WO2009014821A2 - Method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation - Google Patents

Method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009014821A2
WO2009014821A2 PCT/US2008/066668 US2008066668W WO2009014821A2 WO 2009014821 A2 WO2009014821 A2 WO 2009014821A2 US 2008066668 W US2008066668 W US 2008066668W WO 2009014821 A2 WO2009014821 A2 WO 2009014821A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
independently
organophosphorus
aqueous fluid
organophosphorus compounds
hydroxyl
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PCT/US2008/066668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2009014821A3 (en
Inventor
Tobias Johannes Futterer
Lawrence Alan Hough
Robert Lee Reierson
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Rhodia Inc.
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Application filed by Rhodia Inc. filed Critical Rhodia Inc.
Priority to MX2009013365A priority Critical patent/MX2009013365A/es
Priority to CN200880025449.6A priority patent/CN101755027B/zh
Priority to NO08770800A priority patent/NO2173832T3/no
Priority to CA2694024A priority patent/CA2694024C/en
Priority to EP08770800.4A priority patent/EP2173832B1/en
Publication of WO2009014821A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009014821A2/en
Publication of WO2009014821A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009014821A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/602—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing surfactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/885—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation.
  • a variety of methods are used for recovering crude oil from subterranean formations. Initially, oil is produced from a formation by pressure depletion. In this method, the differential pressure between the formation and a production well or wells forces the oil contained within the formation toward a production well where it can be recovered. Typically, up to about 35 percent of the oil which is initially contained in a formation can be recovered using pressure depletion. This leaves a large quantity of oil within the formation. Additionally, some formations contain oil which is too viscous to be efficiently recovered from the formation using pressure depletion methods. Because of the need to recover a larger percentage of the oil from a formation, methods have been developed recover oil which could not be recovered using only pressure depletion techniques. These methods are typically referred to as "enhanced oil recovery techniques".
  • aqueous fluid containing surfactant is injected into an oil rich formation to displace oil from the formation and the displaced oil is then recovered.
  • oil-wet formations such as carbonate rock formations
  • the hydrophobic surface of the formation limits imbibition of aqueous fluid into the formation and thus limits the amount of oil that can be displaced by the flooding method.
  • anionic surfactants are not able to desorb organic carboxylates adsorbed to a chalk surface.
  • Cationic surfactants of the type R-N+(CH 3 ) 3 are able to desorb organic carboxylates from the chalk surface in an irreversible way and 70 % of the oil in place can, in certain circumstances, be recovered within 30 days by spontaneous imbibition of the aqueous surfactant solution at 70 0 C. In that case, ion-pairs are formed and dispersed in the oil phase.
  • Use of cationic surfactants may change wettability. However, cationic surfactants may be incompatible with anionic surfactants typically used to decrease interfacial tension to also assist in enhancing oil recovery from subterranean formations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a droplet of hexadecane under pure deionized water on CaCO3 crystal.
  • FIG. 2 shows a droplet of hexadecane under pure deionized water on CaCO3 crystal pretreated with PEG1000 phosphate ester to show the adsorption of
  • PEG1000 phosphate ester onto the CaCO3 crystal increases the contact angle of hexadecane on CaCO3 under water.
  • FIG. 3 is FIG. 1 labeled to show the contact angle.
  • FIG. 4 is FIG. 2 labeled to show the contact angle.
