WO2009081731A1 - 接合方法 - Google Patents
接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009081731A1 WO2009081731A1 PCT/JP2008/072398 JP2008072398W WO2009081731A1 WO 2009081731 A1 WO2009081731 A1 WO 2009081731A1 JP 2008072398 W JP2008072398 W JP 2008072398W WO 2009081731 A1 WO2009081731 A1 WO 2009081731A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- joining
- abutting
- metal
- friction stirring
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/124—Controlling or monitoring the welding process at the beginning or at the end of a weld
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/06—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for positioning the molten material, e.g. confining it to a desired area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for joining metal members using friction stirring.
- Friction stir welding is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a process of rotating a rotating tool along the abutting portion between metal members, and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member, so that the metal members are solid-phased. It is what is joined.
- the rotating tool is formed by projecting a stirring pin (probe) on the lower end surface of a cylindrical shoulder.
- the metal members 101, 101 contract at the joined portion, so that the joined metal members 101 are distorted without being horizontal, There was a problem that the quality of the product deteriorated. Further, for example, when a joint member (not shown) is inserted into the groove portion 103 formed between the metal members 101, 101, the bottom portion of the groove portion 103 is not flat, so that the joint member cannot be accurately arranged. was there. Further, due to the shrinkage of the metal members 101, 101, there was a concern that a notch (Kissing Bond) E was formed on the back side of the plasticized region W. As a result, the tensile strength at the joint portion is lowered, and the water tightness and the air tightness are also lowered.
- Kissing Bond Kissing Bond
- the metal member 105, 105 is located outside the metal member 105, 105.
- frictional stirring there is a problem that one metal member 105 warps due to contraction of the metal members 105 and 105.
- a notch E is formed at the corner portion (entrance corner portion) inside the joint portion of the metal members 105 and 105.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method capable of easily joining the abutting portions between a pair of metal members and improving airtightness and watertightness.
- a joining method according to the present invention that solves such a problem is a joining method of a butting portion formed by butting a pair of metal members, and friction stirring that performs friction stirring from one surface side to the butting portion. After performing a process, it includes the welding process which welds with respect to the said butt
- the present invention is a method of joining a butted portion formed by butting the metal members together in a cylindrical structure formed by butting a plurality of metal members, It includes a welding step of performing welding from the inner surface side of the structure to the abutting portion after performing a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring from the outer surface side.
- this joining method after performing frictional stirring from the outside of the structure, welding is performed from the inside of the structure, so that even if a notch is formed on the inner surface of the structure, it is sealed with a weld metal. Therefore, water tightness and air tightness can be improved. Further, according to welding, even a structure surrounded by metal members can be joined relatively easily from the inside of the structure.
- the plasticized region formed in the friction stirring step and the weld metal formed in the welding step are in contact with each other. According to this joining method, since it seals over the full length of the butt
- the welding step includes a weld metal filling step of filling the recess formed along the abutting portion appearing on the other surface with a weld metal. Moreover, it is preferable that the welding step includes a weld metal filling step of filling a weld metal in a recess formed along the abutting portion that appears on the inner surface of the structure. According to this joining method, the workability of welding can be improved.
- the friction stir step includes a temporary joining step in which temporary joining is performed with a small rotating tool before performing the main joining step in which main joining is performed with a large rotating tool. According to this joining method, it is possible to prevent the opening of the abutting portion when performing the main joining.
- a tab material arranging step for arranging a pair of tab materials on both sides of the abutting portion, and a tab material temporary joining step for performing friction agitating along the abutting portion between the tab material and the metal member are preferably included. According to such a joining method, the setting of the insertion position and the separation position of the rotary tool is facilitated by using the tab material.
- the friction stir step includes a pilot hole forming step in which a pilot hole is formed in advance at a position where the rotary tool for friction stirring is to be inserted. According to such a joining process, it is possible to reduce press-fit resistance when the rotary tool is pushed in. Thereby, while improving the precision of friction stir welding, a joining operation can be performed rapidly.
- this invention is a joining method of the abutting part which abuts a pair of metal members, Comprising: After performing the welding process which welds from the other surface side with respect to the said abutting part, with respect to the said abutting part And a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring from one surface side.
- the joining method is a butt portion formed by abutting the metal members, and welded from the inner surface side of the structure to the butt portion. It is preferable to include a friction agitation step of performing friction agitation from the outer surface side of the structure to the abutting portion after performing the welding step.
- the friction stirrer can be performed with the inner surface side temporarily attached by welding from the inner surface side of the structure prior to the friction stirring step performed from the outer surface side of the structure.
- the water tightness and air tightness of the metal member at the joint portion can be improved.
- welding from the inner surface side of the structure body problems such as device connection at the time of joining the inside of the structure body are solved, so the joining operation can be performed relatively easily.
- friction stirring can be performed in a state where a pair of metal members are temporarily attached to each other in the friction stirring step, workability can be improved.
- the joining method according to the present invention can easily join the abutting portions between a pair of metal members, and can improve airtightness and watertightness.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing an outer main joining process according to the first embodiment, where FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- (A) is the side view which showed the recessed part formation process which concerns on 2nd embodiment
- (b) is the side view which showed the weld metal filling process which concerns on 2nd embodiment.
- (A) is the perspective view which looked at the structure concerning a third embodiment from the outside
- (b) is the perspective view which looked at the structure concerning a third embodiment from the inside. It is the disassembled perspective view which showed the structure which concerns on 4th embodiment.
- (A) is the perspective view which showed the friction stirring process of 4th embodiment
- (b) is the partially transparent perspective view which showed the welding process of 4th embodiment. It is the front view which showed the butt
- FIG. 22 It is the perspective view which showed the preparation stage of the friction stirring process which concerns on 5th embodiment.
- A) is the one part enlarged perspective view of FIG. 22,
- (b) is the perspective view which showed the groove part formation process. It is the perspective view which showed the tab material arrangement
- (A) is the perspective view which showed the butt
- (b) is the perspective view which showed the welding process which concerns on 7th embodiment.
- (A) is the tab material arrangement
- (b) is the perspective view which showed the friction stirring process which concerns on 7th embodiment.
- (A) is an exploded view of the to-be-joined metal member which concerns on 8th embodiment
- (b) is the figure which showed the butt
- (c) is 8th embodiment. It is the figure which showed the welding process and friction stirring process which concern on. It is the perspective view which showed the structure which concerns on 8th embodiment.
- FIG. 1 As an example, a case of manufacturing a cylindrical structure 1 formed by being surrounded by four wall members H1, H2, H3, and H4 is formed. explain. In the description, the hollow portion side of the structure 1 is the inside, and the opposite side is the outside. Moreover, the surface which comprises the inner side of the structure 1 is made into an inner surface, and the surface which comprises an outer side is made into an outer surface.
- the structure 1 is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional view inside as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the structure 1 is a flat plate interposed between the corner members R1, R2, R3, and R4 that form the four corners of the structure 1 and have a substantially L shape in plan view, and the corner members R1, R2, R3, and R4. 11, 12, 13, and 14, and the side end faces of each member are joined to each other.
- the square members R1 to R4 and the flat plates 11 to 14 are made of a metal material that can be frictionally stirred, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.
- the wall member H1 is composed of corner members R1, R4 that are spaced apart and a flat plate 11 that is disposed between the corner members R1, R4.
- the wall member H2 includes a flat plate 12 disposed between the corner members R1 and R2.
- the wall member H3 includes corner members R2 and R3 that are spaced apart and a flat plate 13 that is disposed between the corner members R2 and R3.
- the wall member H4 includes a flat plate 14 disposed between the corner members R3 and R4 and joint members U and U.
- the abutting portion J1 between one side end surface of the corner member R4 and the other side end surface of the flat plate 11 and the abutting portion J2 between the other side end surface of the corner member R1 and one side end surface of the flat plate 11 are outside the wall member H1. Friction stirring is performed from the (outer surface) and the inner side (inner surface), and the tip side of each plasticized region formed by friction stirring is formed overlappingly.
- the plasticizing region includes both a state heated by frictional heat of a rotary tool, which will be described later, and being plasticized, and a state where the joining rotary tool passes and returns to room temperature.
