WO2009086585A1 - Magnesium based alloy - Google Patents
Magnesium based alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009086585A1 WO2009086585A1 PCT/AU2008/001902 AU2008001902W WO2009086585A1 WO 2009086585 A1 WO2009086585 A1 WO 2009086585A1 AU 2008001902 W AU2008001902 W AU 2008001902W WO 2009086585 A1 WO2009086585 A1 WO 2009086585A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- content
- weight
- magnesium based
- based alloy
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to magnesium based alloys and, more particularly, to magnesium based alloys which can be cast by high pressure die casting (HPDC) .
- HPDC is a highly productive process for mass production of light alloy components. While the casting integrity of sand casting and low pressure/gravity permanent mould castings is generally higher than HPDC, HPDC is a less expensive technology for higher volume mass production. HPDC is gaining popularity among automobile manufacturers in North America and is the predominant process used for casting aluminium alloy engine blocks in Europe and Asia. In recent years, the search for an elevated temperature magnesium alloy has focused primarily on the HPDC processing route and several alloys have been developed. HPDC is considered to be a good option for achieving high productivity rates and thus reducing the cost of manufacture.
- WO2006/105594 relates to a magnesium based alloy consisting of, by weight: 1.5-4.0% rare earth element (s),
- Alloys according to WO2006/105594 have demonstrated excellent high temperature creep properties but have proven somewhat difficult to die cast. The present inventors have ascertained that fluidity and hot tearing resistance during die casting and the oxidation resistance of the molten alloy is improved by increasing the proportion of lanthanum in alloys according to WO2006/105594.
- rare earth is to be understood to mean any element or combination of elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71, ie . lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu) .
- the present invention provides a magnesium based alloy consisting of, by weight :
- the total lanthanum and cerium content of the alloy is preferably 1.5-3.5% by weight, more preferably 1.8-3.0%, and most preferably 2.0-2.8%.
- the lanthanum and cerium improve the castability and also the creep strength of the alloy.
- a greater lanthanum content than cerium content further improves the castability of the alloy, particularly the hot tearing resistance of the alloy.
- Higher ratios of lanthanum to cerium typically give the alloy greater ductility and even greater resistance to hot tearing.
- a higher total lanthanum and cerium content is beneficial to the creep resistance of the alloy with a concomitant reduction in the ductility of the alloy.
- the rare earth element content of the alloy may optionally contain neodymium, in which embodiment the rare earth element content is predominantly lanthanum, cerium and neodymium.
- neodymium improves the creep resistance of the alloy.
- the neodymium content of the alloy may be reduced to improve the castability of the alloy, in particular its resistance to hot tearing.
- the neodymium content is preferably 0.5- 2.0% by weight of the alloy, more preferably 0.5-1.5% by weight, more preferably about 1% by weight.
- the rare earth elements are typically derived from a lanthanum misch metal containing lanthanum, cerium, optionally neodymium, a modest amount of praseodymium (Pr) and trace amounts of other rare earths.
- the rare earth elements can be derived from a cerium misch metal, together with pure lanthanum to provide the greater lanthanum content relative to the cerium content.
- the rare earth elements may be derived from a commercial purity source of lanthanum.
- the neodymium may be derived from one or both of the above misch metals, a pure source of neodymium, didymium (a neodymium rich neodymium-praseodymium alloy) or any combination thereof.
- Yttrium is an optional component which may be included. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inclusion of yttrium is believed to be beneficial for both melt protection and creep resistance. However, the yttrium content of the alloy may be reduced to improve the castability of the alloy, in particular its resistance to hot tearing. When present, the yttrium content is preferably 0.005%-0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01-0.4% by weight, more preferably 0.05-0.3% by weight, and most preferably 0.1-0.2% by weight.
- the lanthanum or cerium misch metal from which the rare earth elements are derived may optionally also contain yttrium.
- the yttrium content may thus be derived from these misch metals .
- the yttrium content may also be derived from a pure source of yttrium, a magnesium- yttrium master alloy or any combination thereof with or without the misch metals .
- Gadolinium is an optional element which may be included. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inclusion of gadolinium is believed to be beneficial to both creep resistance and the oxidation resistance of the melt.
- the gadolinium addition may be made instead of an yttrium addition.
- the gadolinium addition may however be made in combination with an yttrium addition.
- the gadolinium content is preferably 0.005%-0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01-0.4% by weight, more preferably 0.05-0.3% by weight, and most preferably 0.1- 0.2% by weight
- alloys according to the present invention contain at least 94.0% magnesium, more preferably 95-96% magnesium, and most preferably about 95.3-95.7% magnesium.
