Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Definitions

• This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Application Serial Number 60/937,788 filed on June 29, 2007.
• This invention concerns a synergistic herbicidal composition containing (a) a substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivative and (b) a glyphosate derivative. More particularly, the invention concerns a synergistic herbicidal composition containing (a) a 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxy propionic acid (dichlorprop) derivative and (b) a glyphosate salt.
• herbicidal active ingredients have been shown to be more effective in combination than when applied individually and this is referred to as "synergism.”
• “synergism' [is] an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response of each factor applied separately.”
• the present invention is based on the discovery that substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivatives and glyphosate derivatives, already known individually for their herbicidal efficacy, display a synergistic effect when applied in combination.
• the herbicidal compounds forming the synergistic composition of this invention are independently known in the art for their effects on plant growth.
• 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid is a selective systemic herbicide used to control annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in various crops as well as in non-crop land, including areas adjacent to water. It is commercially available, for example, as an ester such as EsteronTM herbicide from Dow AgroSciences and as a salt such as DMA-4TM herbicide from Dow AgroSciences.
• Dichlorprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy propionic acid is a selective systemic herbicide used to control annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in various crops as well as in non-crop land. It is commercially available, for example, as a salt such as DicopurTM DP herbicide or Duplosan TM DP herbicide from Nufarm.
• Glyphosate N-(phophonomethyl)glycine
• the present invention concerns a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising an herbicidally effective amount of (a) a substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivative of the formula
• X represents Cl or CH 3
• -?- R independently represents H or CH 3 ;
• n is an integer from 1-3;
• compositions may also contain an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or carrier.
• the present invention also concerns a method of controlling the growth of undesirable vegetation, particularly in crops that are tolerant, either naturally or through genetic modification, to the active herbicides of the synergistic mixture, and the use of this synergistic composition.
• the species spectrums of the compounds of the synergistic mixture i.e., the weed species which the respective compounds control, are broad and highly complimentary. While glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide, resistance to glyphosate by several weed species, for example, horseweed (Conyza canadensis, ERICA), has been well documented.
• the synergistic mixture of 2,4-D or dichlorprop and glyphosate is particularly effective at controlling these glyphosate resistant weeds.
• weeds which the mixture of 2,4-D or dichlorprop and glyphosate synergistically control include ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea; IPOHE), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense; CIRAR), prickly sida (Sida spinosa; SIDSP), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti; ABUTH), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemesifolia; AMBEL), spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis; COMBE), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata; SEBEX), field bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus; POLCO), and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis; AMATA).
• Ipomoea hederacea; IPOHE Canada thistle
• CIRAR prickly sida
• SIDSP prickly sida
• ABUTH Abutilon
• herbicide is used herein to mean an active ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of plants.
• An herbicidally effective or vegetation controlling amount is an amount of active ingredient which causes an adversely modifying effect and includes deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, desiccation, retardation, and the like.
• plants and vegetation include germinating seeds, emerging seedlings and established vegetation.
• Herbicidal activity is exhibited by the compounds of the synergistic mixture when they are applied directly to the plant or to the locus of the plant at any stage of growth or before planting or emergence. The effect observed depends upon the plant species to be controlled, the stage of growth of the plant, the application parameters of dilution and spray drop size, the particle size of solid components, the environmental conditions at the time of use, the specific compound employed, the specific adjuvants and carriers employed, the soil type, and the like, as well as the amount of chemical applied. These and other factors can be adjusted as is known in the art to promote non-selective or selective herbicidal action. Generally, it is preferred to apply the composition of the present invention postemergence to relatively immature undesirable vegetation to achieve the maximum control of weeds.
• substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivatives in which R is CH 3 contain asymmetric carbon atoms and are capable of existing as a racemic mixture such as dichlorprop or as an individual enantiomer or an enriched enantiomeric mixture such as dichlorprop-P
• substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid derivatives and glyphosate derivatives is meant the acids themselves and their agriculturally acceptable esters and salts.
