CN101573039B - 可食用的充气的油-水乳状液 - Google Patents
可食用的充气的油-水乳状液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101573039B CN101573039B CN2007800488333A CN200780048833A CN101573039B CN 101573039 B CN101573039 B CN 101573039B CN 2007800488333 A CN2007800488333 A CN 2007800488333A CN 200780048833 A CN200780048833 A CN 200780048833A CN 101573039 B CN101573039 B CN 101573039B
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Images
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- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/08—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from eggs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明的一个方面涉及充气的水连续相的油-水乳状液,具有10-500%的膨胀率,所述乳状液包含:5-90重量%的油相;10-95重量%的水相;占水相重量的0.3-30%的一种或多种选自高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和卵黄高磷蛋白的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质;和占水相重量的0.05%到高达10%的一种或多种选自低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和卵黄球蛋白的蛋黄浆体蛋白质;其中蛋黄颗粒蛋白质与蛋黄浆体蛋白质的重量比大于1∶1。根据本发明的充气的乳状液可以以高膨胀率轻易产生。此外,这些乳状液的泡沫结构在保存期保持了令人惊讶的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可食用的充气的油-水乳状液。本发明所涵盖的充气的水包油型乳状液的实例包括充气的蛋黄酱、充气的涂抹物(dressings)、充气的沙司、搅打奶油、舒芙蕾(soufflés)、慕思和冰淇淋。
背景技术
常规的蛋黄酱是水包油型乳状液,其包含植物油(70-80%)、蛋黄(5-8%)、盐、醋(以实现水相的pH低于4.2从而被认为是酸稳定食品)、芥末,以及任选的糖、胡椒和药草。油在蛋黄酱中通常作为具有平均油滴尺寸为3-8微米的分散相存在。因为油滴尺寸和高量的分散相,蛋黄酱包含非常紧密堆积的油滴。油滴的紧密堆积并结合使所述油滴分开的非常薄的水相层,导致蛋黄酱表现出非常合乎需要的流变学性质,其使消费者体会到乳脂状的浓稠感。
蛋黄酱典型地具有约0.9g/cm3的比重。为了保持该乳状液稳定,蛋黄酱领域的常规实践是采用蛋黄作为乳化剂,尽管其它乳化剂,例如卵磷脂、丙二醇酯、藻酸盐和植物胶也被建议。
越来越需要一种蛋黄酱型产品,该产品具有更低的油含量。然而,标准的蛋黄酱型制剂的油含量降低将导致油滴在连续水相中的紧密堆积程度变低。结果是,乳状液的稠度或粘度将显著地下降。因此,获得了质量低劣的脂肪降低的蛋黄酱,例如,获得不能用匙舀取的蛋黄酱。事实上,如果油相降低到低于临界堆积水平(~65%w/w),则常规的蛋黄酱将变成是可倾倒的。
现有技术中也建议通过制备充气的蛋黄酱产品来降低蛋黄酱的油含量。例如US3728133公开了蛋黄酱泡沫,其包含作为发泡剂的单酸甘油酯和甘油酯的羟基脂肪酸酯。
US4578278描述了充气的蛋黄酱类型的食品,包含在油、水、蛋黄、醋、调味品、胶凝化稳定剂和凝固的搅打蛋白的水包油乳化液中的气体或空气微泡泡沫。胶凝化剂适当地选自明胶、果胶、藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、琼脂、豆角胶多糖和淀粉。
上述发泡的蛋黄酱产品的重要的不利之处在于这样的事实:倡导的添加剂的使用可能不允许用在由国家规章标记为“蛋黄酱”的产品中。而且,消费者日益反对使用这种添加剂到食品中。
因此,需要可轻易地以高膨胀率制备的充气蛋黄酱产品,其泡沫结构在保存期保持稳定并且该产品进一步的特征在于它们并不包含任何在蛋黄酱中通常不使用的添加剂。