- the abutting portion J5 between one side end surface of R2 and the other side end surface of the flat plate 13 and the abutting portion J6 between the other side end surface of the corner member R3 and one side end surface of the flat plate 13 are the outer surface side of each wall member and Friction stirring is performed from the inner surface side, and the tip side of each plasticized region formed by friction stirring is formed overlappingly.
- the abutting portion J7 between one side end surface of the corner member R3 and the other side end surface of the flat plate 14 and the abutting portion J8 between the other side end surface of the corner member R4 and one side end surface of the flat plate 14 are wall members H4. After being welded from the inner surface side, friction stirring is performed from the outer surface side.
- the joining method of this embodiment will be described in detail. Note that the intermediate member having a U-shaped cross-sectional view made up of the wall members H1, H2, and H3 is substantially the same as the conventional friction stir welding, and will be described briefly.
- the joining method according to this embodiment includes (1) an intermediate member joining step, (2) a butting step, (3) a groove forming step, (4) a friction stirring step, (5) a welding step, and (6) a joint member inserting step.
- the intermediate member joining step is a step of forming an intermediate member 20 (see FIG. 3B) that is an intermediate of the structure 1.
- the intermediate member 20 is a member obtained by removing only the flat plate 14 from the structure 1 and has a substantially U shape in cross section.
- the intermediate member 20 includes the wall member H1 and the wall member H3 that are disposed to face each other, and the flat plate 12 (wall member H2) interposed between the wall member H1 and the wall member H3.
- the flat plate 12 the wall member H1, and the wall member H3 are joined.
- the abutting portion J1 between one side end surface of the corner member R4 and the other side end surface of the flat plate 11 is joined by friction stir from the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the wall member H1 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J1. ing. Moreover, the front end side (thickness direction center part of the flat plate 11) of the plasticization area
- the abutting portion J2 between the other side end surface of the corner member R1 and the one side end surface of the flat plate 11 is subjected to frictional stirring from the inner surface side and the outer surface side over the entire length of the abutting portion J2.
- the tip sides of the plasticized regions W2, W2 overlap.
- the abutting portion J5 between one side end surface of the corner member R2 and the other side end surface of the flat plate 13 is joined by friction stir from the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the wall member H3 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J5. ing. Moreover, the front end side (thickness direction center part of the flat plate 13) of the plasticization area
- the abutting portion J6 between the other side end surface of the corner member R3 and the one side end surface of the flat plate 13 is subjected to frictional stirring from the outer surface side and the inner surface side over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J6.
- the tip ends of the plasticized regions W6 and W6 overlap.
- the flat plate 12 is interposed between the corner member R1 and the corner member R2.
- the abutting portion J3 between the other side end surface of the flat plate 12 and the one side end surface of the corner member R1 is joined by friction stir from the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the flat plate 12 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J3. Yes.
- the tip ends (the central portion in the thickness direction of the flat plate 12) of the plasticized regions W3 and W3 formed in the abutting portion J3 overlap. Thereby, since all the gaps in the depth direction of the abutting portion J3 can be frictionally stirred, airtightness and watertightness can be improved.
- the abutting portion J4 between the other side end surface of the corner member R2 and the one side end surface of the flat plate 12 is subjected to frictional stirring from the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the flat plate 12 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J4. This is done, and the tip sides of the plasticized regions W4, W4 overlap.
- an opening 21 into which the flat plate 14 is inserted is formed in a part of the intermediate member 20.
- the friction stir is performed from both the outer surface side and the inner surface side at each abutting portion of the intermediate member 20, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- welding may be performed from one of the outer surface side and the inner surface side of the intermediate member 20 and friction stirring may be performed from the other side.
- the flat plate 14 is inserted into the opening 21 (see FIG. 3B) of the intermediate member 20.
- the width of the flat plate 14 is formed substantially equal to the width of the opening 21. That is, when the flat plate 14 is inserted into the opening 21, the pair of side end surfaces R3b, R4a appearing in the opening 21 and both side end surfaces 14a, 14b of the flat plate 14 are brought into contact with each other. As shown in FIG. 4, the other side end surface 14a of the flat plate 14 and one side end surface R3b of the corner member R3 are abutted to form an abutting portion J7.
- one side end face 14b of the flat plate 14 and the other side end face R4a of the corner member R4 are abutted to form an abutting portion J8.
- the metal member formed by abutting the flat plate 14 and the corner member R4 is also referred to as a bonded metal member N hereinafter.
- the outer surface of the metal member N to be joined is also referred to as an outer surface A, the inner surface as an inner surface B, one end surface as a first end surface C, and the other end surface as a second end surface D.
- the backing table 25 is a member that supports the flat plate 14 from the inside of the intermediate member 20.
- the backing table 25 includes a first backing material 25a and a second backing material 25b that are spaced apart from each other, and a vertical member 25c that is erected between the first backing material 25a and the second backing material 25b. , 25c.
- the distance from the outer surface of the first backing material 25a to the outer surface of the second backing material 25b is substantially equal to the distance from the inner surface of the flat plate 12 to the inner surface of the flat plate 14 (see FIG. 2). Is formed.
- one backing stand 25 is provided for each of the abutting portions J7 and J8.
- the groove part K is formed in the outer surface A of the to-be-joined metal member N with respect to the abutting part J8.
- a groove portion K is formed by notching a predetermined width and depth along the abutting portion J8 using a known end mill or the like.
- the groove portion K is formed in a rectangular shape in cross section, but may have other shapes.
- Friction stirring step friction stirring is performed using a large rotary tool G along the abutting portion J8 appearing on the bottom surface of the groove K as shown in FIG.
- the friction stir process is a tab material placement process in which a pair of tab materials are placed, a temporary joining process in which temporary joining is performed on the abutting portion J8, and a pilot hole is formed at a planned insertion position in the main joining process A prepared hole forming step and a main joining step of performing main joining to the abutting portion J8.
- small rotating tool F used for each friction stirrer and a rotating tool larger than the small rotating tool F (hereinafter referred to as “large rotating tool G”).
- large rotating tool G a rotating tool larger than the small rotating tool F
- the small rotary tool F shown in FIG. 7A is made of a metal material harder than the metal member N to be joined, such as tool steel, and protrudes into a shoulder portion F1 having a cylindrical shape and a lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1.
- a stirring pin (probe) F2 is provided.
- the size and shape of the small rotary tool F may be set according to the material and thickness of the metal member N to be joined, but at least smaller than the large rotary tool G (see FIG. 8B). . In this way, it is possible to perform friction stir welding with a smaller load than when the large rotary tool G is used, so it is possible to reduce the load applied to the friction stirrer, and further to the small rotary tool F. Since the moving speed (feeding speed) can be made higher than the moving speed of the large rotary tool G, the working time and cost required for the friction stir welding can be reduced.
- the lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 is a portion that plays a role of pressing the plastic fluidized metal and preventing scattering to the surroundings, and is formed in a concave shape in this embodiment.
- the stirring pin F2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment.
- a stirring blade engraved in a spiral shape is formed on the peripheral surface of the stirring pin F2.
- the size of the outer diameter of the stirring pin F2 in the present embodiment, than the maximum outer diameter of the maximum outer diameter of the stirring pin G2 of (upper diameter) X 2 is large rotating tool G (upper end diameter) Y 2 It is small, and is smaller than the minimum outer diameter minimum outer diameter (bottom diameter) X 3 is the stirring pin G2 (lower diameter) Y 3.
- the length L A of the stirring pin F2 is smaller than the length L B of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G.
- a large rotary tool G shown in FIG. 7B is made of a metal material harder than the metal member N to be joined, such as tool steel, and projects into a shoulder portion G1 having a cylindrical shape and a lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1. It comprises a stirring pin (probe) G2 provided.
- the lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 is formed in a concave shape like the small rotary tool F.
- the stirring pin G2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment.
- a pair of tab materials are arranged on both end faces of the metal member N to be joined.
- the 1st tab material 31 and the 2nd tab material 32 are arrange
- the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are disposed on the first backing member 25a of the backing table 25.
