessel until an amount of permeate is produced.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a prior reverse osmosis system.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an alternate prior art reverse osmosis system.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another prior art of a reverse osmosis system.
  • Fig. 4 is another schematic view of a prior art configuration of a reverse osmosis system.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a prior art membrane elements according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure vessel having a plurality of membrane elements such as those illustrated in Fig. 4 according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a batch process reverse osmosis system.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure vessel of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a batch process reverse osmosis system.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a batch process according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of the reverse osmosis system.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of a dual brine tank system according to the present disclosure.
  • a batch-operated reverse osmosis system having a pressure vessel 102.
  • the pressure vessel has end caps 104 at the input end and an end cap 106 at the output end.
  • the input end has a high-pressure input 108 and a low-pressure input 110.
  • the high-pressure input 108 and the low-pressure input 110 may be formed from pipes.
  • the pipes may enter through the end cap or in the sidewall of the pressure vessel 102.
  • both the high-pressure input 108 and the low-pressure input 110 are in communication with a fluid reservoir 114.
  • the fluid reservoir 114 may be a sea- water reservoir that is used to store filtered sea water.
  • a fluid path from the reservoir 114 to the high-pressure input 108 may include a high-pressure pump 116 driven by a motor 118 and a valve 120 that allows the fluid path to the high- pressure input 108 to be closed or open.
  • a suitable pump 116 is a positive displacement-type pump.
  • a second fluid path from the fluid reservoir 114 may include a low- pressure pump 124 that is driven by a motor 126.
  • the fluid path may also include a valve 128.
  • the valve 120 In the high-pressure fluid path, the valve 120 may be located between the pump 116 and the high-pressure input 108.
  • the valve 128 In the low-pressure fluid path, the valve 128 may be located between the pump 124 and the low-pressure input 110.
  • a brine output 130 may be disposed in the end cap 106 or the outer wall of the pressure vessel 102.
  • a brine drain valve 132 may be coupled adjacent to and within the brine flow path. The output of the brine drain valve 132 is in fluid communication with a drain 134.
  • the output end of the pressure vessel 102 also includes a permeate output 140 that is used to remove permeate created by the membrane 142 within the pressure vessel 102. Both the permeate output and the brine output may include pipes.
  • the membrane 142 may be positioned within the pressure vessel 102 proximate to the second end or the output end of the pressure vessel opposite the input end. As is illustrated, the membrane 142 is positioned near or proximate to the permeate output 140 and the brine output 130.
  • the pressure vessel 102 is filled with fluid from the reservoir 114. In this embodiment, sea water is used.
  • the low-pressure pump 124 is used to provide the sea water from the reservoir 114 through control valve 128 which is open.
  • the high-pressure valve 120 is closed and the brine drain valve 132 is open to allow air or brine from the previous cycle to escape from the pressure vessel 102.
  • the low-pressure valve 128 is closed.
  • Operation of the high-pressure pump 116 is started and the high-pressure valve 120 is opened. Also, the brine drain valve 132 is closed. The pressure within the pressure vessel 102 rapidly increases until the pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure which causes the membrane 142 to produce permeate which exits through the permeate output 140 of the pressure vessel 102.
  • the feed pump 116 continues to pump more sea water from the fluid reservoir 114 through the high-pressure valve 120 and into the pressure vessel 102 through the high-pressure fluid input 108.
  • the continual addition of sea water and pressure makes up for the permeate removed through the permeate output 140 and to overcome the increasing osmotic pressure due to the increasing concentration of the brine within the pressure vessel 102.
  • One example of suitable pressures includes an initial pressure to produce permeate of about 500 psi during the permeate production cycle. As the permeate production increases, the pressure is increased to maintain the permeate production. If a fifty-percent total recovery is desired, the final pressure may be about 1000 psi. Thus, the average pressure is about 750 psi. Prior known systems that use conventional flow RO processing require a constant 1000 psi. Thus, the feed pump pressure requirement has been reduced by 25%. [0049] Referring now to Fig. 8, a cross-sectional view of a pressure vessel
  • the membrane 142 is located at the opposite end of the elongated pressure vessel from the high-pressure input 108 and the low-pressure input 110.
