WO2009012743A1 - Véhicule équipé d'un frein à courants de foucault pour un système de transport guidé et système de transport, en particulier train à sustentation magnétique, fonctionnant avec ledit véhicule - Google Patents

Véhicule équipé d'un frein à courants de foucault pour un système de transport guidé et système de transport, en particulier train à sustentation magnétique, fonctionnant avec ledit véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009012743A1
WO2009012743A1 PCT/DE2008/001061 DE2008001061W WO2009012743A1 WO 2009012743 A1 WO2009012743 A1 WO 2009012743A1 DE 2008001061 W DE2008001061 W DE 2008001061W WO 2009012743 A1 WO2009012743 A1 WO 2009012743A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
magnet
eddy current
vehicle
vehicle according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/001061
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Luitpold Miller
Friedrich LÖSER
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh
Publication of WO2009012743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009012743A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/10—Combination of electric propulsion and magnetic suspension or levitation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a run with such a vehicle, track-bound transport system, in particular in the form of a magnetic levitation railway.
  • Vehicles of this type are in particular in the case of a maglev z. B. driven by long stator linear motors and have to drive the vehicles certain three-phase AC windings, which are laid along the track in a long stator.
  • the exciter field of the linear motors is supplied by simultaneously acting as an exciter magnet, arranged in the vehicle supporting magnet forming a first magnet arrangement (eg., DE-A-39 17 058 C2).
  • the linear motors can be used except for the drive for braking the vehicles.
  • the vehicles of the type described at the beginning preferably each have a second magnet arrangement on both sides which serves the function "guiding" and has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel and windings associated therewith (eg DE-A-10 2004 056 438). These are operated in such a way that all in each case in a row parallel to the direction of travel or plane magnetic poles have the same polarity or orientation.
  • these magnetic arrangements are controlled by means of control circuits and associated gap sensors so that designated as leading gaps column between the magnetic poles and mounted on both sides of the guideway, ferromagnetic Sosselenen are always maintained at equal values.
  • the vehicles of the type mentioned in the introduction have an on-board power supply by means of linear generators. Typical characteristics are the speed dependence of the power and the reliability due to the conversion of kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy and the high redundancy due to the number of generators (one generator per supporting magnetic pole). At high speeds, the vehicles therefore have a fail-safe, to supply all Onboard consumers sufficient energy supply. In order to ensure a fail-safe and sufficient energy supply even at lower speeds, buffer batteries are used, which are recharged in the upper speed range and in the station area.
  • a so-called "safe” brake which preferably consists of an eddy current brake (DE-A-10 2004 013 994).
  • eddy current brake is formed from a third magnet arrangement, the z. B. between the magnet assemblies for the function "guiding" are arranged.
  • This third magnet arrangement interacts with an electrically conductive reaction rail, preferably with the side guide rail and has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel, which are operated with different polarities, preferably alternately with north and south poles, in contrast to those of the guide magnet arrangement.
  • Corresponding eddy current brakes can also be provided in other track-bound traffic systems.
  • the vehicles could be equipped with eddy current brakes which interact with the usual rails; thus here at the same time as driving and reaction rails serve.
  • the invention is based on the principle of at least weakening, preferably completely compensating, the magnetic and braking force caused by permanent magnets during normal operation of the vehicle by means of a counter-propagating magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic, current-carrying control winding.
  • the braking force of the eddy current brake is normally neutralized.
  • the current through the electrical winding is completely or partially turned off, whereby the braking force of the permanent magnets is fully or partially effective.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a portion of the formed with a known guide and brake assembly of the magnetic levitation vehicle of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows schematically the arrangement of an eddy current brake according to the invention on a magnetic levitation vehicle according to FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the position and design of the eddy current brake according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 and 6 show two partially-cut embodiments of an equipped with a permanent magnet and a control winding, brake magnets according to the invention of the eddy current brake;
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically a device for adjusting a gap between the eddy current brake and a reaction rail.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a cross section through a magnetic levitation vehicle 1, which is movably mounted in a conventional manner on a guideway, the carrier 2 made of steel and / or concrete and mounted on these Fahrwergplatten 3 contains.
  • the drive of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 is effected by means of a long-stator motor, which is mounted below the track plates 3, in the longitudinal direction of which successive stator 4 has.