- the surfaces of the first tab material 31 and the second tab material 32 are formed flush with the bottom surface of the groove K.
- the metal member N to be joined, the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are joined by welding. Thereby, when the friction stirring mentioned later is performed, it can prevent that the to-be-joined metal member N and each tab material open.
- friction stirring is performed using the small rotary tool F along the abutting portion J8 that appears on the bottom surface of the groove portion K. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, is positioned a small rotary tool F immediately above the start position S P1 provided in place of the first tab member 31, subsequently, is lowered while the right rotating the small rotary tool F stirring pin F2 pressed (in see FIG. 7 (a)) to the starting position S P1.
- the entire stirring pin F2 enters the first tab member 31 and the entire lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 contacts the surface of the first tab member 31, the starting point of the temporary joining step while rotating the small rotary tool F Relative movement toward s1.
- the small rotary tool F When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s1, the small rotary tool F is moved to the end point e1 of the temporary joining process without leaving the small rotary tool F at the start point s1. When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e1, the small rotary tool F is moved to the end position E P1 without being released, and the small rotary tool F is released at the end position E P1 .
- the end position E P1 of the temporary bonding process is a starting position S M1 of the main bonding process described later.
- a small rotation tool F may be used for friction stirring (tab material temporary joining step).
- the pilot hole P1 is formed at the friction stirring start position in the main joining step described later. That is, in the prepared hole forming step according to the present embodiment, the prepared hole P1 is formed at the start position S M1 set on the surface of the second tab member 32.
- the pilot hole P1 is provided for the purpose of reducing the insertion resistance (press-fit resistance) of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G.
- the formed hole n1 is formed by expanding the diameter with a drill (not shown) or the like. If the punched hole n1 is used, the process for forming the pilot hole P1 can be simplified, and the working time can be shortened.
- the pilot hole P1 In this embodiment, it is cylindrical.
- pilot hole P1 is formed in the 2nd tab material 32, there is no restriction
- the butt joint J8 is joined in earnest using the large rotating tool G.
- the large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the outer surface A side of the joined metal member N to the abutting portion J8 in a temporarily joined state.
- the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the start position S M1 (the pilot hole P1), and then the large rotary tool G is lowered while rotating clockwise to insert the tip of the stirring pin G2 into the pilot hole P1.
- the entire stirring pin G2 enters the second tab member 32 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the second tab member 32, it is directed toward one end of the abutting portion J8 while performing frictional stirring.
- the large rotary tool G is moved relative to the butt portion J8.
- a friction agitation route is set on the movement trajectory on the joint of the metal member N to be bonded, and the large rotary tool G is relatively moved along the route. Friction stirring is continuously performed from one end of J8 to the other end.
- the large rotary tool G is relatively moved to the other end of the abutting portion J8, it is relatively moved toward the end position E M1 as it is while performing frictional stirring.
- the large rotary tool G reaches the end position E M1 , the large rotary tool G is raised while rotating, and the stirring pin G2 is detached from the end position E M1 .
- the pair of tab members are removed by cutting.
- a welding process is a process of welding along the abutting part J8 from the inner surface B side of the metal member N to be joined.
- the backing table 25 is temporarily removed, and overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed from the inside of the groove plasticizing region W8, and the weld metal T1 is formed along the abutting portion J8. Form.
- Overlay welding is performed to such an extent that the weld metal T1 protrudes from the inner surface B of the metal member N to be joined.
- the notch By performing the welding process, even if a notch (Kissing Bond) is formed inside the groove plasticization region W8, the notch can be sealed, so that the strength and watertightness of the joined portion can be sealed. Sexual and airtightness can be increased. Further, even when the joint is contracted by the friction stir process and the corner member R4 and the flat plate 14 are not formed on the same plane, by welding from the inner surface B side of the metal member N to be joined, Deformation due to shrinkage can be corrected.
- the joint member insertion step is a step of inserting the joint member U into the groove K as shown in FIG.
- the width, depth, and length of the joint member U are formed with a metal having a composition equivalent to that of the metal member N to be joined, and are formed with dimensions substantially equivalent to the width, depth, and length of the groove K, respectively.
- the joint member U is inserted into the groove portion K, the surface of the joint member U and the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined are flush with each other, and both end surfaces of the joint member U are the first of the metal members N to be joined. It is formed flush with the end face C and the second end face D.
- the bottom surface of the groove portion K is formed substantially horizontally. Thereby, the joint member U can be inserted suitably.
- Outer temporary joining step In the outer temporary joining step, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, along the abutting portion J8a between the flat plate 14 and the joint member U and the abutting portion J8b between the corner member R4 and the joint member U. Temporary joining is performed using a small rotating tool F.
- the outer temporary joining step in the present embodiment includes a tab material arranging step for arranging a pair of tab members, an outer temporary joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b using a small rotary tool F, It includes a pilot hole forming step of forming a pilot hole at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted.
- the first tab material 33 and the second tab material 34 are arranged on the first end surface C and the second end surface D of the metal member N to be joined.
- the 1st tab material 33 and the 2nd tab material 34 are arrange
- the first tab member 33 and the second tab member 34 are disposed on the first backing member 25a of the backing table 25.
- the surfaces of the first tab member 33 and the second tab member 34 are formed substantially the same as the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined. Although there is no restriction
- the outer temporary joining step friction agitation is performed using the small rotary tool F along the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b that appear on the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined.
- one stroke is drawn from the start position S P2 set on the first tab member 33 to the end position E P2 set on the first tab member 33.
- the small rotary tool F is relatively moved to perform friction stirring. That is, in the outer temporary joining step, the first tab material temporary joining step for joining the abutting portion J33 between the first tab member 33 and the metal member N to be joined, and the abutting portion J8a between the flat plate 14 and the joint member U are joined.
- the first outer temporary joining step, the second tab material temporary joining step for joining the abutting portion J34 of the second tab member 34 and the metal member N to be joined, and the abutting portion J8b of the corner member R4 and the joint member U are joined.
- the small rotary tool F is pressed to the start position SP2 set on the first tab material 33, and then the small rotary tool F is relatively moved to the start point s33 of the first tab material temporary joining step. .
- the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s33, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J33 to the end point e33 of the first tab material temporary joining step.
- the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e33, the small rotary tool F is temporarily moved into the first tab member 33 without being detached, and moved to the start point s14 of the first outer temporary joining step.
- a starting point is provided at the position of the end point e33 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right, and an end point is provided at the position of the starting point s33 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right. Just do it.
- the process proceeds to the first outer temporary joining step as it is, and the small rotating tool F is moved along the abutting portion J8a.
- the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e14 of the first outer provisional joining process, it once enters the second tab material 34 and moves to the start point s34 of the second tab material provisional joining process.
- the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s34, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J34 to the end point e34 of the second tab material temporary joining step.
- the small rotary tool F When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e34, the small rotary tool F is moved to the start point sR4 of the second outer temporary joining step without detaching. When the small rotary tool F reaches sR4, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J8b, and the process proceeds to the second outer temporary joining step as it is.
- the second outer temporary bonding step As it is plunged into the first tab member 33, disengaging the small rotary tool F at the end position E P2.
- the end position E P2 is also the starting position S M2 described later is outside the bonding step.
- a pilot hole is formed using a punched hole (not shown) formed at the end position EP2 . Since the pilot hole forming step is substantially the same as described above, the description thereof is omitted.
- the outer main joining step is a step of fully joining the abutting portions J8a and J8b appearing on the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined.
- a large rotary tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the outer surface A side of the joined metal member N to the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b in a temporarily joined state.
- the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted into the start position SM2, and the end position E M2 is removed without removing the inserted stirring pin G2 halfway.
- the first tab member 33 is provided with the friction stirring start position S M2 and the end position E M2 , but is not intended to limit the positions of the start position S M2 and the end position E M2 .
- FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) The outer main joining process will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b).
- the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the pilot hole (start position S M2 ), and then the large rotary tool G is lowered while being rotated to the right to rotate the stirring pin G2. Insert the tip into the pilot hole.