  • the present invention is directed to an aqueous fluid useful for the recovery of crude oil from a subterranean formation, comprising brine and one or more organophosphorus materials selected from:
  • each R 1 is and each R 2 is independently absent or O, provided that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is O,
  • each R 3 is independently alkyleneoxy, poly(alkyleneoxy), which may optionally, be substituted on one or more carbon atom of such alkyleneoxy, or poly(alkyleneoxy) group by hydroxyl, alkyl , hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, or aryloxy,
  • R 5 is and each R 4 is independently absent or alkyleneoxy, poly(alkyleneoxy), which may optionally, be substituted on one or more carbon atom of such alkyleneoxy, or poly(alkyleneoxy) group by hydroxyl, alkyl , hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, or aryloxy,
  • R 6 and R 8 are each and each R 7 is independently H, or (Ci-C 3 o)hydrocarbon, which hydrocarbon may optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms by hydroxyl, fluorine, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and/or interrupted at one or more sites by an O, N, or S heteroatom, or -POR 9 R 10 ,
  • R 9 and R 10 are each independently hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, or (Cr C 3 o)hydrocarbon, which hydrocarbon may optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms by hydroxyl, fluorine, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and/or interrupted at one or more sites by an O, N, or S heteroatom, and m is an integer of from 1 to 5,
  • the present invention is directed a method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation, comprising introducing to the formation an aqueous medium comprising water or brine and the organophosphorus material described above.
  • the phosphate esters are relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture in comparison to many polymers used for surface treatments.
  • the phosphate esters are considered non-toxic and biodegradable.
  • Producing oil and gas wells have long been treated to stimulate production thereof utilizing a method termed "acidizing" in which an emulsion of an aqueous mineral acid either alone or in combination with various surfactants, corrosion inhibiting agents, and hydrocarbon oils is added to a producer well.
  • acidizing in which an emulsion of an aqueous mineral acid either alone or in combination with various surfactants, corrosion inhibiting agents, and hydrocarbon oils is added to a producer well.
  • Such treatments tend to remove deposits from the area of the subterranean oil or gas formation immediately adjacent to the production well bore, thus increasing the permeability of the formation and allowing residual oil or gas to be recovered through the well bore.
  • Another object of such "acidizing" treatment of oil or gas producer wells is the removal of water from the interstices of the formation by the use of a composition which materially lowers the interfacial forces between the water and the oil or gas.
  • Various surface-active agents have been recommended for this use.
  • the global average recovery factor for conventional oil fields is about 35% and it could be raised up to 50% through enhanced oil recovery.
  • the present invention provides phosphate esters which change the wettability of oil-wet carbonate in a subterranean formation to become water wet. Because the formation becomes water wet the present invention may be used together with chemical compounds used to improve displacement efficiency and macroscopic sweep efficiency.
  • the phosphate esters advantageously are compatible with anionic surfactants typically used to decrease interfacial tension to also assist in enhancing oil recovery from subterranean formations.
  • hydrophobic surface means a surface that exhibits a tendency to repel water and to thus resist being wetted by water, as evidenced by a water contact angle of greater than or equal to 70°, more typically greater than or equal to 90°, and/or a surface free energy of less than or equal to about 40 dynes/cm.
  • hydrophilic surface means a surface that exhibits an affinity for water and to thus be wettable by water, as evidenced by a water contact angle of less than 70°, more typically less than 60° and/or a surface energy of greater than about 40 dynes/cm, more typically greater than or equal to about 50 dynes/cm.
  • hydrophilizing means rendering such surface more hydrophilic and thus less hydrophobic, as indicated by a decreased water contact angle.
  • One indication of increased hydrophilicity of a treated hydrophobic surface is a decreased water contact angle with a treated surface compared to the water contact angle with an untreated surface.
  • water contact angle means the contact angle exhibited by a droplet of water on the surface as measured by a conventional image analysis method, that is, by disposing a droplet of water on the surface, typically a substantially flat surface, at 25 0 C, photographing the droplet, and measuring the contact angle shown in the photographic image.
  • alkyl means a monovalent saturated straight chain or branched hydrocarbon radical, typically a monovalent saturated (Cr C 3 o)hydrocarbon radical, such as for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, or n-hexyl, which may optionally be substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the radical.
  • a monovalent saturated (Cr C 3 o)hydrocarbon radical such as for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, or n-hexyl, which may optionally be substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the radical.
  • an alkyl radical is substituted on one or more carbon atoms of the radical with alkoxy, amino, halo, carboxy, or phosphono, such as, for example, hydroxy methyl hydroxyethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, isopropoxyethyl, aminomethyl, chloromethyl or trichloromethyl, carboxyethyl, or phosphonomethyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted on one of its carbon atoms with a hydroxyl group, such as
  • alkoxyl means an oxy radical that is substituted with an alkyl group, such as for example, methoxyl, ethoxyl, propoxyl, isopropoxyl, or butoxyl, which may optionally be further substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the radical.
