WO2009002290A2

WO2009002290A2 - Biological fertiliser, method and a device for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2009002290A2
Application number: PCT/UA2008/000032
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander Petrovich Chernetskyi; Oksana Ivanovna Chernetskaya; Boris Borisovich Bulgakov; Aleksei Borisovich Bulgakov; Georgyi Alekseevich Gurvich
Original assignee: Chernetskyi Alexander Petrovic; Oksana Ivanovna Chernetskaya; Boris Borisovich Bulgakov; Aleksei Borisovich Bulgakov
Priority date: 2007-06-16
Filing date: 2008-06-12
Publication date: 2008-12-31
Also published as: UA87342C2

Abstract

The object of the present invention is a liquid biologic fertilizer containing biohumus with solid particles of 3-10 micrometers and useful biohumus bioflora in an amount of 15.56-15.512 colonies in 1 ml. The fertilizer has the following composition (in mass. %) : nitrogen - 0.0084-3.0; phosphorus - 0.0053-3.0; potassium - 0.036-3.0; calcium - 0.0047-1.0; magnesium - 0.0037-0.37; iron - 0.00025-0.025; manganese - 0.000011-0.001; copper - 0.000045-0.0045; water soluble humics - 0.00016-0.6; water - the rest. A method to obtain the fertilizer comprises the dilution of biohumus particles with water by means of a hydrodynamic cavitation disperser and microbiological fermentation by biohumus bacterial flora with its continuous enrichment with oxygen. The installation to perform the method comprises an accumulative container connected with a screw extruder and a bioreactor, linked with the flow aerator. The outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected with the external recirculating outline, comprising a decentralised pump and hydrodynamic cavitation mixing device or rotor pulsing apparatus. The bioreactor is connected to a separating device by a pipe having a flow aerator, one or two interconnected product cleaning containers are connected to the upper part of the bioreactor.

Description

BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING

AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS MANUFACTURE (OPTIONS)

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agriculture, and is intended for the manufacture of liquid environmentally friendly complex fertilizers based on vermicompost. It will be most widely used for foliar feeding of plants, seed treatment, soaking of seedlings of trees and root application in the soil by spraying.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of chemical fertilizers and various pesticides, which has become widespread in modern agriculture, leads to soil pollution and a slowdown in the process of natural regeneration of their fertility. In this regard, the production and use of environmentally friendly fertilizers based on natural materials, which not only do not harm the soil, but also nourish the plants and provide them with biologically active substances, which help to resist diseases and the negative impact of anthropogenic load, is of particular relevance.

In this aspect, biohumus has become widespread as a highly effective fertilizer. It is obtained by processing an industrial population of red California worms of organic waste of various origins: pus of animals, plant, household, food waste, etc. Biohumus fertilizer is rich in humic substances, macro- and microelements, amino acids, enzymes, plant hormones, as well as antibiotics and lively agronomically useful bioflora. The presence of a significant content of calcium humates in vermicompost contributes to the formation of a water-resistant fine-grained soil structure, which contributes to the conservation of soil moisture in the root zone. The high content of bio-flora in biohumus, which produces biologically active substances, increases the resistance of plants to diseases and pests. Biohumus significantly affects the acidity of the soil and tends to change it towards the optimum. The unique properties of this product formed the basis for the development of a variety of solid and liquid forms of fertilizers in which biohumus is the active substance. To date, numerous methods and equipment have been developed for the manufacture of complex liquid fertilizers based on biohumus, each of which has characteristics specific to its type. The liquid form of fertilizer is a dispersed system with a liquid dispersion medium and a solid dispersed phase (or a suspension). The list of the main characteristics of liquid fertilizers, in addition to agrochemical, includes such an important indicator as the stability of the suspension before applying it to the soil. This indicator determines consumer qualities of the liquid fertilizer from it largely depends on how ^"processing efficiency and reliability of equipment operation, which is used in the treatment (spraying) plants. Given that the processing of plants by spraying is one of the most effective and inexpensive methods, the stability of the suspension is an essential factor for the successful implementation of agricultural work.Suspension conditions that satisfy . oritelnuyu fluidity at the minimum viscosity to meet these conditions in the liquid fertilizer composition is administered various nutrients, for example, in a 1,708,806 to Na... (IPC ^8: C05G1 / 06, published in the Bulletin Na 4 g. 1992.). described mineral fertilizer, which contains a gel as a suspension stabilizer. The gel is a mixture of extracts from peat, potassium metasilicate, phosphoric acid and salts of polyvalent metal cations. The gel component of this fertilizer allows you to keep solid insoluble particles of salts in suspension , but at the same time, its ingredients have little effect on increasing the productivity of crops. In addition, insoluble particles of salts have large dimensions, which, although they form in a gel environment, can get stuck in the nozzles and nozzles of sprayers.