  • the stator 4 have alternately successive, not shown teeth and grooves, are inserted in the windings, which are fed with three-phase variable amplitude and frequency.
  • the actual excitation field of the long stator motor is generated by at least one support magnet 5, which is fastened with at least one lateral frame bracket 6 on the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 and the in Fig.
  • the support magnet 5 not only provides the field exciter, but also fulfills the function of levitation by a predetermined gap 7 of z. B. in the operation of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1. B. 10 mm between the support magnet 5 and the stator 4 receives upright.
  • the track plates 3 laterally mounted reaction or side guide rails 8, which are also mounted on the frame brackets 6 guide magnets 9 facing each other, which serve in operation, between itself and the reaction rail 8 a gap 7 corresponding gap 7 a upright to obtain.
  • each magnet assembly is preferably connected to a magnetic back box, with which it is attached to the frame brackets 6, which in turn are connected to a rigid, longitudinal and transverse connector having lower or Schwebegestell 16 on which a provided with a passenger compartment car body 17th of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2 For a practical embodiment of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 according to FIG. 1, the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 results approximately.
  • the direction of travel of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 is indicated by the coordinate x of an imaginary coordinate system and its front end by the reference numeral 18.
  • some floating landing part sections 19 of the floating frame 16 (FIG. 1) are shown roughly schematically, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 1 and coupled to the car body 17 of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 via air springs, not shown.
  • the Schwebegestellabitese 19 have longitudinally spaced, connected by longitudinal members 20 supporting elements 21 in the form of frame parts on which in a known manner the guide magnets 9 and in addition the magnet arrangements of eddy current brakes 23 are attached.
  • an eddy current brake 23 is arranged between each of three front and rear guide magnets 9.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the arrangement of two eddy current brakes according to the invention 23, which are arranged on each one of the two sides of the floating frame 16 and the reaction rails 8 face each forming a gap 7c.
  • the eddy current brakes 23 are in an inactive state with respect to the reaction rails 8. If emergency braking is required or an application of the eddy current brakes 23 is desired for other reasons, the eddy current brakes 23 are brought into an active state with respect to the reaction rails 8 in accordance with the invention in the direction of travel x of the magnetic levitation vehicle 1 in a preselected number and sequence alternately magnetic poles of one or the other polarity (north or south poles) the reaction rails 8 face. As a result, eddy currents are generated in the solid, consisting of ferromagnetic material reaction rails 8, which decelerate the magnetic levitation vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show schematically an embodiment of the eddy current brake according to the invention 23.
  • a housing or frame part 24 which is open to the reaction rail 8, extending in the direction of travel x of the vehicle 1, not shown here and fixed with this connected is.
  • the frame part 24 at least one brake magnet 25 is mounted.
  • a plurality of such brake magnets 25 is installed in the frame part 24, wherein the brake magnets 25 are arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel x and the reaction bar 8 facing pole faces having in the direction of travel x alternately opposite polarities.
  • a brake magnet 25 includes a z. B. soft iron core 26 with two lateral, rod-shaped legs 26a and 26b, the od at one end by a preferably of samarium cobalt. The like.
  • Existing permanent magnet 27 are interconnected.
  • the permanent magnet 27 is aligned so that the free end of the one leg 26 a z. B. from a pole face 26c in the form of a magnetic north pole N and the free end of the other leg 26b of a pole face in the form of a magnetic south pole S, the polarities can of course be reversed.
  • the pole faces 26c are analogous to FIG. 3 of the reaction rail 8 with the formation of the gap 7c opposite and are preferably in a common, parallel to the reaction rail 8 level.
  • the eddy current brake 23 further comprises means for activating and deactivating the Brake magnets 25 on.
  • These means include, in particular, electromagnetic control windings which are suitable for attenuating or compensating for the magnetic or braking force generated by the permanent magnets 27 in an excited current-carrying state or in the upper speed range in which the linear generators generate sufficient energy Reversal of the direction of flow in the control windings to strengthen the magnetic or braking force, alternatively in the de-energized, ie de-energized state, the magnetic field of the permanent magnets not to weaken and thereby the magnetic or braking force generated by the permanent magnets to be fully effective, so that no remarkable energy requirement arises from the electrical system.
  • the eddy current brake 23 is essentially ineffective during normal driving.
  • control windings 28a, 28b energized at high speeds by reversing the direction of the current flowing through them, whereby an increased effect of the brake magnet is achieved and at lower speeds to minimize the energy consumption Bordenergyb completely or partially de-energized , whereby the magnetic and thus also the braking force of the permanent magnet (brake magnet 25) becomes fully or partially effective.