  • cylcoalkyl means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, typically a (C 3 -C 8 ) saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical, such as, for example, cyclohexyl or cyclooctyl, which may optionally be substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the radical.
  • alkenyl means an unsaturated straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical that contains one or more carbon- carbon double bonds, such as, for example, ethenyl, 1 -propenyl, or 2-propenyl, which may optionally be substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the radical.
  • aryl means a monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three conjugated double bonds, such as for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, or biphenyl, which may optionally be substituted one or more of carbons of the ring.
  • an aryl radical is substituted on one or more carbon atoms of the radical with hydroxyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, or amino, such as, for example, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, chlorophenyl, thchloromethylphenyl, or aminophenyl.
  • aryloxy means an oxy radical that is substituted with an aryl group, such as for example, phenyloxy, methylphenyl oxy, isopropylmethylphenyloxy.
  • the indication that a radical may be "optionally substituted” or “optionally further substituted” means, in general, that is unless further limited, either explicitly or by the context of such reference, that such radical may be substituted with one or more inorganic or organic substituent groups, such as, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, a hetero atom, or heterocyclyl, or with one or more functional groups that are capable of coordinating to metal ions, such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, imino, amido, phosphonic acid, sulphonic acid, or arsenate, or inorganic and organic esters thereof, such as, for example, sulphate or
  • the organophosphorous materials described by US provisional patent application nos. 60/842,265, filed September 5, 2006 and 60/812,819, filed June 12, 2006 (incorporated by reference) are injected in an aqueous mixture into the formation to improve water wetability, particularly when the formations include limestone (calcium carbonate).
  • the present invention is directed to an aqueous fluid useful for the recovery of crude oil from a subterranean formation, comprising brine and one or more organophosphorus materials selected from:
  • each R 1 is and each R 2 is independently absent or O, provided that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is O,
  • each R 3 is independently alkyleneoxy, poly(alkyleneoxy), which may optionally, be substituted on one or more carbon atom of such alkyleneoxy, or poly(alkyleneoxy) group by hydroxyl, alkyl , hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, or aryloxy,
  • R 5 is and each R 4 is independently absent or alkyleneoxy, poly(alkyleneoxy), which may optionally, be substituted on one or more carbon atom of such alkyleneoxy, or poly(alkyleneoxy) group by hydroxyl, alkyl , hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, or aryloxy,
  • R 6 and R 8 are each and each R 7 is independently H, or (CrC 3 o)hydrocarbon, which hydrocarbon may optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms by hydroxyl, fluorine, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and/or interrupted at one or more sites by an O, N, or S heteroatom, or -POR 9 R 10 ,
  • R 9 and R 10 are each independently hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, or (d- C 3 o)hydrocarbon, which hydrocarbon may optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms by hydroxyl, fluorine, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and/or interrupted at one or more sites by an O, N, or S heteroatom, and
  • n 1 to 5
  • R 6 and R 8 are each and each R 7 is independently H, (Ci- C 30 )alkyl, (Ci-C 30 )alkenyl, or (C 7 -C 30 )alkaryl.