Also known is liquid humic fertilizer, which is a settled suspension of vermicompost and agricultural waste, which includes potassium (RF patent N ° 2263092, IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 02, publ. 2005.10.27). The suspension also contains an extract of humic acids and decomposition products of organic components of the raw material.

It should be noted that almost any sediment suspension that is used as a fertilizer always has a much lower nutrient content than the initial suspension, from which, in fact, this fertilizer is obtained. It is easily atomized, but its biological effectiveness is low. One of the ways to increase the biological value of a fertilizer is its microbiological fermentation. So, in the application of the Russian Federation Ns 20021296660/12 (IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 02, publ. 2004.05.27) describes brown coal (coal-humic) a fertilizer that contains crushed particles of brown coal and an additive - an aqueous bacterial suspension of vermicompost. Enrichment of the fertilizer with microorganisms increases its consumer qualities, in particular, provides for the regulation of plant growth, but at the same time, the fertilizer’s performance properties associated with its use, preservation and transportation are unsatisfactory - the biohumus particles in the aqueous suspension tend to settle, they can become stuck in nozzles and nozzles of sprayers.

In the industry of modern crop production, there are quite a lot of techniques for the manufacture of liquid forms of complex fertilizers, which include biohumus. So, in the patent of Ukraine Na 66173 (IPC ⁸ : C05D11 / 02, published in Bul. Ns 4, 2004) a method for producing biofertilizer with fungicidal and bactericidal properties is described. The method involves the preparation of an aqueous extract of vermicompost obtained by processing red waste in California with organic waste, which includes 50-80% of plants infected with fungi. To obtain fertilizer, vermicompost is placed in a centrifuge and mixed with water, after which the resulting mixture is drained and settled until solid particles settle completely. The settled liquid is a finished product. The disadvantage of this fertilizer is the low content of living beneficial microflora of vermicompost, because during processing in a centrifuge, most of it loses its viability. In addition, the mixture mixed in a centrifuge retains its uniformity over a relatively short period of time, and the settled liquid can exfoliate.

A similar manufacturing technology of liquid humic fertilizer is described in RF patent NQ 2263092 (IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 02, publ. 2005.10.27). Fertilizer is obtained by preparing an aqueous suspension of vermicompost with the addition of the active substance of mineral fertilizers, processing the mixture with alkali, mixing the resulting suspension and settling it. The technological cycle of preparing this fertilizer is long-term - for example, the process of mixing the mixture takes about 10 - 12 hours, and settling the suspension takes 2 - 2.5 days. But the main disadvantage of the technology is that it is not able to provide a product that is resistant to delamination.

An example of the manufacture of liquid fertilizer with a high content of plant growth regulators (active metabolites) can be the method described in Ukrainian patent Ns 47304 (IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 08, published in Bul. N ^Q 6, 2002). According to this method, ground peat is mixed with a culture fluid, a bacterial suspension, and an aqueous extract of vermicompost is added. This technology is complicated by the need to grow a certain type of bacteria in special environment.

