WO2009080423A1 - Produits alimentaires avec teneurs en sel réduites - Google Patents
Produits alimentaires avec teneurs en sel réduites Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009080423A1 WO2009080423A1 PCT/EP2008/065992 EP2008065992W WO2009080423A1 WO 2009080423 A1 WO2009080423 A1 WO 2009080423A1 EP 2008065992 W EP2008065992 W EP 2008065992W WO 2009080423 A1 WO2009080423 A1 WO 2009080423A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- food product
- vol
- salt
- bubbles
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 52
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019643 salty taste Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020881 DASH diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N L-lysine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940071162 caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018823 dietary intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014659 low sodium diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014059 processed cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015598 salt intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014860 sensory perception of taste Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021023 sodium intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L23/10—Soup concentrates, e.g. powders or cakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/40—Foaming or whipping
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to food products.
- it relates to food products having reduced salt levels and to a method of reducing salt levels in food products .
- Salt or sodium chloride is an essential nutrient (Lindemann B., Physiol. Rev. 1996, 76, 718-766) . It is, however, consumed in Western societies at relatively high levels, which are thought to be positively related to high blood pressure and related diseases, e.g. strokes and ischemic heart disease (He F.J., MacGregor G. A., Hypertension 2003, 42, 1093-1099) .
- DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- salty taste that it imparts. It is also important as a general taste enhancer, contributing to the overall flavour profile of a food product.
- potassium salts have been used to replace sodium salts.
- a clear disadvantage of using potassium salts is the bitterness and the metallic off-taste that it causes in the complete food product, when more than about 20% of the sodium ions are replaced with potassium ions.
- One of the other functionalities of salt is that it is a general bitter masker (R.S.J. Keast et al . , Chimia 2001, 55, 441- 447) . The implication of this is that at reduced salt levels only limited amounts of potassium chloride can be masked by salt.
- US-A-4 988 521 describes ready-to-eat cereals with reduced salt content but whose taste profile is organoleptically equivalent to conventional cereals having higher salt concentrations. The salt reduction is achieved by distributing the reduced salt content between a portion being distributed uniformly throughout the cereal piece and a second portion being uniformly topically applied to the cereal pieces' exterior.
- US-A-5 094 862 describes a salt substitute granule comprising a core composition made with a non-sweet carbohydrate bulking agent and a coating on the core comprising sodium chloride.
- US-A-5 098 724 describes a low sodium salt composition which tastes, handles and flows like a table salt and which contains sodium chloride, a bulking agent and optionally a binder.
- oils or fats can be used as fillers.
- Malone et al . Food Hydrocolloids 2003, 17, 775-784
- Yamamoto & Nakabayashi Yamamoto & Nakabayashi
- the object can be achieved by the edible product of the invention, which comprises homogeneously distributed gas bubbles in an aqueous phase containing sodium ions. It is surprising that unlike the oil, gas bubbles do not give a decreased taste perception.
- a food product having a reduced salt level comprising 5 to 40 vol.% of a gas in the form of bubbles.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of reducing the salt level in a food product whereby 5 to 40 vol.% of a gas is incorporated into a food product to reduce the salt level of said food product.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to the use of a gas in an amount of 5 to 40 vol.% of a gas in a food product to reduce the salt level of said food product.
- the present invention relates to a food product which contains an aqueous phase with sodium ions and a discrete phase which is made up of gas bubbles and which are homogeneously distributed in the aqueous phase.
- the gas bubbles have a volume mean diameter in the range of 1 to 1,000 micrometer, preferably from 40 to 600 micrometer, more preferably from 60 to 400 micrometer.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a food product having a reduced salt level.
- salt we mean sodium salts, in particular sodium chloride.
- the food product according to the present invention may suitably take any physical form.
- it may be a liquid or a spreadable, spoonable solid or a supplement.
- it may be a soup, a sauce, a beverage, a spread, a dressing, a dessert or a mayonnaise.
- the product is a soup, a sauce or beverage.
- a conventional soup will typically have a salt content in the range of 20- 800 mg/100 ml
- a conventional sauce will typically have a salt content in the range of 40-1,200 mg/100 ml
- a typical savoury beverage will typically have a salt content in the range of 10-500 mg/100 ml.