- the entire stirring pin G2 enters the first tab member 33 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the first tab member 33, it is directed toward one end of the abutting portion J8b while performing friction stirring.
- the large rotary tool G is moved relative to the butt portion J8b.
- outer plasticized region W8 ′ When the large rotary tool G is moved, the metal around the stirring pin G2 is plastically fluidized one after another, and at a position away from the stirring pin G2, the plastic fluidized metal is hardened again and becomes a plasticized region ( Hereinafter, “outer plasticized region W8 ′”) is formed.
- the large rotary tool G is reciprocated (two reciprocations in the present embodiment) so that the formed outer plasticizing region W8 ′ does not contact the abutting portion J34 and the abutting portion J33, along the abutting portion J8b and the abutting portion J8a. Stir friction continuously. Finally, the large rotating tool G is detached at the end position E M2 set in the first tab member 33 through the abutting portion J33.
- the front end side of the outer plasticized region W8 ′ is frictionally stirred so as to be in contact with the bottom surface of the groove K.
- friction stirring can be performed over the entire length in the depth direction of the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b.
- the interface between the lower surface of the joint member U and the bottom surface of the groove portion K can be frictionally stirred over the entire surface by reciprocating the large rotary tool G, the water tightness and the air tightness can be further improved. it can.
- the entire length in the depth direction of the abutting portion J8 can be sealed. Moreover, before performing each process of a friction stirring process and an outer side main joining process, the opening at the time of main joining of a butt
- a concave portion M1 is formed along the abutting portion J8 on the distal end side (the inner surface B of the metal member N to be joined) of the groove plasticizing region W8.
- the inner surface B can be smoothly formed by cutting out the part (T2 ') which protrudes from the inner surface B of the to-be-joined metal member N among the weld metal T2.
- the recessed part M1 was formed in the cross sectional view rectangle, other shapes may be sufficient.
- the joining method according to the third embodiment is such that a side face of one first metal member 1a and an end face of the other second metal member 1b are abutted to form an abutting portion J10.
- the corner members R1 to R4 are used to form the structure by bringing the side end surfaces of each member into contact with each other.
- the side surface of one metal member and the other side surface are formed. You may form a structure by abutting the side end surface of a metal member.
- a pair of first metal members 1a and a pair of second metal members 1b are abutted to form a cylindrical structure 50 having a rectangular cross-sectional view.
- the outer surface of the structure 50 with respect to the butted portion J10 formed by abutting the side surface of the first metal member 1a and the side end surface of the second metal member 1b.
- This includes a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring from the A side and a welding step of performing welding from the inner surface B side of the structure 50.
- the corner I first metal member 1a
- the second metal member 1b the weld metal T3 is formed over the entire length of the abutting portion J10 that appears on the inner surface of the metal member N to be joined by welding.
- the joining method according to the fourth embodiment is a first embodiment in that it includes a cylindrical member 10 a that has a cylindrical shape and a lid member 10 b that covers an end of the cylindrical member 10 a. It differs from the form.
- the joining method according to the present embodiment includes a friction stirring process for performing friction stirring on the abutting portion J11 and a welding process for performing welding on the corner I '.
- the structure 60 according to the present embodiment includes an abutting portion J11 formed by abutting the end of the tubular member 10a and one surface of the lid member 10b.
- the friction agitation step as shown in FIG. 19A, the friction agitation is performed by rotating counterclockwise as viewed from the front side of the lid member 10b while rotating clockwise by the large rotary tool G along the abutting portion J11. I do.
- welding is performed on the corner I ′ inside the structure 60.
- the strength of the joint can be increased, and the airtightness and watertightness can be increased.
- even the cylindrical structure 60 according to the present embodiment can solve the problems such as the device connection, so that the joining operation can be performed relatively easily.
- the large-sized rotary tool G moves counterclockwise when viewed from the front side of the lid member 10b.
- the airtightness and watertightness of the cylindrical member 10a can be improved.
- the cylindrical member 10a and the cover member 10b are joined, you may face
- the joining method according to this embodiment includes (1) an intermediate member joining step, (2) a butting step, (3) a welding step, (4) a groove forming step, (5) a friction stirring step, and (6) a joint member inserting step.
- the intermediate member joining step is a step of forming an intermediate member 20 (see FIG. 3B) that is an intermediate of the structure 1. Since the intermediate member joining step is the same as that in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the (3) welding step, (4) groove forming step, (5) friction stirring step, (6) joint member insertion step, (7) outer temporary joining step, and (8) outer main joining step described below are: Although the process is performed on the abutting portion J7 and the abutting portion J8, the contents of work are substantially the same for both abutting portions, and therefore, the abutting portion J8 will be described as an example.
- the metal member formed by abutting the flat plate 14 and the corner member R4 is also referred to as a bonded metal member N2.
- the outer surface of the metal member N2 to be joined is also referred to as an outer surface A, the inner surface as an inner surface B, one end surface as a first end surface C, and the other end surface as a second end surface D (see FIG. 25).
- a welding process is a process of welding along the butt
- build-up welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed to form a weld metal T1 along the abutting portion J8.
- Overlay welding is performed to such an extent that the weld metal T1 protrudes from the inner surface B of the bonded metal member N2.
- the groove part K is formed in the outer surface A side of the abutting part J8 along the longitudinal direction of the abutting part J8.
- the backing table 25 it is preferable to arrange the backing table 25 on the inner side of the intermediate member 20 in the groove forming step, the friction stirring step, the joint member inserting step, the outer temporary joining step, and the outer main joining step described later. Since the groove forming step is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the friction stirring step friction stirring is performed using the large rotary tool G along the abutting portion J8 appearing on the bottom surface of the groove K as shown in FIG.
- the friction stirring step includes a tab material arranging step (see FIGS. 24 and 25) for arranging a pair of tab materials, and a temporary joining step (see FIG. 25) for temporarily joining the abutting portion J8.
- a prepared hole forming step of forming a prepared hole at a planned insertion position of the main bonding step and a main bonding step (see FIG. 26) for performing main bonding to the abutting portion J8. Since the tab material arranging step, the temporary joining step, and the main joining step are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the depth of friction stirring is performed so that the weld metal T1 formed on the inner surface B and the groove plasticized region W8 formed on the outer surface A are in contact with each other. Is preferably set. Thereby, since it can seal over the full length of the depth direction of the butt
- finished it is preferable to cut the burr
- the pair of tab members are removed by cutting.
- the welding process is performed from the inner surface B side prior to the friction stirring step (main joining step) performed from the outer surface A side of the metal member N2 (structure 1) to be joined.
- Friction stirring can be performed with the inner surface B temporarily attached.
- Kissing Bond notching
- the joining operation can be performed relatively easily. Further, in the friction stirring step, since the friction stirring can be performed in a state where the pair of metal members are temporarily attached, workability can be improved.
- the depth direction of the abutting portion J8 can be sealed by bringing the weld metal T1 and the groove plasticized region W8 into contact with each other.
- the welding process according to the sixth embodiment is performed along the abutting portion J8 that appears on the inner surface B of the metal member N2 composed of the flat plate 14 and the corner member R4.
- a recess forming step for forming the recess M1 and a weld metal filling step for filling the weld metal T2 into the recess M1 are included.
- the recess M1 is formed with a predetermined width and depth from the inner surface B along the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J8 using a known end mill.
- the concave portion M1 is formed in a rectangular shape in cross section, but may have other shapes. What is necessary is just to set the depth of the recessed part M1 suitably according to the depth of the plasticization area
- the weld metal T2 is filled into the recess M1.
- build-up welding such as MIG welding or TIG welding is performed on the recess M1, and the weld metal T2 is projected from the inner surface B.
- the inner surface B can be formed smoothly by cutting along the inner surface B.
- the workability of the welding process can be improved by performing the recess forming process and the weld metal filling process.
- the concave portion M1 is formed after the corner member R4 and the flat plate 14 are brought into contact with each other.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the corner portions of the square member R4 and the flat plate 14 are notched in advance. After the formation, the recess M1 may be formed by abutting these notches.
- the end of the first metal member 111a which is a pair of flat metal members, and the end of the second metal member 111b are vertically butted and joined. This is different from the sixth embodiment.