  • the membrane 142 includes a first membrane face 144 and a second membrane face.
  • a volume 146 between the end cap 104 and the first membrane face 144 may be at least equal to the volume of the membrane 102 so that a reasonable amount of feed water or sea water can be processed in one batch cycle.
  • the membrane 144 is disposed within a tube 148.
  • the second face 145 is disposed toward the output end of the pressure vessel 102.
  • One end of the tube 148 is positioned proximate to the output end of the pressure vessel.
  • the tube 148 extends past the second face 145 of the membrane 142.
  • the permeate output 140 extends out of the sidewall of the pressure vessel 102.
  • the permeate output 140 receives permeate through the membrane 144.
  • a motor 150 is used to drive an impeller 152 that is disposed within, near or proximate the tube 148 adjacent to or proximate the second face 145 of the membrane 142.
  • a high pressure seal 154 is used to seal a shaft 156 extending between the motor 150 and the impeller 152.
  • a magnetic drive may be used between the motor 150 and the impeller 152 so that the seal may be eliminated.
  • the motor 150 drives the impeller 152 to circulate brine fluid from the membrane 142 between an annular passage 160 between the tube 148 and the outer wall of the pressure vessel 102.
  • the direction of flow of the brine fluid pushed by the impeller 152 is from the second end of the pressure vessel or output end of the pressure vessel 102 toward the first end or input end of the pressure vessel 14, as indicated by the arrows 162.
  • the brine fluid enters the tube 14 through a distributor plate 170.
  • a distributor plate is used to distribute the brine evenly across the face of the flow tube 148 and allow the flow to have a minimum turbulence.
  • a flow diffuser 172 diffuses the high-pressure input fluid from the high-pressure input 108 evenly across the face of the flow distributor plate 170.
  • the average concentration increases with time but the lowest concentration is present at the face of the membrane closest to the input.
  • the distributor plate 170 and the flow diffuser 172 reduce mixing between newer, more concentrated brine and less concentrated older brine.
  • the flow of older, more concentrated brine products by the membrane is indicated by arrows 174 and the new sea water flow direction is indicated by arrow 176.
  • Fig. 9 includes a pressure vessel 102 that may be configured in a similar manner to that described above in Fig. 8. Thus, the internal structure and the motor 150 are thus not illustrated.
  • the fluid from the reservoir 114 may flow into a charge reservoir 210.
  • the charge reservoir 210 may be located above (relative to the earth) the pressure vessel 102.
  • the charge reservoir 210 is located directly vertically above the pressure vessel 102. This allows the use of gravity to fill the pressure vessel 102 from the charge reservoir 210.
  • a valve 212 disposed between the charge reservoir 210 and the pressure vessel 102 is provided.
  • a high pressure is developed at the high-pressure pump 116 which is driven by motor 118.
  • a low pressure pump is eliminated since low pressure filling of the pressure vessel 102 is provided through the valve 212 due to gravity.
  • high-pressure fluid from the charge reservoir 210 is created at the pump 116 and provided to the fluid input 214.
  • the valve 212 is closed after filling and the high-pressure fluid is provided through the input 214.
  • a diverter valve 216 is opened to allow high-pressure fluid to flow into the pressure vessel 102.
  • the diverter valve 216 is also in fluid communication with the charge reservoir 210 when opened.
  • a buffer pipe 220 that has a large diameter for a short length acts as a reservoir of feed water for the pressure relief process as will be described below.
  • the large diameter buffer pipe 220 allows fluid to flow back toward the diverter valve 216 into the charge reservoir 210 as will be further described below.
  • the pump 116 may be turned off to prevent high-pressure fluid from continuing to flow into the pressure vessel 102.
  • the diverter valve 216 may open and allow the high-pressure fluid to return back to the charge reservoir 210.
  • Pipe 222 provides a flow path to allow high pressure in the pressure vessel 102 to be vented through the diverter valve 216 toward the charge reservoir 210.