There is also known a method of producing bio-fertilizer, which includes the following operations: add the biomass of red California worm to the sifted biohumus and grind the mixture until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is mixed with water and whisked to obtain a suspension (Ukrainian patent Ns 67514, IPC ⁸ : C05D9 / 02, publ. . in Bul. Ns 6, 2004). The suspension is defended, separated from solid particles and the aqueous solution is used as fertilizer. This technology, thanks to the use of the biomass of the worm, provides saturation of the fertilizer with valuable components that enhance the immune properties of plants. But, as noted above, a relatively insignificant amount of nutrients passes into the settled fraction, while their bulk always remains in the settled fraction. In addition, this technology needs quite large expenses for growing biomass of worms, the content of which in the crushed mixture reaches 40%. Thus, the technology under consideration is not effective enough, and from the position of emotional perception it can be called inhumane - because in order to obtain biomass it is necessary to grind living individuals of a valuable worm.

The production of liquid organic fertilizers needs to create reliable, economic and easy-to-maintain equipment. Improvement of existing technologies and the creation of new ones are certainly associated with the creation of new types of installations and devices.

So, the known installation for the production of mineralized organic fertilizers described in the patent of the Russian Federation Na 2254699 (IPC ⁸ : A01CЗ / 00, C05FЗ / 06, C05F11 / 04, publ. 2005.06.27), which is equipped with a tank with inlet and outlet pipelines, mixing means liquid medium and injector. The disadvantage of this installation is that it is not able to ensure the production of a product resistant to delamination - the fertilizer produced has a sludge deposit, which can lead to clogging of the nozzles of the spray devices. A known installation for the production of liquid organic fertilizer based on raw materials containing humic compounds, which is mixed with biomass with constant sparging of air flows (RF patent Ns 2040516, IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 02, publ. In Bull. Ns 21, 1995). This installation contains a screw shredder of raw materials connected to the tank, in turn, connected by a pipeline to the tank in which the biomass is stored, which is fed into the tank using a centrifugal pump. The tank is equipped with a means for mixing ground material with biomass. The unit is also equipped with a compressor, which provides bubbling of the stirred mixture. This installation has the same disadvantages as the above, as a result of which the final product that it produces is a liquid kefir-like mass containing solid inclusions that can clog the spray equipment. A similar installation for the production of environmentally friendly fertilizers is described in Ukrainian patent Ns 64092 (IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 04, published in Bul. Ns 2, 2004). It includes a bioreactor containing a loading zone, an unloading zone, a device for supplying organic waste to and removal from the bioreactor, as well as a device for mixing the mixture in the bioreactor. Using this installation, fertilizer is obtained, which is the liquid fraction of the fermented mass of ground waste, the particles of which are incompatible with the dimensional parameters of the spray equipment. Thus, the constructive construction of this installation also does not create conditions for obtaining a finely dispersed and stable suspension.

As a prototype of the invention, a biological fertilizer containing biohumus is adopted, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, water-soluble humates and agronomically useful biohumus bioflora (RF patent Ns 2181710, IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 02 , C05FZ / 02 publ. 2002.04.27).

The fertilizer contains nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and humic acids and is a settled and filtered suspension of peat and biohumus, to which additional nutrients are added, if necessary - copper, boron, zinc, selenium, silicon oxide. The disadvantage of this product is the low content of agronomically useful bio-flora of vermicompost, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer. The reason for the low content of bioflora is that during the mixing of the mixture of vermicompost and peat in the reactor, a significant number of microorganisms simply die, and a large amount of viable microflora remains in the sediment.

Particles of solid particles of the active substance - biohumus and peat - contained in the finished product cause clogging of the nozzle openings due to too large sizes. In addition, they can settle to the bottom of the tank in which the fertilizer is stored. Thus, the physical state of the fertilizer can be represented as a suspension with a low degree of dispersion and stability, the use of which for the purpose of spraying plants is problematic. The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the agrochemical effectiveness of biological fertilizers by optimizing the qualitative and quantitative content of its nutrients and minimizing size solid inclusions that are part of the fertilizer, which allows to increase the agrochemical value of the fertilizer, to increase the total area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, as a result of which not only the bacterial flora is lost, lost during the technological operations of the worker cycle, but its content in the finished product is also significantly replenished, in addition, conditions are created for the unhindered passage of fertilizer through the channels of the sprayer GOVERNMENTAL installations.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that in a biological fertilizer containing biohumus, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, water-soluble humates and agronomically useful biohumus bio-flora, according to the invention, the components that comprise in the composition of the fertilizer contained in the following ratio (in wt.%):