  • each R 1 and each R 2 is O, and the organophosphorus compound is selected from:
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and m are each as described above,
  • each R 1 is absent, each R 2 is O, and the organophosphorus compound is selected from:
  • each R 1 is O
  • each R 2 is absent
  • the organophosphorus compound is selected from:
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and m are each as described above,
  • each R 3 is a divalent radical according to structure (V), (Vl), (VII) 1 Or (VIII): IM)
  • each R 12 and each R 13 is independently H, hydroxyl, alkyl , hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, aryloxy, or two R 12 groups that are attached to the adjacent carbon atoms may be fused to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a (C ⁇ -Csjhydrocarbon ring,
  • R i2 o is H, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, or aryloxy
  • R 22 is hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl, provided that R 20 and R 22 are not each hydroxyl,
  • R 23 and R 21 are each independently methylene or poly(methylene),
  • p, p', p", q, and x are each independently integers of from 2 to 5,
  • each r, s, r', r", and y is independently a number of from 0 to 25, provided that at least one of r and s is not 0,
  • u is an integer of from 2 to 10
  • v and w are each numbers of from 1 to 25, and
  • t, t', and t" are each numbers of from 1 to 25,
  • the product of the quantity (r+s) multiplied times t is less than or equal to about 100
  • the product of the quantity (v+r 1 ) multiplied times t' is less than or equal to about 100
  • the product of the quantity (w+r") multiplied time t" is less than or equal to about 100.
  • each R 4 and each R 5 is independently absent or a divalent radical according to structure (V), (Vl), or (VII), wherein R 12 , R 13 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , p, p 1 , p", q, r, r 1 , r", s, t, t", t, u, v, w, x, and y are as described above.
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (V), (Vl), or (VII) wherein R 12 , R 13 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , p, p ⁇ p", q, r, r ⁇ r", s, t, t", t, u, v, w, x, and y are as described above, and R 4 and R 5 are each independently absent or R 3 .
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (V), wherein p is 2, 3, or 4, r is an integer from 1 to 25, s is 0, t is an integer of from 1 to 2, and R 4 and R 5 are each independently absent or R 3 .
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (Vl), wherein the R 12 groups are fused to form, including the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a (C 6 -C 8 ) hydrocarbon ring, each R 13 is H, p 1 is 2 or 3, u is 2, v is an integer of from 1 to 3, r' is an integer from 1 to 25, t' is an integer of from 1 to 25, the product of the quantity (v+r 1 ) multiplied times t" is les than or equal to about 100, more typically less than or equal to about 50, and R 4 and R 5 are each independently absent or R 3 .
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (VII), wherein R 20 is hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl, R 22 is H, alkyl, hydroxyl, or hydroxyalkyl, provided that R 20 and R 22 are not each hydroxyl, R 21 and R 23 are each independently methylene, di(methylene), or tri(methylene), w is 1 or 2, p" is 2 or 3, r" is an integer of from 1 to 25, t" is an integer of from 1 to 25, the product of the quantity (w+r") multiplied times t" is less than or equal to about 100, more typically less than or equal to about 50, and R 4 and R 5 are each independently absent or R 3 .
  • R 6 and R 8 are each and each R 7 is independently H or (Ci-C 3 o)hydrocarbon, which hydrocarbon may optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms by hydroxyl, fluorine, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and/or interrupted at one or more sites by an O, N, or S heteroatom, or -POR 9 R 10 , more typically, R 6 , R 8 , and each R 7 are each H ,
  • R 4 and R 5 are each absent
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (V), (Vl), or (VII), and
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
  • R 6 , R 8 , and each R 7 are each H
  • R 4 and R 5 are each absent
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (V), each p is independently 2, 3,or 4, more typically 2 or 3,
  • each r is independently a number of from 1 to about 100, more typically from 2 to about 50,
  • each t is 1 .
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
  • the organophosphorus material is selected from:
  • p is 2, 3, or 4, more typically 2 or 3,
  • r is a number of from 4 to about 50
  • R 6 , R 8 , and each R 7 are each H
  • R 4 and R 5 are each absent, each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (Vl),
  • the R 12 groups are fused to form, including the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a (C 6 -C 8 )hydrocarbon ring,
  • each R 13 is H
  • p 1 is 2 or 3
  • r' is a number of from 1 to 25,
  • t' is a number of from 1 to 25,
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
  • R 6 , R 8 , and each R 7 are each H ,
  • R 4 and R 5 are each absent
  • each R 3 is independently a divalent radical according to structure (VII),
  • R 20 is hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • R 22 is H, alkyl, hydroxyl, or hydroxyalkyl
  • R 23 and R 21 are each independently methylene, di(methylene), or tri(methylene),
  • w 1 or 2
  • p" is 2 or 3
  • r" is a number of from 1 to 25,
  • t" is a number of from 1 to 25
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 5.
