CN106148785A - A kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, belong to light metal material technical field.This wrought magnesium alloy chemical composition mass percent is: zinc Zn0.1~0.8%, gadolinium Gd0.1~0.8%, calcium Ca0.1~0.3%, manganese Mn 0-0.5%, and remaining is magnesium and inevitable impurity.The present invention adds the texture that trace rare-earth Gd element weakens deformation material, improves alloy plasticity;Add a small amount of Ca in casting process, not only play fire retardation, and define tiny hardening constituent in the alloy, not only do not damage the plasticity of deformation material but also improve alloy strength, the magnesium alloy of the present invention has good thermoplasticity processing characteristics, can realize that continuous multi-pass aximal deformation value rolls or extrusion process, the wrought magnesium alloy of preparation has high room temperature percentage elongation and forming property, and room temperature percentage elongation reaches 30~50%, and has higher intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light metal material technical field, be specifically related to a kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has that proportion is little, specific strength is high, high-damping, high-termal conductivity and the advantage such as damping property is good, be easily recycled increasingly
Favored by market.Especially as the development of automobile and 3C electronics industry, there is in room temperature the change of good plasticity and forming property
The demand of shape magnesium alloy is more and more urgent.But, existing commercial wrought magnesium alloy, such as AZ31, there is strong basal plane texture,
Causing that temperature-room type plasticity low (typically 15~20%), anisotropy are big, the strain hardening factor is little, room temperature secondary plastic forming is stranded
Difficult.Thus, further plastic working needs to be heated to more than 225 DEG C, causes that production efficiency is low, production cost is high.So, urgently
Need to develop and there is under room temperature high ductibility, the Low-cost wrought magnesium alloy being suitable for room temperature shaping.
Research shows, microalloying of rare earth can cause the randomization that recrystal grain is orientated, and weakens wrought magnesium alloy texture, even shape
Become non-basal plane texture, thus improve temperature-room type plasticity and the forming property of magnesium alloy.Thus, designed and excellent by magnesium-rare earth alloy composition
Change regulation and control texture, be the effective ways preparing room temperature high-ductility wrought magnesium alloy, be current field of magnesium alloy material Research Emphasis it
One.
Applicant's early stage application " rolling mill practice of a kind of high-ductility, the Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy of less anisotropy and sheet material thereof
(CN 101857933B) ", composition and the percentage by weight of this proprietary alloy be: 1.1-2%Zn, 0.9-1.1%RE, and magnesium is balance
Surplus, after rolling, sheet material reaches more than 30% along the percentage elongation of rolling direction, and horizontal percentage elongation reaches 36%.Applicant also Shen
Please measure " a kind of low Gd content, high ductibility magnesium alloy sheet material and hot rolling process thereof (application number:
201210461370.6) ", the composition of alloy is Zn:0.9-2.1%, Gd 0.2-0.8%, manganese 0-0.09%, and remaining is magnesium, after rolling
Sheet material is 35% along rolling direction, and it is 100-120MP that laterally elongated rate reaches 45%. its yield strengths, and tensile strength is 229-
253MPa., while ensureing to have good temperature-room type plasticity, reduces the constituent content of alloy, the especially content of rare earth element,
Reduce the cost of alloy." high ductibility magnesium-rare earth (CN103993212A) " discloses a kind of Mg-(0.1-2) Zn-(1-2) Y
High ductibility magnesium-rare earth, after extruding and rolling, the tensile strength of sheet material is 200-210MPa, and yield strength is 130-
145MPa, percentage elongation is 25-30%.
The alloy of three above patent has preferable temperature-room type plasticity, and content of rare earth is few, and cost of alloy is relatively low, but the processing of alloy
Plasticity and intensity are undesirable.Thus, people develop high-strength and high ductility wrought magnesium alloy by increasing content of rare earth, as " one is high-strength
The patent of invention of degree high plastic magnesium alloy (CN101698917A) ", discloses a kind of Mg-(1.3-2.5) Mn-(2-6) Gd-(0.1-0.6) Zr
High-ductile alloy, after extruding, average tensile strength is 216Mpa, yield strength 153Mpa, elongation percentage 35%." one contains dilute
The patent of invention of the high plastic magnesium alloy (CN200410081258.5) of soil yttrium ", is hindered by adding Rare Earth Y in ZK60 alloy
Growing up of recrystal grain in hot extrusion process, further crystal grain thinning, thus under the conditions of keeping alloy high strength, improve it mould
Property, alloy Mg-(5-8.5) Zn-(0.7-2.0) Y-(0.6-0.8) Zr in this invention, the room temperature tensile intensity after extruding is
322-337MPa, percentage elongation is 18-21.5%.But these proprietary alloy sacrifice plasticity and the forming property of room temperature, and rare earth
The increase of content causes cost of alloy to increase, and is unfavorable for industrialization promotion.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to the room temperature high-ductility wrought magnesium alloy with well processed plasticity of development low cost.