- nitrogen - 0.0084-3.0; - phosphorus - 0.0053-3.0;

- potassium - 0.036-3.0;

- calcium - 0.0047-1, 0;

- magnesium - 0.0037-0.37;

- iron - 0.00025-0.025; - manganese - 0.000011-0.001;

- copper - 0.000045-0.0045;

- water soluble humates - 0.00016-0.6;

- water - the rest, while the fertilizer contains agronomically useful biohumus bioflora in the amount of 15.5 ⁶ -15.5 ¹² colonies per 1 ml, and the size of the solid particles of the fertilizer is 3 - 10 microns.

As part of the proposed fertilizer, the nutrients of vermicompost are present in much larger quantities than in the fertilizer described in the invention adopted as a prototype. This is evidenced by the data:

The increased content in the proposed fertilizer of a balanced amount and in readily available forms of nitrogen improves the synthesis of amino acids from which proteins and polypeptides are formed; phosphorus - stimulates the processes of respiration and photosynthesis; potassium - increases the water content of protoplasm and its water-holding ability and activates the flow of plastic substances from the leaves to the reproductive organs; calcium - contributes to a better development of the root system, optimizes the response of the soil-absorbing complex; magnesium and iron - improves the formation of chlorophyll in the leaves; Manganese - positively affects the carbohydrate, nucleic and protein metabolism of plants, activates and enhances photosynthesis; water-soluble humates - activates and accelerates the growth and development of plants, reduces the influence of stressful natural factors.

In addition, the biohumus solid particles are finely dispersed, almost dusty inclusions that are in suspension in suspension, without forming a precipitate. Such a suspension, even during prolonged storage, does not separate, preserving its stability, and is most suitable for spraying plants with plants.

A significant advantage of biological fertilizer is its significant content of active (living) agronomically beneficial bacterial flora, which makes it also an effective microbiological fertilizer, which is an excellent plant growth regulator, contributes to the restoration of soils even after years of use and inhibits pathogenic microflora (see table 1).

Table 1

The high content of agronomically useful bioflora is the result of the presence of finely dispersed solid inclusions in the fertilizer. Considering that microbial organisms of biohumus are immobilized on the outer surface of a solid carrier substrate, it is obvious that with a decrease in the size of solid particles, the area for their “occupation” increases - microorganisms receive favorable conditions for active reproduction. This process is also intensified due to the fact that the development bacteria occurs in the presence of oxygen.

As a result of a series of studies, it was found that the content of nutrients that are part of the biological fertilizer in the quantitative range proposed by this technical solution is optimally balanced to ensure proper nutrition of plants throughout the entire period of their development and taking into account their biological characteristics. Also, the size of solid particles of fertilizer in the range of 3-10 microns is the most acceptable to ensure both high agrochemical and high performance characteristics of the fertilizer. Fertilizer, the quantitative composition of the nutrient elements of which will be less than that provided by the invention, has too low biological the activity and processing of plants by them will have little effect on their development. The use of fertilizers, the nutrient content of which will exceed the quantitative range specified in the invention, in some cases can cause oversaturation of plants with biologically active substances, which leads to suppression of their growth and deterioration of product quality.

Grinding vermicompost in the dispersant to particles larger than 10 microns in size will cause them to become stuck in the nozzles of the sprayers, and obtaining particles smaller than 3 microns is too complicated a technical operation.