  • the organophosphorus material (b)(l) comprises a condensation reaction product of two or more molecules according to structure (I).
  • the organophosphorus material (b)(l) comprises a condensation reaction product of two or more molecules according to structure (I) in the form of a linear molecule, such as, for example, a linear condensation reaction product according to structure (X), formed by condensation of a molecule according to structure (II) with a molecule according to structure (IV):
  • the organophosphorus material (b)(l) comprises a condensation reaction product of two or more molecules according to structure (I) in the form of a crosslinked network.
  • structure (Xl) A portion of an exemplary crosslinked condensation reaction product network is illustrated by structure (Xl):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and m are each as described above, and
  • each R 3 is independently a residue of an R 3 group of a compound according to structure (I), as described above, wherein the R 3 group is a alkyleneoxy or poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety substituted with hydroxyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, hydroxyalkyleneoxy- or hydroxypoly(alkyleneoxy)- on one or more carbon atoms of the alkyleneoxy or poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety, and R 3 — R4 and R 3' — R 5 each represent a respective linkage formed by condensation of such an R 3 group and a R 3' — R 5 or R 8 — R 5 group of molecules of another molecule of a compound according to structure (I)-
  • the organophosphorus material (b)(l) comprises a condensation reaction product of two or more molecules according to structure (I) and the condensation reaction product forms a covalently crosslinked organophosphorus network.
  • the solubility of the covalently crosslinked organophosphorus network in water is less than that of the organophosphorus compound according to structure (I), more typically, the covalently crosslinked organophosphorus network is substantially insoluble in water.
  • salts refers to salts prepared from bases or acids including inorganic or organic bases and inorganic or organic acids.
  • the organophosporus material (b)(l) is in the form of a salt that comprises an anion derived (for example, by deprotonation of a hydroxyl or a hydroxyalkyl substituent) from of an organophosphorus compound according to structure (I) and one or more positively charged counterions derived from a base.
  • Suitable positively charged counterions include inorganic cations and organic cations, such as for example, sodium cations, potassium cations, calcium cations, magnesium cations, copper cations, zinc cations, ammonium cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, as well as cations derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and substituted amines.
  • the cation is a monovalent cation, such as for example, Na + , or K + .
  • the cation is a polyvalent cation, such as, for example, Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Zn +2 , Mn +2 , Cu +2 , Al +3 , Fe +2 , Fe +3 , Ti +4 , Zr +4 , in which case the organophosporus compound may be in the form of a "salt complex" formed by the organophosphorus compound and the polyvalent cation.
  • the organophosphorus compound-polyvalent cation complex can develop an ionically crosslinked network structure.
  • the solubility of the ionically crosslinked organophosphorus network in water is less than that of the organophosphorus compound according to structure (I), more typically, the ionically crosslinked organophosphorus network is substantially insoluble in water.
  • Suitable organophosphorus compounds can be made by known synthetic methods, such as by reaction of one or more compounds, each having two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, with phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and or phosphoric anhydride, such as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,550,274, 5,554,781 , and 6,136,221.
  • the aqueous fluid comprises, based on 100 parts by weight (“pbw") of the fluid, from about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight (pbw), more typically, from about 0.05 to about 2 or 3 pbw, organophosphorus material, and from about 0.1 to 1 pbw.
  • a hydrocarbon recovery composition including one or more compounds of the present invention alone or with other compounds for enhancing oil recovery may be provided to the hydrocarbon containing formation.
  • a composition may include one or more of the present phosphate esters together with one or, more nonionic additives (e.g., alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic surfactants and/or sugar based esters) and one or more anionic surfactants (e.g. sulfates, sulfonates, ethoxylated sulfates, and/or phosphates).
  • nonionic additives e.g., alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic surfactants and/or sugar based esters
  • anionic surfactants e.g. sulfates, sulfonates, ethoxylated sulfates, and/or phosphates.