发明概述
本发明人已经发现上述要求可以通过用蛋黄颗粒蛋白质稳定充气的蛋黄酱来满足。另外,本发明人还发现蛋黄颗粒蛋白质不仅可以用于稳定充气的蛋黄酱,而且这些蛋白质实际上能够稳定多种充气的水连续相的油-水乳化液,例如涂抹物、沙司、搅打奶油、舒芙蕾、慕思和冰淇淋。
蛋黄包含高量的脂肪,并且其自身是包括在连续水相中的油滴的分散体的乳状液。母鸡蛋蛋黄具有约50至52%的总固体含量,其由15.5至16.5%的蛋白质、31.5至34.5%的脂质、0.5至1.5%的碳水化合物和0.9至1.2%的灰分组成。蛋黄脂质包括约65%的甘油三酯、29%的磷脂和5%的胆固醇作为其主要组分。蛋黄蛋白质组成为约68%的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、16%的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、10%的卵黄球蛋白和4%的卵黄高磷蛋白。
通过如下操作可将蛋黄分级成浆体和颗粒级分:用水或含水的稀盐水溶液稀释全蛋黄、然后离心得到由浆体级分组成的上清液(蛋黄干物质的77-81重量%)以及包含颗粒级分的沉淀物(蛋黄干物质的19-23重量%)。母鸡蛋蛋黄的浆体级分包含约25%的蛋白质和约73%的脂质,二者都以干物质的重量计算。浆体级分的蛋白质组分通常占蛋黄蛋白质的约80重量%并且包含低密度脂蛋白(±85重量%)和水溶性球状蛋白质卵黄球蛋白(±15重量%)。母鸡蛋蛋黄的颗粒级分典型地包含约64%的蛋白质和31%的脂质。颗粒级分的蛋白质组分占蛋黄的约20重量%并且包含高密度脂蛋白(±72重量%)、卵黄高磷蛋白(±16重量%)和低密度脂蛋白-g(±12重量%)。
本发明人已经发现,尽管事实上全蛋黄不能够有效稳定充气的水包油型乳状液,例如蛋黄酱,但是包含在蛋黄内的颗粒蛋白质级分是优异的稳定剂。尽管本发明人不希望束缚于理论,但是相信尽管包含在蛋黄的颗粒级分中的蛋白质能够使充气的水包油型乳状液内的泡沫结构被稳定化,包含在蛋黄浆体级分中的蛋白质实际上对该相同的泡沫结构具有去稳定化效果。
本发明的优点之一是其避免使用稳定剂诸如改性淀粉和树胶如黄原胶、结冷胶或瓜尔胶或至少降低了对其使用的需要。在一些国家,在标签为“蛋黄酱”的产品中不允许使用添加剂诸如人造稳定剂。
发明详述
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及充气的水连续相的油-水乳状液,具有10-500%的膨胀率,所述乳状液包含:
·5-90重量%的油相;
·10-95重量%的水相;
·占水相重量的0.3-30%的一种或多种选自高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和卵黄高磷蛋白的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质;和
·占水相重量的0.05%到高达10%的一种或多种选自低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和卵黄球蛋白的蛋黄浆体蛋白质;
其中蛋黄颗粒蛋白质与蛋黄浆体蛋白质的重量比大于1∶1。
本文使用的术语“蛋黄”是指得自禽蛋的蛋黄,最优选是得自母鸡蛋的蛋黄。
本文使用的术语“高密度脂蛋白”(HDL)是指在禽蛋蛋黄中被发现的以实质性浓度存在的蛋白质-脂质复合物。HDL包括具有容纳脂质组分的疏水性袋的蛋白质。HDL包含75-80%的载脂蛋白和20-25%的脂质。这些脂质由65%的磷脂、30%的甘油三酯和5%的胆固醇组成。HDL的两个亚类可以通过离子色谱法被分离:α-HDL和β-HDL。α-HDL比β-HDL所含的唾液酸多6倍,所含的磷多2倍。因此,α-HDL比β-HDL具有更强的酸性。除了这些差别之外,这两种类型的HDL具有相似的化学组成。HDL的分子量为约400kDa,直径为约7-20纳米和密度为约1.12克/毫升。与LDL不同的是,HDL不具有球状结构,但是其假分子结构与球状蛋白质类似。磷脂促进了HDL结构在水中的稳定化。
本文使用的术语“低密度脂蛋白”(LDL)是指作为禽蛋蛋黄的主要组分的球状复合物,所述球状复合物的直径为17-60纳米和密度为约0.982克/毫升。LDL包含主要由甘油三酯和胆甾醇酯组成的内核以及主要由磷脂、胆固醇和载脂蛋白组成的表层。载脂蛋白占LDL的11-17重量%,脂质组分占83-89重量%。这些脂质由约69%的甘油三酯、26%的磷脂和5%的胆固醇组成。LDL具有2个亚类:LDL1(10.106Da)和LDL2(3.106Da)。LDL1占总LDL的20%并且包含的蛋白质的量是LDL2的两倍。这两种LDL的化学组成是类似的。LDL的蛋白质由6种载脂蛋白组成。主要的载脂蛋白(130kDa)占载脂蛋白的超过70%。第二种载脂蛋白占载脂蛋白的约20%并且其分子量是15kDa。它们的等电点是6.5到7.3。LDL的载脂蛋白包含约40%的疏水性氨基酸并且呈现无规卷曲构型或β片层构象。因此,它们是具有高疏水性和挠性的分子。LDL的载脂蛋白在天冬酰胺酰基残基上被糖基化并且包含1.3%的己糖、0.67%的己糖胺和0.38%的唾液酸。