- the joining method according to the seventh embodiment includes (1) a butt process, (2) a welding process, and (3) a friction stirring process.
- the edge part of the 1st metal member 111a and the edge part of the 2nd metal member 111b are butted at right angle.
- the first metal member 111a and the second metal member 111b have a flat plate shape and are made of a metal material that can be frictionally stirred, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.
- a concave groove portion 141 cut out in a rectangular shape in a cross-sectional view with a width approximately half the plate width of the first metal member 111a, and approximately half the plate width of the first metal member 111a.
- a projecting portion 142 is formed so as to project in a rectangular shape in cross-sectional view.
- a concave groove portion 143 cut out in a rectangular shape in cross section with a width approximately half the plate width of the second metal member 111b, and the plate width of the second metal member 111b.
- a projecting portion 144 is formed so as to project a rectangular shape in cross-section with a substantially half width.
- the protruding portion 144 of the second metal member 111b is brought into contact with the concave groove portion 141 of the first metal member 111a, so that the first metal member 111a and the second metal member 111b are butted substantially vertically.
- the abutting part J110 is formed in the abutting surface of the first metal member 111a and the second metal member 111b.
- the first end surface C of the metal member N3 to be joined formed by abutting the first metal member 111a and the second metal member 111b is formed in a substantially crank shape when viewed from the front. A butt J110 appears.
- the friction stirring process includes a tab material installation process in which the tab material 146 is attached to the metal member N3 to be bonded, and a main bonding process in which friction stirring is performed from the outer surface A side to the abutting portion J10. Including.
- a pair of tab materials 146 are attached to the first end surface C and the second end surface (not shown) of the bonded metal member N3.
- the tab member 146 is a plate-like member having the same composition as the metal member N3 to be joined, and is formed with a thickness substantially equal to the plate thickness of the second metal member 111b.
- the tab material 146 is disposed so that the outer surface A of the metal member N3 to be bonded and the upper surface of the tab material 146 are flush with each other, and is bonded to the metal member N3 to be bonded by welding.
- friction stirring is performed along the abutting portion J110 from the outer surface A side of the metal member N3 to be joined using the large-sized rotating tool G.
- on the tab member 146 to set the start position S M3 on the extension of the butting portion J110, it sets the end position to the other tab member (not shown). Then, friction stirring is performed along the abutting portion J110 using the large rotating tool G. As shown in FIG. 30B, a plasticized region W110 is formed in the abutting portion J110 by the main joining step.
- a cavity defect is formed on the left side in the traveling direction when rotated to the right, and on the right side in the traveling direction when rotated on the left.
- a large rotating tool G is rotated counterclockwise from the start position S M3 tab member 146 .
- water tightness and air tightness can be improved even when a pair of metal members are vertically butted and joined. That is, prior to the friction stirring step performed from the outer surface A side of the metal member N3 to be bonded, the friction stirring can be performed with the inner surface B temporarily attached by performing the welding step from the inner surface B side. As a result, it is possible to prevent a notch (Kissing Bond) from occurring on the inner surface B side of the metal member N3 to be bonded, that is, the back surface side of the surface on which frictional stirring is performed. Can be increased.
- Kissing Bond notch
- the joining method according to the eighth embodiment is a modification of the seventh embodiment, and differs from the seventh embodiment in that a recess is provided in the corner I.
- the joining method according to the eighth embodiment includes (1) a butt process, (2) a welding process, and (3) a friction stirring process.
- the edge part of the 1st metal member 151a and the edge part of the 2nd metal member 151b are butted at right angle.
- the first metal member 151a and the second metal member 151b have a plate shape and are made of a friction-stirring metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.
- the first metal member 151 a includes a main body portion 152, a first step portion 153 that is thinner than the main body portion 152, and a second step portion 154 that is thinner than the first step portion 153.
- the length p of the second step portion 154 is formed substantially equal to the plate thickness of the second metal member 151b.
- the length q of the first step portion 153 is smaller than the length of the second step portion 154.
- the end surface 155 of the second metal member 151b is brought into contact with the second step portion 154 of the first metal member 151a.
- the main body 152, the first step 153, and the second metal member 151b of the first metal member 151a form a recess M2 having a rectangular shape in cross section. That is, the concave portion M2 is formed along the abutting portion J111 that appears at the corner I of the metal member N4 to be joined that includes the first metal member 151a and the second metal member 151b.
- Friction stirring step friction stirring is performed using the large rotary tool G from the outer surface A side of the abutting portion J111. Since the friction stirring step is substantially the same as that of the seventh embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the same effect as in the seventh embodiment can be obtained, and even when the first metal member 151a and the second metal member 151b are butted vertically, the recess M2 is formed. By providing, welding work can be performed easily.
- a specific description is omitted, as shown in FIG. 32, using the joining method according to the eighth embodiment, it is equivalent to the first metal member 151a, the second metal member 151b, and the first metal member 151a.
- a cylindrical structural body 150 having a rectangular shape in a cross-sectional view made of the fourth metal member 151d, which is a member equivalent to the third metal member 151c and the second metal member 151b, can be formed.
- Such a structure 150 can be used as, for example, a vacuum container. If necessary, the plasticity region W111 formed in the friction stirring process and the weld metal T4 formed in the welding process may be overlapped to further improve the airtightness and watertightness.
- FIGS. 33 and 34 a tubular member 161a having a cylindrical shape and a lid member 161b that covers an end of the tubular member 161a are joined.
- the ninth embodiment is a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the joining method according to the present embodiment includes (1) a butt process, (2) a welding process, and (3) a friction stirring process.
- the cylindrical member 161a is a metal member that has a cylindrical shape.
- the end of the cylindrical member 161a includes a concave groove 162 that is cut out in a rectangular shape in cross section with a half width of the plate thickness, and a protruding portion 163 that protrudes so as to exhibit a rectangular shape in cross section with a half width in the plate thickness.
- the lid member 161b is a member that covers the opening of the cylindrical member 161a without a gap, and includes a disk-shaped main body 164 and a protrusion 165 that protrudes toward one end of the main body 164 and has a circular shape in cross section.
- the protrusion 165 is formed concentrically with the main body 164 and is formed smaller than the diameter of the main body 164.
- the tubular member 161a and the lid member 161b are brought into contact with each other, and the concave groove 162 of the tubular member 161a and the projection 165 of the lid member 161b are brought into contact with each other.
- the tubular member 161a and the lid member 161b are abutted to form an abutting portion J112.
- a member composed of the cylindrical member 161a and the lid member 161b is a metal member N5 to be joined.
- Friction stirring step In the friction stirring step, as shown in FIG. 34 (b), friction stirring is performed along the abutting portion J112 from the outer surface A side of the metal member N5 to be joined using a large rotary tool G.
- friction agitation is performed by moving the large rotary tool G clockwise along the abutting portion J112 and moving it counterclockwise as viewed from the front side of the lid member 161b.
- a cavity defect is formed on the lid member 161b side.
- a cavity defect can be formed in the position away from the hollow part of the to-be-joined metal member N5.
- the joining method which concerns on 9th embodiment, even when it is a case where the cylindrical member 161a and the cover member 161b which covers the one end side of the cylindrical member 161a are joined, watertightness and airtightness can be improved. . That is, prior to the friction stir process performed from the outer surface A of the metal member N5, the welding process is performed from the inner surface B side of the metal member N5 so that friction stir can be performed with the inner surface B temporarily attached. . In addition, welding is performed from the inner surface B of the metal member N5 to be joined, so that it is relatively easy to perform joining work even in places where friction stir is difficult, such as the corner I ', since the problem such as device engagement is solved. It can be carried out. In addition, since the metal members can be temporarily attached by performing a welding process prior to the friction stirring process, the work of the friction stirring process can be easily performed.
