WO2009060286A2 - Active withering machine - Google Patents
Active withering machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009060286A2 WO2009060286A2 PCT/IB2008/002951 IB2008002951W WO2009060286A2 WO 2009060286 A2 WO2009060286 A2 WO 2009060286A2 IB 2008002951 W IB2008002951 W IB 2008002951W WO 2009060286 A2 WO2009060286 A2 WO 2009060286A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- leaf
- conveyor
- withering
- conveyors
- moisture
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
- F26B9/08—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers including agitating devices, e.g. pneumatic recirculation arrangements
- F26B9/082—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers including agitating devices, e.g. pneumatic recirculation arrangements mechanically agitating or recirculating the material being dried
- F26B9/087—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers including agitating devices, e.g. pneumatic recirculation arrangements mechanically agitating or recirculating the material being dried the recirculation path being positioned outside the drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
- F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
- F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/20—Teas, i.e. drying, conditioning, withering of tea leaves
Definitions
- the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE could be used to wither green tea leaf in the tea manufacturing process.
- This moisture will be distributed uniformly within the leaf.
- the flow of air removes the moisture closest to the surface of the leaf causing a gradent of moisture concentration from the surface to the inner core of the leaf.
- the initial amount of moisture removed from the leaf is high and it takes time for the inner moisture to return to the surface.
- the surface moisture refered to below, is the moisture which is inside the leaf and closest to the surface. This is present in the leaf due to the leaf being part of a live plant. Here the surface moisture does not refer to water which may be on the leaf due to rainy weather.
- the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE is made up of various parts as shown in figure 1.
- the green leaf is first loaded into the withering chamber, from here a small quantity of green leaf is taken for withering, this quantity of leaf is placed in a path of flowing air provided by fan(s). The movement of air over the green leaf will remove the surface moisture of the green leaf. Then this quantity of green leaf is placed back in the withering chamber and a new quantity of green leaf is placed in the path of the flowing air.
- the green leaf contains moisture and air flowing across it, removes only the moisture closest to the surface. Once this surface moisture is removed, the green leaf can be kept aside for awhile to allow the moisture inside the leaf to come back to the surface or become uniformly distributed within the leaf. Once moisture comes back to the surface it can be removed by placing the green leaf back again in the path of airflow.
- the main advantage of the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE is that the green leaf is exposed to the flowing air, intermittently and at a point when the surface of the green leaf is rich in moisture. This way the air flowing across it, removes the moisture as soon as it comes into contact with the surface of the leave. Air is not blown across the green leaf when the moisture is inside the leaf or when the moisture is inaccessible.
- the present practice is to blow air across the leaf continuously while it is placed in the withering troughs.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
Abstract
This patent describes a new machine which can be used to wither green tea leaves in the tea factory. The present method to wither green leaf is to place the green leaf on withering troughs and continuously blow air through the leaf. This removes the moisture in the green leaf to the desirable level. The ACTIVE WHITHERING MACHINE will remove the moisture of the green tea leaf by blowing air across the leaf at intermittent intervals. This can be done by blowing air across the leaf for a few minutes with a fan which has a lower power rating. The leaf could be allowed to idle for a few minutes and the cycle repeated again.
Description
Description ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE
[1] The ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE could be used to wither green tea leaf in the tea manufacturing process.
[2] At present tea manufacturing is carried out with the following steps, first the green tea leaf is withered, then roller, dried and shifted. The withering is carried out by placing green tea leaves in a trough and air is forced through the leaves with the help of a fan. The flow of air removes the moisture in the green leaf. In most cases the withering takes about eight hours.
[3] The green tea leaf fresh from the field will contain a certain amount of moisture.
This moisture will be distributed uniformly within the leaf. The flow of air removes the moisture closest to the surface of the leaf causing a gradent of moisture concentration from the surface to the inner core of the leaf. The initial amount of moisture removed from the leaf is high and it takes time for the inner moisture to return to the surface.
[4] The surface moisture refered to below, is the moisture which is inside the leaf and closest to the surface. This is present in the leaf due to the leaf being part of a live plant. Here the surface moisture does not refer to water which may be on the leaf due to rainy weather.
[5] The ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE is made up of various parts as shown in figure 1. The green leaf is first loaded into the withering chamber, from here a small quantity of green leaf is taken for withering, this quantity of leaf is placed in a path of flowing air provided by fan(s). The movement of air over the green leaf will remove the surface moisture of the green leaf. Then this quantity of green leaf is placed back in the withering chamber and a new quantity of green leaf is placed in the path of the flowing air.
[6] The green leaf contains moisture and air flowing across it, removes only the moisture closest to the surface. Once this surface moisture is removed, the green leaf can be kept aside for awhile to allow the moisture inside the leaf to come back to the surface or become uniformly distributed within the leaf. Once moisture comes back to the surface it can be removed by placing the green leaf back again in the path of airflow.