- the zinc content is 0.2- 0.8% by weight, preferably 0.2-0.6%, more preferably about 0.4%.
- the aluminium content is preferably 0.05-0.15% by weight, more preferably 0.08-0.12% by weight, more preferably about 0.1% by weight. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inclusion of these small amounts of aluminium in the alloys of the present invention is believed to improve the creep properties of the alloys.
- the beryllium content is 0-25 ppm. When present, the beryllium content is preferably 4-20 ppm, more preferably 4-15 ppm, more preferably 6-13 ppm, such as 8-12 ppm although beryllium is preferably absent when yttrium is present as yttrium has a similar effect to beryllium at low yttrium levels.
- beryllium When present, beryllium would typically be introduced by way of an aluminium- beryllium master alloy, such as an Al -5% Be alloy. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inclusion of beryllium is believed to improve the die castability of the alloy. Again, without wishing to be bound by theory, the inclusion of beryllium is also believed to improve the oxidation resistance of the molten alloy and in particular improves the retention of the rare earth element (s) in the alloys against oxidation losses. Reduction in iron content can be achieved by addition of zirconium which precipitates iron from the molten alloy. Accordingly, the zirconium contents specified herein are residual zirconium contents. However, it is to be noted that zirconium may be incorporated at two different stages. Firstly, on manufacture of the alloy and secondly, following remelting of the alloy prior to casting. Preferably, the zirconium content will be the minimum amount required to achieve satisfactory iron removal. Typically, the zirconium content will be less than 0.1%
- Manganese is an optional component of the alloy. When present, the manganese content will typically be about 0.1%. Calcium (Ca) is an optional component which may be included, especially in circumstances where adequate melt protection through cover gas atmosphere control is not possible. This is particularly the case when the casting process does not involve a closed system.
- the incidental impurity content is zero but it is to be appreciated that this is essentially impossible. Accordingly, it is preferred that the incidental impurity content is less than 0.15%, more preferably less than 0.1%, more preferably less than 0.01%, and still more preferably less than 0.001%.
- the present invention provides an engine block for an internal combustion engine produced by high pressure die casting an alloy according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a component of an automotive powertrain formed from an alloy according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the component of the powertrain may be the engine block or a portion of an engine such as a cover, sump or brackets.
- the component of the powertrain may be the transmission housing or another transmission component.
- Specific reference is made above to powertrains but it is to be noted that alloys of the present invention may find use in other elevated temperature applications as well as in low temperature applications.
- Specific reference is also made above to HPDC but it is to be noted that alloys of the present invention may be cast by techniques other than HPDC including thixomoulding, thixocasting, permanent mould casting and sand casting.
- the present invention provides an article formed from an alloy according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- a high-Nd variant die casting alloy has a composition:
- This alloy was removed from a proprietary cover gas protection known as AM-cover by immersing a cylinder with a 10mm diameter hole in the bottom. Dry air at 2 1/min was introduced to the top of the cylinder. The base of the cylinder was immersed into the molten alloy to a depth of 50mm and the condition of the surface of the melt was observed.
- AM-cover cover gas protection
- the rare earths were added as a cerium-based misch metal (which contained cerium, lanthanum and some neodymium) and elemental lanthanum and neodymium.
- the yttrium and zinc were added in their elemental forms.
- the beryllium was added as an aluminium-beryllium master alloy.
- the aluminium was added as this master alloy supplemented with elemental aluminium or where beryllium was not added, as elemental aluminium alone.
- the zirconium was added through a proprietary Mg-Zr master alloy known as AM-cast.
- the balance of the alloys was magnesium except for incidental impurities. Standard melt handling procedures were used throughout preparation of the alloys.
- Figure 1 shows the creep results for 177°C and 90MPa for Alloys A, B, C, D, E and F. This set of creep curves illustrates the dramatic effect that compositional variations had on creep performance in alloys of the present invention.
- the control alloy (Alloy A) displayed a relatively poor creep resistance under the imposed test conditions, entering into tertiary creep quite early in the test ( ⁇ 50 hours) and ending with 1.3% creep strain when the test was terminated at 600 hours. This was consistent with previous results for other alloy variants that contained no Al/Be addition for melt protection.
- Figure 2 shows the creep results for 177 0 C and 90MPa for Alloys G and H. Both Alloys G and H had delayed tertiary creep to beyond the duration of the test.