Table 2 presents the results of the stimulating effect on the growth and development of plant biotests.

table 2

* Control - water

Table 3 presents the results of experiments conducted on the site planted with tomatoes, using specific compositions of biological fertilizers. In experiment N ° 1, the fertilizer ingredients were selected in an amount less than the minimum proposed by this invention. In the experiment, Ne2 - in an amount that exceeds the maximum content of ingredients proposed by the invention. In the experiment Ns 3 - in an amount equal to the minimum content of ingredients proposed by the invention. In the experiment Ns4 - in an amount equal to the maximum content of ingredients proposed by the invention. In the experiment, Ns 5 and N2 6 - in an amount that is within the proposed range. Table 3

According to the table, it is seen that the highest indicator of plant survival occurs when fertilizers are used for NsNs 5, 6. As a prototype of the invention, a method for producing a complex liquid organic fertilizer is also adopted, which includes diluting vermicompost with water, mixing and microbiological fermentation of the mixture with its continuous enrichment with oxygen (RF patent Na 2107054, IPC ⁸ : C05F11 / 00, C05F17 / 00, publ. 1998.03. twenty).

According to this method, the feedstock is loaded into the fermenter, heated water is added and microbiological fermentation is carried out with continuous stirring. To ensure optimal conditions for the fermentation temperature of the slurry is maintained within 25 - 30 ⁰ C and during the entire cycle of the reaction mixture is enriched with oxygen by purging the fermenter preheated to a temperature of 25-30 ⁰ C with air. At the end of the fermentation process, the suspension is defended and the liquid phase is separated, which is then evaporated at a temperature of 25-30 ⁰ C. The resulting dry fraction is diluted with water and thus the final product is obtained - liquid humic fertilizer. The disadvantage of this technology is that it does not provide for the operation of fine grinding of the feedstock, as a result of which the efficiency of microbiological fermentation is not high enough. And, given the fact that the fermented suspension is subjected to dehydration at a temperature of 25-30 ⁰ C, it is obvious that a significant part of the microbiological population is lost. It should also be noted that the full technological cycle for the preparation of this fertilizer is long-term and complex. So, for example, to carry out fermentation, the suspension must be heated to a temperature of 25-30 ⁰ C, and the fermentation process itself takes at least 160 hours.

The basis of the invention is the task of simplifying and increasing the efficiency of the method of producing biological fertilizer by processing the crushed feedstock using a hydraulic cavitation dispersant and optimizing the conditions for microbiological fermentation of an aqueous suspension, which minimizes the size of solid particles of vermicompost to a state in which an aqueous suspension containing these particles , is a stable, homogeneous, resistant to delamination substance, and the total the area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, in addition, conditions are created for the unhindered passage of fertilizer through the channels of spraying plants. The problem is achieved due to the fact that in the method of producing biological fertilizer, including diluting vermicompost with water, mixing and microbiological fermentation of the resulting mixture at its continuous enrichment with oxygen, according to the invention, the vermicompost is subjected to dispersion using a hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant to obtain a finely divided aqueous suspension with a particle size of vermicompost 3 - 10 microns, after which microbiological fermentation is carried out by the bacterial flora of vermicompost.

The proposed method of manufacturing fertilizer provides the possibility of grinding vermicompost to the state of microdispersed particles with a size of 3 to 10 microns. This effect is achieved due to the recirculation of the aqueous mixture through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer. Solid particles of vermicompost, having made several .. revolutions "through a cavitation mixer or rotor-pulsation apparatus, are crushed under the influence of cavitation effects. Such particles form a sedimentation-resistant deposition (emulsion). And, as mentioned above, with decreasing particle size, the surface area increases on which microorganisms can be immobilized, due to which the content of biohumus of vermicompost in a liquid fertilizer made according to the proposed technology is much higher than in the known invention. it also contributes to the fact that the contact of microorganisms with finely divided inclusions of vermicompost occurs under the action of airlift flows of air bubbles that contain oxygen.A significant advantage of the method is that for the fermentation of the suspension using not separately grown population of microorganisms (as is the case in the prototype ), and the bacterial flora of the feedstock - vermicompost. This significantly increases the biological value of the fertilizer and reduces its cost. The combination of factors such as the presence of finely dispersed particles in suspension and their contact with biohumus bio-flora in an oxygen atmosphere accelerates the technological cycle of fertilizer production compared to the known process. So, for example, the required concentration of vermicompost in a finished product manufactured by the proposed method is achieved in 5-7 minutes, while in the known method this operation takes about 160 hours.