Content of the invention
For business AZ31 wrought magnesium alloy temperature-room type plasticity difference, forming property difference shortcoming, some have preferable temperature-room type plasticity and become
The low problem of the alloy strength of shape performance, and some R&D works cause temperature-room type plasticity to drop by improving content of rare earth and improving intensity
The problem that low, cost increases, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, this
Invention is for having good thermoplasticity processing characteristics, and the material prepared of plastic working has the low cost change of good temperature-room type plasticity and intensity
Shape magnesium alloy, this magnesium alloy has good rolling performance (passes deflection is more than 30%) and extrusion performance (extruding outlet speed
Degree is not less than 20m/min), and (room temperature percentage elongation is more than 30%, and room temperature tensile is bent to have excellent temperature-room type plasticity and forming property
Take intensity and be more than 110MPa), can apply to Aero-Space, computer, communication and consumer electronics product etc. needs to carry out two
The wrought magnesium alloy sheet material of secondary shaping and section bar etc..
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that
A kind of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy, by weight percentage, this wrought magnesium alloy chemical composition is: zinc (Zn)
0.1~0.8%, gadolinium (Gd) 0.1~0.8%, calcium (Ca) 0.01-0.5%, remaining is magnesium (Mg) and inevitable impurity;This magnesium
Also can contain grain refining element in alloy, described grain refining element is manganese (Mn), and content is 0.1-0.5wt%.
By weight percentage, the preferred chemical composition of this wrought magnesium alloy is: zinc (Zn) 0.1~0.4%, gadolinium (Gd) 0.2~0.8
%, calcium (Ca) 0.1-0.3%, manganese (Mn) 0.1-0.3%, remaining is magnesium (Mg) and inevitable impurity.
Above-mentioned deformed magnesium alloy material surface flawless when plastic working state, room temperature percentage elongation is 30~50%, and room temperature tensile is bent
Take intensity and be more than 100MPa.
Design principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is to make full use of the texture attenuation effect of trace Gd solid solution atom pair wrought magnesium alloy, and the crystalline substance of cheap Ca element
Grain refinement and the invigoration effect forming precipitated phase, Ca has fire retardation to liquid magnesium alloy simultaneously.Realize Alloy At Room Temperature high-ductility
While, put forward heavy alloyed intensity and casting character.Make a concrete analysis of as follows:
The wrought magnesium alloy with room temperature high-ductility typically at least should have the following characteristics that
1) alloy can form weak basal plane texture or non-basal plane texture after plastic working;
2) without large-sized fragility the second phase in alloy, will not thus the second phase is poor with basal body binding force or self fragility is big and lead
Cause premature failure.
Research shows trace rare-earth, as Y Ce Gd etc., obvious texture attenuation effect is produced to magnesium especially Mg-Zn system alloy, closes
Non-basal plane texture can be formed after Jin Jing rolling and extruding, be conducive to improving its temperature-room type plasticity and forming property.Rare earth alloy element weakens
The order of texture effect is Y < Ce < Gd, and wherein the texture attenuation effect of the highest Gd of solid solubility is best, and in such alloy, Zn's contains
Amount is generally less than 2wt%, and the more heavy alloyed rolling of Zn content and extrusion performance are poorer.Thus, for ensureing good texture attenuation effect
Fruit and thermoplasticity processing characteristics, in the present invention, the content of Zn and Gd all controls at below 1wt%.Zn, Gd content of the present invention designs
Scope is respectively Zn 0.09-0.8wt%, Gd 0.1-0.8wt%.