• Suitable salts include those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and those derived from ammonia and amines.
• Preferred cations include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and aminium cations of the formula: RiR 2 R 3 NH +
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each, independently represents hydrogen or C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 alkenyl or C 3 -C 12 alkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio or phenyl groups, provided that R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are sterically compatible.
• Preferred amine salts are those derived from ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, isopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, 2-methylthiopropylamine, bisallylamine, 2-butoxyethylamine, morpholine, cyclo- dodecylamine, or benzylamine.
• Amine salts are often preferred because they are water-soluble and lend themselves to the preparation of desirable aqueous based herbicidal compositions.
• Suitable esters include those derived from C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 alkenyl or C 3 -C 12 alkynyl alcohols, such as methanol, ⁇ -propanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, butoxyethanol, methoxypropanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol or cyclohexanol.
• the weight ratio on an acid equivalent basis of the substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid component to glyphosate component at which the herbicidal effect is synergistic lies within the range of between 5: 1 and 1:48.
• the weight ratio of the substituted phenoxy alkanoic acid component to the glyphosate component lies within the range of between 3:1 and 1: 12 with a weight ratio of between 1:1 and 1: 12 being especially preferred.
• the rate at which the synergistic composition is applied will depend upon the particular type of weed to be controlled, the degree of control required, and the timing and method of application.
• the composition of the invention can be applied at an application rate of between 100 grams of acid equivalents per hectare (g ae/ha) and 2000 g ae/ha based on the total amount of active ingredients in the composition.
• An application rate between 200 g ae/ha and 1000 g ae/ha is preferred.
• the 2,4-D component is applied at a rate between 35 g ae/ha and 560 g ae/ha
• the dichlorprop component is applied at a rate between 35 g ae/ha and 28O g ae/ha
• the glyphosate component is applied at a rate between 100 g ae/ha and 750 g ae/ha.
• the components of the synergistic mixture of the present invention can be applied either separately or as part of a multipart herbicidal system.
• the synergistic mixture of the present invention can be applied in conjunction with one or more other herbicides to control a wider variety of undesirable vegetation.
• the composition can be formulated with the other herbicide or herbicides, tank mixed with the other herbicide or herbicides or applied sequentially with the other herbicide or herbicides.
• Some of the herbicides that can be employed in conjunction with the synergistic composition of the present invention include: amide herbicides such as allidochlor, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram, bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, chlorthiamid, cyprazole, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, naptalam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid and tebutam; anilide herbicides such as chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican, etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenacet, flufenican, mefenacet,
• the synergistic composition of the present invention is particularly useful when used on glyphosate-tolerant, glufosinate-tolerant, 2,4-D-tolerant, dicamba- tolerant or imiazolinone-tolerant crops. It is generally preferred to use the synergistic composition of the present invention in combination with herbicides that are selective for the crop being treated and which complement the spectrum of weeds controlled by these compounds at the application rate employed. It is further generally preferred to apply the synergistic composition of the present invention and other complementary herbicides at the same time, either as a combination formulation or as a tank mix.
• the synergistic composition of the present invention can generally be employed in combination with known herbicide safeners, such as benoxacor, benthiocarb, brassinolide, cloquintocet (mexyl), cyometrinil, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dimepiperate, disulfoton, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, MG 191, MON 4660, naphthalic anhydride (NA), oxabetrinil, R29148 and N-phenyl- sulfonylbenzoic acid amides, to enhance their selectivity.
• herbicide safeners such as benoxacor, benthiocarb, brassinolide, cloquintocet (mexyl), cyometrinil, daimuron
• the synergistic composition of the present invention in mixtures containing an herbicidally effective amount of the herbicidal components along with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or carrier.
• Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the compositions for selective weed control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with herbicidal components or other composition ingredients.
• Such mixtures can be designed for application directly to weeds or their locus or can be concentrates or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers and adjuvants before application.