The method can also be used for the production of liquid forms of biologically active food and feed additives.

The implementation of the proposed method for the manufacture of biological fertilizers in general form and a specific example of its implementation are demonstrated below by the operation of the installation intended for the implementation of this method.

As a prototype of the invention also adopted the installation for the manufacture of complex liquid organic fertilizers, which includes storage tank associated with a screw extruder and a bioreactor connected to a jet aerator (RF patent Na 2056393, IPC ⁸ : C05FЗ / 06, published in Bull. N ° 8, 1996).

In this installation, an aqueous solution of crushed feedstock is fermented in a bioreactor - methane tank, into which it enters through an airlift aerator. The disadvantages of the installation include the lack of structural elements in it that can ensure the grinding of raw materials to a finely divided state. This factor is the reason that the fermentation process in the bioreactor is not intensive enough. The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the operational capabilities of the installation for the production of biological fertilizers by improving its structural design, in particular, equipping a dispersant with an external recirculation loop, as well as optimizing the connections between the main structural elements of the installation, which minimizes the size of the biohumus solid particles to a state wherein the aqueous suspension containing these particles is stable, homogeneous, resistant to delamination with bstantsiyu, and provided the total area increase of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which results in their intensive development, in addition, the conditions for the smooth passage through the channels fertilizer spray devices.

The second embodiment of the invention is based on the task of increasing the operational capabilities of a plant for the production of biological fertilizers by improving its design, in particular, equipping a dispersant with an external recirculation loop, optimizing the connections between the main structural elements, as well as equipping the installation with a fine suspension buffer tank and two tanks clarification of the product, which minimizes the size of solid particles of vermicompost to a state in which the aqueous suspension containing these particles is a stable, homogeneous, stratification-resistant substance, and also provides an increase in the total area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, in addition, conditions are created for the smooth passage of fertilizer through the channels of spraying plants and ensures the continuity of the process. This object is achieved by the fact that in the installation for the manufacture of biological fertilizers, which includes a storage tank associated with a screw extruder and a bioreactor connected to a jet aerator, according to the first embodiment, the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external recirculation circuit, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which is connected through the outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of the screw extruder, and through a jet aerator - with a bioreactor equipped with a conical bottom with a switchgear installed in it, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected tank lightening product.

The task is also achieved due to the fact that in the installation for the production of biological fertilizer, which includes a storage tank associated with a screw extruder and a bioreactor connected to a jet aerator, according to the second embodiment, the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external a recirculation circuit, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which through the outlet the pipeline is connected to the inlet pipe of the screw extruder, and through the jet aerator to the bioreactor, which is equipped with a conical bottom with a switchgear installed in it, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected to two interconnected product clarification tanks, in addition, the installation is equipped with a buffer tank fine suspension, the inlet pipe of which is connected to the outlet pipe of the dispersant, and the outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of the bioreactor.

The installation of a plant with a dispersant connected to an external recirculation loop makes it possible to form a finely dispersed biohumus suspension in the dispersant, the solid inclusions of which are an excellent substrate for cultivating biohumus bioflora on them. The positive results of this are described above.

It should be noted that the rotary-pulsation apparatus is an alternative to the cavitation mixer - both devices perform the same function as part of the external recirculation loop and can be interchangeable in the design of the proposed installation.

The composition of the installation described in the second embodiment of the invention includes a buffer tank of a finely dispersed suspension and two interconnected product clarification tanks. This ensures the continuity of the fertilizer preparation cycle due to the combination of the preparation of a finely dispersed emulsion and the renewal of biological flora over time: a portion of the suspension made in the dispersant is accumulated in the disperser before entering the bioreactor buffer tank, and at this time the dispersant processes the next portion of the product. However, it does not need to be stopped for the period of operation of the bioreactor, as is the case with the operation of the installation described in the first embodiment of its implementation.

The presence of two product clarification tanks provides a combination in time of the process of filling the tanks and the product clarification process in one tank with the process of filling the product from the second tank.

The invention is explained in the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first installation; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second installation option.