[7] The whole process is repeated over and over again until the desired moisture level is achieved in the green leaf.
[8] The main advantage of the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE is that the green leaf is exposed to the flowing air, intermittently and at a point when the surface of the green leaf is rich in moisture. This way the air flowing across it, removes the moisture as soon as it comes into contact with the surface of the leave. Air is not blown across the green leaf when the moisture is inside the leaf or when the moisture is inaccessible. The present practice is to blow air across the leaf continuously while it is placed in the withering troughs.
[9] Initially the green leaf is loaded into the withering chamber by the conveyor No. 1 see figure 1. Once the leaf is loaded, it is ready to be withered. A controlled quantity of green leaf is allowed to enter the conveyor No. 2 see figure 1, continuously from the bottom of the withering chamber. The set of conveyors No. 2, 3, 4 etc. carries the
green leaf back to the top and drops the leaf back into the withering chamber.
[10] While the leaf is moving on conveyor No. 4 (or any other conveyor) it is exposed to a flow of air provided by a fan(s) see figure 1. This flow of air, removes the moisture from the surface or closest to surface of the green leaf. The rate of airflow and the rate at which the converyors move is such that it removes most of the surface moisture by the time the leaf reaches the top of conveyor No. 4. The green leaf is now carried by conveyor No. 5 and placed back in the withering chamber at the top.
[11] The green leaf placed at the top will gradually come to the bottom again and be ready for it to go through the process again. The time taken for the leaf to enter the lower conveyor No 2 again, is sufficient for the moisture to stabilize within the leaf and have a uniform spread over its surface.
Claims
Claims
[1] Removing moisture of green tea leaves by exposing the leaf at suitable intervals to a stream of moving air. The airflow removes the moisture closest to the surface of the leaf. The air is not allowed to flow across the leaf after an appreciable amount of moisture is removed from the surface of the leaf. The leaf is kept in the withering chamber and allowed to stabilize so that the moisture (spread or concentration) in the leaf becomes uniform. Once the moisture has spread uniformly across the leaf, the leaf is taken and again exposed to flow of air. See figure 2
The flow of air across so that to stable levels air is again the leaf removes blown to remove moisture moisture from the leaf
in the leaf stablises and closest to the surface of the which is closest to the becomes uniformly spread leaf. surface through out the leaf.
Figure 2
[2] The use of a withering chamber as shown in the figure 1. The withering chamber could be any geometrical size or shape. It is a space or place to hold the green tea leaf from the time it enters the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE until the moisture from the green leaf is removed to a desirable value.
[3] The use of a conveyor(s) to load green leaf into the withering chamber. This refers to conveyor No. 1 in the figure 1. The conveyor No. 1 could be operated at a higher speed than the other conveyors as this will help to load the withering chamber with leaf at a higher speed.
[4] The use of long conveyors instead of a withering chamber so that the leaf is kept moving on conveyors for the period of time until the moisture distrubution in the leaf stablises and becomes uniformly spread through out the leaf.
[5] The use of table or floor space to keep the green leaf until the moisture distrubution in the leaf stablises and becomes uniformly spread through out the leaf. [6] The discharge or exit from the withering chamber from the bottom or lower side or lower sides of chamber to a conveyor. See figure 3.
Center discharge Side discharge Double discharge
Figure 3
[7] The use of a conveyor or a set of conveyors to circulate or transport the green leaf from the withering chamber across the fan(s) and back again to the withering chamber. As small quantities of green leaf is constantly carried to and from the withering chamber, this action, mechanically rotates the leaf during withering, giving an even wither in all leaves.
[8] The surface of the conveyor belts can be smooth and flat or a rough profile. A perforated surface can be use to ventilate the surface of the leaf which is in contact with the belt. [9] The constant action of the leaf moving on the conveyors will remove any sand or grit that may contaminate the leaf. A perforated surface of the conveyor belt will allow the sand or grit to separate out. [10] The above conveyors could be any type of conveyors for example; belt conveyor, bucket conveyor, screw conveyor, pneumatic conveyor etc. and the conveyors could be fixed speed, variable speed or multiple speed. See figure 4
Forced air provided by the fan moves the tea leaves from the bottom of the withering chamber to the top and also removes the moisture from the leaves
Figure 4 - Pneumatic conveyor
[H] The use of one or more sets of conveyors to wither the green leaf. The number and size of conveyors will vary according to the application and the quantity, quality of the green leaf. See figure 5
Double converyor arrangement - two conveyors on both sides of the withering chamber with fans
Figure 5
[12] The use of spreaders on the conveyor to spread the green leaf evenly on the
conveyor. See figure 6
spreader
Rotating or fixed spreaders to even out the tea leaves on the conveyor
Figure 6
[13] The use of one fan or more than one fan to blow air across the green leaf. These fans or blowers could be mounted on the conveyor or externally. See figure 7. The fan(s) could be variable speed or fixed speed. A number of fans could be switched ON and OFF according to the requirements.