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Abstract
Description
文献1.特開2001-225179号公報
文献2.特開2005-131666号公報
11~14 平板
31 タブ材
32 タブ材
F 小型回転ツール
G 大型回転ツール
H1~H4 壁部材
J 突合部
M1 凹部
P1 下穴
R1~R4 角部材
T 溶接金属
W 塑性化領域
本発明に係る接合方法について図面を用いて詳細に説明する。本実施形態に係る接合方法については、図1に示すように、4つの壁部材H1,H2,H3,H4によって囲まれて形成された筒状を呈する構造体1を製造する場合を例にして説明する。なお、説明においては、構造体1の中空部側を内側、反対側を外側とする。また、構造体1の内側を構成する面を内面、外側を構成する面を外面とする。
以下、本実施形態の接合方法について詳細に説明する。なお、壁部材H1,H2,H3からなる断面視U字状の中間部材については、従来の摩擦攪拌接合と略同等であるから、簡単に説明する。
中間部材接合工程は、構造体1の中間体である中間部材20(図3の(b)参照)を形成する工程である。中間部材20は、構造体1から平板14のみ取り除いた部材であって、断面視略U字状を呈する。中間部材20は、対向配置された壁部材H1及び壁部材H3と、壁部材H1と壁部材H3の間に介設される平板12(壁部材H2)とを有する。中間部材接合工程では、壁部材H1、壁部材H3をそれぞれ形成した後、平板12と壁部材H1及び壁部材H3とを接合する。
突合工程では、図4に示すように、中間部材20の開口部21(図3の(b)参照)に平板14を挿入する。平板14の幅は、開口部21の幅と略同等に形成されている。即ち、開口部21に平板14を挿入すると、開口部21に現れる一対の側端面R3b,R4aと平板14の両側端面14a,14bとが突き合わされる。図4に示すように、平板14の他方の側端面14aと角部材R3の一方の側端面R3bとが突き合わされて突合部J7が形成されている。一方、平板14の一方の側端面14bと角部材R4の他方の側端面R4aとが突き合わされて突合部J8が形成されている。
なお、平板14と角部材R4とが突き合わされて形成された金属部材を以下、被接合金属部材Nともいう。また、被接合金属部材Nの外側の面を外面A、内側の面を内面B、一方の端面を第一端面C、他方の端面を第二端面Dともいう。
溝部形成工程では、突合部J8に対して被接合金属部材Nの外面Aに溝部Kを形成する。溝部形成工程は、図5の(b)に示すように、公知のエンドミル等を用いて突合部J8に沿って所定の幅、深さで切り欠いて溝部K形成する。溝部Kは、本実施形態においては、断面視矩形で形成するが他の形状であってもよい。
摩擦攪拌工程では、図5の(b)に示すように、溝部Kの底面に現れる突合部J8に沿って大型回転ツールGを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う。摩擦攪拌工程は、本実施形態では、一対のタブ材を配置するタブ材配置工程と、突合部J8に対して仮接合を行う仮接合工程と、本接合工程の挿入予定位置に下穴を形成する下穴形成工程と、突合部J8に対して本接合を行う本接合工程とを含む。
ショルダ部G1の下端面G11は、小型回転ツールFと同様に、凹面状に成形されている。攪拌ピンG2は、ショルダ部G1の下端面G11の中央から垂下しており、本実施形態では、先細りの円錐台状に成形されている。
なお、本実施形態では、第二タブ材32に摩擦攪拌の開始位置SM1を設け、第一タブ材31に終了位置EM1を設けているが、開始位置SM1と終了位置EM1の位置を限定する趣旨ではない。
まず、開始位置SM1(下穴P1)の直上に大型回転ツールGを位置させ、続いて、大型回転ツールGを右回転させつつ下降させて攪拌ピンG2の先端を下穴P1に挿入する。攪拌ピンG2の全体が第二タブ材32に入り込み、かつ、ショルダ部G1の下端面G11の全面が第二タブ材32の表面に接触したら、摩擦攪拌を行いながら突合部J8の一端に向けて大型回転ツールGを相対移動させ、突合部J8に突入させる。大型回転ツールGを移動させると、その攪拌ピンG2の周囲にある金属が順次塑性流動化するとともに、攪拌ピンG2から離れた位置では、塑性流動化していた金属が再び硬化して塑性化領域(以下、「溝部塑性化領域W8」という。)が形成される(図10参照)。
溶接工程は、被接合金属部材Nの内面B側から突合部J8に沿って溶接を行なう工程である。溶接工程では、図11に示すように、裏当台25を一旦取り外し、溝部塑性化領域W8の内側からTIG溶接又はMIG溶接などの肉盛溶接を行って、突合部J8に沿って溶接金属T1を形成する。肉盛溶接は、被接合金属部材Nの内面Bから溶接金属T1が突出する程度に行う。溶接工程を行うことで、仮に溝部塑性化領域W8の内側に切欠き(Kissing Bond)が形成されている場合であっても、当該切欠きを密閉することができるため、接合部分の強度や水密性及び気密性を高めることができる。また、摩擦攪拌工程によって接合部に収縮が起こり、角部材R4及び平板14が同一平面上に形成されない場合であっても、被接合金属部材Nの内面B側からから溶接を行なうことで、当該収縮による変形を是正することができる。
継手部材挿入工程は、図12に示すように、溝部Kに継手部材Uを挿入する工程である。継手部材Uの幅、深さ及び長さは、溝部Kの幅、深さ及び長さとそれぞれ略同等の寸法で形成されるとともに、被接合金属部材Nと同等の組成からなる金属で形成されている。即ち、溝部Kに継手部材Uを挿入すると、継手部材Uの表面と被接合金属部材Nの外面Aとが面一になるとともに、継手部材Uの両端面は、被接合金属部材Nの第一端面C及び第二端面Dと面一に形成される。継手部材挿入工程においては、前記した溶接工程によって被接合金属部材Nの歪みが是正されているため、溝部Kの底面が略水平に形成されている。これにより、継手部材Uを好適に挿入することができる。
外側仮接合工程では、図13及び図14に示すように、平板14と継手部材Uとの突合部J8a及び角部材R4と継手部材Uとの突合部J8bに沿って小型回転ツールFを用いて仮接合を行なう。本実施形態における外側仮接合工程は、一対のタブ材を配置するタブ材配置工程と、突合部J8a及び突合部J8bに対して小型回転ツールFを用いて仮接合を行なう外側仮接合工程と、大型回転ツールGの挿入予定位置に下穴を形成する下穴形成工程を含むものである。
即ち、外側仮接合工程は、第一タブ材33と被接合金属部材Nとの突合部J33を接合する第一タブ材仮接合工程と、平板14と継手部材Uとの突合部J8aを接合する第一外側仮接合工程と、第二タブ材34と被接合金属部材Nとの突合部J34を接合する第二タブ材仮接合工程と、角部材R4と継手部材Uとの突合部J8bを接合する第二外側仮接合工程を含むものである。
外側本接合工程は、被接合金属部材Nの外面Aに現れる突合部J8a及びJ8bを本格的に接合する工程である。本実施形態に係る外側本接合工程は、大型回転ツールGを使用し、仮接合された状態の突合部J8a及び突合部J8bに対して被接合金属部材Nの外面A側から摩擦攪拌を行う。
まず、図15(a)に示すように、下穴(開始位置SM2)の直上に大型回転ツールGを位置させ、続いて、大型回転ツールGを右回転させつつ下降させて攪拌ピンG2の先端を下穴に挿入する。攪拌ピンG2の全体が第一タブ材33に入り込み、かつ、ショルダ部G1の下端面G11の全面が第一タブ材33の表面に接触したら、摩擦攪拌を行いながら突合部J8bの一端に向けて大型回転ツールGを相対移動させ、突合部J8bに突入させる。大型回転ツールGを移動させると、その攪拌ピンG2の周囲にある金属が順次塑性流動化するとともに、攪拌ピンG2から離れた位置では、塑性流動化していた金属が再び硬化して塑性化領域(以下、「外側塑性化領域W8’」という。)が形成される。
なお、外側塑性化領域W8’が突合部J34及び突合部J33に接触しないように大型回転ツールGを往復させることで、突合部J34及び突合部J33の酸化皮膜の巻き込みを防止することができる。
例えば、第一実施形態においては、継手部材Uを用いて接合を行ったが、被接合金属部材Nの壁部材の厚みが大きい場合は、複数個の継手部材U及び溝部Kによって接合を行ってもよい。一方、被接合金属部材Nの厚みが小さい場合は、継手部材Uを用いずに、被接合金属部材Nの外側から摩擦攪拌を行なった後、内側から溶接を行えばよい。
また、例えば、図16に示すように、前記した溶接工程を行う際に、溝部塑性化領域W8の先端側(被接合金属部材Nの内面B)において、突合部J8に沿って凹部M1を形成する凹部形成工程と、凹部M1に溶接金属T2を充填する溶接金属充填工程を含んでもよい。かかる接合方法によれば、溶接を行う際の作業性を高めることができる。また、溶接金属T2のうち、被接合金属部材Nの内面Bから突出する部分(T2’)を切除することで、内面Bを平滑に形成することができる。なお、本実施形態においては、凹部M1は断面視矩形に形成したが、他の形状であってもよい。
第三実施形態に係る接合方法は、図17に示すように、一方の第一金属部材1aの側面と他方の第二金属部材1bの端面とを突き合わせて突合部J10が形成されている点で、第一実施形態と相違する。即ち、第一実施形態では、角部材R1~R4を用いて、各部材の側端面同士を当接させて構造体を形成したが、本実施形態のように一方の金属部材の側面と他方の金属部材の側端面を突き合わせて構造物を形成してもよい。本実施形態では、例えば、一対の第一金属部材1aと、一対の第二金属部材1bとを突き合わせて断面視矩形の筒状の構造体50を形成するものとする。
第四実施形態に係る接合方法は、図18及び図19に示すように、円筒状を呈する筒状部材10aと、筒状部材10aの端部を覆う蓋部材10bとからなる点で第一実施形態と相違する。本実施形態に係る接合方法は、突合部J11に対して摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌工程と、入隅部I’に対して溶接を行う溶接工程とを含むものである。
摩擦攪拌工程を行なった後、図19の(b)に示すように、構造体60の内部の入隅部I’に対して溶接を行う。入隅部I’に対して溶接金属T3を形成することにより、接合部の強度を高めるとともに、気密性及び水密性を高めることができる。また、溶接工程によれば、本実施形態に係る円筒状の構造体60であっても装置の取り合い等の問題が解消されるため比較的容易に接合作業を行うことができる。