  • An advantage of the described brake solenoids 25 is that they become fully effective in an emergency associated with a total loss of electrical energy without requiring any activities, thereby causing a "safe" deceleration of the vehicle 1.
  • Another advantage is that it is possible to supply the control windings 28a, 28b with the aid of conventional control units dosed with power of variable polarity.
  • the field of permanent magnets 27 amplified as needed, partially weakened or rendered completely ineffective, so that the braking force as needed fully or partially made effective or ineffective and as long as the vehicle electrical system of the vehicle 1 have enough energy, the vehicle 1 targeted more or less quickly braked, for example, at the next following, along the guideway 2 furnished Stop the breakpoint.
  • control windings 28a, 28b z. B. facilities serve, the analog also for controlling or regulating the carrying and guiding magnets 5 and 9 (Fig. 1) are used and z. B. are constructed as 2-quadrant or 4-quadrant power controller.
  • control windings 28a, 28b are preferably made of copper.
  • the brake magnets 25 can be provided in any manner with permanent magnets and associated control windings. It would be possible z. B., as indicated in Fig. 6, to use an overall U-shaped soft iron core having two provided with control windings 29 a, 29 b legs 30 a, 30 b, the reaction bar 8 facing pole faces of them attached to or ein conspiracy- them Permanent magnets 31a, 31b are formed.
  • the legs 30a, 30b are preferably combined by a soft iron yoke 32 analogous to FIG. 5 to form a U-shaped construction.
  • the brake magnets 25 may further be appropriate to hold the brake magnets 25 by means of springs 33 in a relation to the reaction rail 8 slightly retracted position in which the reaction rail 8 facing pole faces 26c form a larger gap 7c, as in the case of braking is desired.
  • This can be advantageous in order to reduce the normal forces exerted by the brake magnets 25 on the reaction rail 8.
  • the brake magnets 25 could then be used against the spring force to contact the reaction rail 8, whereby the normal forces lose their effect to protect the reaction rail 8 and its anchors against excessive mechanical loads.
  • the pole faces of the brake magnets 25 facing the reaction rail 8 with a coating or sliding plate 34 made of a good sliding, low-wear material (FIGS. 4 to 6). Suitable materials for this purpose are, for. As those that are also used for the sliding surface sliding surface / skid of the maglev train (eg DE-A-103 14 068, DE-A-10 2004 028 948).
  • the brake magnets 25 are preferably mounted on a flexible band 35, in particular a steel band, which could form the bottom of the frame part 24 in FIG. 4 for the purpose of constraining constraints when cornering and driving through hills or valleys.
  • FIG. 7 A particularly advantageous embodiment of a brake magnet according to the invention is shown in Fig. 7.
  • a device 36 for actively adjusting the gap 7c between the brake magnet 25 and the reaction rail 8 is provided.
  • This device 36 contains on the one hand the z. B. mechanical (storage) spring 33 corresponding to FIG. 4, the ends of which are connected to the vehicle 1 or rigidly connected to this frame part 24 and an associated brake magnet 25.
  • the device 36 includes an air spring 39 in the form of a pneumatic cylinder / piston assembly whose piston rod z. B. with a brake magnet 25 fixed to the holder 37 and its cylinder z. B.
  • the arrangement may be such that the venting of the air spring 39 and thus caused by displacement of the brake magnet 25 activation of the eddy current brake 23 takes place automatically at the collapse of the on-board energy, d. H. the braking process is initiated safely.
  • the energy to be expended for inactivating the brake magnets is correspondingly smaller.
  • the exemplary embodiments described thus have in common that no safety-related requirements for the supply of the vehicle 1 with on-board energy, as a failure of the on-board energy always leads to the "safe" side, ie the maximum braking delay.
  • the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the number and design of the brake and permanent magnets, which are provided in each case per eddy current brake 23 and per brake magnet 25, and for the number of existing per vehicle 1 eddy current brakes 23. Further, other than the described activating agent, eg , B. simple switches are provided, by means of which the current through the control windings can only be switched on and off. Further, it is possible, the brake magnets 25 by a z. B. in the z direction instead of in the y direction (Fig. 4 and 7) occurring movement in the range of action of the reaction rail 8 to move. In addition, in principle, each eddy current brake 23 only needs to have a respective brake magnet 25.
  • the eddy current brakes 23 could be assigned to other reaction rails 8 than those which are also used for the guidance function, wherein these other reaction rails could also have action surfaces lying parallel to xy planes. The eddy current brakes 23 would in this case be mounted in a correspondingly rotated position.
  • the device shown in Fig. 7 could be replaced by numerous other convenient means.
  • the invention also encompasses a track-bound traffic system equipped with the described vehicle 1, which consists of a combination of at least one eddy current brake 23 mounted on the vehicle 1 and at least one reaction rail 8 attached to the travel path 2 such that the eddy current brake 23 in an inactive state a comparatively small or no and in an active state exerts a preselected or maximum braking force.
  • the eddy current brakes z. B. mounted below the vehicles and be brought in the event of braking so in an active state that they act with the now also as reaction rails Colliding rails.