本文使用的术语“可食用的”是指该乳状液可以合理的量被摄取和消耗而无任何毒性或其它的急性的不利于健康的作用。因此,可以理解的是本发明的充气的乳状液优选不含任何非食品级的添加剂。
本文所用的术语“充气的”是指乳状液包含大量气泡的事实。这些气泡可以由空气组成,但是也可以使用其它气体,例如N2、N2O和CO2。因此,要理解到术语“充气的”不被诠释为仅指包含夹带空气泡的乳状液。
充气的乳状液的膨胀率计算如下:
%膨胀率=((V充气的-V未充气的)/V未充气的)×100%
其中:
V充气的 表示给定的充气乳状液样品在大气压下的体积,排除了颗粒物
质(例如水果片或者坚果)占据的体积
V未充气的 表示同样的样品在脱气后的体积,也是在大气压并且也是排除
了颗粒物质占据的体积。
本发明的乳状液的膨胀率优选为30-400%,最优选50-300%。
正如上文所说明的,本发明在于这样的认知:包含在全蛋黄内的颗粒蛋白质在稳定水连续相的水-油乳状液方面特别有效。在全母鸡蛋蛋黄中,颗粒蛋白质(HDL和卵黄高磷蛋白)与浆体蛋白质(LDL和卵黄球蛋白)的重量比典型地为约1∶4。因此,本发明的乳状液的特征在于所采用的蛋黄蛋白质包含含量实质上升高的颗粒蛋白质。根据特别的优选实施方案,在乳状液内蛋黄颗粒蛋白质与蛋黄浆体蛋白质的重量比大于2∶1、更优选4∶1,最优选9∶1。
本发明的益处在包含30-90重量%的油相和10-70重量%的水相的乳状液中特别显著。更优选地,乳状液包含50-87重量%的油相和13-50重量%的水相。后一种类型的乳状液的典型代表是脂肪降低的蛋黄酱。
包含在本发明乳状液中的油相可合适地包含许多脂质成分,诸如甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油一酯、磷脂和脂肪模拟物诸如蔗糖聚酯。甘油三酯优选占油相的至少80重量%,更优选占油相的至少90重量%,和最优选占油相的至少95重量%。油相组分在室温下可能是液体或者它们在环境条件下可能是结晶形式。在20℃,本发明的油相优选包含低于20重量%的固体脂肪、更优选低于10重量%的固体脂肪。在上述温度下,油相最优选不包含固体脂肪。
优选的充气的乳状液包括蛋黄酱、涂抹物、可口沙司、搅打奶油、舒芙蕾、慕思和冰淇淋。特别优选的是蛋黄酱、涂抹物和可口沙司。充气的乳状液最优选是蛋黄酱。本文中的术语“蛋黄酱”还包含了严格说来不是蛋黄酱(例如,因为它们不满足蛋黄酱的合法定义)但是表现出蛋黄酱的典型性质(特别是可用匙舀取性和在口内的润滑感)的产品。
本发明的充气的乳状液可包括油分散相或油连续相。油相优选是分散相,无论在哪种情况下,本发明的乳状液是水包油型乳状液或水包油包水型(water-in-oil-in-water)乳状液。
典型地,本发明的充气的乳状液包含具有平均直径(d3,2)为0.5-200微米的油分散相。更优选的,充气的乳状液包含具有平均直径(d3,2)为1-50微米、更优选2-20微米的油分散相。粒度分布的测量合适地采用基于激光衍射的仪器(MASTERSIZER 2000)进行。通过将1毫升样品用9毫升的1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(SDS)(1∶10)稀释(为了解絮凝油滴)来制备样品。在测量前,将样品搅拌约30秒并静置1小时。在处理后立即进行测量。Sauter平均直径d32的值如下进行计算:
本发明人通过采用包含重量比超过1∶1的HDL和卵黄高磷蛋白的蛋黄颗粒级分作为蛋黄颗粒蛋白质实现了特别好的结果。本发明乳状液包含的HDL和卵黄高磷蛋白的重量比最优选为2∶1至30∶1。
根据乳状液的性质,用于实现足够稳定化所需的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质的量可以广泛地改变。本发明的乳状液按水相的重量计优选包含0.5-15%、最优选1-10%的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质。正如上文所说明的,相信蛋黄浆体蛋白质不利地影响颗粒蛋白质的稳定化性质。因此,根据优选实施方案,乳状液按水相的重量计包含低于3%、更优选低于1.0%和最优选低于0.5%的蛋黄浆体蛋白质。