以下に示す第五実施形態~第九実施形態に係る接合方法は、構造体の内側から溶接工程を行なった後に、外側から摩擦攪拌工程を行う点で第一実施形態~第四実施形態に係る接合方法と相違する。第五実施形態に係る接合方法は、図1に示す構造体1を製造する工程を例に説明する。
中間部材接合工程は、構造体1の中間体である中間部材20(図3の(b)参照)を形成する工程である。中間部材接合工程は、第一実施形態と同等であるため、説明を省略する。
突合工程では、図20に示すように、中間部材20の上下を逆さまにした後、中間部材20の開口部21(図3の(b)参照)に平板14を挿入する。平板14の幅は、開口部21の幅と略同等に形成されている。即ち、開口部21に平板14を挿入すると、開口部21に現れる一対の側端面R3b,R4aと平板14の側端面14a,14bとがそれぞれ突き合わされる。図20に示すように、平板14の他方の側端面14aと角部材R3の一方の側端面R3bとの突合面には突合部J7が形成されている。一方、平板14の一方の側端面14bと角部材R4の他方の側端面R4aとの突合面には突合部J8が形成されている。
また、図21に示すように、平板14と角部材R4とが突き合わされて形成された金属部材を、被接合金属部材N2ともいう。また、被接合金属部材N2の外側の面を外面A、内側の面を内面B、一方の端面を第一端面C、他方の端面を第二端面D(図25参照)ともいう。
溶接工程は、被接合金属部材N2の内面B側から突合部J8に沿って溶接を行う工程である。溶接工程では、図21に示すように、TIG溶接又はMIG溶接などの肉盛溶接を行って、突合部J8に沿って溶接金属T1を形成する。肉盛溶接は、被接合金属部材N2の内面Bから溶接金属T1が突出する程度に行う。溶接工程を行うことで、後記する本接合工程(摩擦攪拌工程)を行う際に、突合部J8の内面B側に切欠き(Kissing Bond)が形成されることを防止することができる。なお、溶接金属T1のうち、内面Bから突出する部分は、切削することが好ましい。これにより、内面Bを平滑に形成することができる。
溝部形成工程では、図22及び図23に示すように、突合部J8の外面A側に、突合部J8の長手方向に沿って溝部Kを形成する。ここで、溝部形成工程、後記する摩擦攪拌工程、継手部材挿入工程、外側仮接合工程及び外側本接合工程では、中間部材20の内側に裏当台25を配置するのが好ましい。溝部形成工程は、第一実施形態と略同等であるため、説明を省略する。
摩擦攪拌工程では、図23の(b)に示すように、溝部Kの底面に現れる突合部J8に沿って大型回転ツールGを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う。摩擦攪拌工程は、本実施形態では、一対のタブ材を配置するタブ材配置工程(図24及び図25参照)と、突合部J8に対して仮接合を行う仮接合工程(図25参照)と、本接合工程の挿入予定位置に下穴を形成する下穴形成工程と、突合部J8に対して本接合を行う本接合工程(図26参照)とを含む。タブ材配置工程、仮接合工程及び本接合工程は、第一実施形態と略同等であるため、詳細な説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第六実施形態について説明する。第五実施形態に係る溶接工程においては、突合部J8に直接溶接を行ったが、第六実施形態に係る溶接工程のように、突合部J8に沿って予め凹部M1を形成してもよい。なお、第六実施形態に係る接合方法は、溶接工程を除いては第五実施形態と同一であるため、他の工程の説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第七実施形態について説明する。第七実施形態では、図29に示すように、一対の平板状の金属部材である第一金属部材111aの端部と、第二金属部材111bの端部とを垂直に突き合わせて接合する点で、第六実施形態と相違する。第七実施形態に係る接合方法では、(1)突合工程、(2)溶接工程、(3)摩擦攪拌工程を含む。
突合工程では、図29の(a)に示すように、第一金属部材111aの端部と、第二金属部材111bの端部とを直角に突き合わせる。第一金属部材111a及び第二金属部材111bは、平板状を呈し、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、銅、銅合金、チタン、チタン合金、マグネシウム、マグネシウム合金など摩擦攪拌可能な金属材料からなる。第一金属部材111aの端部には、第一金属部材111aの板幅の略半分の幅で断面視矩形に切り欠かれた凹溝部141と、第一金属部材111aの板幅の略半分の幅で断面視矩形を呈するように突出する突出部142とが形成されている。同様に、第二金属部材111bの端部には、第二金属部材111bの板幅の略半分の幅で断面視矩形に切り欠かれた凹溝部143と、第二金属部材111bの板幅の略半分の幅で断面視矩形を呈するように突出する突出部144とが形成されている。
溶接工程では、図29の(b)に示すように、被接合金属部材N3の入隅部Iに現われる突合部J110に対して溶接を行う。ここで、入隅部Iとは、第一金属部材111aと第二金属部材111bとで形成された内側の角部分をいう。即ち、溶接工程では、被接合金属部材N3の内面B(被接合金属部材N3の内側)から、突合部J110の長手方向に沿ってTIG溶接又はMIG溶接等の肉盛溶接を行う。なお、溶接工程によって形成された溶接金属T3において、被接合金属部材N3の内面Bから突出した部分については、切削して平滑に形成するのが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌工程は、被接合金属部材N3にタブ材146を取り付けるタブ材設置工程と、突合部J10に対して外面A側から摩擦攪拌を行う本接合工程とを含む。タブ材設置工程では、図30の(a)に示すように、被接合金属部材N3の第一端面C及び第二端面(図示省略)に一対のタブ材146を取り付ける。タブ材146は、被接合金属部材N3と同一組成からなる板状部材であって、第二金属部材111bの板厚と略同等の厚みで形成されている。タブ材146は、被接合金属部材N3の外面Aとタブ材146の上面とが面一になるように配置されており、溶接により被接合金属部材N3に接合されている。
次に、本発明の第八実施形態について説明する。第八実施形態に係る接合方法は、第七実施形態の変形例であって、入隅部Iに凹部を備える点で第七実施形態と相違する。第八実施形態に係る接合方法は、(1)突合工程、(2)溶接工程、(3)摩擦攪拌工程を含む。
突合工程では、図31の(a)に示すように、第一金属部材151aの端部と、第二金属部材151bの端部とを直角に突き合わせる。第一金属部材151a及び第二金属部材151bは、板状を呈し、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、銅、銅合金、チタン、チタン合金、マグネシウム、マグネシウム合金など摩擦攪拌可能な金属材料からなる。第一金属部材151aは、本体部152と、本体部152によりも板薄に形成された第一段部153と、第一段部153よりも板薄に形成された第二段部154とを有する。第二段部154の長さpは、第二金属部材151bの板厚と略同等に形成されている。第一段部153の長さqは、第二段部154の長さよりも小さく形成されている。
溶接工程では、図31の(c)に示すように、被接合金属部材N4の突合部J111に沿って形成された凹部M2に対してTIG溶接又はMIG溶接等の肉盛溶接を行う。なお、溶接工程によって、形成された溶接金属T4において、被接合金属部材N4の内面Bから突出した部分については、切削して平滑に形成するのが好ましい。
摩擦攪拌工程では、突合部J111の外面A側から大型回転ツールGを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う。摩擦攪拌工程については、第七実施形態と略同等であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
また、具体的な説明は省略するが、図32に示すように、第八実施形態に係る接合方法を用いて、第一金属部材151a、第二金属部材151b、第一金属部材151aと同等の部材である第三金属部材151c及び第二金属部材151bと同等の部材である第四金属部材151dからなる断面視矩形の筒状の構造体150を形成することができる。このような構造体150を例えば、真空容器として使用することができる。なお、必要に応じて、摩擦攪拌工程で形成された塑性化領域W111と溶接工程で形成された溶接金属T4とを重複させて、より気密性及び水密性を高めてもよい。
次に、本発明の第九実施形態について説明する。第九実施形態に係る接合方法では、図33及び図34に示すように、円筒状を呈する筒状部材161aと、筒状部材161aの端部を覆う蓋部材161bとを接合する。第九実施形態は、第四実施形態の変形例である。本実施形態に係る接合方法は、(1)突合工程、(2)溶接工程、(3)摩擦攪拌工程を含む。
蓋部材161bは、筒状部材161aの開口部を隙間なく覆う部材であって、円板状の本体部164と、本体部164の一端側に突出し断面視円形を呈する突部165とを有する。突部165は、本体部164と同心で形成されており、本体部164の直径よりも小さく形成されている。
溶接工程では、図34の(a)に示すように、被接合金属部材N5の入隅部I’に形成された突合部J112に沿って、溶接を行う。本実施形態では、被接合金属部材N5の内面Bに平面視円形に溶接金属T5が形成されるように、TIG溶接又はMIG溶接等の肉盛溶接を行う。
摩擦攪拌工程では、図34の(b)に示すように、大型回転ツールGを用いて被接合金属部材N5の外面A側から突合部J112に沿って摩擦攪拌を行う。摩擦攪拌工程においては、突合部J112に沿って大型回転ツールGを右回転させながら、蓋部材161bの正面側からみて反時計回りに移動させて摩擦攪拌を行う。このように、大型回転ツールGを右回転させて進行方向左側に蓋部材161bが配置されるように設定することで、蓋部材161b側に空洞欠陥が形成される可能性が高い。これにより、空洞欠陥を被接合金属部材N5の中空部から離れた位置で形成することができる。