The proposed installation for the manufacture of complex liquid fertilizers (Figure 1) contains a storage tank 1 connected to a screw extruder 2, with which preliminary grinding of the initial product and separation of foreign impurities from it is carried out. The output of the screw extruder 2 is equipped with an output chamber 3, equipped with an output pipe 4 and an input pipe 5. The output pipe 4 of the chamber of the screw extruder 2 is connected to a disperser 6, which is filled with water in the initial state. The dispersant b is equipped with an external recirculation circuit, which contains a centrifugal pump. 7. The suction pipe 8 of the centrifugal pump 7 is connected to the dispersant 6, and its pressure pipe is connected to the inlet of the hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary pulsation apparatus) 9. The inlet of the suction pipe 10 of the cavitation mixer (or rotary pulsation apparatus) 9 is connected to the lower part dispersant 6, and the output through the valve B1 with the inlet pipe 5 of the screw extruder 2 and with the bioreactor 11 through the valve B2 and the jet aerator 12. The tank of the bioreactor 11 is made with a conical bottom, in which p spredelitelnoe device 13. The upper part 11 of the bioreactor is connected to the conduit 14 to the tank 15 lightening product.

The installation according to the second embodiment (Fig. 2) is equipped with an additional tank 18 for clarifying the product and valves ВЗ and B4, which connect tanks 15 and 18 with the bioreactor 11. Tanks 15 and 18 for clarifying the product allow combining the processes of filling the tanks and clarifying the product in time tank with the process of spilling the product from the second tank. For this purpose, they are equipped with additional valves B5 and B6, the outputs of which are connected to the spill pipeline. For reuse of the r-dispersed phase, which is a biologically active product that is separated in the product clarification tanks, the installation can be equipped with an additional pipeline with valves B7 and B8, the inputs of which are connected to the nozzles installed in the lower part of the first tank 15 and the additional product clarification tank 18, respectively. The outlet of the pipeline through the pump 19 is connected to the bottom of the tank of the bioreactor 11.

Installation works in this way. In the initial state, the dispersant 6 is filled with water, and the conical part of the bioreactor 11 is filled with the original biologically active product. Valve B1 is open, and valve B2 is closed. To prepare a liquid biologically active product, the centrifugal pump 7 and the screw extruder 2 are turned on. In this case, the initial product is crushed by the extruder 2 and enters the outlet chamber 3, from where the recirculation loop is delivered to the disperser 6 by the flow of water. hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary-pulsation apparatus) 9, where under the influence of cavitation effects it is crushed, forming a sediment resistant to subsidence (emulsion). The operating time of the screw extruder 2 is determined by the necessary concentration of the starting product in the finished mixture. After obtaining the required concentration of the solution, the screw extruder 2 is turned off and the mixture is recycled through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary-pulsation apparatus) 9 to obtain a homogeneous suspension resistant to delamination. The recirculation time is determined by the volume of dispersant 6.

During the dispersion process, the bacterial flora of the starting material dies. To resume it after the dispersion process is completed, valve B1 closes and valve B2 opens. This leads to the flow of the obtained finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor 11 through the jet aerator 12. The stream of finely dispersed suspension saturated with small air bubbles in the jet aerator 12, entering through the distribution device 13 into the layer of the initial biologically active product, loosens the latter.

The design of the distribution device 13 provides distributed tangential introduction of the suspension flow into the bioreactor 11, and saturation of the flow with air bubbles leads to the formation of airlift flows in the bioreactor 11, which ensures effective contact of the prepared suspension with the original product.

As a result of contact with a biologically active starting material in a finely dispersed suspension, the bacterial flora actively develops, which reaches the optimal concentration over a certain period of time. Based on this, the input stream of finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor 11 and the volume of the bioreactor are selected with contact orientation during this time term. This allows you to divert the finished product from the upper level of the bioreactor 11 through the pipe 14 to the product clarification buffer tank 15 for subsequent pouring into the shipping container. The coarse part of the starting product, which is the biologically active phase, can be returned to the bioreactor 11 for reuse.