The schedule of reinforcement of magnesium alloy has solution strengthening, ageing strengthening and refined crystalline strengthening, due to Mg-Zn-RE alloy Rare-Earth Content
Few, solid solution strengthening effect and ageing strengthening poor effect, if strengthening solid solution or ageing strengthening effect by increasing content of rare earth,
On the one hand can increase cost of alloy, on the other hand, more large-sized second phase can be formed and damage plasticity.Thus, for avoiding
Form large-sized second phase and increase cost of alloy, need to add cheap and only need to produce dispersion-strengtherning effect on a small quantity
Really, it is also less prone to form large-sized second phase simultaneously, and do not interfere with the alloying element of rare earth element texture attenuation effect.Data
Show, Ca can Refining Mg Alloy crystal grain, improve alloy melt burning-point, there is fire retardation, also improve the creep properties of alloy
Energy;Phase Diagram Analysis discovery trace Ca and Zn and Mg can form the Ca of nano-scale2Mg6Zn3Mutually with nanometer GP district, this yardstick
The second phase not only there is well strengthening effect, and do not interfere with texture attenuation effect and room temperature to wrought magnesium alloy for the rare earth and mould
Property.On the one hand therefore, consider that newly-designed alloy has excellent fire resistance, on the other hand in order to control present in alloy the
Two phasors and size, it is ensured that the thermoplasticity processing characteristics of alloy, Zn, Ca content scope of design of the present invention is respectively Zn 0.09-
0.8wt%, Ca 0.1-0.3wt%.
Mn is used to iron content in control magnesium alloy, improves the important alloy element of corrosion resistance.Meanwhile, Mn also can play
The effects such as crystal grain thinning, increase alloy heat resistance, but the Mn addition as non-host element in the magnesium alloy is usually no more than
0.5wt%.The content designing Mn in the present invention is 0-0.5wt%.
Owing to during extruding, blank is in three-dimensional compressive stress state, crackle is difficult to be formed, and is more suitable for being difficult to the magnesium alloy of rolling processing.
Experimental study shows, has the alloy of good rolling performance, has more excellent extrusion performance equally.Additionally in view of forging or
Under the fabrication process conditions such as drawing, the stress state of blank approximates or is better than stress state when rolling, crackle also more difficult formation.Cause
This, if a kind of alloy can be suitable for using rolling mill practice to produce required material, be also more suitable for using other plastic working techniques, as
The techniques such as extruding, forging, drawing produce.
Above-mentioned room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy, its preparation technology comprises the steps:
1) prepared by alloy pig: by alloying component dispensing, with simple metal or intermediate alloy as raw material, smelts and is cast as alloy cast
Ingot, described ingot casting produces for using metal pattern, sand mold gravitational casting or semi-continuous casting method;
2) plastic working: carrying out plastic working after alloy cast ingot is heated to deformation temperature insulation, deformation temperature is 250-500 DEG C
(preferably scope is 300~480 DEG C);Described plastic working be extruding, rolling and drawing be plastically deformed in processing technology arbitrary
Kind;
3) make annealing treatment: the magnesium alloy after plastic working makes annealing treatment, and annealing temperature is 200-450 DEG C, time 0..1 hour
~24 hours, it is thus achieved that described room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy.Annealing condition is preferably: annealing temperature 250~400 DEG C,
Annealing time 0.1~10 hour.
Present invention have the advantage that
1st, the rare-earth Gd of the magnesium alloy in the present invention has texture attenuation effect, and Ca has fire retardation, and crystal grain refines and formed carefully
Little second phase produces the effect of dispersion-strengtherning, can realize fire-retardant, texture attenuation and dispersion-strengtherning simultaneously, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature simultaneously
Plasticity and intensity;In alloy, Gd content is low, and only 0.1~0.8%, Ca are cheap and content is few, alloy raw material low cost.
2nd, the wrought magnesium alloy of the present invention has non-basal plane texture, and room temperature percentage elongation reaches 30~50%, can realize that room temperature secondary becomes
Type;Alloy has good intensity simultaneously, ensure that the requirement to mechanical property for the product.
3rd, the magnesium alloy in the present invention has good plastic deformation ability, aximal deformation value can be used to roll, decrease the operation of rolling
In melt down number of times and the time of heating, shorten technological process, improve production efficiency;Yield rate is high;The totle drilling cost fall of product
Low;Can directly use industrial rolling mills to carry out industrializing production continuously, technique is simple, it is easy to control.Material forms variation, can
Be applicable to including but not limited to extrude, the technique such as drawing produces the material etc. of correlation form.
Brief description
Fig. 1 (a)-(b) is the photomacrograph of the rolled plate of magnesium alloy;Wherein: (a) is embodiment 1 alloy;B () is that embodiment is 2-in-1
Gold;(c) comparative example 1 and 2-in-1 gold.
Fig. 2 is basal plane (0002) texture after rolled plate is annealed;Wherein: the alloy in (a) embodiment 1;(b) embodiment 2
Alloy.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment describe in detail the present invention.It is emphasized that following example are merely to illustrate the present invention, and not
It is limitation of the invention.For Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca alloy composition in embodiment of the present invention 1-4, (in table, data are chemistry point to table 1
The result of analysis, in terms of weight/mass percentage composition), formula is only the fractions in protection domain described in table 1.Table 2 is comparative example 1-2
In Mg-Zn-G-Ca chemical composition (in terms of weight/mass percentage composition).
Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca alloy composition in table 1 embodiment 1-4
Numbering | Zn | Gd | Ca | Mn | Mg |
1 | 0.096 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0 | Surplus |
2 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0 | Surplus |
3 | 092 | 0.21 | 0.50 | 0.18 | Surplus |
4 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 0 | Surplus |
Mg-Zn-Gd alloy composition in table 2 comparative example 1-2
Numbering | Zn | Gd | Ca | Mn | Mg |
1 | 0.79 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0 | Surplus |
2 | 1.52 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0 | Surplus |
The room-temperature mechanical property of the alloy in table 3 embodiment and comparative example
Embodiment 1
1) use metal pattern gravitational casting, through the ingot casting that conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm, close
Gold composition by weight percent is Zn:0.096%, and Gd:0.21%, Ca:0.23%, content of magnesium is that balance (number by table 1
1);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, the blank behind milling face is incubated 2 hours at 250 DEG C
After roll;The drafts of the first passage is 20%, and the drafts of per pass is 35-45% subsequently, often melts down insulation after rolling together
Continuation rolling in 5~10 minutes, is 2mm until sheet metal thickness, overall reduction 85%, and sheet material limit is split the degree of depth and is less than 10mm, and
Face crack;Shown in sheet material macro morphology such as Fig. 1 (a);
3) sheet material after rolling carries out 200 DEG C and anneals 2 hours, obtains more uniform equiaxed grain structure, and the sheet material after annealing has
Non-basal plane texture, presents the bimodal texture to lateral deflection ± 40 °, and as shown in Fig. 2 (a), this type texture is conducive to improving plate
The plasticity of material.
4) the § 3.6.2 of reference GB GB 6397-86 specifies the tensile mechanical properties sample of the sheet material of preparation for sheet coupon,
Room temperature is along rolling direction and laterally carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and the mechanical property after sheet material heat-treatment of annealing is shown in Table 3.
Embodiment 2
1) using metal pattern gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy
Ingot casting, alloying component percentage by weight is Zn:0.41%, Gd:0.19%, Ca:0.14%, and content of magnesium is balance (table 1
Numbering 2);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, the blank behind milling face is incubated 2 hours at 400 DEG C
After roll;The drafts of the first passage is 25%, and every time drafts is 35% subsequently, melts down insulation after often rolling twice
Within 5~10 minutes, continuing rolling, until sheet metal thickness is 2.2mm, sheet material limit is split the degree of depth and is less than 10mm, and face crack;, as
Shown in Fig. 1 (b);
3) sheet material after rolling, after 320 DEG C of annealing 3 hours, there occurs Static Recrystallization, and tissue is more uniform, the plate after annealing
Material has non-basal plane texture, presents the bimodal texture to lateral deflection about ± 40 °, and as shown in Fig. 2 (b), this type texture is favourable
In the plasticity improving sheet material.
4) the § 3.6.2 of reference GB GB 6397-86 specifies the tensile mechanical properties sample of the sheet material of preparation for sheet coupon,
Room temperature is shown in Table 3 along rolling direction and transverse test mechanical property, its mechanical property.
Embodiment 3
1) using metal pattern gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy
Ingot casting, alloying component percentage by weight is Zn:0.92%, Gd:0.82%, Ca:0.50%, Mn:0.18%, content of magnesium for balance
Surplus (table 1 numbering 3);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, to be rolled 380 DEG C of insulations;Roller temperature is 250
℃;The drafts of the first passage is 23%, and the drafts of per pass is 35-45% subsequently, until sheet metal thickness is 2mm, sheet material limit
Split the degree of depth and be less than 10mm, and face crack;
3) sheet material after rolling makes annealing treatment 450 DEG C of insulations for 30 minutes, has obtained uniform equiaxed grain structure, after annealing
Sheet material has non-basal plane texture as shown in Figure 2 equally, presents the bimodal texture to lateral deflection ± 40 °, and this type texture is favourable
In the plasticity improving sheet material.
4) the § 3.6.2 of reference GB GB 6397-86 specifies the stretching mechanical energy sample of the sheet material of preparation for sheet coupon, in room
Temperature is along rolling direction and transverse test mechanical property, and its mechanical property is shown in Table 3.