另一方面,为了获得本发明乳状液的最佳质地和稳固性(用Stevens值和口感表示),所述乳状液按水相的重量计包含至少0.05%、优选至少0.1%的一种或多种选自低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和卵黄球蛋白的蛋黄浆体蛋白质。
本发明的益处可在宽的pH范围,例如pH2.0-7.5,内实现。根据特别优选的实施方案,乳液的水相具有pH 2.0-7.0。最优选的,本发明的乳状液是pH2.2-4.8的酸性乳状液,最优选2.5-4.5。低pH不仅使乳状液尝起来具有酸味,而且帮助防止发生微生物腐败。根据优选实施方案,本发明的乳状液不含防腐剂(酸化剂不被认为是防腐剂)。
蛋黄颗粒蛋白质的稳定化效果在其中水相包含不超过有限量的溶解的盐的充气的乳状液中特别突出。因此,在优选实施方案中,本发明乳状液的水相的离子强度不大于5重量%NaCl水溶液的离子强度,更优选不大于2重量%NaCl水溶液的离子强度。
本发明的重要优点在于以下事实:蛋黄颗粒蛋白质的稳定化效果反映在乳状液的稳固性增加。乳状液的稳固性可以通过测定所谓的Stevens值来进行评价。通常,本发明的乳状液具有的Stevens值超过20g,更优选超过40g。乳状液的Stevens值通常不大于300g。Stevens硬度(用克表示)如下测定:在20℃,在Stevens LFRA质地分析仪(来自StevensAdvanced Weighing Systems,UK)中,采用典型的蛋黄酱网格,使用1000克的最大负荷/测量范围,并以1毫米/秒的针入速率实施20mm的针入度试验。蛋黄酱网格包含约3×3毫米的方孔,其由厚度为约1毫米的丝线组成并具有图1所示形状。
本发明的充气的乳状液除了油、水和蛋黄蛋白质之外,还可合适地包含许多成分,诸如食用酸、调味材料和着色剂。该乳状液还可包含其它的食品添加剂诸如EDTA。可被有利地并入到本发明乳状液中的调味材料的实例包括蔗糖、芥末、药草、香料、柠檬及其混合物。根据特别优选的实施方案,该乳状液包含蔗糖和芥末中的至少一种。
根据特别优选的实施方案,本发明的乳状液已用一种或多种选自以下的食用酸酸化:乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸和枸橼酸。该乳状液最优选用乙酸和/或枸橼酸酸化。
本发明的充气的乳状液优选基本上不含选自树胶、改性淀粉和未改性淀粉的人造稳定剂。树胶包括结冷胶、黄原胶、半乳甘露聚糖(例如瓜尔胶和刺槐豆胶)、藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、魔芋甘露聚糖、微晶纤维素、明胶、琼脂、阿拉伯树胶、凝胶多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖及其混合物。在这一方面的“基本上不含”是指低于1重量%,优选低于0.5重量%,更优选低于0.1重量%,最优选低于0.01重量%。
本发明的另一个方面涉及制造上文所定义的乳状液的方法,其中水、油和蛋黄颗粒蛋白质被混合和匀化、然后进行酸化和任选的另外的匀化步骤。更特别地,本发明的这一方面涉及依序包括以下步骤的方法:
·将水、油、蛋黄颗粒蛋白质和任选的其它食用成分组合;
·将被组合的各成分匀化以获得水连续相的油-水乳状液,优选是水包油型乳状液;和
·对乳状液充气以实现所示膨胀率。
为了对乳状液进行匀化,可使用本领域技术人员已知的任何合适的设备。
优选的设备包括胶体磨机(例如来自Ross),高压匀浆器和流线(inline)匀浆器(例如来自Maelstrom IPM)。
有几种可以实现乳状液充气的加工途径。最常用的实施例包括采用常规手动或电子食品混合机或者加工机进行敲打或者搅打或者搅拌。采用搅拌附加装置允许将空气夹带到该食品中。发泡速度和掺入的体积部分取决于施加给产品搅拌的能量。
充气的额外途径包括采用含有可溶气体例如二氧化碳或者一氧化二氮的加压气溶胶体系,其在操作时在压力下释放气体以形成泡沫。不溶性气体例如氮气也可以用于在掺入加压容器时形成泡沫(例如采用酿造工业中所谓的“widget”技术)。充气的进一步其它工艺包括采用超声波,其也可以通过空腔形成工艺产生泡沫结构。此外,泡沫也可以通过化学反应产生,其中例如二氧化碳的气体作为反应副产物形成。
本发明的乳状液可合适地经历热处理以增加储存期。可使用本领域已知的任何热处理,诸如巴氏灭菌法、杀菌、超高压及其组合。
进一步通过以下实施例阐述本发明。
实施例
实施例1
根据以下食谱制造了充气的三种乳状液:
成分(重量%) | A | B | C |
未变性蛋黄蛋白质# | 1.2 | - | - |
蛋黄颗粒蛋白质# | - | 1.2 | - |
蛋黄浆体蛋白质# | - | 1.2 | |
油 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