- the creep resistance of Alloy H, as shown in Figure 2, compared favourably to Alloy X prepared in accordance with WO2006/105594 and having a composition by weight of:
- the processing window for which sound castings can be obtained is much wider for these two alloys than for Alloy X referred to above.
- an alloy requires a low susceptibility to hot tearing, good die filling characteristics and reduced susceptibility to the formation of defects at the intersection of flow fronts in the die.
- FIG. 3 shows the channels of a three-part gating system on the right hand side of the casting (known in the art as "runners") through which the molten alloy flows into the die. The "overflows" can be seen on the opposing side (the left hand side) of the casting to the runners . The overflows and runners are broken off after casting.
- the castability test die was used to produce a casting of Alloy H.
- the as-cast surface quality of this casting of Alloy H is shown in Figure 3 (b) .
- Alloys I, J and H were cast by high pressure die casting using the castability test die referred to above in Example 2 to study the effect of lanthanum and cerium on the castability of the alloy.
- Figure 4 shows the internal defect structure of the same section of the castings of (a) Alloy I, (b) Alloy J and (c) Alloy H.
- Alloy I (0.66% wt cerium, 0.37% wt lanthanum) was found to have a large amount of internal cracking after casting.
- the lanthanum to cerium ratio to greater than 1:1 in Alloy J (0.68% wt lanthanum, 0.28% wt cerium) the amount of internal cracking can be seen in Figure 4 (b) to have been reduced and the overall quality of the casting improved.
- Alloy H which has a greater total lanthanum and cerium content (1.7% wt lanthanum, 1.1% wt cerium) as well as a ratio of lanthanum to cerium above 1:1 and a reduced neodymium content (0.7% wt neodymium compared to 1.62% wt neodymium in Alloy I and 1.69% wt in Alloy J) .
- Almost no internal cracking was observed for the casting of Alloy H. It can also be seen in Figure 4(c) that Alloy H has a good resistance to the formation of internal flow defects and hot tearing.
- a reduction in flow lines when high pressure die casting using Alloy H as compared to Alloy I is also likely to be responsible for the reduction in internal cracking in Alloy H.
- Flow lines are formed during HPDC where flows of molten alloy from runners into the die meet the flow of other runners . Oxidation of the alloy occurs on the surfaces of these flows which meet to form the visible flow lines of oxidised alloy within the casting.
- the higher yttrium content in Alloy H is responsible for this effect as this improves the recovery rate of beryllium from the master alloy addition and also influences the beryllium's oxidation rate from the molten alloy.
- Figure 6 illustrates the improved surface appearance of HPDC castings from (a) Alloy I and (b) Alloy H, with the higher lanthanum and beryllium content alloy (Alloy H) having a much improved surface appearance .
- Figure 7 shows the creep results for Alloy K to Alloy P at 177 0 C and 90 MPa. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the creep response improves with an increase in the neodymium content of the alloy (refer to Table 3) . Alloy K, Alloy M, Alloy N and Alloy P also have very similar compositions in all the other alloying elements except for the neodymium content . The curves indicate that the neodymium content in the alloy should be greater than about 0.5 wt . % in order to obtain a creep response that is suitable for elevated temperature applications .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801243855A CN102317486A (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
EP08869953A EP2231890A4 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
AU2008346713A AU2008346713A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
US12/808,281 US20100310409A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
CA2711753A CA2711753A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
JP2010541658A JP2011509350A (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2008900089 | 2008-01-09 | ||
AU2008900089A AU2008900089A0 (en) | 2008-01-09 | Magnesium based alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009086585A1 true WO2009086585A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
Family
ID=40852694
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2008/001902 WO2009086585A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2008-12-23 | Magnesium based alloy |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100310409A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2231890A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011509350A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102317486A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008346713A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2711753A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009086585A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011042847A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-03 | Peter Stolfig | Magnesium alloy |
CN101994047A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-03-30 | 彼得·驶多飞 | Magnesium alloy |
EP2481825A1 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2012-08-01 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH | Magnesium alloy containing rare earth metals |
CN103038379A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-04-10 | 联邦科学与工业研究组织 | Magnesium-based alloy for wrought applications |
CN105525178A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-27 | 上海交通大学深圳研究院 | High-thermal-conductivity die-castable Mg-Y-Zr series multielement magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106148785A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
WO2020171758A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | Husqvarna Ab | A magnesium alloy, a piston manufactured by said magnesium alloy and a method for manufacturing said piston |
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US11491257B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2022-11-08 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Bioresorbable metal alloy and implants |
KR101516378B1 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2015-05-06 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Magnesium alloy, method for manufacturing magnesium alloy sheet, and magnesium alloy sheet |
CN104278184B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-08-25 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of high strength heat resistant magnesium-rare earth and preparation method thereof |
CN105543604B (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2017-07-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy and its preparation method and application |