- a soup product in accordance with the invention containing 30 Vol.% gas bubbles will typically have a salt content in the range of about 14-560 mg/100 ml.
- a sauce in accordance with the invention containing 30 Vol.% gas bubbles will typically have a salt content in the range of about 28-840 mg/100 ml.
- a beverage in accordance with the invention containing 30 Vol.% gas bubbles will typically have a salt content in the range of about 7-350 mg/100 ml.
- the products of the invention will have a lower limit for the salt content of at least about 4 mg/100 ml.
- the product is a spread, it is preferably in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
- spread encompasses spreadable products such as margarine, spreadable cheese based products and processed cheese, but also hydrolysed yeast extracts such as MarmiteTM. If it is a beverage it typically contains at least 90 wt . % water and 0-10 wt .% of dispersed fat.
- the foamed product should be stable such that creaming and bubble growth are prevented. Creaming arises when the gas bubbles rise to the surface of the aqueous phase due to the buoyancy of the bubbles. To prevent creaming, the aqueous phase must have either an apparent yield stress or viscosity. Common ingredients that provide a yield stress or increased viscosity are xanthan gum, starches, agar, carrageenan, pectin, alginate, galactomannans such as guar gum, gelatin, gelling proteins such as whey protein, fibres such as those of fruit or vegetable origin, carboxy methyl cellulose and/or mixtures thereof.
- Bubble stability can be achieved by using suitable surface active agents.
- suitable surface active agents are proteins such as caseinate and whey, protein hydrolysates, saponins, hydrophobins and surface active particles.
- surface active particles can be found in WO2007/068344 which discloses stable foams comprising a surface-active material that comprises fibres which have been modified so as to impart surface-active properties onto said fibres and giving it a contact angle between 60° and 120°, wherein the fibres have an aspect ratio of more than 10 to 1,000.
- the yield stress agent (s) and/or thickener (s) and surface active agents used are preferably tasteless or have no strong off-taste or are used in such low concentrations that they have no influence on the taste.
- the gas bubbles can be incorporated into the aqueous phase by known methods, such as by high speed whipping using food blenders or rotary mixers.
- the bubble characteristics such as their size and volume fraction can be controlled by varying the mixing time and speed.
- all of the ingredients are present in the final food composition before the gas bubbles are incorporated by the whipping process.
- Mixing or whipping leads automatically to the homogeneous distribution of the gas bubbles.
- some ingredients, such as liquid fat can interfere with the stability of the bubbles such that no foam can be formed during whipping.
- a foamed composition comprising mostly of water and the surface active agent, can be whipped separately and then the foamed composition is thoroughly mixed into the rest of the composition. After the desired gas bubble structure has been created, the application of high shear force on the total composition is preferably avoided.
- gas examples include air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen or mixtures thereof. These gases can also be loaded with volatile flavour compounds.
- An example of a stable foam can be found in WO2007/068127 which discloses a method to prepare wet foams exhibiting long-term stability, wherein colloidal particles in a suspension are used to stabilize the gas-liquid interface and wherein the particles are present in amounts of at least about 1% by volume referred to the volume of the suspension, and wherein the whole of the suspension is homogeneously foamed.
- the incorporation of the gas bubbles into the aqueous phase which contains sodium ions does not preclude the use of other salts such as potassium or other cations or novel molecules or bitter maskers or other salt substitutes in the aqueous phase to further reduce the sodium content of the overall product.
- Foam stability and the spatial distribution of the bubbles in the product can be determined by visual method by observing the product in measuring cylinders. Further methods that can be used are optical microscopy and light scattering technique. For example, the Turbiscan Tlab measurement system (Formulaction, France) as described in US-A-20070116848, which analyses both the backscattered and transmitted light from the aerated sample of interest, can be conveniently used.
- the present invention relates to a method of reducing the salt level in a food product, whereby 5 to 40 vol.% of a gas is incorporated into a food product in the form of bubbles, to reduce the salt level of said food product.
- a third aspect of the invention is the use of a gas in an amount of 5 to 40 vol.% of a gas in a food product to reduce the salt level of said food product.
- Example 1 relates to a gelled product with 40% volume of gas incorporated by high shear mixing of the whole composition .
- Example 2 relates to a soup product with up to 30% volume of gas incorporated via post dosing of the gas bubbles into the non-aerated aqueous phase.