  • Alcohol can be used as mutual solvent to reduce water saturation.
  • the interfacial tension between oil and ethanol is much lower than between oil and brine.
  • an aliphatic nonionic additive may be used in a hydrocarbon recovery composition.
  • the term "aliphatic” refers to a straight or branched chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • an aliphatic portion of an aliphatic nonionic additive may have an average carbon number from 10 to 24.
  • an aliphatic portion of an aliphatic nonionic additive may have an average carbon number from 12 to 18.
  • the aliphatic nonionic additive may include a branched aliphatic portion.
  • a branched aliphatic portion of an aliphatic nonionic additive may have an average carbon number from 16 to 17.
  • a branched aliphatic group of an aliphatic nonionic additive may have less than about 0.5 percent aliphatic quaternary carbon atoms.
  • an average number of branches per aliphatic nonionic additive ranges from about 0.1 to about 2.5. In other embodiments, an average number of branches per aliphatic nonionic additive ranges from about 0.7 to about 2.5.
  • Methyl branches may represent between about 20 percent to about 99 percent of the total number of branches present in the branched nonionic additive. In some embodiments, methyl branches may represent greater than about 50 percent of the total number of branches in a branched nonionic additive.
  • the number of ethyl branches in the alcohol may represent, in certain embodiments, less than about 30 percent of the total number of branches. In other embodiments, the number of ethyl branches, if present, may be between about 0.1 percent and about 2 percent of the total number of branches. Branches other than methyl or ethyl, if present, may be less than about 10 percent of the total number of branches. In some embodiments, less than about 0.5 percent of the total number of branches are neither ethyl or methyl groups.
  • an aliphatic nonionic additive may be a long chain aliphatic alcohol.
  • a long chain aliphatic alcohol e.g., a long chain primary alcohol
  • Neodol.RTM. alcohols manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Houston, Tex. may be purchased commercially (e.g., Neodol.RTM. alcohols manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Houston, Tex.).
  • a long chain aliphatic alcohol may be prepared by a variety of generally known methods.
  • a long chain aliphatic alcohol may have an average carbon number from 10 to 24.
  • a long chain aliphatic alcohol may have an average carbon number from 12 to 18.
  • a long chain aliphatic alcohol may have an average carbon number from 16 to 17.
  • a portion of the long chain aliphatic alcohol may be branched.
  • Branched long chain aliphatic alcohols may be prepared by hydroformylation of a branched olefin. Preparations of branched olefins are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,306 to Murray, entitled “Process For Isomerizing Linear Olefins to Isoolefins;" U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,584 to Murray, entitled “Process For Isomerizing Linear Olefins to Isoolefins" and U.S. Pat. No.
  • branches of a branched aliphatic group of a long chain aliphatic alcohol may have less than about 0.5 percent aliphatic quaternary carbon atoms.
  • an average number of branches per long chain aliphatic alcohol ranges from about 0.1 to about 2.5. In other embodiments, an average number of branches per alcohol ranges from about 0.7 to about 2.5.
  • Methyl branches may represent between about 20 percent to about 99 percent of the total number of branches present in the branched long chain aliphatic alcohol. In some embodiments, methyl branches may represent greater than about 50 percent of the total number of branches in a branched long chain aliphatic alcohol. The number of ethyl branches in the alcohol may represent, in certain embodiments, less than about 30 percent of the total number of branches. In other embodiments, the number of ethyl branches, if present, may be between about 0.1 percent and about 2 percent of the total number of branches. Branches other than methyl or ethyl, if present, may be less than about 10 percent of the total number of branches. In some embodiments, less than about 0.5 percent of the total number of branches are neither ethyl nor methyl groups.
  • an aliphatic anionic surfactant may be used in a hydrocarbon recovery composition.
  • an aliphatic portion of an aliphatic anionic surfactant may have an average carbon number from 10 to 24.
  • an aliphatic portion of an aliphatic anionic surfactant may have an average carbon number from 12 to 18.
  • an aliphatic portion of an aliphatic anionic surfactant may have an average carbon number from 16 to 17.
