RU2301518C1 - Grain storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: elevator and grain storage industry, in particular, drying and prolonged storage of cereal grain.

SUBSTANCE: grain storage consists of sequentially connected similar sections with netted bottom equipped with two valves which are adapted for cantilevered opening thereof. Slide valve stops are positioned on both sides, at valve junction sites. Diffuser with branch pipes in side walls and discharge shutter are placed under netted bottom, said branch pipes being designed for feeding of heat-carrier. Discharge belt conveyor is positioned under diffuser shutter. Each of said sections provided in two opposite side walls has set of horizontal parallel perforated windows with baffles. All windows at each side wall of sections have common converging tube. Baffles are provided in upper part of each section. Charging belt conveyor with self-propelled charging cart is positioned above baffles. Box with branch pipes is positioned above charging conveyor, said branch pipes being designed for discharge of used heat-carrier.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in keeping of grain quality during prolonged storage owing to well-timed active ventilation.

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Description

The invention relates to the elevator industry and is used for drying and long-term storage of grain crops, in particular wheat, sunflower seeds, barley, etc.

The closest in its technical essence and the achieved effect is a complex for drying and long-term storage of grain (RF Patent No. 2202167, A01F 25/00, 25/08, 25/14, 25/22, V02V 1/08, F26V 3/00, 5/00, claimed January 15, 2001; published April 20, 2003), containing horizontally located grain storage tanks with air pipes for loading grain, an upper loading conveyor and a lower unloading conveyor, fans and electric heaters.

However, the known complex for drying and long-term storage of grain does not provide quick and rapid cooling of the grain during storage and expends a significant amount of energy to dry the grain.

An object of the invention is the stabilization of the moisture and moisture characteristics of grain during drying and storage, the reduction of specific energy consumption, improving the quality of grain during drying and preserving its quality during prolonged storage in a silo by preventing self-heating of grain and organizing its timely active ventilation.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the granary containing containers with air ducts, loading and unloading conveyors, fan and air heater, the new thing is that the granary consists of series-connected and structurally identical sections of rectangular cross section, in the lower part of each section there is a mesh bottom with two sashes, in the places of contact of which on both sides the slide stops are installed for their fixation in horizontal position, the sashes are made with the possibility of cantilever opening, under the sieve bottom there is a diffuser with nozzles in the side walls for supplying coolant and an unloading shutter, and under the diffuser there is an unloading conveyor belt, several parallel horizontally arranged perforated windows are made in two side opposite walls of each section, each window is equipped with blinds, all windows each side wall on the outside has a common confuser, in the upper part of each section there are installed blinds over which a loading conveyor belt with amohodnoy unloading trolley, which provides a grain loading in the corresponding section granaries and mounted above the loading duct belt conveyor with nozzles for removal of spent coolant.

Figure 1 presents a three-dimensional image of the proposed granary, figure 2 is a cross section of a section of the granary, figure 3 is a three-dimensional image of a loading belt conveyor with unloading trolley.

The granary contains sequentially connected and structurally identical sections 1 of rectangular cross-section with support racks 2 (figure 1). In the lower part of each section 1 there is a double-leaf sieve bottom 3, under which there is a diffuser 4 with nozzles 5 in the side walls for supplying coolant and a shutter 18 for unloading grain (figure 2). In its lower part, an unloading conveyor belt is mounted 6. In the place of contact of the sieves of the sieve bottom 3, slide stops 8 are installed on both sides, which serve as latches for the horizontal position of the bottom 3.

The two-leaf sieve bottom 3 is made with the possibility of cantilever opening: for this, it is equipped with a shaft 7 that performs rotation, and with slide stops 8.

In two opposite side walls several parallel horizontal windows 10 are made. The side walls at the locations of the windows 10 are perforated. On the outside, each window is equipped with shutters 11. All windows located on the side wall have a common confuser 12. At the top of each section 1 there are shutters 13, over which a loading belt conveyor 14 with a self-propelled unloading trolley 15 is mounted, which provides grain loading in corresponding section of the granary.

Self-propelled unloading trolley 15 is a frame 19 on four wheels 20, a reversible electric motor 26, an upper drum 21, a lower drum 22, an unloading funnel 23 with two side nozzles 24 (Fig. 3). The trolley 15 moves along the guides 25 with the help of a reversible electric motor 26 mounted on the frame 19. The electric motor 26 drives the axis of the front pair of wheels 20 by means of a belt drive 9, making the trolley 15 move. The conveyor belt 14 bends around the upper 21 and lower 22 drums of the trolley fifteen.