• They can be solids, such as, for example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable powders, or liquids, such as, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
• Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful in preparing the herbicidal mixtures of the invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
• Liquid carriers that can be employed include water, toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-N-dimethylalkylamides, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like. Water is generally the carrier of choice for the dilution of concentrates.
• Suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like.
• compositions of the present invention It is usually desirable to incorporate one or more surface-active agents into the compositions of the present invention.
• Such surface-active agents are advantageously employed in both solid and liquid compositions, especially those designed to be diluted with carrier before application.
• the surface-active agents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic in character and can be employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents, or for other purposes.
• Typical surface-active agents include salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanol- ammonium lauryl sulfate; alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate; alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol-Ci8 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-Ci6 ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; alkylnaphthalene- sulfonate salts, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethyl- ammonium chloride; polyethylene
• compositions may also contain other compatible components, for example, other herbicides, plant growth regulants, fungicides, insecticides, and the like and can be formulated with liquid fertilizers or solid, particulate fertilizer carriers such as ammonium nitrate, urea and the like.
• concentration of the active ingredients in the synergistic composition of the present invention is generally from 0.001 to 98 percent by weight.
• compositions designed to be employed as concentrates the active ingredients are generally present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably 10 to 90 weight percent.
• Such compositions are typically diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before application.
• the diluted compositions usually applied to weeds or the locus of weeds generally contain 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient and preferably contain 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent.
• compositions can be applied to weeds or their locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.
• 2,4-D (dimethylamine salt), dichlorprop (potassium salt) and Glyphomax XRT® herbicide (isopropylamine salt) alone and in combinations were applied to the foliage of rapidly growing plant material utilizing a track sprayer calibrated to deliver an application volume of 187 L/ha.
• Treated plant material was maintained in a greenhouse that provided a 16-hr photoperiod, supplemented with metal halide-generated light, set to provide a minimum of 500 ⁇ molm ' V 1 .
• the greenhouse was maintained at a temperature of 26 to 28 0 C and a relative humidity of 50 to 70%. Assessment of herbicidal activity was performed visually 14 to 21 days after application.
• X is % of growth reduction of a weed at a given concentration of a herbicide (or herbicide formulation) and Y is the % growth reduction of the same species and size weed at a given concentration of an independent herbicide (or herbicide formulation).
• Tables I, II, III and IV contain the data for expected and actual herbicidal growth reduction caused by relevant individual herbicides and combinations of these herbicides on agronomically important weeds. TABLE I: Herbicidal effects of Glyphomax XRT ® , 2,4-D and combinations of the two herbicides on select broadleaf weeds.
• Table III Herbicidal effects of Glyphomax XRT , dichlorprop and combinations of the two herbicides on glyphosate-susceptible and glyphosate-resistant Conyza canadensis (ERICA).
• ⁇ Expected injury values were calculated using Colby's equation.
• a field study was conducted at Church Hill, MD where glyphosate- resistant horseweed (ERICA, Conyza canadensis) had been observed for 2-3 years prior to the start of this study.
• the study design was a split-plot with 4 replications per treatment and each plot was 3.048 M wide and 9.144 M long.
• the environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 22 0 C; wind speed, 6 kph; wind direction, south; releative humidity, 85%; cloud cover, 80%; target foliage moisture, none; soil moisture, moist; soil temperature at 5 cm depth, 21 0 C.
• the treatments were applied using a backpack CO 2 sprayer, with six XR8003 flat fan nozzles spaced 46 cm apart (boom length: 2.76 M) and held 40 cm above the plant canopy.
• the sprayer was operated at 103 kPa and 4,8 kilometers per hour to deliver 187 L of water per hectare.
• the glyphosate-resistant horseweed were 30 - 38 cm tall and there were betweenlO and 20 plants per square meter (m ).
• the percent visual control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed was rated over the entire plot (27.87 m 2 ) 29 days after application.. In each plot between 278 and 557 glyphosate-resistant horseweed plants were rated, collectively, for percent visual control. The results are tabulated in Table V.

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