  • the amount of fluid to be bled back to the charge reservoir 210 is preferably small since it is highly concentrated brine.
  • the buffer pipe 220 acts as a reservoir for the pressure relief process. Therefore, little or no concentrated brine fluid may actually enter the charge reservoir 210.
  • the valve 212 and brine valve drain valve 132 may be opened. Concentrated brine is thus allowed to drain out of the pressure vessel 102. Sea water under low pressure is thus used to fill the pressure vessel by gravity.
  • a flow distributor plate 170 illustrated in Fig. 8 may be used to ensure the water pushes the brine out with a minimum of mixing.
  • a concentration meter or timer 230 may allow a determination of whether pure sea water is flowing through the brine drain pipe 130.
  • a flow meter 232 may be used to measure the amount of fluid discharged through the pipe, since a known amount of fluid is within the pressure vessel 102.
  • a small reservoir 240 is positioned on the permeate pipe 140.
  • the volume of the small reservoir is substantially less than the volume of the pressure vessel 102.
  • valves 212 and 132 are closed and the diverter valve 216 diverts high-pressure fluid into the pressure vessel 102 to initiate another permeate production cycle.
  • the small reservoir 240 allows for storage of a small amount of permeate to prevent permeate flow reversal.
  • osmotic pressure may draw permeate into the membrane 100 illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • FIG. 10 an embodiment of a reverse osmosis system 300 similar to that illustrated above in Fig. 9 is illustrated and thus will have the same reference numerals.
  • a positive displacement pump as illustrated in Fig. 9, may not have enough capacity for a large reverse osmosis process.
  • the positive displacement pump 116 of Fig. 9 may be replaced with a centrifugal pump 310.
  • the centrifugal pump 310 may be driven by a motor 312 which in turn is controlled by a variable frequency drive 314.
  • the variable frequency drive 314 may change the pump speed gradually to increase the pressure as needed to achieve the desired permeate production based on the flow rate signal from a flow meter 320 within the permeate output 140.
  • the flow meter 132 provides a signal corresponding to the flow or amount of permeate within the permeate pipe 140.
  • This embodiment includes a check valve 324 that replaces valve 212 of Fig. 9.
  • the check valve 324 opens when a lower pressure is provided at the input 214 to the pressure vessel 102. That is, when the pressure vessel 102 is at a lower pressure than the charge reservoir 210, the check valve 324 opens. When the input 214 is pressurized by fluid at high pressure from the pump 310, the check valve 324 is closed.
  • the permeate production cycle thus allows low-pressure fluid to fill the pressure vessel 102 when the pressure vessel is at a low pressure due to the opening of the valve 132. High pressure is generated with the pump 310 and permeate is produced as described above.
  • the recharge cycle is initiated by a signal from the flow meter 320 that indicates that a desired amount of permeate has been produced and the permeate production cycle may be terminated.
  • the speed of the pump 310 is reduced to zero, which allows the check valve 324 to open since the charge reservoir 210 is at a higher pressure.
  • Gravity may be used to provide low-pressure sea water into the pressure vessel until the brine has been fully flushed as described above using the timer or concentration meter 230 and/or the flow meter 232.
  • the valve 132 is closed and the variable frequency drive 314 causes the pump 310 to increase speed to raise the pressure in the input pipe 214 which allows the check valve 324 to close. The speed of the pump and pressure generated thereby continue to increase and thus the permeate production cycle again is completed.
  • a high capacity reverse batch-operated reverse osmosis system 400 is set forth.
  • elements similar to those in Fig. 10 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • a plurality of membrane elements 412 may be disposed within an enlarged pressure vessel 410.
  • the membrane elements 412 may be disposed tightly within the pressure vessel 410 and against the outer wall of the pressure vessel 410.
  • the pressure vessel 410 may include multiple membrane elements. As illustrated, this embodiment includes four sub-chambers 414a, 414b, 414c and 414d as shown.
  • a partitions 416 may be used to divide the pressure vessel into the sub-chambers 414.
  • an inlet space 418 and an outlet space 420 may be provided within each sub- chamber.