Figure 7
[14] The fan(s) can have a cowl to direct the air across the leaf. The fan(s) could have guide vanes which regulate or control the quantity of air. [15] The use of one or more fans to blow air across the green leaf while the green leaf is moving on the conveyor(s). [16] The use of one or more fans to blow air across a room which a number of
Six Active Withering Machines in a room with one main fan. The airflow is arranged to flow over the conveyors.
Figure 7A
[17] The use of one or more fans to blow air across the green leaf while the green leaf is in the withering chamber. See figure 8
Fans mounted on the top or side of the withering chamber
Figure 8
[18] The use of an external fan(s) instead of a fan mounted on the conveyor and to apply the air across the green leaf through a hose(s) or a nozzle(s). [19] The use of an external compressor instead of a fan and to apply the air across the green leaf through a hose(s) or a nozzle(s). [20] To admit hot air into the path of the fan so that withering could be done during wet weather periods. The hot air could be mixed with the local air. See figure 9
Conveyor
Figure 9
[21] The use of ducts to bring fresh air from inside or outside the tea factory and the use of ducts to exhaust the spent air or moisture laden air. [22] To use dry air which will enhance the removal of moisture from the leaf. The dry air could be added to the fans in a similar manner as shown in figure 9. The dry air could be supplied by the use of a dehumidifier.
[23] To construct the withering chamber independently of the conveyors so that the weight of the green leaf could be measured at anytime. Scales or other weighing instruments can be installed at the feet of the withering chamber or suspended from the top. The weight of the green leaf, when the leaf is loaded into the withering chamber and after removing the moisture can be easily measured so that there is an indication of the amount of moisture removed from the green leaf. See figure 10
Figure 10
[24] To install measuring instruments inside the withering chamber or on the walls of the withering chamber. These instruments could be made to measure any of the
variables, for example temperature, moisture content, colour, level of leaf in withering chamber etc.
[25] To install measuring instruments on the conveyors or by the conveyors. These instruments could be made to measure any of the variables, for example temperature, moisture content, colour, rate of flow of air, rate of flow of leaf, level of leaf on the conveyor etc.
[26] The use of one or more ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE in series or parallel. This will allow to minimize the number of conveyors for a set of ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINES. The loading and unloading of leaf could be done by the use of the combination these conveyors. See figure 11 which shows the plan layout of six ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINES.
Figure 11
[27] The use of conveyors to load and unload the green leaf into and out of the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE. See figure 12. The figure show the loading of withering chamber C. For unloading the leaf from the withering chamber the same set of conveyors can be used. The figure 13 show the same arrangement with pneumatic conveyors. The discharge nozzle of the pneumatic conveyor can be rotated for loading and unloading requirements.
Loading Machine C - Conveyor moves out so that the leaves fall into C
Figure 12
Figure 13 below show the arrangement with pneumatic conveyors and rotatable discharge nozzles.
Loading machine C - the nozzles turned so that the leaf is loaded into the next machine.
Figure 13
[28] During loading of leaf and during withering of the leaf, the mechanical conveyor or the pneumatic conveyor will cause a hump of leaf to be formed closest to the conveyor. This can be leveled off with the use of mechanical spreaders or fans which will blow the leaf away from the hump. See figure 14 and figure 15
The use of the spreader will level the leaf in the withering chamber
Figure 14
The fans are used to blow the leaf falling into the withering chamber so that the leaf moves to the ends of the chamber
Figure 15
[29] The use of a flexible nozzle in the pneumatic conveyor to level out the leaf as shown in figure 16.
Pneumatic conveyor with flexible discharge nozzle Figure 16
[30] The construction of the conveyor frames could be of wood, iron, aluminum or a combination of any of these or any other ridge material. [31] The withering chamber could be constructed from the same material as above and in addition the walls of the chamber could be constructed from flexible materials such as cloth, netting, plastic mesh. A transparent material such as glass or plastic to inspect the inside of the chamber can also be included.
[32] The hopper which discharges green leaf to the conveyor at the bottom of the withering chamber could be constructed out of the same materials. If the hopper is made out of ridge material then the door which discharges the leaf into the conveyor can be built out of flexible material or ridge material lined with flexible materials.
[33] The use of cloth or netting or a flexible material can allow the hopper to be mechanically knocked or shaken so that the leaf will easily drop on to the conveyor. See figure 17 and figure 18
Figure 17
Figure 18
[34] The hopper will have a variable opening so that the rate at which leaf is discharged on to the conveyor could be controlled. This could be done manually or mechanically, electrically.
[35] The doors can be lined with cloth or a flexible material so that the leaf will discharge on to the conveyor directly without getting stuck in between the doors or hinges.