  • the aliphatic anionic surfactant may include a branched aliphatic portion.
  • a branched aliphatic group of an aliphatic anionic surfactant may have less than about 0.5 percent aliphatic quaternary carbon atoms.
  • an average number of branches per aliphatic anionic surfactant ranges from about 0.1 to about 2.5. In other embodiments, an average number of branches per aliphatic anionic surfactant ranges from about 0.7 to about 2.5.
  • Methyl branches may represent between about 20 percent to about 99 percent of the total number of branches present in the branched anionic surfactant. In some embodiments, methyl branches may represent greater than about 50 percent of the total number of branches in a branched anionic surfactant.
  • the number of ethyl branches in the alcohol may represent, in certain embodiments, less than about 30 percent of the total number of branches. In other embodiments, the number of ethyl branches, if present, may be between about 0.1 percent and about 2 percent of the total number of branches. Branches other than methyl or ethyl, if present, may be less than about 10 percent of the total number of branches. In some embodiments, less than about 0.5 percent of the total number of branches are neither ethyl or methyl groups.
  • a solution which contains an effective amount of an aliphatic anionic surfactant selected from the group of compounds having the general formula: RiO(C 3 H 6 O) m (C 2 H 4 O) n YX wherein R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl radical, an alkenyl radical, or an alkyl or alkenyl substituted benzene radical, the non-aromatic portion of the radical containing from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; m has an average value of from 1 to 10; n has an average value of from 1 to 10; Y is a hydrophilic group; and X is a cation, preferably monovalent, for example N, K, NH 4 + .
  • Y is a suitable hydrophilic group or substituted hydrophilic group such as, for example, the sulfate, sulfonate, phosphonate, phosphate or carboxylate radical.
  • Ri is a branched alkyl radical having at least two branching groups and Y is a sulfonate or phosphate group.
  • the aqueous fluid of the present invention may, optionally, further comprise clay stabilization or sand stabilization material.
  • clay stabilization or sand stabilization material include epoxy resins, polyfunctional cationic polymers, such as poly(N-acrylamidomethyltnrnethyl ammonium chloride) or poly(vinylbenzylthmethyl ammonium chloride).
  • aqueous fluid of the present invention include, but are not limited to polymers such as biopolysaccharides, cellulose ethers, acrylamide-derived polymers, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, bactericides, and so forth, and any combination thereof.
  • polymers such as biopolysaccharides, cellulose ethers, acrylamide-derived polymers, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, bactericides, and so forth, and any combination thereof.
  • the aqueous fluid of the present invention is introduced into the crude oil- bearing formation, typically by injecting the fluid into the formation.
  • addition of the organophosphorous material to the aqueous flooding fluid modifies such surfaces to increase the surface energy of such surfaces and render such surfaces more readily wettable by water.
  • the surface modified formation more readily imbibes the aqueous flooding fluid, thus increasing the amount of aqueous fluid imbibed by the formation and increasing the amount of crude oil displaced from the formation by the aqueous fluid.
  • the aqueous fluid may be used in secondary or tertiary oil recovery processes, although the use of such fluids in other applications is also not excluded.
  • the aqueous medium utilized to form the solution including the organophosphorous material of the invention can be soft water, brackish water, or a brine.
  • hydrocarbon solvents may be employed to displace the aqueous solution out into the reservoir.
  • hydrocarbon solvents as the low molecular weight, generally liquid hydrocarbons boiling below the gasoline range, such as the lower alkanes including butane, propane, pentane, hexane and heptane, as well as natural gasoline, petroleum naphtha and kerosene or mixtures of these hydrocarbons, are useful.
  • Both sweet and sour crude oil is useful as a hydrocarbon to displace the aqueous solution out into the subterranean reservoir of oil or gas.
  • injection of a preflush fluid may be utilized prior to injection of the aqueous fluid of the present invention.
  • the preflush may consist of a hydrocarbon fluid, a brine solution, or simply water.