  • the outlet spaces 420 are coupled to an outlet manifold 432.
  • the inlet manifold 430 is fluidically coupled to the pump 310.
  • a brine tank 440 having a top portion 442 and a bottom portion 444 may be fluidically coupled between the input manifold 430 and the outlet manifold 432.
  • the top portion 442 and the bottom portion 444 are determined relative to the earth.
  • the brine tank 440 may include an upper flow distribution plate 446 near top portion 442 and a lower flow distribution plate 448 near bottom portion 444.
  • the upper flow distribution plate 446 and the lower flow distribution plate 448 act in a similar manner to flow distribution plate 170 of Fig. 8 to reduce turbulence and mixing.
  • a brine feed pipe 450 extends from the top portion 442 of the brine tank 440.
  • the brine feed pipe 450 is positioned between the top of the tank and the flow distribution plate 446. Brine fluid from the brine tank 440 is fluidically coupled to the input manifold 430 through the brine pipe 450.
  • the brine inlet pipe 452 may be positioned between the bottom 444 of the brine tank 440 and the flow distribution plate 448.
  • a booster pump 460 driven by motor 462 may be used to pump the concentrated brine fluid from the outlet manifold 432 into the brine tank 440.
  • the booster pump 460 maintains a continuous loop of concentrated brine from the outlet manifold 432 through the brine tank inlet pipe 452 through brine tank 440 and through the brine fluid feed pipe 450 into the inlet manifold 430.
  • the high-pressure pump 310 pressurizes fluid from the fluid reservoir 114 to the desired pressure to produce a desired amount of permeate that exists the pressure vessel 410.
  • the flow signal from the flow meter 320 provides feedback to the variable frequency device 314 which in turn adjusts the speed of the motor 312 driving the pump 310.
  • the amount of permeate production is adjusted by controlling the motor 312 as measured by the flow signal.
  • the flow distribution plates 446 and 448 allow non-turbulent entry of flow into and out of the brine tank 440 to maintain a favorable concentration gradient in the brine tank 440. Relatively dense brine is positioned at the bottom of a tank and lighter, less concentrated brine is positioned at the top of the tank 440.
  • the flow distribution plates 446, 448 prevent or reduce mixing so that stratified brine concentrations are formed with the brine tank 440.
  • the brine tank 440 is filled with salt water at the beginning of the charge cycle.
  • the brine tank 440 is opened by opening check valve 324 and valve 132.
  • the check valve 324 is closed and the feed pump 310 begins to circulate fluid to each of the membrane chambers 414a-3.
  • Permeate is formed through the permeate outlet 140.
  • Brine is collected in the outlet manifold 432 where it is re- circulated using pump 460 into the lower or bottom end of the brine tank 444.
  • the dense brine 444 pushes the salt water which is less dense up through the outlet pipe 450 to the inlet manifold 430. The process continues until an amount of permeate or a particular concentration of brine is achieved.
  • the system may also include a small reservoir 240 that acts in a similar manner to that described above in Fig. 10.
  • valve 132 opens and the pressure in brine tank 440 is reduced. This causes the pressure to be reduced in the brine tank 440.
  • the check valve 324 opens and fresh seawater enters the brine tank 440. The check valve 324 and valve 132 are closed at the start of the next permeate production cycle.
  • FIG. 12 an embodiment of a reverse osmosis system 500 using two brine tanks 440a and 440b is illustrated.
  • the system is down for recharging of the brine tank 440.
  • the permeate flow is not required to be interrupted while waiting for a brine tank to be recharged with new feed.
  • the pressure vessel 430 is supplied with high-pressure feed from the brine tank 440a through the inlet manifold 430 and a three-way valve 500.
  • the three-way valve 500 is positioned between the top of the brine tanks 440a and 440b.
  • the high-pressure pump 310 provides high pressure fluid from the feed reservoir 114 into the inlet manifold 430 as in the previous embodiment of Fig. 11.
  • the three-way valves allow the first brine tank 440a or the second brine tank 440b to be used during batch processing. When one tank is off-line, the other tank is on-line.