NaCl水溶液(0.75M) | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 |
总计 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
#所示浓度涉及蛋黄蛋白质。
从在制备蛋黄酱产品之一所用的相同的未变性的母鸡蛋蛋黄中分离出蛋黄颗粒和蛋黄浆体。通过以下过程获得蛋黄:
·打破新鲜的鸡蛋
·将蛋黄在薄纱(tissue)上滚动直到所有的蛋白被除去
·用玻璃移液管击穿蛋黄膜从而将蛋黄从“被膜”中释放出来
·将释放出的蛋黄收集在烧杯中
如下从如此获得的全蛋黄中分离出浆体和颗粒级分:用等量的NaCl水溶液(0.17M NaCl)稀释蛋黄,然后温和搅拌1小时。然后,在8,000g和10℃下将蛋黄悬浮液离心30分钟。在小心地倾析出上清液之后,将上清液在相同条件下再次进行离心处理。如此获得的沉淀物被合并并用NaCl溶液洗涤4次(在搅拌下耗时1小时),每次洗涤步骤后进行在上述条件下的离心。离心后获得的合并的沉淀物代表颗粒级分,合并的上清液代表浆体级分。
乳状液如下制备:混合蛋黄组分和水,添加油并且用转子-定子在20,000rpm混合2分钟,随后在100巴匀化。为了获得相似的油滴尺寸分布,对该三种乳状液采用不同的匀化时间(9-15分钟)。
乳状液在8℃存储过夜且随后在相同温度在Kenwood敲打混合机中充气10分钟。如此获得的产品由专家小组在制备之后立刻以及在5℃储存21天后分析和评价。获得以下结果:
A | B | C | |
刚制备的 | |||
-膨胀率 | 103% | 59% | 137% |
-粘度(50s-1) | 0.8Pa.s | 1.1Pa.s | 0.3Pa.s |
-感官性质 | 淡黄色、有光泽、粗糙、湿润流动 | 灰暗、粗糙、湿润紧密、固体、脆弱 | 有光泽、光滑、湿润液体 |
21天之后 | |||
-稳定性 | 不稳定 | 非常稳定 | 不稳定、塌陷 |
实施例2
重复实施例1,不同的是这次通过添加乙酸/乙酸钠缓冲水溶液(50mM)将水相的pH降低到pH4.0。采用实施例1中相似的匀化条件对乳状液进行匀化和充气。
这次获得如下结果:
A | B | C | |
刚制备的 | |||
-膨胀率 | 60% | 59% | 103% |
-粘度(50s-1) | 0.9Pa.s | 1.0Pa.s | 0.5Pa.s |
-感官性质 | 粗糙泡沫、非常低的粘度 | 强泡沫 | 非常可倾倒,弱泡沫 |
21天之后 | |||
-稳定性 | 不稳定的泡沫 | 稳定的泡沫 | 不稳定的泡沫 |
Claims (11)
1.充气的水连续相的油-水乳状液,具有10-500%的膨胀率,所述乳状液包含:
●5-90重量%的油相;
●10-95重量%的水相;
●占水相重量的0.3-30%的一种或多种选自高密度脂蛋白和卵黄高磷蛋白的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质;和
●占水相重量的0.05%以上,且低于3%的一种或多种选自低密度脂蛋白和卵黄球蛋白的蛋黄浆体蛋白质;
其中蛋黄颗粒蛋白质与蛋黄浆体蛋白质的重量比大于2∶1;其中该乳状液具有2.5-4.5的pH;
其中高密度脂蛋白和卵黄高磷蛋白的重量比超过1∶1。
2.权利要求1的乳状液,其中蛋黄是母鸡蛋蛋黄。
3.权利要求1或2的乳状液,包含30-90重量%的油相和10-70重量%的水相。
4.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液包含以重量比2∶1至30∶1存在的高密度脂蛋白和卵黄高磷蛋白。
5.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液按水相的重量计包含0.5-15%的蛋黄颗粒蛋白质。
6.权利要求1或2的乳状液,按水相重量计包含低于1.0%的蛋黄浆体蛋白质。
7.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中水相的离子强度不大于5重量%NaCl水溶液的离子强度。
8.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液是含有平均直径d3,2为0.5-200微米的油滴的水包油型乳状液。
9.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液的Stevens值超过20g。
10.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液已用一种或多种选自乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸和枸橼酸的食用酸酸化。