Embodiment 4
1) using metal pattern gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy
Ingot casting, alloying component percentage by weight is Zn:0.82%, Gd:0.80%, Ca:0.09%, and content of magnesium is balance (table 1
Numbering 4);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, the blank behind milling face is to be rolled 320 DEG C of insulations;The
The drafts of a time is 34%, and the drafts of per pass is 45% subsequently, until sheet metal thickness is 2mm, sheet material limit is split the degree of depth and do not surpassed
Cross 10mm, and face crack;3) sheet material after rolling makes annealing treatment 400 DEG C of insulations for 12 hours, has obtained uniformly etc.
Axialite tissue, the sheet material after annealing has non-basal plane texture as shown in Figure 2 equally, presents and knit to the bimodal of lateral deflection ± 40 °
Structure, this type texture is conducive to improving the plasticity of sheet material.
4) the § 3.6.2 of reference GB GB 6397-86 specifies the stretching mechanical energy sample of the sheet material of preparation for sheet coupon, in room
Temperature test is along rolling direction and horizontal mechanical property, and its mechanical property is shown in Table 3.
Numbering | Zn | Gd | Ca | Mn | Mg |
1 | 0.79 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0 | Surplus |
2 | 1.52 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0 | Surplus |
Comparative example 1
1) use metal pattern gravitational casting, through the ingot casting that conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm, close
Gold composition by weight percent is Zn:0.79%, and Gd:0.33%, Ca:0.54%, content of magnesium is balance (table 2 numbering 1);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, the blank behind milling face is incubated 2 hours at 350 DEG C
After roll;The drafts of the first passage is 30%, and the drafts of per pass is 30-45% subsequently, until sheet metal thickness is 2mm,
Overall reduction 85%, sheet material occurs that serious limit is split, and as shown in Fig. 1 (c), the rolling performance of alloy is poor;
3) sheet material after rolling carries out 280 DEG C and anneals 2 hours, although the sheet material after annealing presents and also has obvious non-basal plane and knit
Structure, but the plasticity after sheet material heat-treatment of annealing is poor, and percentage elongation is below 30%, is shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 2
1) use metal pattern gravitational casting, through the ingot casting that conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy is 150mm × 200mm × 200mm, close
Gold composition by weight percent is Zn:1.52%, and Gd:0.28%, Ca:0.12%, content of magnesium is balance (table 2 numbering 2);
2) ingot casting is cut to blank the milling face of 150mm × 100mm × 20mm, the blank behind milling face is incubated 2 hours at 250 DEG C
After roll;The drafts of the first passage is 30%, and the drafts of per pass is 30-45% subsequently, until sheet metal thickness is 2mm,
Sheet material both sides severe crack (as shown in Fig. 1 (c)), rolling performance is relatively poor, and the percentage elongation of sheet material is also below 30%.
Claims (7)
1. a room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that: by weight percentage, this wrought magnesium alloy chemistry becomes
Being divided into: zinc 0.1~0.8%, gadolinium 0.1~0.8%, calcium 0.01-0.5%, remaining is magnesium and inevitable impurity.
2. room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: possibly together with crystal grain in this magnesium alloy
Refining Elements, described grain refining element is manganese, and content is 0.1-0.5wt%.
3. room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: by weight percentage, this change
Shape magnesium alloy chemical composition is: zinc 0.1-0.4%, gadolinium 0.2-0.8%, calcium 0.1-0.3%, manganese 0.1-0.3%, and remaining is magnesium and inevitable
Impurity.
4. the room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 1-3 is arbitrary, it is characterised in that: this wrought magnesium alloy material
Room temperature percentage elongation is 30~50%, and room temperature tensile yield strength is more than 110MPa.
5. the preparation method of the room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 1-3 is arbitrary, it is characterised in that: the party
Method comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by alloy pig: by described magnesium alloy ingredient composition, with simple metal or intermediate alloy as raw material, smelts and is cast as closing
Gold ingot casting;
2) plastic working: being processed after being heated to alloy cast ingot be plastically deformed processing temperature insulation, deformation processing temperature is 250-
500℃;
3) make annealing treatment: making annealing treatment the magnesium alloy after plastic working, annealing temperature is 200-450 DEG C, the time 0.1~24
Hour, it is thus achieved that described room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy.
6. the preparation method of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: step 2)
In, described plastic working is that extruding, rolling and drawing are plastically deformed any one in processing technology.
7. the preparation method of room temperature high ductibility wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: step 2) in
Deformation temperature is 300~480 DEG C;Step 3) in annealing condition be: annealing temperature is 250-400 DEG C, annealing time 0.5~10
Hour.
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