[36] The arrangement shown in figure 17 and the doors shown in figure 18 can be used with discharge methods shown in figure 3. [37] The number of hoppers in the ACTIVE WITHERING MACHINE could be more than one.
[38] The number of discharge points on to the conveyor could be more than one. [39] The conveyors and withering chamber could be mounted on wheels so that they can be moved about freely.
[40] This machine can be used to remove moisture from other materials other than tea as found suitable. [41] The use of conveyor No. 1 as both the loading conveyor and the withering conveyor as shown in figure 19.
Withering chamber
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LK1471507 | 2007-11-07 | ||
LK14715 | 2007-11-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009060286A2 true WO2009060286A2 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
WO2009060286A3 WO2009060286A3 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
WO2009060286A4 WO2009060286A4 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2008/002951 WO2009060286A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2008-11-05 | Active withering machine |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102139808A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Multipoint-discharge environmental-friendly movable discharging car |
CN102687768A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-09-26 | 安徽省祁门县祁红茶业有限公司 | Withering machine for tea production |
CN103988923A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-08-20 | 安徽省屯溪实验茶场 | Fresh flower aroma strip high quality green tea processing method |
JP2014158455A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-09-04 | Terada Seisakusho Co Ltd | Raw tea leaf wilting device |
CN104970121A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-14 | 柳州市侗天湖农业生态旅游投资有限责任公司 | Tea leaf withering machine |
CN108662862A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-16 | 龙岩市八仙岩茶业有限公司 | A kind of multi-angle regulation tealeaves drying device |
CN112902638A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Closed-loop intelligent tea drying method and drying machine |
CN113467530A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-01 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Tea leaf withering rate control method |
CN115251192A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-01 | 南平市建阳区叶施甘霖茶业有限公司 | Tea leaf withering machine |
CN115823845A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-21 | 杭州径林茶业有限公司 | Uniform-speed stirring equipment for drying tea leaves |
Families Citing this family (3)
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CN106962529A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-07-21 | 余庆县玉笏春茶业有限责任公司 | A kind of tea withering machine |
CN107990690A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 桐城市天泰农机服务专业合作社 | A kind of drying tea leaves mechanism |
CN110921266A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 安捷利(番禺)电子实业有限公司 | FPC positive and negative detects turning device |
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US2465928A (en) * | 1945-09-08 | 1949-03-29 | Emmet P Reese | Double compartment hay drier having fluid current conveying means |
FR2289860A1 (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-05-28 | Secemia | Drying vegetable grains circulating in system - by alternately applying hot gas in short widely spaced periods |
US5675910A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1997-10-14 | Lee E. Norris Construction & Grain Co., Inc. | Recirculating batch peanut drying apparatus |
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2008
- 2008-11-05 WO PCT/IB2008/002951 patent/WO2009060286A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2465928A (en) * | 1945-09-08 | 1949-03-29 | Emmet P Reese | Double compartment hay drier having fluid current conveying means |
FR2289860A1 (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-05-28 | Secemia | Drying vegetable grains circulating in system - by alternately applying hot gas in short widely spaced periods |
US5675910A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1997-10-14 | Lee E. Norris Construction & Grain Co., Inc. | Recirculating batch peanut drying apparatus |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102139808A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Multipoint-discharge environmental-friendly movable discharging car |
CN102687768A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-09-26 | 安徽省祁门县祁红茶业有限公司 | Withering machine for tea production |
JP2014158455A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-09-04 | Terada Seisakusho Co Ltd | Raw tea leaf wilting device |
CN103988923A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-08-20 | 安徽省屯溪实验茶场 | Fresh flower aroma strip high quality green tea processing method |
CN103988923B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽省屯溪实验茶场 | The working method of the fragrant bar type excellent green tea of a kind of blowing |
CN104970121A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-14 | 柳州市侗天湖农业生态旅游投资有限责任公司 | Tea leaf withering machine |
CN108662862A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-16 | 龙岩市八仙岩茶业有限公司 | A kind of multi-angle regulation tealeaves drying device |
CN112902638A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Closed-loop intelligent tea drying method and drying machine |
CN112902638B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2023-09-26 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Closed-loop intelligent tea drying method and dryer |
CN113467530A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-01 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Tea leaf withering rate control method |
CN113467530B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2024-03-26 | 广东省现代农业装备研究所 | Tea withering rate control method |
CN115251192A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-01 | 南平市建阳区叶施甘霖茶业有限公司 | Tea leaf withering machine |
CN115823845A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-21 | 杭州径林茶业有限公司 | Uniform-speed stirring equipment for drying tea leaves |
CN115823845B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-08-08 | 杭州径林茶业有限公司 | A agitated vessel at uniform velocity for tealeaves is dried |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009060286A3 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
WO2009060286A4 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
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