Above the loading belt conveyor 14, a box with pipes 17 is installed to remove the spent coolant.

Each section of the granary is equipped with several sensors 16 for monitoring the temperature of the product, located at some steps along the height of the section.

The granary works as follows.

The grain is fed to the conveyor belt 14. A reversible electric motor 26 is turned on, which, using a belt drive 9, drives the axis of the front pair of wheels 20, moving the trolley 15 so that the two side pipes 24 are above the shutters 13 of the first section. Then, the electric motor 26 is turned off and the trolley 15 stops above the first section of the granary. The louvers 13 are installed, installed in the upper part of the first section 1. The double-leaf sieve bottom 3, which is in horizontal position, is fixed by the slide stops 8. The drive (not shown) of the loading belt conveyor 14 is turned on and with the help of the unloading trolley 15 the grain is poured from the belt into the discharge funnel 23, from it into two side pipes 24 and then through open shutters 13 to the first section of the granary on the surface of the sieve bottom 3. The shutters 11 installed on the windows 10 are closed.

After filling the first section of the granary, the drive of the loading conveyor belt 14 is turned off. The reversible electric motor 26 is turned on, which, with the help of a belt drive 9, moves the trolley 15 so that two side pipes 24 are above the louvers 13 of the second section. Then the loading cycle is repeated in the previously described sequence until all sections of the granary are filled.

During long-term storage, the grain tends to self-heat, which can not only impair the quality of the stored grain, but also lead to its ignition.

As soon as information about a spontaneous increase in the temperature of the stored grain arrives at the operator, the following operations are performed. Open the blinds 11 installed on the windows 10. The blinds 13 are closed at this moment. Through nozzles 5 located in the side walls of the diffuser 4, a cooled and drained coolant (air) is supplied. The lower flap 18 is closed. It penetrates the sieve bottom 3 and the layer of grain located on it cools the grain, while taking some of the moisture from it. It reaches the corresponding window 10, opposite which the blinds 11 are open, and leaves the section into the common confuser 12, from which it is removed for subsequent disposal. If it becomes necessary to cool and dry the entire volume of grain located in the first section, then the blinds 13 open and the blinds 11 close. In this case, the cooled and dried air penetrates the entire grain layer in the first section and is removed from the granary through the nozzles 17.

If it is necessary to unload grain from the granary, the coolant supply is stopped, the slide stops 8 release the double-leaf sieve bottom 3 and the shaft 7 oscillates and the sashes of the sieve bottom 3 lower to the lower position. The flap 18 opens and the grain is poured onto the belt of the unloading conveyor 6, which directs the grain for further processing.

Thus, the proposed granary in comparison with the base has the following advantages:

- stabilizes the temperature and humidity of the grain during storage in the granary due to the impact on the multiplicity of recirculation in the dry phase, depending on the moisture content of the drying agent at the inlet of the dryer;

- stabilizes the temperature and humidity of grain during storage in silos through active ventilation with conditioned (dried and cooled) air;

- prevents self-heating of grain during storage;

- ensures the maintenance of optimal grain storage parameters while reducing energy consumption per unit mass of dried grain by 12 ... 16%.

Claims (1)

A granary containing containers with air ducts, loading and unloading conveyors, a fan and an air heater, characterized in that the granary consists of series-connected and structurally identical sections of rectangular cross section, in the lower part of each section there is a sieve bottom with two wings, at the points of contact of both of them the sides are fitted with a stopper for fixing them in a horizontal position, the wings are made with the possibility of cantilever opening, installed under the sieve bottom a diffuser with nozzles in the side walls for supplying coolant and an unloading shutter, and an unloading conveyor belt under the diffuser, several parallel horizontally arranged perforated windows are made in two side opposite walls of each section, each window is equipped with shutters, all windows of each of the side walls are external the sides have a common confuser, in the upper part of each section there are installed blinds over which a loading conveyor belt with a self-propelled unloading trolley is mounted, which provides loading of grain in the corresponding section of the granary, and above the loading conveyor belt there is a box with nozzles for removing waste coolant.

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