Claims (16)
- 一対の金属部材同士を突き合わせてなる突合部の接合方法であって、
前記突合部に対して一方の面側から摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌工程を行った後、
前記突合部に対して他方の面側から溶接を行う溶接工程を含むことを特徴とする接合方法。 - 複数の金属部材を突き合わせて形成された筒状の構造体において、前記金属部材同士を突き合わせてなる突合部の接合方法であって、
前記突合部に対して前記構造体の外面側から摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌工程を行った後、
前記突合部に対して前記構造体の内面側から溶接を行う溶接工程を含むことを特徴とする接合方法。 - 前記摩擦攪拌工程において形成された塑性化領域と、前記溶接工程において形成された溶接金属とを接触させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は請求の範囲第2項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記溶接工程では、前記他方の面に現れる突合部に沿って形成された凹部に、溶接金属を充填する溶接金属充填工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記溶接工程では、前記構造体の内面に現れる突合部に沿って形成された凹部に、溶接金属を充填する溶接金属充填工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第2項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、大型の回転ツールによって本接合を行う本接合工程を行う前に、小型の回転ツールによって仮接合を行う仮接合工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は請求の範囲第2項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、前記突合部の両側に一対のタブ材を配置するタブ材配置工程と、前記タブ材と前記金属部材との突合部に沿って摩擦攪拌を行うタブ材仮接合工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は請求の範囲第2項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、摩擦攪拌を行う回転ツールの挿入予定位置に予め下穴を形成する下穴形成工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は請求の範囲第2項に記載の接合方法。
- 一対の金属部材同士を突き合わせてなる突合部の接合方法であって、
前記突合部に対して他方の面側から溶接を行う溶接工程を行った後、
前記突合部に対して一方の面側から摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌工程を含むことを特徴とする接合方法。 - 複数の金属部材を突き合わせて形成された筒状の構造体において、前記金属部材同士を突き合わせてなる突合部の接合方法であって、
前記突合部に対して前記構造体の内面側から溶接を行う溶接工程を行った後、
前記突合部に対して前記構造体の外面側から摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌工程を含むことを特徴とする接合方法。 - 前記溶接工程おいて形成された溶接金属と、前記摩擦攪拌工程において形成された塑性化領域とを接触させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項又は請求の範囲第10項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記溶接工程では、前記他方の面に現れる突合部に沿って形成された凹部に、溶接金属を充填する溶接金属充填工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記溶接工程では、前記構造体の内面に現れる突合部に沿って形成された凹部に、溶接金属を充填する溶接金属充填工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第10項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、大型の回転ツールによって本接合を行う本接合工程を行う前に、小型の回転ツールによって仮接合を行う仮接合工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項又は請求の範囲第10項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、前記突合部の両側に一対のタブ材を配置するタブ材配置工程と、前記タブ材と前記金属部材との突合部に沿って摩擦攪拌を行うタブ材仮接合工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項又は請求の範囲第10項に記載の接合方法。
- 前記摩擦攪拌工程において、摩擦攪拌を行う回転ツールの挿入予定位置に予め下穴を形成する下穴形成工程を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項又は請求の範囲第10項に記載の接合方法。
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JP2020032426A (ja) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 接合構造 |
FR3136689A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-22 | Safran Landing Systems | Procédé de fabrication de pièce d’atterrisseur par soudage |
PL442020A1 (pl) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-02-19 | Base Group Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Sposób spawania elementów spawalnych na stanowisku zrobotyzowanym z ukształtowaną wysokością spoiny oraz wkładka wypływu spoiny |
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JP5772778B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-02 | 2015-09-02 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | ヒートシンクの製造方法 |
US20180207745A1 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2018-07-26 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Joining method and method for manufacturing heat sink |
CN108349041A (zh) * | 2015-11-09 | 2018-07-31 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | 中空结构物的制造方法和接合方法 |
BR112018017113B1 (pt) * | 2016-06-28 | 2022-04-19 | Nitto Seiko Co., Ltd | Método para a junção com um elemento de junção sem penetração através de um elemento juntado para uma bateria de lítio e estrutura de junção sem penetração para uma bateria de lítio |
JP2019084559A (ja) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-06-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 溶接方法、及び角継手部品 |
CN116551154A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-08-08 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | 接合方法 |
WO2020235149A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-26 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 中空容器の製造方法 |
JP6698927B1 (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | 金属系筒材の製造方法及びそれに用いられる裏当て治具 |
KR102617429B1 (ko) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-12-27 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 용접구조물의 제조방법, 용접구조물 및 배터리 케이스 |
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