  • injection of the aqueous fluid comprising the present phosphate esters may optionally be followed by an injection of a surfactant, a mobility control fluid or a polymeric flush, which is typically a polymer-thickened aqueous solution, using, for example the polymers disclosed above, into the formation to further enhance oil recovery.
  • a surfactant typically a polymer-thickened aqueous solution
  • a polymeric flush typically a polymer-thickened aqueous solution, using, for example the polymers disclosed above
  • the polymeric solution is utilized to drive or push the now oil bearing surfactant flood out of the reservoir, thereby "sweeping" crude oil out of the reservoir.
  • the polymeric solution has a very high viscosity which helps to prevent what is referred to in the industry as channeling or "fingering", thus improving sweep efficiency.
  • This polymeric flush or mobility control fluid may once again be followed by a water flush which may be brine or saline or softened water, or fresh water.
  • Oil is recovered at a production well spaced apart from the injection well as the drive fluid pushes the mobility buffer slug which sweeps the oil out of the pores in the formation and to the production well. Once the water/oil emulsion reaches the surface, it is put into holding tanks where it is subsequently demulsified, thereby allowing the oil to separate from the water through the natural forces of gravity.
  • a hydrocarbon recovery composition including the phosphate esters of the present invention may be added to a portion of hydrocarbon containing formation that may have an average temperature of less than 80° C.
  • the hydrocarbon composition may be combined with water or brine to produce an injectable fluid.
  • the concentration of the hydrocarbon recovery composition injected through the injection well may be about 0.05% to about 3 wt. %, based on the total weight of injectable fluid.
  • the concentration of the hydrocarbon recovery composition may be about 0.1 % to about 1 wt. % based on the total weight of injectable fluid.
  • a hydrocarbon recovery composition may be added to a portion of a hydrocarbon containing formation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a droplet of hexadecane under pure deionized water on CaCO3 crystal.
  • FIG. 3 is FIG. 1 labeled to show the contact angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows the contact angle was 60°-80°.
  • FIG. 2 shows a droplet of hexadecane under 1 wt.% PEG 1000 phosphate ester at pH of 10 in water on CaCO3 crystal pretreated with PEG1000 phosphate ester.
  • the pretreatment of calcium carbonate crystal was done by immersing the crystal in an aqueous solution of e.g. PEG1000 phosphate ester (e.g. 1 wt%, pH 6-7).
  • a successful adsorption onto the crystal and a respective change of the surface properties is shown by measuring the contact angle of hexadecane under water.
  • FIG. 4 is FIG 2 labeled to show the contact angle.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 shows the adsorption of PEG1000 phosphate ester onto the CaCO 3 crystal increases the contact angle of hexadecane on CaCO 3 under pure deionized water from ⁇ 80° to >130°.

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PCT/US2008/066668 2007-07-20 2008-06-12 Method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation WO2009014821A2 (en)

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MX2009013365A MX2009013365A (es) 2007-07-20 2008-06-12 Metodo para recuperar petroleo crudo de una formacion subterranea.
CN200880025449.6A CN101755027B (zh) 2007-07-20 2008-06-12 从地层中开采原油的方法
NO08770800A NO2173832T3 (en, 2012) 2007-07-20 2008-06-12
CA2694024A CA2694024C (en) 2007-07-20 2008-06-12 Method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation
EP08770800.4A EP2173832B1 (en) 2007-07-20 2008-06-12 Method for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation

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US60/929,979 2007-07-20

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EP2173832B1 (en) 2017-09-13
CN101755027A (zh) 2010-06-23
CA2694024A1 (en) 2009-01-29
RU2010105856A (ru) 2011-08-27
EP2173832A2 (en) 2010-04-14
MX2009013365A (es) 2010-01-25
CA2694024C (en) 2016-05-10
CN101755027B (zh) 2014-11-19
US7608571B2 (en) 2009-10-27
WO2009014821A3 (en) 2009-03-19
NO2173832T3 (en, 2012) 2018-02-10
US20090023618A1 (en) 2009-01-22
RU2434041C1 (ru) 2011-11-20
EP2173832A4 (en) 2011-04-20

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