Abstract

L'invention décrit un véhicule équipé d'un frein à courants de Foucault (23) pour un système de transport guidé. Selon l'invention, le frein à courants de Foucault (23) contient un aimant de freinage (25) qui comporte au moins un aimant permanent développant la force de freinage, et un enroulement de commande, coordonné audit aimant permanent de telle sorte que la force de freinage de l'aimant de freinage est au moins partiellement affaiblie lorsque l'enroulement de commande est à l'état excité et devient au moins partiellement active lorsque l'enroulement de commande est à l'état désexcité.
PCT/DE2008/001061 2007-07-24 2008-06-26 Véhicule équipé d'un frein à courants de foucault pour un système de transport guidé et système de transport, en particulier train à sustentation magnétique, fonctionnant avec ledit véhicule WO2009012743A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007034939A DE102007034939A1 (de) 2007-07-24 2007-07-24 Fahrzeug mit einer Wirbelstrombremse für ein spurgebundenes Verkehrssystem und damit betriebenes Verkehrssystem, insbesondere Magnetschwebebahn
DE102007034939.6 2007-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009012743A1 true WO2009012743A1 (fr) 2009-01-29

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PCT/DE2008/001061 WO2009012743A1 (fr) 2007-07-24 2008-06-26 Véhicule équipé d'un frein à courants de foucault pour un système de transport guidé et système de transport, en particulier train à sustentation magnétique, fonctionnant avec ledit véhicule

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007034939A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009012743A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101814821A (zh) * 2010-04-23 2010-08-25 浙江大学 一种混合型励磁结构
CN103552473A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 西南交通大学 一种含超导开关的直线Halbach永磁体排列的超导涡流制动装置
CN114834255A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-02 西南交通大学 一种涡流制动装置及其制动方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008026228A1 (de) 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Magnetschwebefahrzeug mit einer Mehrzahl von Führ- und Bremsmagneten
CN105305776A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2016-02-03 浙江大学 磁悬浮列车用混合型制动励磁结构

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1210744A (en) * 1967-10-06 1970-10-28 Max Baermann Controllable magnet system
US3601641A (en) * 1969-01-24 1971-08-24 Max Baermann Eddy current and-or induction brake or clutch
DE4438609C1 (de) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-15 Knorr Bremse Systeme Elektro- oder permanentmagnetische Schienenbremse
DE10009331A1 (de) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-13 Knorr Bremse Systeme Magnetische Bremse mit Aktuatoren zur Einstellung des Abstandes von der Schienenoberkante
EP1193724A2 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-04-03 Isuzu Motors Limited Aimant constitué d'un électro-aimant et d'un aimant permanent et ralentisseur à courants de foucault
DE10314068A1 (de) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-14 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Fahrwegträger und damit hergestellte Magnetschwebebahn
WO2005090113A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Voie pour train a sustentation magnetique a frein a courants de foucault

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004056438A1 (de) 2004-03-15 2005-10-06 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Führmagnetsystem und damit ausgerüstetes Magnetschwebefahrzeug
DE102004028948A1 (de) 2004-06-14 2005-12-29 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Fahrwegträger und damit hergestellte Magnetschwebebahn

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1210744A (en) * 1967-10-06 1970-10-28 Max Baermann Controllable magnet system
US3601641A (en) * 1969-01-24 1971-08-24 Max Baermann Eddy current and-or induction brake or clutch
DE4438609C1 (de) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-15 Knorr Bremse Systeme Elektro- oder permanentmagnetische Schienenbremse
DE10009331A1 (de) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-13 Knorr Bremse Systeme Magnetische Bremse mit Aktuatoren zur Einstellung des Abstandes von der Schienenoberkante
EP1193724A2 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-04-03 Isuzu Motors Limited Aimant constitué d'un électro-aimant et d'un aimant permanent et ralentisseur à courants de foucault
DE10314068A1 (de) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-14 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Fahrwegträger und damit hergestellte Magnetschwebebahn
WO2005090113A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh Voie pour train a sustentation magnetique a frein a courants de foucault

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101814821A (zh) * 2010-04-23 2010-08-25 浙江大学 一种混合型励磁结构
CN103552473A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-05 西南交通大学 一种含超导开关的直线Halbach永磁体排列的超导涡流制动装置
CN103552473B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2015-08-19 西南交通大学 一种含超导开关的直线Halbach永磁体排列的超导涡流制动装置
CN114834255A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-02 西南交通大学 一种涡流制动装置及其制动方法
CN114834255B (zh) * 2022-04-14 2023-07-14 西南交通大学 一种涡流制动装置及其制动方法

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