  • Each system operates in a similar manner to that described above in Fig. 11.
  • valve 132b associated with the brine tank 440b may be already in the closed position and check valve 324b prevents flow back toward the reservoir 114.
  • An equalization valve 520 that is fluidically coupled between the tanks 440a and 440b is slowly opened to bring the brine tanks 440a and 440b to the same pressure.
  • the three-way valves 500 and 510 are operated to change the flow direction so that the brine recirculation loop is through the second brine tank 440b.
  • the equalization valve 520 is closed thereafter. The process then continues using the second brine tank 440b in the loop.
  • equalization valve 202 is closed.
  • the drain valve 132a under the first tank is open and permits brine to pass through to the drain 134.
  • Gravity allows feed from the reservoir 114 to flow into the brine tank 440a.
  • the system then continually repeats.
  • a centrifugal pump 310 the pump is always discharging at high pressure alternatively into one of the brine tanks.
  • the membrane array is continuously pressurized which eliminates significant mechanical movement and stress during pressurization and depressurization required in Fig. 11.
  • a number of independent arrays, each equipped with its own brine circulating pump 460, may be operated in a continuous mode using one or more high-pressure batch tanks than the number of independent arrays.
  • the valves may thus be provided in a similar arrangement. It should also be noted that the three-way valves and the pressure equalization valve may be provided in a single unit.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'osmose inverse en communication de fluide avec un réservoir de fluide, et un procédé d'utilisation de celui-ci, comprenant un récipient de pression ayant une membrane dans celui-ci, une entrée de fluide haute pression, une entrée de fluide basse pression, une sortie de perméat et une sortie de saumure. Le système comprend en outre une soupape haute pression, une soupape basse pression et une pompe haute pression en communication de fluide avec l'entrée haute pression à travers la soupape haute pression. Le système comprend en outre une pompe basse pression en communication de fluide avec l'entrée basse pression à travers la soupape basse pression. La pompe haute pression et la pompe basse pression sont en communication de fluide avec le réservoir de fluide. La pompe basse pression remplit initialement le récipient de pression, et la pompe haute pression fonctionne pendant une production de perméat.
PCT/US2008/088548 2008-01-04 2008-12-30 Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot WO2009088866A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08869313.0A EP2234701B1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2008-12-30 Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot
ES08869313.0T ES2624627T3 (es) 2008-01-04 2008-12-30 Sistema de ósmosis inversa operada por lotes

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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US1911008P 2008-01-04 2008-01-04
US61/019,110 2008-01-04
US2475008P 2008-01-30 2008-01-30
US61/024,750 2008-01-30
US12/342,198 US8808538B2 (en) 2008-01-04 2008-12-23 Batch-operated reverse osmosis system
US12/342,198 2008-12-23

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WO2009088866A1 true WO2009088866A1 (fr) 2009-07-16

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PCT/US2008/088555 WO2009088870A1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2008-12-30 Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot muni de multiples membranes dans un récipient sous pression
PCT/US2008/088548 WO2009088866A1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2008-12-30 Système d'osmose inverse à fonctionnement par lot

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EP (2) EP2234701B1 (fr)
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AU (1) AU2008347315B2 (fr)
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ES (2) ES2624627T3 (fr)
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AU2008347315B2 (en) 2013-07-04
EP2234701A1 (fr) 2010-10-06
US8808538B2 (en) 2014-08-19
EP2237863B1 (fr) 2017-05-17
KR101551166B1 (ko) 2015-09-08
SA109300011B1 (ar) 2013-11-04
KR20100106538A (ko) 2010-10-01
US20090173691A1 (en) 2009-07-09
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ES2627302T3 (es) 2017-07-27
DK2237863T3 (en) 2017-08-07
AU2008347315A1 (en) 2009-07-16
EP2237863A1 (fr) 2010-10-13
US20090173690A1 (en) 2009-07-09
EP2234701B1 (fr) 2017-04-12
WO2009088870A1 (fr) 2009-07-16
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KR101565366B1 (ko) 2015-11-03
US8147692B2 (en) 2012-04-03

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