CN105525172A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-04-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy as well as preparation method thereof and application thereof |
WO2016118444A1 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Radiation shielding and mitigating alloys, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
IL238698B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-04-30 | Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd | Creep resistant, ductile magnesium alloys for die casting |
CN111826564A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Absorbable magnesium alloy cosmetic line and preparation method thereof |
GB2583482A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-11-04 | Univ Brunel | A casting magnesium alloy for providing improved thermal conductivity |
CN110468319B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-05-18 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Mg-Y-Nd- (La + Ce) -Zr biodegradable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN110592452A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽包钢稀土永磁合金制造有限责任公司 | High-strength magnesium rare earth alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN110669972B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-06-11 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | High-strength corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN111607728A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 东北大学 | Low-cost wrought magnesium alloy reinforced by light rare earth elements Ce and Sm and preparation method thereof |
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US3157496A (en) * | 1962-09-13 | 1964-11-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium base alloy containing small amounts of rare earth metal |
GB1023128A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1966-03-16 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium-base alloys |
US4116731A (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1978-09-26 | Nina Mikhailovna Tikhova | Heat treated and aged magnesium-base alloy |
EP0361136B1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1993-07-28 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | High strength magnesium-based alloys |
WO1996024701A1 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-08-15 | British Aluminium Holdings Limited | Magnesium alloys |
EP1329530B1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2004-08-11 | Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd. | High temperature resistant magnesium alloys |
WO2006105594A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-12 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Magnesium alloy |
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GB637040A (en) * | 1948-01-06 | 1950-05-10 | Magnesium Elektron Ltd | Improvements in or relating to magnesium base alloys |
JPH0941065A (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1997-02-10 | Takeshi Masumoto | High strength magnesium alloy and its production |
AUPS311202A0 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2002-07-18 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Creep resistant magnesium alloy |
-
2008
- 2008-12-23 AU AU2008346713A patent/AU2008346713A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-23 JP JP2010541658A patent/JP2011509350A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-23 EP EP08869953A patent/EP2231890A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-23 WO PCT/AU2008/001902 patent/WO2009086585A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-23 CA CA2711753A patent/CA2711753A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-23 US US12/808,281 patent/US20100310409A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-23 CN CN2008801243855A patent/CN102317486A/en active Pending
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US3157496A (en) * | 1962-09-13 | 1964-11-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium base alloy containing small amounts of rare earth metal |
GB1023128A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1966-03-16 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium-base alloys |
US4116731A (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1978-09-26 | Nina Mikhailovna Tikhova | Heat treated and aged magnesium-base alloy |
EP0361136B1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1993-07-28 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | High strength magnesium-based alloys |
WO1996024701A1 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-08-15 | British Aluminium Holdings Limited | Magnesium alloys |
EP1329530B1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2004-08-11 | Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd. | High temperature resistant magnesium alloys |
WO2006105594A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-12 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Magnesium alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101994047A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-03-30 | 彼得·驶多飞 | Magnesium alloy |
JP2011042847A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-03 | Peter Stolfig | Magnesium alloy |
CN103038379A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-04-10 | 联邦科学与工业研究组织 | Magnesium-based alloy for wrought applications |
US9945011B2 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2018-04-17 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Magnesium-based alloy for wrought applications |
EP2481825A1 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2012-08-01 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH | Magnesium alloy containing rare earth metals |
CN105525178A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-27 | 上海交通大学深圳研究院 | High-thermal-conductivity die-castable Mg-Y-Zr series multielement magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106148785A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
WO2020171758A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | Husqvarna Ab | A magnesium alloy, a piston manufactured by said magnesium alloy and a method for manufacturing said piston |
US11926887B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2024-03-12 | Husqvarna Ab | Magnesium alloy, a piston manufactured by said magnesium alloy and a method for manufacturing said piston |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102317486A (en) | 2012-01-11 |
JP2011509350A (en) | 2011-03-24 |
EP2231890A4 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
AU2008346713A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
US20100310409A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
CA2711753A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
EP2231890A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
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