11.权利要求1或2的乳状液,其中乳状液不包含任何非食品级添加剂。
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GB0905672D0 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2009-05-20 | Cadbury Holdings Ltd | Confectionery product |
BR112014023715B1 (pt) | 2012-04-03 | 2020-03-24 | Unilever N.V. | Método para preparar uma composição na forma de uma emulsão água em óleo aerada, composição obtida e uso da mesma |
KR101425610B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-07-31 | 한국교통대학교산학협력단 | 유화 안정성이 개선된 마요네즈의 제조 방법 |
EP2695527A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-12 | Unilever N.V. | Aerated oil-in-water emulsion composition containing egg yolk fraction and hydrophobin |
US20140255556A1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-11 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Shelf-stable snack and method for making same |
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US3224883A (en) * | 1962-10-01 | 1965-12-21 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Aerosol topping |
US3728133A (en) * | 1971-08-11 | 1973-04-17 | Scm Corp | Foamed mayonnaise composition |
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RU2436403C2 (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
MX2009006858A (es) | 2009-07-03 |
CA2672381A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
WO2008080738A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
AU2007341458B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EP2094097A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
BRPI0719606A2 (pt) | 2013-12-10 |
US8425970B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
AU2007341458A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
ZA200904101B (en) | 2010-08-25 |
CA2672381C (en) | 2015-12-01 |
BRPI0719606B1 (pt) | 2016-02-10 |
CN101573039A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
RU2009128995A (ru) | 2011-02-10 |
ES2452322T3 (es) | 2014-03-31 |
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