When the second installation option is used (Fig. 2), which provides a continuous technological cycle, a continuous process of preparing a finely dispersed suspension takes place and the latter is first fed to the buffer tank 16, and then by the pump 17 to the bioreactor 11. During the time that one portion of the suspension is processed in bioreactor 11, dispersant 6 manages to prepare a second portion of the product. This allows you to combine in time the process of preparing a finely dispersed suspension and the process of resuming biological flora.

From the bioreactor 11, the suspension enters an additional product clarification tank 18, where it settles for a certain time, which is sufficient to fill the tank 15. After filling the tank 15, the already clarified finished product from the tank 18 can be sent to packaging.

Fertilizer manufacturing example

The raw material for the manufacture of biological fertilizer is vermicompost, the qualitative and quantitative composition of which is due to TUU 3336496.001-94.

For the proposed installation, the operating time of the screw extruder is determined by the necessary concentration of the starting product in the finished mixture, and is about 5-7 minutes. After obtaining the required concentration of the solution, the screw extruder is turned off and the mixture is recycled through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary-pulsation apparatus) until a homogeneous suspension is resistant to delamination. The recirculation time is determined by the volume of the dispersant and for an existing installation with a capacity of up to 1 ton of product per hour is 40 - 45 minutes. The optimal concentration of bacterial flora in the bioreactor is achieved within 35-40 minutes. Based on this, the input stream of finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor and the volume of the bioreactor are selected based on the 40-minute contact. In an existing installation, with a suspension flow of 1 m ³ / h, the volume of the bioreactor is 0.8 m ³ . From the upper level of the bioreactor, the finished product is discharged through a pipeline into the product clarification buffer tank for subsequent pouring into a transport container. The coarse portion of the starting material may be returned to the bioreactor for reuse.

Biological fertilizer, which is manufactured according to the proposed the technical solution is a finely dispersed stable aqueous suspension that contains balanced compounds of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, trace elements and the active bacterial flora of vermicompost. The liquid form of complex fertilizer can reduce the cost of its application using the spraying method. In addition, the liquid form allows you to optimize the dosage of fertilizer by diluting the initial product with water to the desired concentration.

By proxy patent attorney Bloshchinskaya EA

Claims

CLAIM

1. Biological fertilizer containing biohumus, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, water-soluble humates and agronomically useful biohumus bioflora, characterized in that the components that make up the fertilizer are contained in the following ratio (in wt.%):

- nitrogen - 0.0084-3.0;

- phosphorus - 0.0053-3.0; - potassium - 0.036-3.0;

- calcium - 0.0047-1, 0;

- magnesium - 0.0037-0.37;

- iron - 0.00025-0.025;

- manganese - 0.000011-0.001; - copper - 0.000045-0.0045;

- water soluble humates - 0.00016-0.6;

2. A method of producing biological fertilizer, which includes diluting vermicompost with water, mixing and microbiological fermentation of the mixture with its continuous enrichment with oxygen, characterized in that the vermicompost is dispersed using a hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant to obtain a finely dispersed aqueous suspension with a particle size of vermicompost 3 - 10 μm, after which microbiological fermentation is carried out by the bacterial flora of vermicompost.

3. Installation for the manufacture of biological fertilizers, which includes a storage tank associated with a screw extruder and a bioreactor connected to a jet aerator, characterized in that the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external recirculation loop, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which is connected via an outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of a screw extruder, and through a jet aerator - with a bioreactor, which is equipped with a conical bottom with installed in it distribution device, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected to the product clarification tank.

4. Installation for the manufacture of biological fertilizer, which includes a storage tank associated with a screw extruder and a bioreactor connected to a jet aerator, characterized in that the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external recirculation loop, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which is connected via an outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of a screw extruder, and through a jet aerator - with a bioreactor, which is equipped with a conical bottom with a switchgear installed in it, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected to two interconnected clarification tanks of the product, in addition, the installation is equipped with a buffer tank of fine suspension, the inlet pipe of which is connected to the outlet dispersant pipeline, and the outlet pipeline - with the inlet pipe of the bioreactor.