- Figure 1 shows a sensory evaluation of soups.
- Example 1 A soft gel, containing 40 Vol.% (volume fraction) of gas bubbles, was prepared according to Table 1.
- a solution of water with 1OmM potassium chloride and sodium chloride (according to Table 1) was heated to 90 0 C. 0.5% Xanthan and 0.25% agar were then added and the solution was stirred for one hour.
- the solution was then cooled to 50 0 C and 1% Bipro 95 whey protein was then added.
- the solution was then beaten using a Silverson mixer at 8,000 rpm for 5 minutes to get 40% volume fraction of gas bubbles.
- the resulting foam was then cooled down in an ice bath to induce gelation of the agar to keep the foam stable.
- the foams were kept in a fridge (4°C) for a night before the panel sessions.
- a premix soup composition was prepared according to Table 1.
- a ready to eat thickened chicken soup was prepared by mixing 2 1 of water per 127 g premix soup composition. This was brought to boil and it was simmered for 5 minutes.
- One soup was prepared with 25 % less sodium.
- Foam was prepared separately by adding 0.1 wt. % saponin (Desert King Ultra Dry 100) to lOOg freshly boiled water. The mixture was beaten in a Kenwood kitchen mixer (KMC550) at maximum speed for 10 minutes.
- KMC550 Kenwood kitchen mixer
- Foam was added to the soup and stirred in gently by hand, according to Table 3.
- Bubble size was estimated using the soup containing 20% VoI foam.
- the soup was sampled at two different locations and transferred to an optical microscope.
- the volume weighted mean diameter of the bubbles at both locations was approximately 180 ⁇ m.
- the samples were rated on a linear scale from 0-10.
- the reference soup was anchored at a score of 5 on this scale for each attribute. All samples were compared to the reference soup for each attribute. Water and crackers were used to rinse the mouth in between samples.
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Abstract
L'invention porte sur un produit alimentaire ayant une teneur en sel réduite, comprenant de 5 à 40 % en volume d'un gaz. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de réduction de la teneur en sel dans un produit alimentaire comprenant de 5 à 40 % en volume d'un gaz. L'invention porte également sur l'utilisation d'un gaz sous une proportion de 5 à 40 % en volume d'un gaz, dans un produit alimentaire pour réduire la teneur en sel dudit produit alimentaire.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP07123706.9 | 2007-12-19 | ||
EP07123706 | 2007-12-19 |
Publications (1)
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WO2009080423A1 true WO2009080423A1 (fr) | 2009-07-02 |
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ID=39345370
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2008/065992 WO2009080423A1 (fr) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-11-21 | Produits alimentaires avec teneurs en sel réduites |
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WO (1) | WO2009080423A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013085858A2 (fr) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composition de sel |
WO2013085859A1 (fr) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composition de sel |
WO2018114177A1 (fr) | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Unilever N.V. | Adjuvant culinaire aéré |
KR20180110196A (ko) * | 2009-04-23 | 2018-10-08 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 랜덤 액세스 성능 개선을 돕는 기지국 |
CN108777993A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-11-09 | F·H·加西亚 | 用于制备液体低钠食品级盐的方法 |
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Cited By (9)
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---|---|---|---|---|
KR20180110196A (ko) * | 2009-04-23 | 2018-10-08 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 랜덤 액세스 성능 개선을 돕는 기지국 |
KR102026957B1 (ko) | 2009-04-23 | 2019-09-30 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 랜덤 액세스 성능 개선을 돕는 기지국 |
KR20190112184A (ko) * | 2009-04-23 | 2019-10-02 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 랜덤 액세스 성능 개선을 돕는 기지국 |
KR102078980B1 (ko) | 2009-04-23 | 2020-02-19 | 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 | 랜덤 액세스 성능 개선을 돕는 기지국 |
WO2013085858A2 (fr) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composition de sel |
WO2013085859A1 (fr) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composition de sel |
CN108777993A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-11-09 | F·H·加西亚 | 用于制备液体低钠食品级盐的方法 |
JP2019508048A (ja) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-03-28 | ガルシア,フェルナンド ホラシオ | 液状低ナトリウム食用塩の製造法 |
WO2018114177A1 (fr) | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Unilever N.V. | Adjuvant culinaire aéré |
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